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HISTORY 



OF 



Trenton, New Jersey 



THE RECORD 01< ITS EARLY SETTLEMENT 
AND CORPORATE PROi^RESS. 



SKETCHES OF ITS GENESIS, 
COLONIAL CONDITIONS AND MUNICIPAL EVOLUTION. 

ITS BUSINESS, FINANCE, MANUFACTURES AND FORM OF GOVERNMENT, 

WITH PARTICULAR NOTICE OF THE AH^N 

WHO BUILT THE CITY. 



COMPILED FOR THE "STATE GAZETTE," 

I!Y 

KR^NCIS BAZLEY LEK, 

Member of the Historical Societies of Xew Jersey and Pennsylvania; of llie Board of Managers of tlie 

Genealogical Society of Pcnn,sylTania; of llie American Academy of Political and Social 

Science; of the American l)ialect Society; of the Medico- Legal Society; 

Americiin Numismatic and Archa'ological Society; New 

Jersey Society Sons of the Revolntion, etc. 



1895. 



COl'YRIGIITKI), 

1895, 

F. T. SMILKY A CO., 

Trenton, X. .1. 



Thknion, K. J. : 

John L. Murphy, Primer. 

1895. 



I- 



jt 



INTIIODITCTION 




rs 

"^ |-;|;KIN is traic.l the history dl' \\h- Capitnl ..f New .Iitscv. As "The Falls."' 

'i'lTiitnii ciitia'cd till' lists (if roldiiial tuwiis, a liamlct scarce iiKiri' Ihaii a sti i|i|iiiitr- 

]ilaic on tlic staLic-rmitc. 'I'lic tnriiiiii:-|iiiiiit of tlic American l!c\(ilutiiin, the 

projected Capital of tlie I'liiteil States, the |iolitical ci-iiter of a lireat eomnion- 

\vealth, the home of iinhisti'ies that ha\-e Won her an international i'e]iutation 

alc all a pait of an honorahle rciord. The Ti-enton of to-dav. with hei' varied 

(Q~7 economic |ilicnomeiia. hei' alisoi|ition of out I yin,L:' teri'itorw and liei' successes an<l 

iMpiil i;i'o\\th, iom]iletc a story of prouress. 

In detail, her reli;;iiins. social and mnnieipal exohitiou is cleaiix' de\i'loped from hmnhh' oriiiin 

to }ireseiit achievemiaits. 'I'he clnn'ch<s, eluhs and \aiioiis city depailinents each ha\e a place. The 

professions anil the niiai. who havi' i;ained foi- themscKi's and tlieii- citv honor and I'cnow n. are fidlv 

presented. r.io;:raphieal sketches and portraits of leadiMi: citizens in .all walks of life arc a part of 

this l'c<'ord. .\ ecu rale sketches of the police, lire and school dcpartnieiits, as w ell as of the National 

Guard, are jriven. Works relating: to the city ai'e also mentioned, siiowiu!^' the importanci' of 

Trenton in the litci-ary and hist<irieal wculd. 'I'he State institutions are ti'eated at IcUL'th. 

I'roni tith-paije to colophon, this is a ;VMM/edf Trenton — a city whose histor\- einhraces two 

centuries. 

KI;AN( IS I'.A/I.KV l,KK. 



CONTENTS. 



Chapter I. — The Genesis of Trenton — Two Factors in the Institution of the Town, Economic and Religious — 
Geologic and Climatic Difl'erences Between East and West Jersey — The Calvinist of East Jersey and the 
Quaker of West Jersey Meet at Trenton — Religious Types in the Town and the Heterogeneous Population — 
Trenton Becomes the Junction of the Varied Elements of the Colonial Life of New Jersey 11 

Chapter II. — Trenton as "The Falls of the Delaware" — The Royal Grant of New Jersey — Burlington, in West 
New Jersey, Settled— The First Xth — Trenton a part of Burlington County, 1G79-1714 — Mahlon Stacy 
Estahlishes the Town — "The Court Booke" and the List of Settlers — Forestry Problems— The First Bounds of 
Nottingham, Maidenhead and Iloiiewell Townships— Early Court OHiccrs— Primitive Tax Assessments— The 
First Roads— The Advent of Colonel Trent— "The Falls" Becomes Trent-Town 16 

Chapter III.— Life in Trenton in the Colony— Some Extracts from the Press— Counterfeiting and Horse- 
Stealing— Property Sales — Slavery and the Redemptioners— Some Early Industries —Records of Freshets- 
Sidelights on the Life of the People— The Trenton Town Book 24 

Chapter IV.— Some Distinguished Trentonians of Colonial Times — Mahlon Stacy— The Trents— William Trent, 
the Founder— William Trent, Jr.; Andrew "Trent" Hamilton; Archibald Home, the Poet; Thomas Cad- 
walader, the First Burgess, and his Family ; Mahlon Kirkbride; Sir John Sinclair 34 

Chapter V.— The Trenton Barracks— The French and Indian War- The Inhabitants Object to the Quartering of 
Troops— Petitions for Barracks — Legislative Action and the Location of the Buildings— Their Variou-s Uses— 
Now the Property of the Widows' and Single Women's Home Society 39 

Chapter VI.— The Battle of Trenton— Adjutant-General William S. Stryker and his Researches— Conditions 
Leading to the Battle— Locations of British and Revolutionary Troops— The Crossing of the Delaware -The 
Attack— The Death of Rail— The Surrender— The Disposition of Hessian Troops— The EHect of the Battle 
upon America — Washington's Call to Arms ^^ 

Chapter VII.— Attempts to make Trenton the Seat of the Federal Government— The Preparations in 1783 for a 
Permanent Capital— Congress meets in Trenton, on the Site of the Mechanics National Hank Building, in 
1784- Trenton Selected, but Congressional Action Defeated by the South— Land Speculation— The Compromise 
between New England and the South— General Lafayette's Two Visits to Trenton— The City the Temporary 
Capital of the United States in 1799— Trenton makes an OHer in 1801 49 

Chapter VIII.— Washington's Reception by the People of Now Jersey, in 1789— The Constitutional Government 
Established and Washington Becomes President— He Leaves Alexandria, and his Pliiladelphia Welcome— His 
Advent in Trenton and the Preparations for his Reception- Tliose who Took Part Therein- \Va.shington's 
Letter— Trenton Commemorates the Death of General Washington -Benjamin Harrison, One Hundred Years 
after, Follows in the Footsteps of \Va.shington— Action of the New Jersey Historical Society 53 

Chapter IX.— Some Early Descrii)tions of Trenton— The Journal of William Edmundson- The Letter of Mahlon 
Stacy— Smith's Description— The Travels of Mar<|uis <le Chastellux— Priest's Mistakes- Elkanah Watson 
Visits the Town— " Salmagundi "—Bissot and Wansey— The Duke de la Rouchefouc^alt- F. A. Michaux — 
Ciordon's "Gazetteer" ^^ 

Chapter X.— The Corporate History of the City of Trenton— Trenton before the Charter of 1792 -Characteristira 
of Trenton's Growth— County Lines, with Trenton as the Shire Town— The Organization of Trenton Township 
—The p:arly Jail-Character of the Town in the Middle of the Last Century— Trenton's Colonial Charter- 
The Village Becomes a Borough Town— lt.s Boundaries— The Officers and their Duties— The Charter Becomes 
Unwieldy and is Surrendered— A Notice of Trenton's Fair and Market 63 

Chapter XL— The Corporate History of the City of Trenton— The Charter of 1792— Trenton's Ckmdition in 
1790— Abortive Attempts to Organize a City Government— The Charter is Granted, and its Characteristics - 
Earlv Streets— Those who First Held Offic^e— The City Seal— Trenton Outgrowing her Village Life-Condi- 

68 
tiims of the Times 



8 CONTENTS. 

CitAPTER X[[. — The Corporate History of the City of Trenton — The Charier of 1S37 — The New Charter — Powers 
and Duties of Officials— Wards Kstablished and Various Changes of Lines — Trenton Ahsorhs South Trenton — 
Kxtension of Municipal Powers and the Growtli of Modern Ideas in City Life — Trenton at the Outbreak of 
the War Between the Slates 72 

Chapter XIIL— The Corporate History of tlie City of Trenton— The Charters of 1866 and 1874— Trenton Out- 
grows her OKI Conditions — A Broad Charter — New Ward Lines Establislied — Increased Powers of Common 
Council — Movement for tlie Present Charter — Trenton Embraces Chambersburg and Millham— Tlie Municipal 
Functions are Extended — Officers of Trenton in 1895— A List of the Mayors 75 

Chaptkr XIV. — The Annexed District.s — Trenton's Growth from Within, Outward — Townships of Independence 
and Ewing — Townsliip of Lawrence — The Borough of Soutli Trenton — Township of Hamilton — Township of 
Nottingham— Outline Sketch of Chambersburg — Township of Millham — The Present Borough of Wilbur and 
its Officers — Cadwalader Place 80 

Chapter XV. —The City Departments — Trenton's Water-Sujiply — How the City Secured W.ater in the Early 
Days — The Present Organization of this Department — The Board of Health and its Officers — Trenton's Parks 
— Their History and Commissioners — The Sewerage and Drainage System, Its Origin and Development —Tlie 
Excise Department — Electric Lighting and its History 86 

Chaptkr XVI. — The Police Department — Its First Organization and Growth — The Present Development — The 

Precinct Stations — The Present Commissioners and Superior Officers of the Department 93 

Chapter XVII. — P^ducation in Trenton — Colonial Inlluences— The School and the I/otlery — A Colonial Library 
— Trenton and her Free Schools, 1833 to 1895 — The Trenton Academy — Its Organization and History, 17S1 to 
1883— The Early Libraries and the Free School Movement— Sketches of the Most Prominent Educational 
Institutions — Business Colleges 96 

Chaiter XVIII. — Trenton's Fire Department — The Volunteer Companies— Their Names and the Services 
Rendered the City — Early Firemen — The Organized Volunteer Department from 184G to 1892 — The Paid 
Department— Its Organization and Present Condition 108 

Chapter XIX — Trenton's Monuments— The Shaft Commemorating the Battle of Trenton — The History of the 
Erection of the Shaft from 1843 to 1893— The Corner-Stone l^aying and Dedication- The Members of the 
Battle Monument Association — The Swamp Angol — The Story of the < )Id Gun— McClcUan's Monmnent— The 
Washington Monument at Cadwalader Park — Wiluuteer Firemen's Mouumcut 117 

Chapter XX. — The Beginnings of the Brick and Pottery Industry — Tatham's Establi.shment, 1685— The 
McCullys and Their Works — The Early Days of the Interest-s which To-day p]xist — Bricks and the Making 
Thereof — Those who were Early Interested 127 

Chapter XXI. — A Brief History of the City's Transportation Facilities — How Trentonians Traveled Before the 
Revolution— The Shallops and Stages Before the Days of Railroads, and Those who Conducted Them — The 
Delaware and Karitan Canal — The Camden and Aiubiy Company — The Railroads which Form the Pennsyl- 
vania System- The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad — The Former Horse Railway and the Present Electric 
Railroad 1.31 

Chapter XXII. — Public Institutions — The Post-Office — State House, Library and Great Seal — State School for 
Deaf-Mutes— Arsenal and State Prison— State Industrial School for Girls— Mercer County Court House — 
State Normal and Model Schools — Masonic Temple — City Hall — St. Francis, Mercer and City Hospitals — State 
Hospital for the Insane— Odd Fellow.s' Home — Y. M C. A. — W. C. T. L'. — Taylor Opera House — Inter-Slate 
Fair Association — Union Industrial Home — New Jersey Children's Home Society 139 

Chapter XXIII.— Trenton's Churches — The Beginnings of Ecclesiastical Life— The Presbyterian, Episcnpalian 
Churches and the Society of Friends the Pioneers in the Field — The Roman Catholics — The Methodists — The 
Lutherans- The Baptists and Their Churches — Other Religious Organizations 105 

Chapter XXIV.— Trenton in the Rebellion and her National Guard of To-day— The City's Attitude upon the 
Opening of the War Between the Slates — The Old Militia System— The Companies which Left for the Front- 
War Times in Trenton — The National Guard and the Naval Reserve 177 

Chaptku XXV. — The Bench and Bar of Trenton — The Cajjital the Mecca of the Practitioners of New Jersey — 

Dignitaries of Revolutionary Days and Their Immediate Successors— The Bar of the City of To-day 180 

Chapter XXVI. — Physicians in Trenton — Early Days of Practice — The Wesleyan Doctrine of "Primativc 

Physic" — Distinguished Disciples of Esculapius and the Present Generation 206 



CONTENTS. 9 

Chapter XXYII. — Trenton's Clubs — Berkeley — Lotus — Trenton — Elks — Turners — Young Men's Republican 
Association — Democratic League — County Democracy — Young Men's Hebrew Club — Catbolic (;iub— New- 
Jersey Historical Society — Canoe Clubs — Field Club— Catholic Young Men's Association of St. Mary's 
Parish — Mercer County Wheelmen — Potters' Club 226 

Chapter XXVIII. — Secret Societies, Orders and Organizations— Trenton a (ireat Center in the Work of Secret 
Societies — A Brief Review of the History of the Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Red Men, Knights 
of the Golden Eagle, Junior Order American Mechanics and otlier Bodies — The Roman Catholic Societies — 
The Temperance Societies 236 

CitAPTER XXIX. — Tlie Press of the City of Trenton — The Pioneers — The Later Papers and Their Kditors— The 

Development of the Local Press— The Newspapers of To-day 239 

Chapter XXX. — " State Gazette," Trenton, N. J. — A Brief Sketch of the Second Oldest Newspaper in New Jersey, 242 

Chapter XXXI. — Phases of City Life— The Trenton Markets -Their Humble Beginnings and Present Status— 
A History of Some of the Older City Streets — River Improvements — Attempts which have been made to 
Improve tlie Delaware — Failure of all these Projects — The Present Condition of tbe Problem — John Fitch 
and his Steamboat 260 

Chapter XXXIL— Trenton's Financial Institutions and Board of Trade— The Origin of Trenton's Banks— The 
Mechanics National Bank— The Trenton Banking Company — The Trenton Saving Fund Society— The First 
National Bank— The Broad Street National Bank — The Trenton Trust and Safe Deposit (Company — The Re:il 
Estate Title Company of New Jersey— The New Jersey Building Loan and Investment Company — The Board 
of Trade 268 

Chapter XXXIII. — The City of To-day— Trenton's Distinguishing Characteristic a Progressive Conservatism — 
This Appears in every Pb;ise of City Life— Statistics of Population and Manufactures, 1890 to 1895— The 
Financial Condition of Trenton 280 

Chapter XXXIV. — Books Relating to the E.arly History of Trenton— General Histories — Special Monographs — 

The vScientific Studies of Dr. Charles C. Abbott- The Printed Charters and First Ordinances 292 

Chapter XXXV. — Introduction to General Biographies — Short Sketches of the Men who have been Prominently 

Identified with the Commercial and Social Growth and Progress of Trenton 2 '4 

B 




CHAPTER 



THE (IKNIOSIS OF TItE.XTOX. 




Two Factors i.\ tiik Ixsti'ittiox ok thh Town, I'>roN(i.Mir axd llici.iiiiurs — ( li;oi.(](iii' axd Cm- 
MATic DiFFEKENcHs IiKiw i:i;x Iv\sT AXii W'kst ■liciisi;',- — Till; ( 'Ai,\'ixi<r OF lv\<i' .Ii;i;si:v ami 
THE Quaker of M'est .Ikk'sia- Mkkt at 'I'im'.ntox — liia.K.iors Tyi'i;s ix riii: 'I'uw n ami 'iiii': 
Heterogeneous; Populatiox — Ti;i;xtox r>i;i ii\ii:s thi; .lixr-nux <ii-' thk \'ai;ii:ii 1Ci.i:mkxis of 
the t'oi.oXLVL Life of New Jersey. 

f\^lK.Y, iimiiy aniitlicv siA'ciiti'i'iitli rciiliiry tnwn, scltlcil in ihr Anin-ii'ini ('ulunics. Iwi 

n factors arc potent in lln' Liiiiisis of Tniilnn. ()iic i> uf ;ui I'conoiuic ami tin- other 

1 is iif a reliLrious nature. In a irsinnr of early eoiidiliiins it is essential |iriiiiarily tn 

cli<suaile tlie iiiiml of the i'lea (if the unit\' I if our ( 'iiiniiiniiw enltli. anil eonsider not 

t< ■■ -Xiii: .Jersey," hut " The .lei'seys " — tlmse strutiiilini:. ineipient Colonies iliviileil hy 

an artifieial liouinlary, lnit, nevertheless, twoyouni;- States planteil under ilitTereiit 

-^(w^-, o conditiiiiis and hy ditfereiil natimis. r|»in the east were settled the I lullanders, 

\_/)(5y whilst the Swedes oeeupied the Inwer 1 )ela\vare \"alley. In liiCI, adate |ire\ious 

n^ ^" ^''"' ^''^^ settlements u|iiin the site uf Treiitnn, the .lerseys lieeaiiie |i(ilitieally 

itnited liv virtue of the l'aiL:lisli eiin(|Ue-l uf the Xiw Netherlands. Certain soeio- 

]oi,deal eiiuditions also atfeet the prohlem. 

.1 iH-inri it may he said, as a ireneral assumjition, that l^^ast and West Jersi^y were in many 

respects as unlike .as were Ci mni'itieut and \'irt;inia. and yet the .lei'seys pariouk uf the i|Ualities ol 

both. Fast .lersey was huld and a.u.uressive. with her purl uf .\mhoy, onee jireatei' than New Vm-k, 

open to the worM. reh int; on eimnneree and trade. < >n the .ither hand. West Jersey, in whieli was 

situated Ti-entdii. was plaeid and easy-piiiej. with her pupulatimi widely dilfused and nf a distinet- 

ively auriiailtural eharaeter. In the latter Colony small settlements, scpai-aled liy impenelr.ahle wnnds 

and divided hv wide streams, deA'elo]ied alonj;' purely provincial lines, and hecame the centers nf a 

life I'ree fnmi cxtr.inciius inllucnccs. 

jioth Uurliniitiin and Salem were dependent upon I'hiladel|iliia. and all three too far from the 
sea to aetivelv ci.mpcte with .\mhoy fur the Fniilish ti'ade. They were als.. remu\cd from the oilier 
jirotitalile hut somewhal ipiestioiiaMc cnlnnial occupation of smUL;;.diiiL: and privatecriiii;- "twixl New 
Enfrland and the Sjianish Main. 

The colonial differentiations outli\ed that Itevululion in whose throes .i nation new was horn, 
one part of which was .lersey — the actual .Vi»- Jersey, child of its colonial father and mother, who 
liotli jrave up their existence that it mii;hl live. 

I''ven now our provincial terminolo-y reipiires tlu' use of Xm-lli .Jersey and Smilli .lersey, which 
virtually is the mnderni/.in},' of the old-time colonial divisions. Thus, to this day. the two Jersey s 
arc still unlike, economically, socially and intellectually. .\nd il is of no import whether tlu'y he 
called North or South, I'ppcr or Lower, hill country or tide-wati'i- district. 

For an economic view, further premises are necessary. These are the forces of Nature as a con- 
dition for man's occupancy. The various geologic, mctcorologic .and other natural phenomena form 



12 THE ("ITY OF TRKNTON. 

:i lilting' 1>;is(> friim wliicli it in;iy lie (Iciuoustnitcil tliiit |"iliti<al IiciuimIs. Ihiivigh seemin<rly arliitrary. 
wen- lap_'i-ly tniiiii 111 1 H| Kill such natural cipnilitiniis. In iitlicr wmiU, tlicrc is a Snulli ami Norlli 
.IiTst'V in nature. 

Tlie Jerseys, tiiii, liail an artiliciai linumlary exteniliii-- in a ^'riierai cdursc fnuu Little Ki^i 
Ilarliiir til a jiiiiiit near tlie Delaware Water i<:\]<. Whilst tlie upiier iKirticm nf West .lersey was 
actually in northern eiiiiilitiiiiis, anil the luwer part nt l\ast Jersey in snuthern cnnilitiniis. never- 
theless these iiortiuns were su little settleil that fur all |iur|iiises the real ilivisimi i.f the Slate may lie 
|i]aeeil at an arliitrary line extemliriL' fruiii 'I'rentiin tn the Anilmys. 'Phis assunieil liiiumlary is imw 
(iccuiiieil. as nearas may he, hy that ,i;Teat artery ul' the American cniitiiieiit, tin- Pennsylvania railmail. 
I'lir the |iurims(>s uf ecunumic study, we may then cimsiiler nurtli ami suuth nf the 'rreiitiiii-Amliny 
line as ei|uivalent tn l''ast ami West .lersey nf enlniiial e^tahlisliiiieiit. Thus 'rrcntnn stamls. inter- 
niediate ami unique, Ketween Nnrth ami Smith Jersey. 

Of the natural cnnilitinns which strniiiily teiuleil tn ililYerciitiate Nnrth anil Smith .ler-cy. the 
most marked was that of jzeologie formatinn. The |iii>iieer nf Nmth .lersey fnuiid himself cnii- 
frontcd liv the Palisades nf Hcriren, the tra]i fnrmatiniis nf the Uaritan. and the <;ranite. schistic and 
iinu'stone lands of the hill enimlry which fnnns the ha-c nf the llliic mmmiains. The valleys alnite 
were cultivated, and this was nnt acenmiilishcd c\ce|il liyardnmis lalmr. S\\ ift-rushinu- sti-eams |int 
the cnloni/.i-r in peril nf his cattle and ernp. whilst the red cla\' "linttnins" were nfteii cnld and 

inhns]iitahle. (Ailnnial auricnlture in K:\>\ .lersey meant hard wnyk. and it is little w Icr that 

attention was soon tm-iicd tn cnmmercc. In Smith .lersey. mi the nthi r h.-md. the -.-iiid)- In: f 

the Delaware valley and its lrilinlarii>, the rich land nverlyiie.;- the marU of Mmimmith. nurlinntnii. 
(Uouccster and Salem emmties. as well as the seashm-c allii\ ial. all needed luit the slii;iitest cultiva- 
tion to the end that every crop needful for man's fnod-snpply shmild >priii'.j almost spontaiieniisly 
from the earth. The streams were sliitrLdsh and rich in Inwland dcpn^it, alninst invitiiii.' man tn 
settle oil their hanks. P.rielly. it ,i!oes withmit sayiiiu' that those wlm h.id the h;irdcsl lalmr wmild 
devcloji alonj; a line (|uite o|ipiiseil. as far as a;.;riciili nral activity is cmiccnud. tn nthers nmre 
favored. Such ireolofrie causes and ciiiisci|Ueiit elTeets tended urcatly to separate the Jersi'vs in their 
enihrvotie state. 

Closely akin to the forniei' is the (|ucstiiin nf climate. With the niiiired soil of North Jersey 
came the winters of excessive cold. It was then tli.it the Iludsnn. liaiilan. Ilackeiisack and Passaic 
wore frozen from shore tn slmre. The summers, which cnuld he ilc\ntcd tn auriculttirc were iici-es- 
sarilv slmrtened hv the rigors of winter. ('milrd. Smith .lersey's winters were tempered hy the warm 
winds lilowini; from the (!ulf Stream or from the salt watei-s of Delaware hay and lower Delaware 
river. That such was the ease, imte the fact that in cnlniiial times sheep and cattle were turiicil 
loose u|ion the t'ajie May heaches, s])eiidini,' the winter amonu the cedars, oaks and Imllics. m- nii 
the lee of a .sand-dune ; wdiilst in Essex or Hertrcti these domesticated animals, especially ammiL;' the 
Ilnllanders, were hetter eared for than the slaves. Tn this hour, the cattle in South Jersey live in 
winter under cedar sheds, whilst the same exposure wniild kill them in Warren or Pa--aic. The 
sunnuers of the hill emmtry. if hot, were full nf n/.niic. Imt in Inw cr .Icrsiy the watcis nf ihcllulf 
fiave rise tn the l'iit;s and warm, humid hree/es w hich arc still called " ( iiilf w cat her. " 11 le h inn id it \' 
would nf course have a tendency to enervation, as the |iU]-ci- air of the nnrth wmild have Inward vitaliza- 
tioii. This, nf course, h.-is had its inilueuce on .Jersey people, and is another factor in diiTerentialinii. 

A third and last inllueiicc, arisiuLT frnm the niiinii nf ;i-en|oij:ic and climatic cnndiliniis. is that nf 
fecundity of natural iirodiictions, particularly of land, hut likewise nf sea. These are ycnerally 
known hy the term ••natural advantaires," and of these from the one hasis of nearly every colonial 
view of life — to wit, aL'rienlture — South .Jersey ]iossessed much that was denied other pm-limisof 
the State. Indeed, those interested in Ivist Jersey or West Jersey reenunized this, and li'tters and 
hand-hooks relative to the Ivistern Division extolled eonuneree, wdiilst those treatinj; of the Western 
Division favored .iLrriculturc 

Aside from Captain John Smith's entertaininir, thmnrh unreliahle, stnry of Viririnia, one of the 
earliest allusions to the fertility of South .Jersey is to lie found in the diary of .Master Evelyn. This 
chronieler's residence mi the Dcl.aware. ahmit the middle of the seventeenth century. ;is an nihic/r- of 
Ployden's semi-fahuloiis expedition, L'ave him a wide iiisii;lit into the matti'r. Evelyn jioes into 
oesta<'ies over the fair and fectnid emnitry with its cedar, its lands, mily awaitini: eulliv.-itinn. its 
forest.s tilled with jjrapes and edihle plants, the hmiie of deer, hear and smaller animals. He i.'riiws 



TIIK CITY OF TI:KXT()X. 



13 



ontliusiastic ancnt tlir vast ili.iilits of dii.-ks ;iii<l ..llin- KinU, iuM,.th,.r with the sea swanniiii: with its 
(h'liizriis. Thciin-an l.dnh'riiiu' Smith .hrscy was the a.hiiii-atidii (it cnlniii/cr and liidiaii alike 

Evelyn's stdi-v was |inMishcil in Ivn-nin', ami iT.-i'ivcd cmlirnialinn in llii.sc Irttcrs and tracts 
latn- (■(illcctcil and r(ht('d hy thr saintly Isaai- .\rirlin<, hi-li-id-raphrr (if (Ih> S\\ cilisli cildiiv npon 
Ihc Dclawari'. II(illand"s histnrians had aln^ady vnilird llic nai-rativc ot luclvn. This diarisl. Ihc 
Indians, Swrdr-; and l»ulr|i all nnitiim' in the carlirsl days tu niv.' evidence in the i-e]iurl, it is lillle 
wonder that the KnuHsh culdnists at the l.e-inniie,: .if the ciuhleenlh ccntnry h,unr| Scitith .lersev a 
sniilini:- and fertile land and ]ileasaiit to lunk ii|iun. 

The ahundan<-e iif .lysters. clams, shell-li<h .and nthcr (.hjeet^ lilted fur f l-ii| ipl v attraclcd 

.settlement tuward the coast. The |H.|julati(in (if West .hrsey. when n.it eii-a-ed in .a-Ti( iilt lire, was 
essentially devuted to iisliim:-. Tin- life of a scaf.ariiiu | M-i.|ile . Iocs not, as a rule, tend to material 
|iroi:ress nor to the conL;vsti<iii of i»p|iiil:ition, thii^ forniini; the ;:ciiesis of M-reat <-ities. Toiichiiii;' 

South Jersey's fertile ]iIantations, alimalaiiei. iif w I easily ciil and ivadilv .■iccessihle. toMvlher 

with lish, fowl and heast to he had for the a-kiie^, lliere w.is little incentive to hard lahor, and the 
colonists settled down to easy-uoiiiLj modes <if life, cariiiL;' littli' for ihe <levelu| ait of f<jreiun com- 
merce or local inainifaetiire. Thii~ Xorlh and South .Icrsi'y were din'enailiated .as to >oil, climate .-ind 
their se(|iicncc, " natural ailv.inta-v-," Tlie-i' coiiiliti,,ns were all more favorahlc to the setllenient 
of South Jcl-scy than of Nm-th .Icrsey, hilt less f.a \ ( JlM I ile I<p the sill i>e. |Ui'nt < lcVclo| (lliellt of the former. 
When men were coni]ielled to d.'lve dee|ier for the wlici-ewilli.al of lit'e. particularly when ihi-v had 
cast aside the past, and were indcavoriiiL; to m.-d<e the piv<eiit the unaidian ..f the future, ii i> not 
to he w.indercd that necessity compelled them to lii^ht xalianiK' upon a rock\' >oil, and hefon- inlio>- 
]iitahlc skii's, wresting- from nature i^aeh atom for existiaice. .\o man in .\orth .lia>i'V could h^ad —as 
did his hrother colonist on the plantations in tin- South Land — .1 life of eomparatixc luxiirw .\alin-c 
reipiircd const.ant industry, and often poorly paiil the expenditure of lahor and aL;ri<ailt iiral enter- 
prise. So one may say th.at South -Icr-i'y's eunditions tuidcd to ease and plenty, and wli.at came 
re.ailil) wdiild he welcomc(l with joy, for I he 1 listastcfiil price of -c\erc manual lahor did not lia\e to 
he pai.l. 

l''rom colonial times to the pres<ait this has hecai true. The iieneratioiis which separate us rroni 
oiir forefathers havi' inherited i-liaracterislies and have preiiatally Lirown to rcLiard, ]ierha]is 
unconsciously, the wide raiiLii' liclwccii the two sections of the State. 

It is scarcely necessary to rcpi'.at that thi>e ■■natural iondition> " at hot can only hi' approxi- 
mated. When indiictixa' philosophic study of coloni.il hi.-toiy -hall att.iin the iliunity of |iopiilar 
I'ccoLiuilion and ap|ircciation. the day «ill come when historians can wci'^li with nicet\' these 
conditions and inllucnces. With us the matter must he di~mi-sed with a formal recoiiuition of its 
presence, and a knowledne of its all-powerful inlliience upon colonial thouu'ht ami a<-tion, and such 
iiiodci-n pha~c> of life as are (lependciil Ihcreiipon. 

Asa rule, coloni.il town sites witv not oci iipicd li\' mere chance, Certainh'. Trenton was not 

so cstahlished. It has already 1 n pointed mit th.it thi< city lay hclwecu North and South Jersey, 

upon the one side theoi-ctically loiichinL! the commercial ccnlcrs of r;.i-t .ha'scy. on the other <'on- 
ti^uous to the auricaill iiral centers of Soiit li .Iciscv. hxiiiL: at the head of iiaviLiahlc tide-waler on 
the Delaware. Tnuloii w as the t lu'liiiej-point on the road from Ihirlinuton and S.ilem to Newark and 
l']li/,ahetlitowii. Trenton w.is the iMailer of a circle of iwiaity miles, with radii extendiiiir l<i the 
rocks of Iliintc rd(Jii and Somei-et, .ir ■' tin' pines " of r>urliii'_:lon .-ind .Moumoulh, ( liir city lield a 
remarkahle position hetween the North and South, Here the londitioii'^ of New l'aii:i,'ind life 
nierjied into those of Xdriiinia ; licri' the merchani :iiid planter touched h.'iiid> ; here llie ( '.'ihinisl 
and Quaker erected side hy side their niecliii'.;-lioii-c- : here the ea<y-L!oini;-. mystical I'riend pl.-ni- 
tation-owner .'iiid the nou-eonihatanl follower (jf T'ox met the eiiipyrieal. lheoi'raey-lo\ini;. eiicri:clic 
disciple of Cromwell. Here came to,L;etlier l"ai'.:lisli C'lhiniM^ and ( ^n.-ikers, Swede and Holland 
tra<lers and I iidian <'liicfs, 

.\ddcd to these economic conditions is the facloi- of ri'liL:ion, ,\s Ti-enlon wa- the spot where 
the line of demarcation of Mi'oloiiic phenomena i~ mo-l nolicealile, so at Trenton, or "yetlalles," 
tiiere came toiiclher the Calvini-t .'ind (Jnakcr. The Sc.teh and Kmrlisli I'reshylerian- had souudil 
in East Jersey a land where thire could he economic .ind icliLdous freedom, I'ponllie resloralinn 
of Kin<; Charles II., the Calvinistie iiillueiice in Kast Jersey, particularly at Newark. Klizahelli. 
.Vnihoy and the upper .Monmouth shore, liei'omcs \ery niarkel. The political nvohilion in I''nL:lMiid 



14 



TlIK CITY ol" TltKNTON. 



hail hroujilit with it a hixity in murals aii'l in iloLTiiia. whicii little i)lrasc(| tlic ('(ivrnaiitcrs ami thcii- 
associates. Thus, East Jersey was a ]ilaee of refuge. Hei'e was an ii|)|iortiniit\- to found a new 
'•liome in the wilderness," as I'lynioutli a half eentury before had liec-n estahlished. Suddenly, the 
t'oMunonwealth was praetieally transferred to East .Jersey. A favorinir suhsoil lay in the similar 
t'alvinistie views of the 1 lullandcrs. there already si/ttlrd. The e(ini|Uer(irs and the c'(in(|Ueri'd 
formed a c|uasi-eeelesiastieal relalionslii|), quite remarkable in view of the then recent political 
relations l)etween l-ai;rland and iiulland. .\s has iieen shown. East .Jersey was more fitted for com- 
merce than for airrieulture. Shi|i|iing' interests increased, wharves and docks ])rnjccted waiily into 
the waters adjacent to New York l)ay, and tradinu' relations with the West Indies were inauj,nn-ated. 
.\ Colony was established which was a union of Church and Stale. The minister was the real source 
of much ecclesiastical and |Kilitical |iiiwer. The strictness of lei,nslation isslmwii in that there were 
a dozen capital crimes in iCast .Icrscy as apiinst two or three in \\'est .Jt'rsey. Town meetings, 
fre(|Uently held in the chnn'hcs, iroverned the details of ]irovincial life, whilst many of the rigors 
of tlie New JMigland '" blue laws " marked the slow development of the young half of our State. 

The restless activity of the I'^ast .Icrsey Calviiii>t soon droxc him ajon;^ the Uaritan valley. 
'I'raversing the narrow tract of land between the South jii'aneli and the 1 )i>la\\ ai'e. oiu' traces his 
])rogress liv Princeton and ihe settlements along the base of the foot-hills, gcnerieally i-alled tlie 
Sourlanil momitain. I>y tbi' iiid of the seventeenth century tin- l''a-t .lerseyman had "crossed 
the line" and hail occupied the banks of the Uelaware at Trenton, as well as northward for 
a score of miles. Here he found hiiiiM'lf foi- the lii'st time upon the l)ela\vai-e valley side of West 
.Jersev, although he had previously established whaling settlements along the ocean-end of the 
Province line, as well as in the county of Cajie .May. 

In general, cxce|iting in a niueh less ili.^i-,.,. ;it I'rinceton and Shrewsbury. Trenton was the sole 
point of contact between Cal\-inist and <^>uaker. "The I'iiies" formed .an inhospitable liarrier. and 
as till' original immigrants seek invei- valleys in settlement. \\liethei- for coinmercc or agriculture, 
there were few social, political, economie or ecclesiastic reasons why tlie-e dilVei'eiit peoples slionid 
be drawn together. Yet the union at 'i'renton pro\eil of imitnal ail\;nit:ige. .-iiid was midoubtedly 
one factor in drawing together these two faiths. 

The settlement of West .Jersey bi'ings in I piite another set of inllneiu'cs. .\s Calvinism was the 
])revailing creed in ICast .Icrscy, so the Society of l'"riends virtually conti'ollcil the alVairs of the 
Province. Toward Xew' .fersey the eyes of M'illiain Penn and his associates were first turned, and, 
indeed, both Salem .•ind llin-linuton had bonie their tii'st fruits ere Philadelphia's huts and caves 
dotted the river banks. Whilst it may be assumed that the growths of West .Jersey, Kastern Penn- 
sylvania and Northern I )elawarc wei'c contemporaneous, it isipiite woi-thy of note that Purlington 
was, in view of tlu' fomulci-, a town of equal impoilance with his City of P>rotliii-ly i.ovc. Of liis 
times, William I'enn was the ablest economist, and probably the most far-sighted man in .\mcrica. 
This leader of the Society of I'ricuds saw in West .Jersey a country such as l^vclyn had desei-ibcd it 
to be. and recognized that its futui-ew:is in agi-ienllural de\elopnient. lie knew Ihniington and 
Salem could only grow to be iidand ports, and that they could not Impr to rival towns facing the 
.Vtlautic. Therefore, he traveled through ICngland and tlie Ithenisli \:il]ey. telling the uu'inbers of 
his own Society, and other religious organizations on the Continent with w liom he euuld s\inpathize, 
that West .Jersey would be a home of a peaceful agricultural people wdiere land was plenty and 
easily tilled. The emigration conunenced. The Low Cermans centralized near Philadelphia tijion 
Ihe high land north and west of the i it v. lint the meiidiers of the Society of Piiends w ho came to 
.\merica were inleuscly ICnglish — the iMiglisli of the country districts of that island where the 
doctrines of Fox had taken the strongest hold. Yorkshire sent many, and one of the West .Jersey 
•' .Xths " was named in honor of that English county. Moreoxer. the l^'ricnds were noii-coudiatants; 
had ]iasseil through the struggle of the Connuonwcalth the mutual object of abuse, ridicule, scorn 
and ]ilunder on the p.art of Calvinist and Episco])alian. J, ike the I'rcsbytcrians, the Society of 
[•'ricuds had a union of Church and State. Instead of beini: the organization of jiractieally one 
man. it was general in its scope. .\ll had ei|ual voice, but the most distinguished ••approved 
minister" was of no more inlluiine than some weaker member of the "Meeting." 'l"wo factors 
in colonial times m.-ide the (Quakers in West .lei-sey of great strength. These were their isolation 
and the refusal to allow members to mari-y "out of meeting." Surrotindcd upon all sides either 
l)y water-courses or forests, the Society of Friends were free from being molested, and the peaceful 



■niK crrv of tiikx'i'ox. 



i; 



rflntiniis w itli the Indian ti'ihcs saved llicni IV rairls. I|iiiii lln' (.tlna- hand, tlic mcnilicrH liv 

niarrvinj; their associates tended In Imild u|i an aristoeraey where larp' lanchMJ interests were nnited. 
A class distinction slowly arose, Kased on iiio|]ertydioldiii-s, which in theory was never recoirnized. 
hut |iractically heeaine a most inllniailial factor. 'riicseand hiaii\- < it hia' (iticstions conlil at leii.L'th 
he discnssed. The Society oT l''rieiids and I he ( '.il\ ini-ls miited upon hut few points. Altlioll;:h 
of coninion .Vnnlo-Saxon stock, haviiiL; conniioii intcre-l in \\ir histories of their aforetime ]>erseeii- 
tions, they lived and died apart. No sympathy, no lastiiiii anther, hul only a cold indillcrenec, 
excejit in matters of trade, charaeteri/.eil their association. 

Tims it will he seen that the charaiti r of the settlers in West .Icrsey. whilst of ^rnat i: Incss 

and sohriety, lacked vitali/.iuL; elements. The relii:ious doctrines of the Society were hcantifiil. hut 
jiassive, and had none of the holdness of ( 'alvin. ( 'oiiiparati\i'ly few contentions, either of political 
or legal character, affected thi' heLUunings of the Delaware river settlements. Fearless of Indian 
raids, unexposed to the ]jossiliilitics of maritime depredation, the ('(.loiiy urew onlv hv natural 
accession, so that East Jersey in ]io[)ulatioii and chattels soon outstripped !u>r neighhor. I'eacefully, 
beautifully, the history of \\'est .Jersey rims like (aie of her placid streams, rellecting without a 
ripple of external emotion, the approving light of lle;i\(ai. ,\nd so it is from a miion of Church 
and State that the restless, resistless, empyrical I'reshyteriau of Ivist -lersey, founding his Colony on 
a soil so Well adajited to him, is tuilikc the calm, thoughtftd, self-contained I'T'iend who came to 
West Jersey to timl a laml which should hcconie the home of a chosen people. 




CHAPTEPv ir. 



TI!KXT()X AS ■■Till-: FALLS oF TIIK I iFI.AWAIli;."' 




'KM 



TiiK ltii"iAi, (liiAN'i" 111' Xi:\\ .1 l:I:•-l■:^■ — l!ri,M.iNi.rci.\. in Wi:si' \i:\v Ji:i;si;'i-, Si-ri-ri.KD — 'riii: I^'ikst 
Xiii — TiiiiNiiiN A rAirr ni I'.i i;i.l\(, ms ('iiiniv, KiT'.i-ITll — >F\iii.(in Siacv K.^tap.i.ishks 
Tine Town — ■■'riii: ( 'oi in llnnisi;" anh tin: l,i-r (ji' Sin ri,i:i,'s — l'"ui;i:sii;v I'koim.ioms — Tin-: 
FiHST HoiMis 111 Xdi TiM.iiA.M, .M aiiii:mii: Ah AMI I Icii'i'.w i;i,i. 'I"(j\v.\snirs — lv\i!i,v Ci)rirr 
()kfi<ki!s — PiMMnivi-: Tax Asskssmf.nts — Tiii': l'"ii;sr lioAn^; — The Advent (if C(ji.oxel Trent 
— "TiiK Falls" UiocdMKs Tl'Iont-thwn. 

^ \lltll 1*. (i| tllr I'Jiulisll riilH |lli's( 111 lCi(il. I Iiill.'iliil s |MlSSl'Ssi(lll ill XcW Jcl'Sl'V fcl 

I P^ til the lMi;ili-li crnw II. (hi (hr ■_' nil (lay of .1 ill I' I hat year .laiiic~. 1 (like of Yofk, 

released to.loliii Lnnl lieikcley. P>ai-(iu uT Slrattdii. and mie uf His Majesty's Privy 
Ciiiiiieil, and SiiMleuri^e ('artarel. uf Saltriiin. mie uf His Majesty's Privy Cuuneil, 
" all that tl'aet 111' land adjaeeiit tu Xew l'"iii;laiiil. and lyinu and heiiii; t" the west- 
ward (if ]y(in,t;- Island and Manhitas Island, and iminided ini the east. |ial1 hythe 
S main sea and |iai-t li\" HiidMin's river, and lialh \i|iiin the west Helawai'e hav nr 
river, and extending; soiilliward In the main (leean as far as ('ape Mav. at the mnntli 
of Delaware hay. and tu tin- iiurfhward as far as the northniost iiramli of the said 
hay or river of Helaware, which is foi'ty-one deforces and forty minutes of latituih', 
and erosseth over thence in a straijiht line to Hudson's river in forty-one deji-rees of latitude ; which 
said tract of land is hereafter to he called liy the name or iianie^ of Nova Ca'sarea or Xew Jersey." 
This practically einliraced Ihe leiritoiy of Xew .lersey, for which a yearly r(ailal of twenty 
noliles was demanded at oi' in the Inner 'I'eiiiple Hall, l>iindoii, at the i'^casi of St. Micluud, the 
Archangel. New Jersey was a part of the i;reat |erritoi-y i;i\-en to the Hiike of ^'ll|■lc hy Charles 11. 
As tenants-in-conimoii. l.ord P>erkelev and Sir ( ieoriic ( 'artaret L;iiverned their possessions until 
Julv 1st, 1()76, when our present State was di\-ided into two sections. Cartaret retained the eastern 
moiety, whilst TJerkcley transferred the western division to William I'eiin, (iawn Lawrieand Xicholas 
Lucas, trustees for lOdward P>ylliiiL;e. .\n arhitrary line, which for years gave much trouhle to 
landowners, divided Ivist and West Jersey. The houndary ran from iiittl(> l-^gg Ilarhour to a 
northern ]ioint on the I)(daware river in the iieigliliorhood of the I)(daware Water (iap. 

Trenton was thus in West Jersey, the Province line lying to the eastward of the town in the 
vicinity of tin- old out-plantatious of Cranhury. Practically, then, the histnryof Trenton i- con- 
fined politically to the western division. 

\\"illiam Penn and those surrounding him at once commenced the development of West Jersey. 
They held ottt to Kuropcans — Lowtlcrmans. Scotch, Irish .ind ICnglish yeomanry — the advantages 
of a good soil, low taxes and as free a government as the world had yet seen. It was to he a land 
of peace and plenty. The geologic and clinialic conditions heing favorahle for man's settlement, a 
liheral frame of org.anie law was conducive to his permanent oeeupancy. 

Therefore, there was soon jiromulgated in West .lorscy a constitution for the government of the 
jjcojile, wliicli was in fact and form a tloeuuuait of true democracy. These '• Concessions and agree- 
ments of the proprietors, freeholders and inliahitants of tlie Province of West New Jersey " were made 



TIIK CITY OF TUKNTON. 



17 



(111 tlir tliinl (lay ,>\ .Maivli, ICTC, ciiirniiiiiio tin ivl.y llic ci ml lact and a-rcanoil made on llic second 
day (.r Maivli, KITC, l,v William I'.iiii, Cawii l.awiic. and N icli,,las i.ucas, mil. i 'I'lioinas lliildiin- 
sdii, 'rinmias {'carsdii, .l..s(|ili llrlmslcy, (;,■,,|■^,. II nliliins.ni and Malilon Slacv. 

The activity nf the (Quaker immiiiranis, wlidlici- lur rr mi,- (,r ivli-ions rcasmis, is slaiwn I'min 

the t'ael that in ICi??, two e( iniiianics (if (junkers, one in ^■(.]■kshi|■e and imc in Londnii, made |mrchase 

"'' ^"111'' "I' ''"■ \\ ''^t -Icrscy lands, and sent (Hit the l'.ill,,\\inu c iiii^-i r- |,, |,mvliase the lands 

"f the Indians: Thdiiias Ollivc, Daniel Wills, .hihii Kinsey, .I..I111 I'lnJMr.l, .l,,-e|,h llelnislev, 
Kdhert Stacy, licnjaiiiin Sc,. 11, Itichard ( ;ii\' .and ■rii(.iiia> l''i.iilkc. They littcd mil a .^ailiiii;^ vessel 

called the Kent, and landed lli.ar | lassciiii.a-s, luu himdred in iiumlier, .il l!acc 1 (a-eek, while tliL' 

(■(imniissidiKa-s sailed h. a |ilace they called ( 'hyi^des Island, alti I'wai'd- r.inliiiL:t( m. 

AiiKinii their | iiivchascs, thioimh Diilch and Swede iiite|-|iivt(a->. wa^ a tract (if land from 
Uancdcas ( a-eek td .Vss.aniiink lavek, fdr which |iail |iaynieiil in l!Iiiis, cidlho and I riiikel,- w a- made. 
This system (if Indian |iurchase was cliaractia-istic (it the (jii.akia- sedlers. and as late as .\(iv(aiilicr, 
17();i, it wasordcred in the Cdnncil .if l'ni|irietni> thai .Idhn Will^, Willi.am lliddle. .Ii-., and .hihn 
Pveadina shdilld ud il|i td Hie Indians alidve the tall-, and | .aili( iilaily l.i ( ',i| idiidcki m- .and to 
Ximhanmide's wiuwam. td treat with them, .and tn li.ixc the lidimds (if the lamU lalel\- |.m(liased 
tVdiii the Indians pi-dpcrly laid diit, and Id i:el fi'dm them dceils fdr the same. 




r//r SUr ,>r' 7>-iv//,ifr 

w IT/'i 
BngroMd erprail^ far lAu wort. 



I\I.\III.IIN ST.Xr^'s I'l.ANIATION. 



.Vniontr the eufly (Jttaker iminitirants was Mahloli Stacy, .a man of more thati oi'dinary ability. 
Allhdiiuh his lifst associatidiis tinancially and socially were with ]!iirlini.'t(in city, lie saw in the site 
df Treiitdii the advantaiics df a tliiixini; hiwii. IJy l(i7'^ -T'-l he had licciiine ideiililied with |ii-d|iei'ty 
int(_'rcsts at the month of the .\ssaii|iink. and in lliSO comiilclcd the erection of his mill, wdiicli was 

in fact tli( Iv one iidrlli dt I'.nrliimtdii. .\l varinus limes he |im'chased a l.afLTc |ilanlalidn, which 

now fdi-nis a |idili(iii (if the nidst cdn,L;'este(l seetidii df the city. II is tli(a-efdre in the eslalilishinent' 
(if Mahldii Stacv's mill, which studd n|idn the .\ssaii|iiiik. near its nionlli, that we lind tlic licjiin- 
niii^^s (if Tfenton's settlemenls. I nci(l(ailally. this mill was Imill of hewn loi;s. and was hut one ami 
a half stories lii;:h. wilh iialile faciiiL;- llroad street. It was aft(a-war(l |inicliase(l and rclmilt liy 
William Trent. Siiliseiilieiilly this landmark was c(iiiv(a-te(l into a collou factory liy (iideoii II. 
Wells. It naiiaiiied in the same ediidition in which it was erected hy Mr. Tr(ail until it was carrie(| 
away liy the lldud df IM-'l. Treiildirs instil ill inn may ihns he traced Id an ecdiidiiiic cdnsi(l(a-ali(in. 
a (|iialily that has ev(M- since marked the IdWii. 

The advantafrcs olTered for a;_'ri(ailtiire, for river trade and lor millintr sddu drew seltha's to the 
viiinitv. I'>v Ki.s.") a numlier of |ie(i|ile c.imc to the new town to join llieir forluncs with those of 
Stacy. At this time the name ■■The l'"alls," or, as (|iiaiii(ly written, "ye ITalles of ye De La 



IS TIIK ( ITV OK TKKNTOX. 

Ware," lictraii to come into jrcncral use. 'I'liis hit of noiiiciiclat(irt> was of imich earlier orifjin, and 
was su^5ieste<l hv tlie rai)i<ls in tlie Delawaic, which He directly het'ore the town. The early settle- 
ments at "'The Falls" were scattered from lowing townshiji to the lower portion of the city. 
Tradition j)oints to the early oei'U]>aney of the lowlands south of Uiverview Cenietery. In the mean- 
time it must not he forfrotten that the center of the new town was Stacy's null, and that Trenton as 
a name did not exist until nearly forty years had clajisccl. The hi'irinnintrs of Trenton are vatriie. 
tradition and manuscript hoth failing; us in the endeavor to throw light upon the matter. But of the 
following facts practically covering the period froni U'lTCi-j Till, we are assured. 

The history of the city of Trenton as "The Falls" is directly coinie<-ted with that of Hurling- 
ton city and coimty. 'i"he earliest concept of the owners of West .lersey, regarding the ))olitical 
divisions of the Pi'ovince, was that it should he ilivided into ten proprietaries. In Fehniarv, ItiSl, 
the '' me11io<ls of the coimnissioners for settling and regldation of land" were promulgatecl. The 
I'rovince Sin'veyor was instructed to measure the front <if the river Delaware, lieginning at St. Pi)d< 
( .•\ssan])ild< ) creek and thence to Cape May, and divide the same into Xths. so that eaih Xtli shall 
have a proportion of river frontagi' ''and so far hack into the woods" as will make or contain 
sixty-four tliousand acres for each tenth. The two most cons])icuous tenths, hy virtue of this 
arrangement, were the Yorkshire and Lomlon Xths, so calleil tiecause the settlers came from those 
regions in Old I'aigland. .\t this division, the First or ^'orkshire Xth extended from the south si<le 
of the .\ssanpiidc to the north side of the I'ancocas creek and facing the l>elaware. Eastward, the 
lines extended indefinitely toward the woods. Inasmuch as the tirst settlements in Trenton were 
south of the .\ssan]iiid< creek, or helow the " Falls," the hegimiings of the town are associated with 
the 1st Xth. North of llie .\ssan|iink was practically a terra iiiciKjiiiUi. The Xth system soon 
became cmnhersoiue, and in May. 1()'.)1, the Legislattu'e consolidated tlu^ 1st and 'Jd Xths "into one 
county, named and from henceforth to he called the comity of I5urIington, hounded liy the Der- 
went (formerly called the St. I'ink or Sun I'ink ) [.\ssanpink] and the Crapwell [Pensauken] 
creek," on the north and south, respecti\-ely. .\t this time all the inhahitants ahove the A.ssan))ink 
were joined to the jurisilietion of Uurlington court. 

One authentic record that remains, throwing information u])on \\u\ life of the ]ieople of " The 
Falls," is the manuscript "Court liooke," now in the custody of lienjamin F. Lee. Ks-piire. of 
Trenton, Clerk of the Supreme Court. Therein we see tlie fii'st ollicers elected hy the jieople (,f 
Burlington county to serve as well for Tri'iiton as tV)r Burlington. Tpon the twenty-tifth dav of 
March (New Year, old style), JtiM, the voter.- of I'.urliugton elected William Emley as Sheriff for 
one year, to serve from St. I'inek (Assanpink) to "ye Creek called Oldmans." Thomas Wood was 
elected Constahle at ''ye ffalles and ye T-iherties thereof." Thomas Revel was chosen Register and 
Daniel Ja'ccIs, Surveyor. In August, HiSii, it was ordered hy the coiu't that Leeds, with convenient 
assistance, hefore the tenth of the seventh inonlh next, shall " L.-iy forth the sevi'ral Tenths within 
this Rrovince, That is to say, to take ye extent of ye liiver from St. I'inck to C;i)ie Ma\- .\iid ye 
same to Divide into Teune K(piall |i"ts or shares." 

That "Ye ITalles" and its vicinity had grown to sutlicient size to recjuirc the servict^s of a 
Constahle, proves that the pojudatiou of what is now Trenton had increased with cousiderahle 
rapidity. 

The use of li(|Uor. and its regulation in early Burlington are of interest. Thus u]ion the eighth 
and ninth of .\ugust, \i\X2, it was ''ordered hy the Co'rtthat noe Person or Persons keeiiingor that 
shall keep an ordinary or Inne within the ,Iui-isdiifion of this Court shall from tt after ye Tenth dav 
of .Vugust instant, take more than two pence t'or an .Vie (Juart (Winchester meazure) of good whole- 
somt^ Ale or strong heere. \\\A Benjamin Wheat iV: Henry (iruhh are hy ye Co'rt appointed to hee 
AI(! Tasters .\nd to goe to ye measure- for .Vie iV: heere, acconling to ye order above, untill ye next 
(uMi'all Assemi)ly or fin'fher order." .Vgain u|ion the twentieth of February, 1()S2, the court 
ordereil that after thi' first day of March "cyder shall not he sold for more than four ])ence ye (iuart 
And yt Uunmie from ami after ye tyme afore' sd shall not he sold for more than one shilling six 
peiise ye (Juart." 

The first special ollicers for tlu' 1st Xth seem to have been John Woolston and John Shinn, 
who were appointed Over.seers of the Highways on the twiuty-seeond of May, KiSo. On the seven- 
teenth of the fourth mouth, 1(J.S4, Shinn was succeeded hy (Jodfrey Hancock. John Woolston was 
his own succes.sor. I'pon the twenty-fourth of the fourth month, KiS-l, the inhabitants l)etween 



TlIK CITY OF TliKNToX. 



"Till' Falls'" ami ( 'losswic-ks <'li(isc' W'illiani ImiiIcv and .l(]sli: Wrifrlit, Asscssurs, with liohnt Sta.-v 
and TIki: Ili'Vcll, Ucccivcrs, " fur assrssnicnt uf \r (Irnl AssiMnlily and for t,'ivinj,' in uath uf land in 
tenth, l)(ith undivided shares and trai'ts." The fuUdwini: pniprietarv list is fur the lirst time pi-inteil, 
and L'ix'es all the landowners of the lirst Xth. This includes tin- names of the jilantatiun-liolders 
at Trenton and vicinity as the record stood in K'lSt : 

Koht Stacy, Tho I^■vell, Seth Smith, the :; hmthers wlie.'Iw ritdits Tho llowman, Tho I'.n.ld, 
Richai-il (luy, Nathaniell West, Tho: Sinifleton, Tho Tei-ry, Morileca\- liowdcii. John (loslinuc, John 
Crijiiis, Josejili JUowdes, Tho Wrie;ht, Edmund Stuart, John Lon.i.', Samll Oldale, Kli.-is ll'are, 
iTraneis Hoswiek. Daniel Leeds, Kohcrt Youn;,', John Daye, Klcazia- jl'eiiton, John Shimi, Tho: 
I'.ndd, Tho: Curtise. John liutc'her, Samuel liarkcr, John Curtise, John i'.i-owne. Michael .Xeuhold, 
I'ersifall Towle. John Antram, John W'oolstou, (iodfrey Hancock, Henry St.icv, Willm I'.iddle. 
Jno Underhill, Saudi Andrews, Samll Borden, ^\'illm Heard, John Snodcn, John llooton. Henrv 
Stacy, John Horner, Willm Jlarnes, Hanicl hlason, ( ieoi'^c ( lofoith. Mannaduke llawsman, Aiitho: 
Woodhouse, Willm Jilaek, I'ho: tTarnsworth, Peter Ifarrison, I5ryan .Morehouse, Tho Thcakes, 
Mathew A\'atsori, Thomas Wood, John Wood, Koht \\'ilson, \\'illm Hickson, ItxiL^cr I'arkc. 'Iliomas 
tfouke, ITi-aucis l)aven|iort, SainuiJl ^\'riLI:ht, Thomas Wri^;ht, Jose|ih Stone, Thomas Lamhert, 
Thomas Tindall, (ieorjie Hutchinson, .hio Pattison, Willm Passwell, llolit i^' John Mnrlin, l!oht 
Pearson, Tho Shanuan, Roht & Tho: Scholey, John llou'ers, James Pharoe, ()eoi'M;(. Hutc;heson, John 
tl'ullwood, Andi'ew Smith, Peter ITretwell, Hu;^di Staniland, ^[ahlon Stac\-, John liamhei-t, Joshua 
Wiitdit, 'I'ho: Lamhiat, Willm Emley, Thomas Partin, John Paneras. 

rpon the eighth of the sixth mouth, 1(.)S4, Thus. Mathews (■om])lains conecniinL; "ye S|io\de 
of Tindier U}ion Lauds not taken uj)." The covu't ordci-ed a ]ii'oelaination from (iov. ()llive and 
CiMUK'il against tlie said action, and that those disoheying he tined. 

This com]ilaint of Thomas Mathews liriuijs to mind the (|Uestion of tindier waste aloiiLr the 
Pelaware. ])urint;tlie entire colonial period, and in fact to this very day in exli-einely isolateil 
sections of the southern part of the State, it was no luicouunon occurrence for vandals to set lire to 
the ])ine forests of large owners, so that charcoal could he I'eadily ohtaiued. Vast forests of chestnut, 
o.-ik and maple lying ui'ar Trenton were destroyed hy tire to save the expi-nsi' of cleai'ing the land, 
this heing prei)aratory to agricniltural devel(.i])ment. Timher thieves ahonnded throughout West 
Jersey, jiartievilarly tlirough the cedar swamjis, which then, as now, were of great value. 'I'he 
unoccuiiied lands were regarded as a common, wliethia' taken up or n.ot. and siinieof the settlers 
grew to helieve that they had rights of piscary, hunting and wood-gathering u]ion any and all 
pro])rietary land. The ho.gs, liijrses and other animals of the Delaware \'alley villages, and those of 
eniliryotie Trenton among the numher, wei-e allowed to I'oain the ne.ir-liy \Miods. The heasts were 
distinguished hy nothing hut the "ear-marks'' and occasional "hauneli hrands," each desiirn 
helonging to a certain owner. Tins scheme of mammalian heraldry lasted luitil well in the pi'csent 
century, and has even vet not entirelv heen relegated to customs now ohsolete. fn the more remote 
jjortions of New Jersey, these animals increased rapidly ami \:[\)si'i\, fine (loiiiisfioitii into/c/vc milnriv, 
sucli as the "wild cattle" of Seven-Mile Peach, in Cape May county. X trace of this exists on our 
statute-hooks, whereto this day stands an act to prevent rams from running at large. In Ki.ST, 
Walter Reeves was indicted for niai'king swine with another man's mark. 

In lfiS5, the oflicers chosen were John l')Uild, High Constahlc ; Josh: Kiev. ( 'onstahlc for " ye 
Falls:" i;(Jiert Stacy, itohei-t Young and Jno. Daye, ( )verseers for the 1st .Xth. in KiS.s. Jno. 
Wilsfoi'd was aii|)ointed Constahlc for .Xottiugham, which town was ''presented" hy the (iraud 
.hny " for not making a sullicieut P>ridge over the River Darion" (.Vssanpink ). The coiu't impose<l 
C'iO fine upon the inhahitauts if the same was not s|ieedily conipleti'd. William Ismley, 'i"ho: 
Lamhert, Roht .Murlin and William Watson were appointed .\ssessors. In this year JIugh Stani- 
land was " lyeeiiiiil " as an Ordinary kee])cr in Nottingham. "The I'^alls," at tiie Xoveniher term 
of court. PISS, are defined hy implication to he in Xottiugham townsiiip. The Conslaliularies 
heing returned hy thetirand Jui'y, .Xottiugham wa< appi-ove(l hy the court "to lye helwceu Cross- 
wicks Creek and Delaware River k northwards \ip the River soe far as at ji'i'senl InhahiteiL" 
Here hegins the story of the estahlishnnait of old .Xotlinghain township. 

]ii this term, Joshua Wright was appointed Oversi'cr of the Highways for .Xottiugham. During 
1689, Rohert Pearson seems to have heen Constahlc for Nottingliam. 



■20 



rilK (MTV OK TUKNToN. 



At a court lirld .hllic •">'l, l()'.)(l, Jnlin Rii};ri-s attcstrd a< ('i)iistalilc I'dV N(illiii,i;li:nii. A I llir 
ciiurt Xi)Vfinl"T •".d. Ki'.KI. \\'illiaiii ImiiIcv. 'rimina-; Wii'jlil ami .Ic-hna Wriulit wrvr |ircsciilril fur 
)iui-cliasiiii;- lands (if the Indians, i-i.nhaiy \n law. 'I'liry wrvr laid' ac'(|uil1i'd. lly .Inn. Tati-ln. 
allorncv. in Iti'.K), Daniel ('(i.\ siu'd .Inn. W'.pdd fcu- trr.-|ia<s. Wdnd \nnk np Cn-X land at tlic l'"alls. 
which V'lX had pufchascd of Tlmnias I'.ndd. Wuod had marked Iitis anil ■■started" hay. The 
witnesses wcfc TIk Unas Lamhert. Ilichaid llasmtt ami Tlmnias l!e\-ell. The ilefendant \va< lined 
Co and costs lieeaiise he " dis|iai-ai;-ed tV dcfianiled |iuMieUly the Tytle." 

On Felintarv ■_'()th, Ki'.KI. Tli as ( nlhcalhoipe was selected a.- the Xottinjihani CunstaMc and 

.Idhn Lamlicrt as Overseef nf the llijihways. 

On I'ehruarv ■Jllth, ICi'.ll, .hihn .\liliiitt was selected as \(ittini;hani ( 'cin«t.ilile and .Inhn Lam- 
hert ciintinucd as Overseer of the IliL^hways. 

In Mav, Ul'.l'i. the Oraml .liir\- |iri'sented the ennnty of liurliiiirtnn for not layiiiL; nut .and 
taking;- care nf lawful hit.diwavs ■■when' the\' aic wanteil — In ye ITalls." In I'^eln-iiaiy, I fi'.l'J-'.l.'!, 
Tlxiinas Tindall was scleeteil as Cnu-t.aMe. ami Thuni.is ( dlliertlini|M' and .lu<liua Kly ;is ( )vei-seers 
of the Ili^hwavs in Nottihizhani. In ](>'.):'. i l'"c-liiuar\- ). William W'al-un. who h.ad ln'cn selected 
Constalile, stated th.at le'liad ■'liyred lloliert I'earson and ye ('o|-'l accrpts him." The <-onrt, in 
kid;!, also ordei'ed the townships of Nottingham ami ( 'hesteiTield to inei't together and Lay out a 
wav to I'^ast .lersev. In Ki'.l.">. the ( )verseers of the Highways foi- .XottinLihiUii wcic.lohn \\'il~ford 
and liohert Pearson. 

( )n the twentieth of l'"i-liiaiary, KiDI, William llixson was selecteil Xottiniiham Conslahle. and 
John .\Miott and .lohn I'.ycrlcy as Overseers of the llii^hways. In K'>'.»."i-'.l('>, Samui'l Overton 
hccame ( onstaMe and (ieiAas I'hai'oe, ( )verseei' fo|- Xott ini;liani. 

.\t the sessions of .\u,L:ust. Ki'.lfi, the court appi'oves of twelve men in Xottini;ham for layinu 
(lilt a road fi'om a ■"hickerx' tree ne.ar ('rosswicks P.i'idiie" to Thos ( dlhei'thorpe's meadow uhei'e 
Wm W.atson's wav la'osses a run. thence to a stake in miildle <if cia'tain |iarcel of laml of Thos 
( lillii'i'tlioi-pe. .\nlhiiuv Woodward was to choose his In-t ■■( 'onvenience to ye sd Roade." 

On |-'el>ruary ■Jlllli, K'l'.IC,-'.!;, .\iithony Woodw.ird w.as selected as the Xottiniiham Constalile. 
hut Samuel O\erton took his place. .\t this court, it is of \'ei-y ureat importance to note that 
Maidenhead w as (a-ccted into .a tow nship in the fnljow im; indcliniti' terms : " The I nhahitants a hove 
Ass.anpinkc ordered hv \e ('ourt to he a Tow,~liipp of them>el\'c< Ky the .X.inii' of M.aidiaihcad. ' 

It will lie noticed that hv this o|-dia- all that portion of what latia' hccame Trenton, lyint;- north 
of the (a-eek, w.as(a'eated into a township, pi'actically laittinu XottinL;liam into two parts. 

In Ki'.l? ( .\ui;\i-t I. .lohn Lainhei-|. of Xottini:h.ani. announces that he has a hoy. ( leorge Slaitev, 
whom ln' hiamht fi-oiu .lames Trent, -luly 21,-t, Ki'.lT. The court oi'dei-s the time Slaitia- shall serve 
his master. Xoviauher session Martin Scott cxhihited a Scoti-h hoy, named .lames JIaddyard, and 
Thomas hamliert also cxhihited a Scotch hoy, .lohn \'ounL;, wIkhii they had purchased from .huues 
Trent. .\t the |-"ehruai-\- sessions, Ki'.l7-'.l>^, .lohn liiycrly was selected as .Maidenhead Constalile 
ami William (juicksall as Xottinuh.am Constahle. The .lustices were foi-hiddcn to i:ivc liipior 
licenses Uldess the same he issued hy the court. The Constalile of Maidiaihead was onha'cd to call 
twelve sullicient men to lay out tlu' Ixinu's Ili^ihway from a point on thi' Province line to the 
Assanpink. In .Mav, Ki'.is, the Maidcadicad ]ieople were lined L'KIO foi- not paying- their county 
and jirovineial taxes to Peter Krt'twell, Pro\imaal Treasincr. The line \\as latia- rcanoved. 

The Constalile returned the follow inji' descri]ition of the Maidenhead road: ■■ P>ei;innintr on ye 
sd line at 'S'orke old IJoadc at ye Coriua^ of .loseph Worths land, thcaice to ye eitiht mile Puiuie 
thence throuiih .lonathan Uaviss his land Improved iV' Inclosed, theuci' o\er ye si.x mih' Kunn 
throtijih Theophilus Phillips land, thence o\ca' scvei-al miais lands .and over Thomas Smiths Land to 
ye live nnle Uuinie thence over .Mahlon Stacys land to .Vssanpink Creeke neare ye mill of M.ihlon 
Stacy." 

In Ki'.I.S, .lohn liyerly returned .lohn Chak as his successor for one year in the .Maidenhead 
Constahiilary. Ivaljih Hunt, Overseer of the Maidenhead Highways, returned Thomas Sndth foi- 
one year, and William Quieksall returned Isaac Watson for the XottiiiLdiani Constahulary. 

In KI'.I.S. thca-e was dissatisfaction in Maidenhead coiKaa'ninfr the two roads from thcii^ tow'u to 
tltc Assanpink. .\ preceiit directed the Constahh' to call the inh.ahilants and put it to vote, so that 
the '• Koad which shall he jiieht Upon A' approved of hy the majority of votes shall he the l'^>tahlislit 
road." 



TIIK CITY (»K ■I'KKXTOX. 



•21 



III Ki'.lS. till- M.-ii(lciili,'.-nl ( uii-l.ililr wn- .ImIim I'.ri.ilcy. iiinl 1 lie lik,' ( iHirr in N, i| I iii-liani wii- 
lillcil liy W'illiiiin (^licks.ill. In IC'.I'.I, iIm^ |m|1,,\\ iiiLi i^ an alislrad ol' the cimrsc ul' tlir .Maidcnlicail 
i-iiad : ■■ I'.f^Mi- al the |iartiti.iii liin' ; l.y iiiai-ki'd Ihts tnS mili-nni; tu a white <iak in kind nl' 
.Inlianiics kauiviicc; liy niarkrd trees to a wliite oak lieli.re l!al|ili Hunts d.iur liv the lain; hv 
niarki'd trees to hrid-c .,\er H iiiih- lani in itoht l.anninus i.and ; llieiiee diieet lhi-.iii;:li Win Acres 
kind ami .lasper Sniitli's kiniland 'I'hos Smiths kind tuoinik' run to a hi.-i ive lrec> ; l)y SaiiHieil 
>Latheus tV Sand Sta.-v to Shahakiinek l'.i-idL;c : Iheiiee thnm-ii Mahluii Staev tu mill a- tive- ilin-et." 
'i'his was si-iied l.y i;nl|ili lilimf.'i, Sainiiel limit, 'I'liu^ Smith, 'I'lieoiihuliis l'hilli|..-, .jnsliiia 
Alideisuii, .l(ise])li Smith, .hilili l.aiiiiiiii;, llczekiah I'.diiliam. 

At a session held Fi-hniary, IC.'.)'.!. ihiiv w.a,-. |,i(-ented a '■ Petition ol' some of the 1 nh.ahitants 
alio\-e the tkals for .a New 'ro\\iishiii to hi' called IIo|ie\\cll as also for :i New Koad iV 1". miidaries of 
the s.iid Town read .V il|ioii Hie ( )n leivd That there he a Town there called llo|jewell and th.at vc 
r.ouiHlaries tlna-eof Im' as follows ( vizt ) To heein .at .Mahlon Stai-ys .Mill and so aloii'^ h\- ^'ork road 
milill it conir' to Shahhaciiiiek and ii]i the smne until it iin-.'l with yi- line of r.irliti'iu that divides 
the Societies .■',11. (Kill acres I'urchase fr.aii the |."illi)il llhai aloiii:- the line of the Sd Socie'.ic's :;i)i)l);) 
acres I'urchase to |)el.iwan' l!i\-er." 

Herein .are the hcLiiiinilius of Iloiiewell. Thus we tiiid the site of Trenton einliraced in the 
hounds of three to\Mlshi|is — Ho|,e\\el|, .M.a idilihead .and .Vol t i I li;hani. Of tlie^e. lh.|ir\M'll alolle 
retains its name, .althoii'jh eiiiliraciiiL:' a mii.-h less area than in the past. The court .at this session 

selccteil Tlleo|,holus I'hilliliS as ('ou-.t.lhle lor M.aidelihea.l. Caleh Wdleatley to the liki' ollice f(.r 

.\ottiiii:haiu. and Stephen Wil-on for Hopewell: as I )\ lascers of the liiiihway, lle/.eki.ah jioniini 
was for Maidenhead, Thomas Tiuil.dl for Xottiniiham, and .\iidreu Heath for Hopewell. In 
I'eluaiary, 17(111, the ( '(justahles of the court reported a~ to the .iclion of the inhahitants in choosing,' 

Assessors anil ( 'ollectors of the ('ount\ Ta.x. The ("ou^talilcs were: l''or Maidculieid, Tl phihis 

I'hillips : for llopcwi'll. .lonath.iu Haxi-: for Nottiu^h.im. ( 'alcli Wheal ly. In Fehriiary. I7(t1-'J, 
the ( 'oiistahles sclci-li'd were : 111 Hopewell. I'duatliaii |)a\is: in Maideiilieail, Tlieophiliis I'liillips. 
.and in .\ottiiiL:liani .lohu kamhert cho-,' Thomas Tiiid.ak 'I'he iie.\t N'c.arTiudal reiii.aiiieik aial 

William Sp.aicer liecamc CoU-tahle lor Hopewell. On the lliueteelltll of the twelfth 1 th. 17(1-'. 

the iuliahitauts of .Xottiiiiiham prcMaitcd the foil . •, ::m interestiuL: petition to the .lustices : 

" Wliia'cas there li.a- lieeii for more tli.au lwent\' \'ears past .a liiL;liwa\' ki'iidiiiu from the iTals 
towards Hiirlinetoii over Crosw iik Crccki' throui;h the I'laiilatiou now of Saudi ()\erton which 
,M ucli Shorten- the .loiu iie\- a- x\ell for the ( 'oii\ eu.iiic\- of Tra\elers as also for yi' I nhahitants of 
the tow iisliip of Xotliueh.am .and \\dier<aipoii the Inhahitants al their Last towne nicctin;^- Were 
ru.animnsK ('oiiceutiiiL: and did tliiie .all ('oiiccut and aL;ree ( k]\ceptiuL; t he said Sanill • Ivertotl ) 
tli.at the same sli(]iild he so ('ontiiiiieil and reiiiaiiie .as a free llridh' Stye and way for travelers and 
therefore liiiiiiliK' piavs the ('oneurreiice of the ('oiirt in ( 'oulirniation of the saim — ."^iLmed in 
I'x'lialfe of the town p Williii I'auley ( 'Icik. When upon the Court Orders that it shall cont inue a 
P.ridle Wav." 

At the Decenihel session. 17(11, the Coustahlc selected for • ' Maydeiiliead ' ' was I'owcll lloofe ; 
for Ihipcwelk liycll Havis, and Noltinuliaui, lii.'liard Willeoose for l.saac Watson. 

|'"r..i]i the recor. Is ..f 17(lo. it is app.iivnt that the looscly-ilelined lioundaries of Hopewell and 
.Maiileiihi.id wci-i' :it once producti\e of troiihli'. .and the court, without any further discussion. 
disposed of the cut ire matter : 

" Wdicrea- there lia- hecli .1 difercuce hetwccai the Townshipp of Maidenhead A' llopewell 
('(iiicei-nini; a Deviddit or |ii\i.~ioii of the Two Townshipps It was ordered thatSi.xof one of the 
Townsliipps ami Six of the Other Shall Meet and .c/ree ahout .a Division and Make their report 
which tliev of hopewcll li.axiiii: refused to cliiise their men it is now ordcfe(| hy the Court tliat llic 
Two Tow nshipps shall stand as hcforctill further orders ( vi/.t ) All Maidenhead." 

Ill 1711'), N.ithaniel i'cttit, .Ir., i'.arlholomcw Thatcher, William Wardclk .lolm Kichardson and 
Henry Hell are mentioned as residents of Hopewell, in 17117, .lohu Clark, (ieiit., is reennled of llial 
locality. 

.\t the sessions, Deecniher lltli, 17<lo, the Coiistahle selected for Maideiiliead was .lasjier 
Smith; lor Hopewell, Zfhuloii lleston and John Parks, and for Nolliii'rliam, William ICiiiley and 
llicliaid W ild'_'o()s. 



•)•) 



TIIK (ITV OK TltKNToX. 



At M session .Maivli .'illi. 17(11;, Ainlrcw llratli ami Niclmlas llrciwn have licenses fnr l<cci)in.ir a 
eiiiiuiiiiii vietualiiii;-linuse. 

In .lune, I70(i. the Ovei'seers of lliiiliways were seleetiMJ : .Maiileniiead, .Juslnia Andei'son, .Tolm 
Hart. Sr. ; If(i]ie\vell, Jonathan Davis, Jr.. Aiirahani '{'eniple ; Nottini^hani, Thomas ( Jiii)erthor|ie, 
Isaae Watson, .laspei' Smith. a< Constalile for .Maiiliaihead, was eajieil, as was /ehiijon Ileston. 
Constaliie for IIo|ie\V('ll. 

,\t the sessions, 1 )ei-emlica- KUli. ITttC). tlie Constaliles seleeted were: .Maidenhead. liolit. Laii- 
nin.e' ; llii|ie\vell. I'Jioeh .\nderson ; .Nottintrham, W'm. Watson. 

In .March. 17n7, iMioeh .\ndcrson, (!onstahie of Ho|ie\veli, was excused, and William Watson 
wa^ linec] lOs. for not " clnisinir a lift man for Constalile." 

Ill 17<l7. .lohn ('lai'k. (ieiit.. is mentioned as heini; of Ho|iewell. "Samuel Oldal [e] eoni|ilains 
that he was not paid for liuildin^' a lirid^e over .\ssun|iinek Creek, it is orderi'il that 'rheo|ihilus 
I'hillips John r>ainlirid<:e John Clark i^' Cajit. Hunt to assess persons in Hopewell i^- .Mai — (who 
have not suli~crilH'd )" 

.\t the March sessions, 170'^, TTcury .Miislion was selected C'onstahle for .Maideidiead, .\lexaniler 
Lockhart for Hopewell, and William Iteaks for N'ottinjjham. In XottinLdiam. William (inicksall 
and Mahlon Stacy wia'e selected as Overseers of the Highway, and William (Ireen and Jonathan 
Hinl as Overseers of the I' • I'm- Hopewell. 

The followini;' t.ax was Laid upon the townships, in 1 70S, for repairiiiir the Court House: 
.\niwell, ll's. ; Hopewell. C, 1 Os. ; Mai. Icnhi-ad. C, : Xottiiitrhani. C. which Maidenln'ad and 
Hopewell refusecl to pay. 

In 170'.l, the Constaliles selected wci'c : .\niwell. .Ino. .Vrhni'tin: .Maidenhead. Timothy IJakei- ; 
Hopewell. Thomas Smith ; Xottin;_'-liam. Samuel K.idford. ()versei'i's of the Hi^hwavs were : Hope- 
well, .Irihn i'",l\' and William (Irccn. 

.\t the <i'S>ions. .lune. 17ni). I'eter l.eistel' and Joseph Stout Wel'e selected as Collectol's for 
Hopewell, and .lohii jIvciK' in like ollice foi' Maideidiead. 

l'>y act of .\ssemlily, passed to jirovide for the " Destroying of wolves, panthers, crows and 
hlackliirds,"' it was pnn'ided that money he raise<l liy the townslii]>s for this pnrjiose, and that 
colli'ctors he appointed. The followiii'j: assessments were levied: .XottiiiLdiam. £'1; Hopewell. Ci; 
Maidenhead, CI lOs. ; Amwell, CI. In Nottingham, Thomas Tindall and William ICmley were 
appointed Assessors, and Rohert I'earson, Collect<ir. In Hopewell. William (ireen and Jonathan 
Da\is wi're .\ssessors, and Daniel Howell. Collector. In Maidenhead. Ralph IFunt anil Itohert 
Layning were .Vsses.sors, and Jaini's Price, Collector, and in .\niwell. .lohn Reading, Sr.. anil .lohn 
Wilkinson, Assessors, and Samuel (Ireen, Collector. 

Till' two road description- which follow h.ive an especial interest, as they were the main 
highways hy which (he l""alls people reached the Sourlaiid mountain region : 

Hopewell Dec 2(i, 1707. 
.\ Highway from .Maiileiiheail through Hopewell. Beginning at the said road near Shahaconk 
in .Jonathan Davis land to a Spanish white oak marked on west side, then to .\lex Lockarts land to 
a lilack oak tree in his line thence to corner of Henry Holes Land i^' thence lictween them to corner 
then straight to .loseph Hill's a- marked to .lohn Huirows to Rlack oak marked •'' notches in .los 
Saeketts hreadth 2 rods. 

Tho l.amliert \ 
.lohn ( 'lark - Com 
Theo I'hillips) 



Hopewell Nov 1. 17()S 
a Road 4 rods liroad, from two oak trees on S. W. side Rogers Road thence to white oak 
on S. \\ . side Jacob Reeders land, thence direct as may he to hlack oak marked hetwixt Jon. Davis 
I'i: Alex Loekerts, voiding the Davis land road, thence to .Iose]ih Sackcts thence to I'aioek .Anderson's 
land to hickory tree marked in a valley in Anderson's land thence to 'I'homas Winderman's land. 

In August, 1711. Mahlon Stacy sold his jilantation of eight Inuidreil acres, lying on hoth sides 
of the Assanjiink creek, on the Delaware, to Colonel William Trent, of Philadelphia, who removed 



TIIK CITY <)1' TliKXToN. •>:>, 

to Tiviit.iii sli.irtly iillcr, and Imilt llic iiiaiisi..ii imw in tlir u,-,ii|.nn. y ni Ivluanl II. Slnkrs. \\ 
suliscqiK'ntly hrl(,n,!;.'(l In I )|-. Dani,! ( uxc ami was kn.iun as llic l',lo.,nisl.in-y fann. 'I'li,. Iinaiil- 
housc was the Imildin- sitiiat.' ,,n tli.^ .nni.r .,r Market and IHiun slivrts, near lli,- ual,i-|,.,u,r. 




- . M'^m-mMii-...^ 



niiiMiii 



wnmrirm 






i\ l'"i I. I.' ^••^^ " Wm h.i. \ \s \ ,' 1721 IWIV 



The adviait of Coldnrl 'rrciil was nf Lii'i'al ini i.oilancc td ■■ 'I'lic l''all.-." tor frum liini tlic i:ann- 
iif tlir city, Ti-cul-tciw n, is drii\rd. It is tradili'mal lliat at tlii.- linir a dix ii--iiiii was had a^ tu 
wlictlici- tlir |ilai'i' slinidd lie called ^'a I'dti i\\ n. in linniir of William ^'al■d, m- 'iViaitcin. ilutli Ini- 
iai]iliiiiiy anil un account of tlic distinLiiiisJicd |inic|ia-cr ilic latlci nomenclature was adoiiled. anil 
the scttlenient liecanie Tieiitoii. ■''Idic j-'alls" was not di'o|i|ied lor vcai's — in Tael. was in eonniioii 
use until tlie Uevolutioii. 



^••:^ 



d^^ 




CIIATT 



l.ll'l-; IN IIIKNToN IN 'I'llK ((il.(»NV 



SiiMK IvXIKAi'TS I'ltuM llli: I'ulv-S ( 'or NTIOl! I'lnTI \( ; AMI lIii|{SI>:-STi;AI.I.Nii I'ifol'F.KlV Sales- 
Si, AVKKY AMI iin: l!i:i>i;Mrriii.M:i!> — Sumk l^Al!l,^■ Imhstkiks — Rkcouds hv 1'"hi:.-iiets- 

SlDI'.I.K. Ill's (IN Till; I, III-: u|- TIIK I'lOnl'l.l-: 'I'lIK TKIiNInN 'I'dW N I'liiDlC. 

''M 

>t>>;;*^^ 1 1 1-. lll^|(l|;^ .il Irniliiri woiilil In- iiiciiiii|ilrtc ucrc not sniiic rctcrriu-c innilc to 

J tlir life (if till' |icii|ilc during; tlmsc tiini's whirli nrr sliriMiilcd in tin- mists <if 

trailitimi. Frcun tlu' iic\vs|ia]icrs, wliicli. after all. uirc tlir tnirst iiiii'mrs of 

ciildiiial I'xistriii'i', a IVw cliaractcristir i'xccr|its have lircii niailr wliicli, liricllv. 

uill </wv siiiiic idea lit' Triiitiiiiiaii- I'liihi 1 7'_'"i til 177-">. CiTtain pliascs nf life 

have liccii j;rnuiicil iiiiilcr r<|iri-ial liiailiiius fur iiiiut ra<\' ivfiTriici' and arc 

scli'ctcil friiiii tlic rcniavkalilr lullrrtinii made liy Williaiii Xclsiui, Ks(|uifc, of 

i ^ I'atcrsiin. Scrn-tary nf tlir Nr\\ .Insiy iJistnriial Smicty. Fiirtlii-r and nmrc 

Q) claliiifatc references may In- fiuind in N'oliniiis XI., XII. 1st Series nf Xcw 

Jersev Areliives. 




t'dlNTKKKKITINi; .\Nli Hni;si;-STK.\ 1,1 ,\(;. 



'I'lic two crimes iif ciiliinial days in wliicli the |iiililic were tlie must interested were cuunter- 
feitiiii: and Imrse-stealinii', ISntli uf these came diiectlv liuine tu the |ieu|ile. The ecunnmic jiuliev 
of (ireat Ilritain in de|ilctinu- tiic I'ruvince uf uuld, silver and cu|j|ier muncy, necessitated the 
issiiaiUH' uf ]ia]ier hills uf credit. These were frec|Heiiily juiurly |irinted and consequently easily 
imitatcil. The uninhahited wuuds of the smith and the hill c luntry uf the imrth furnished am])le 
(>|iliurtunity fur cduntevfeiters tu carry un their ii|ieratiuiis. The money wa-^ readily put in circu- 
latiun ill the market and fair towns, and. with no secret scr\ice. the i;uverninent had ixreat dillicultv 
in capturinuf the well-urf;anized iranu-s of money-makers. 

In days when horses were |iraetieally the only means of conveyance, stealin.u of these animals 
was a serious crime. To show the gt'iieral as]iect of these crinies, the foUowinix citations are made : 

Duriui,' Se])temlier, 1727, the '•.Vmcrican W'l'ckly Mercury " states that one Thomas Wriirht, 
iiliiis Smith, a weaver, claimini; to he horn in Maryland, hut haviiii; lived on Lonjr Island and in 
New 1'aiL.dand "and traded from one ImiiI of the Country tu the uthcr."" was in Trentun prison. 
He was arrested on susiiicion of stealini.' a " Hay Sallion." 

On the si.xti'eiith of Seiiteinher, 17'i7, there was "Taken away hy Force on the JIii.di-l!ude 
lietweeii 'Prciit-Tmru and Ilristol,'' a saddled liranded. small liav hurse. The thief is descrihed as a 
"Short Fellow with a Pea Jacket."' The hurse was in the care of a " yoiini: Fad named .lames 
Sanilers. lielonjiiiiij to William HantofT, liaker." 

In the "American W'i'i'kly Merenrv," Oetolnr. 1721). -lames (lold. of Trent Town, is spoken 
of as one to .udve a reward of ."lOs, for a Yorkshire Imrsi', strayed or stolen from I'reeland's pasture, 
at Inian's Ferry (New Brunswick). 



THE CITY OF TltKNTOX. 25 

On ()ct(i1)cr 22(1, 1 7o2, 13('njaiiiiii Smilli, nf Trmt TdWii, was i-nhlird of a " lar;;i' |)a|H'll lmvv " 
■Aud a <laik-lini\vii lici|-sc. Tlir latter hail ■■[\\n slits in his olT ICar, and unr liind Kn.it white." 
I'"i\e |iiiunils rrwaril was ulTei-eil in the " Merenrv. ' ' 

in Aiiril, 17")0, the hunse uf William Dnuglass "at 'i'lvntnn Lamlini;-," was rulilieij, as well as 
his shailii|i, from wliieh ^vas taken a *' I'ieee nf Hdllanil." 

As an intniduetinn tu the suhjeet uf eunnterfeitini;-, an ail\erti-emeiit is cited whieh shows tlie 
needs of a medium of exehan^e and the manner in \\ hieh the Colon \- wa< iniei-uiii!.' from the eondi- 
tions of liai'ter and ti'ade. 

In the •■Ameriean Weekly .Mei-eui-v," l'"eliniai-y L'Cilh to .M:iiih hlh. ITJO-ll, is to I.e fuund 
a notiee from the firm of Tlmma-; lliiotuii :ind William Atlie. limitim: their dehtoi-s to .Ma\- l-I. 
1711. for ]iayinent. Otherwise suit will he ln-ouuht. In the .aiKertiseineiit, .\tlee " |ii-oi.osi's with 
.lohn l)a;:\Miithy, jun, to eontiniU' Store in 'rreiitou, to m11 ehea|i aial huy and sell onlv for readv 
.Money." 

In tlie " [Pennsylvania Cazette," .Mai'eh, 17ol-:i2. is to he found an aeeount of a stranucr who. 
in [lassini: tlii-oiiL;h llnrlinuton, ehaniied two eountei-feit (is. .h'i>e\' hilN '■of ihe small sort.'" He 
was ea|itured in a hoat lioiiiL;- to Tniiton and was eonveyed tlienee to the j:iil at Hurlinetoii. 

Henry Vaycr, a eouiiterfeiter of .lersey i nrrent money, ;ieeiiriliiii; to the ■• I'eiinsvlvaina .Jour- 
nal," of .July 2Sth, 17-h'^, was eiindenna'd to die .ind was exeeuted in Tienton on the ICith of thai 
month. "The iiovernnient is detei-miued to e.xertt itself in deleetiiii; and |imiishinL; this t;rowin<.' 
evil." 

,\n aihertisenieiit apiieais in the "Pennsylvania Cazette," in .hmuarv ami [■"ehru.arv. 1712— J.'i 
tiiandiiiL; one alleL;i'd ".lohn ."-iiieiieer late of Ti-entuu " as a fori;er of Mar\l,ind hills of exehauiie. 
lie is thus iiraphieally deseiilied : "has Inst two of his U|i|ier V<>\r Teeth, we.-u's a hrow n Coat, an<I 
a short lirii\\n hoh \\"\is, has a Cold ehaseil Wateli and rides a lai-^e hlaek iiaeini; Horse with .a Star 
in his I'^iirehead. * ■■■ * Is mneh addieted to Camilla;." 

The Tnaiton .Tail, at tliat time, w hei-e the |irisoners \vere usu.ally eonlined, was not a verv 
seciu'e huildinii. 

( )n .Inly 2(ltli, I7o2, aeenrdinLi to the "Pennsylvania Ca/.ette," three pi-isoneis hrnke Trenton 
.lail. They Were. lohn LauLiford, an .Mlentown liuteher. " ennimnidy weai's a l-"lamiel .l.nket laeed 
liefore ; hi' was horn in ( lid I'aiuland." There was ,dso Mdwaid Puller, who pri'leuds to he a shoe- 
maker and tinner h\- ti'ade, of Lout;' Island, and " di'.'iw lim; in his .'-^iieeeh. " The third was Wari'eu 
liarr, an Irish cooiiei', foi'merh' ferry-kei'|ier " ik ft nhun l)elawai'e j-'alls nn Ihe .lei'M-v kiiI,.'' ,\11 
three middle at;ed and iii'eat lovers of di'ink. Thii'tv -hilliuLi's a|iii'i'e and I'laMiiiahle ehai'nes were 
otfered for their return hv Kiioch .Vnderson, .li'., Suh-.'-^herilT. 



Pi;o:'I':i:ty S.\i.1':s. 

The ti'ansfei' of [irojiertN', hv \irtue of |iulilie ,'id\ ertisemenl in the eolnnial |iress, is of j^reat 
interest to the .seeker after eeuealoirieal inform.'itinn. To show the extent of local hnldinus and the 
increase in jiropertv values, as well as to Incate eai'ly ownei's, tin- newspaiiers ai'e of u'reat intei'esl. 
A few extracts follow : 

In the ■' Pennsvh'ania ( la/.ette," 1st of -Id mo., 1 72'. I. is the folluwimr ai Pert isem cut that a house 
and ferry wi-re ''to he Let on the River of Dduiidn ahove the I'^alls, eommoidy call'd Heath's Fcrrv 
witli an Orchard adjoiniuL', and coiivenieney for uettiui: I'"ire W'ooil.'' .lames ( lould, attorney, or 
Francis I)Owes would iiive infoi-matimi. at Ti-entoii, as to the tei'ms. 

" To he LFT 

".\ Plantation Thi'ei- Miles aho\e Trillion near the I'"erry ahove the l'"all-. one nnle frmn Vni-illiif .i 
old Mill and '■', from his new one eoiitaininL;- ahout .'iHO .\eres, with a larL'c stone House, Ham 12 
Acres of Oi'chard 2')() .\cies of Cleared Land, and a share in a I'^isli ]iond eillier at shares or Iveiit. 
Enijuire at Cajit. ./innis (Imilil nl TrcnUni.'' — " I'einisylvania Ca/.ette," Se|itemiii'r, 17M1. 

The .\meriean .Menurv (.Vuirust Sth-P'ith, 172.'!) contains an advertisement of the sale of two 
dwellinif-houses and an acre of land ([iresmnahly curtilage) hclonf^'ing to Peter Pumme, of Trent 



2(\ 'I'llK CITV OF TUENTON. 

Town. Tlu' sale was tn lie cimductcil liv .Tiisc|ili I'cacc. These properties joined "Allliartus Ring- 
gos Land near Mr. Ti'i^nt's Mill." 

In the "American We^'kly Mercury." January, 17^)•'>, (ieorjie Mason, of l*hiladel]ihia. adver- 
tises for sale " sundry Tracts of Land one eontainint;- oOO Acres of very good Land." This was 
u|ion Whitekelock creek and near |ii-operlies of Thomas W'oolverton and (Jeorge Fo.x ahove the 
'•Falls." 

In Trenton, according to the " I'ermsylvania (la/,ette" of Mai'eh 2'^th. 17-'>4. I'liilip Kingo 
offered for sale a stoni' house and hit of thi'cc-fourtlis of an acre, and another lot and o|-chai-d of 
nine acres, ■■hoth which l.otts are scitualcd in Trenton in New Jersey." .\|i|ilication could he 
made for tei'ms of sale to J'hiHp Uingo, in .\mwcll. or Conielius liingo, in Trenton. I)r. Hall add.s 
in one of his extracts : "It lies in a verv convenient part of the low n for any niannei' of hnsiness, 
hcing near the mill." The last citation is fj-om tin.' Mtrniri/, May Kith, 17-!(). 

.\ Nottingham plantation, ahont fotn- miles from Trenton, is olVered foi- sale in the ■■ i'cnn- 
svlvania (iazi'tte," -liilw 17-M. ( Inc of the i|Ualitics of this farm was a " lai'gc (Quantity of 
^leadowing. " 

Sanaiel IJustill, of llurlington, and .fohn Coxe, of Trenton, two of the executors iumIci- the last 
will of I>aniel Coxe, hcing cmpowci-cd to sell his land, give iiotici' to cci'tain settlers through the 
colinnns of the ■' l'cinis\ l\ania (la/cttc," Scplcmhci'. 17-")'-l. 1 )anicl Coxe owned two tracts '"com- 
moidv known hv the name of the .'JD.OOII and l.").()lll) .\crcs Scitnatc in Hopewell and .Mai<lenhead 
in Hunterdon ('ountx'." Those scttlci's who had not pnrchascil oi' leased of 1 )anicl Coxe dming his 
lifetime were instructed to ••conic and agicc for the lands * * •■- or that they (piit tlieir 
ri'spective Possessions oi' \ield np tin' same to the Ivxi'cutoi-s liy the Tenth Day of Novemher next." 

The •■.\mcrican WcikK' Mcicmy." Scptcndici'. 17">'.t, advertises the sale of a thl-cc-humli-cd- 
aere tract in iluntei'don county. William .\tlce, mcivhant. of Tivnton. conhl gi\-e purchasers all 
necessary information. 

The '• i'ennsvhania Cazcttc" of .Mai-cli I'lth. 1 7-">'.)- 10. gives an ad\-ertiscment of Ilopcwell land 
for sale. Thomas Clarke and Joseph I'cace. of Trenton, are mentioned as agents. 

In the •■ i'ennsvlvania (iazctti " foi- .Imic 7ih, 1744. apjicars an advertisement of -lane .\tlcc, 

.administratrix of \\'illi.-mi .\tlcc. wl ITci's foi- sale a house, lot, stahles. stage wagon, live horses, 

•••A Servant .Man's Time for tliicc 'N'ears. hcing ns"d to ilrive said waggon, and '.l-A acres of land half 
a mile out of town." The lot had a spring and was •• lit for a Tanyard." 

I'jioch .\nderson. in the '•Pennsylvania .lomiial." .hnic. 171^. olTers for sale a dw ellingdmnse 
in Trenton, with garden, on the "Street that leads directly to New Yoi'k." .\lso ••two Lofts 
opposite the Pi-eshitcrian Meeting-I louse. " Suhurhan tiinhcr land was also to he disposeil nf. 

In l'"eliiaiarv, 17l'_'-l-'>, Thomas ( 'adwal.adcr. of Trenton, olTcis foi' sale 7111) acres of wdodland 
within a mile and a half of the town. < »ii lliis tr.ict was "a very good Com inieiicy to cn-ct a 
Forge or ( Irist Mill, it hcing on the same Sti-cam on which Trenton Mills stand." 

William Morris, in 17l<i. olfcrs for sale sundry lots on Ilaiiov-cr street. I"> x 117 feet, a lot on 
(^neeii street and a lot on King street, in Trenton. 

In 17'")(), the .\lcxander Lockhart plantation, near Tr<'nton. on the Sc-ots Road, adjoining the 
"old Mcetingdiouse lot." and the Charles Clark hoinestcad, were olTcrcil for sale. .hilm Cox. of 
Trenton, w'u.s the agent. 

In. lime. 17-"')0, was olTcrcil a |ilantatioii of ■2'iO acres, within a mile of Trenton, .\moiig the 
attractions were "a large new framed harrack. ami a line yottng hearing orchard of eyder fruit.'' 
Josej)li Worrell was the agent. 

"William IIoiT, in 1740. olTers a two-story hrick house in Trenton, near the grist mill, fronting 
on '■ two verv pulilic-k streets" and "hath a good Spring hefore the Door." ( )n the liftienth of 
Octohcr. of this yi'ar, "at the House of Thomas llai'iics at Trenton" was sold ■2.'2-'<7 aca'es of 
Hunterdon county land at Piiintiinc. 

In 171-'), eighteen onc-fourlh-acre lots on Second street w ere otfcred for sale I ly F;phraim lion- 
ham, of Phihnlelphia. 

In John P> I's lottery, at Philailelphia, in 174(i, among the prizes were eight lots, .">()x Iti-'), 

on the main street, at Cl") each, showing the valui- of Triaiton property at that day. 



THE Crrv OF TKKXTo.X. 



•£t 



C'lii.DXiAr, Pi.A\i:i,'V IN" 'l'i;i',\rii\. 



liiiriiiL; till' (lildiii:!! ]iiriii(l, sl;i\ri-y in Xcw .Icrscy was a lliMi-,MiL:lily-|-cr(ii.nii/c(l insliliitidii. 
In the l'iii'inali\(' iicriml (jf |iiiivincial rxi^lcncc, sn niiuli ha> lucn wiitlm iiiiK'ciMiiiii:- tlir sla\(i'\- of 
nciiriirs ami Iiiilians tliat i>|i('(ial n-IVrrncc lin-c wuiild lie sii|Miilniius. 'I'lici-c is uiir pliasc nl' this 
question ajipcarinL;- U|"iii tlir surface (if 'I'itiHuh life in pre-Uix iiliiti,inai-v ila\> that is uurtli\- df 
mure than ]>assinL; nientiun. It is llial uf ■• while slavery." TJic lahm- of iieLM-oes in New Jersey 
haileertain ilrawhaeks. The eliiiiate wa- tuo i-iiiuinns fur a sueees<ful |jer|ii'lnal imi of the race. 
Aiiain, the net;r(i was ton lai'udy a " machine, " lacldiiL; in an\' executive ea|iaeilv. and, in aijihtion 

the liuhhe feareil the ci msci | Hence iif smlilen iiUlhreak: 'Mm-ji-ii i-idts," as tlie\- Uerecalleil. 'I"he 

Iteil ^[an, small in nnmhers, nnaccustdnieil td toil ami ia|iiill\' ile(a'easini: in nnmliei's. hv iid means 
sn]i]ilieil the ranks. ( die cdui'se was d|icn .ind that w as llivdniili the ini|idrtatidn of " white sla\-es,'' 
as they wci'c called. These ■'ferni sei-\ant,-,' or " redem|il idncr>," were reiaaiited fi'dui all eondi- 
tiims (jf lifi' in till' llritish Isles, fi-nni the Khine N'.iIKa- and nllici- parts uf k;in'ii|ii'. Thev were uf 
twii classes. ■■ I mleiitured " .ami ■■ l'"ree- Willi is." The ■■indentured" sia-\aiits were tlmse i'jiL:lish 
men and wiuiien. net tu meiitiun Imys and uirls. w Im -^iTI llicmseKcs fur their |ia^sai;'e-miinev in 

hu]»' uf fimlini;' hetter fuitinie in .Vima^ica. Su wides|iread ilid the ciistiHii hec c. that in I'aiiilaml 

jiersiins urbanized a husiness uf pi^uian'inL;' ser\'ants under s|ieciuns ]iruniises uf i^rcat wealth fur lahur 
jicrfonned. 

The " free-willers " were tliuse \vliu alluwed sliiiJ captains tu ti-aiispurt Ihem tu .\nii-riea. 
These ser\'ants aLireed that if tliev did nut suci-ecd in scciu'Iiil; eniplu\'ment mi tlicii- uwn I'undiliuns 
they euiild he sulil fur a tii'm uf years, the captains haviiii; a lien n]iuii their liudies. .Much munev 
was made hy tlicsi' ca]it:nns, in that tlie\' w i mid nut alluw the ■ ■ free-w illers " tu l.-ind in .\iiicriea 
and uhlain wurk, hut kept them uii liuard upun ti^umped-up chnrLics. 

The sale uf the ■■time" uf rei leii i pi iuuers was a fi-e(|iienl ucenri'ciicc, and .'ittracted thelarsre 
plan tat iun-uwners fur miles aruund the w harves uf cities w here the sales usually uceiirred. 

The redi'mptiuiier's lut was usually an unhappy uni — in fact, as I'^llis, in his " I>etters fruni 
.\meriea." (|Uiite(l in ]\Ielick's "Stuiy uf ,\ii ( )ld I'^arm," plainly shuw^. .\s the "(ime" uf the 
white slave was transiiait and that uf the ne^i-u ur red man permanent, the redemptiuners were 
ground duwn iindei^ a t\'rann\' worse than that of Enypt. 

These sla\es, lilack, white and red, frei|Uently ran away fi^oni their masters. Cilatiuus fruiii 
the iiewspaiiers, where Trentunians lust their ■'men" and "wnmeii." are made su that the matter 
may he seiai undia^ all its phases. 

Th(i-e ran away frum William 'I'aid, uf Ti-cutun, \u\iiiiImi- ."itli, 1 7l''_', a iicLiru. I'ransh Manuel, 
thus desci'ihed : ■■ ( )f a prett v tall Stature and speaks iiHlilTcient haii^lish. lie weai's a dark cu lured 
liunic~|iuii ('uat. :in n/cnl ni'j .l.ieket, uld Leather lirccehes, Sliei'p riis-et stuckim^s. new Sliues and 
an old llevcret Ilal. He preliaided fui-ni(rl\- tu he a k'l^ceman and had I'asses. ••■ ••■ ••'• The said 
Xej.'ro has told >ince he has run away That he had found a hody of ( )i-i' fur his Master and that his 
Master had ;;i\'eii him fi-cc." k'ni'ty shilliiitis reward ulTered in the ■■.\mcric,an Weikly .Mi'r<'Ury," 
Xuvemhcr |:,tli, \11-1 

.\ceurdim: tu the ■■Xiw ^'m^k (lazette." .Ianu:iry ISth, 1 7u^-, <irill'ee .lunes. servant of .Tosejili 
lieed. of Trenton, ran aw.iy. •■ llee had on an old Canililct Cuat and hlue DulVels Cuat with hl;iek 
Linini;' and 'I'rimmiiiL; .-uid l.cathia^ Hi-ccches '■'■'■ '■'■'■ '■'■'■ and an uld l'>ea\ei' Hat." 

Fur .VuLMist. 1727, the ■■,\nierican W'eekK' Mei-cur\' " cuutains an ad\ertisement uf a ruii.iwav 
servant man fi^uni .Mexandia^ Luckhart. uf Trentuii. His name was Thomas (IrilVe, of Wales, 
]irohali|y a niliiiiiiiinnir. and was .■ej-cd aliout forty years. 'I'lius is he deserihed : " He h.ath uii a 
hruwn culuui^'d ('uat uf humespun I )rutr.i.''et, a liuinespun euurse Sliii^l a pair uf homespun striped 
Hreeehes, hlue and white stripes, a ]iai]' of old hlaek Stix-kint;-. with old Shoes, a Hat Hat »V' of |uw 
stature, a hlaek Jieard and JIair grey JIairs mi.xt amongst his Hair hut most .L^rey Hairs on the lop 
of his H.a.l." 

Kiehard Noland, of Trenton, 1 7o7, missed his Trisli servant, .\rlhur Holland, of many aliases 

and '■ tlie J^)roLMie on his 'J'oiigue." ''Had on a new hlewish eoluur'd Hruggel Coat anil .Jacket 

* '■'■'■ * and an old Carolina Hat." 'I'lie same paper states that on the thirlielh of .Xoveniher, 

17-'>7, Mr. Warrell's Scotch servant, .\i'ehihald Kier, ran away at night. " He wears a Wi.trg. pitied 

witli tliu Snmll-l'ox, talks ju'etty broail Scoteli and writes a tolerahle good hand." 



28 



TlIK (MTV OF TKHXroX. 



William Smiuiliii, ol' 'l'rriiti>ii. in tin- ■■.New ^'(l^k (la/,rttr," Nnvciiilici- I'ltli. IT-'lii, advi-rtiscs 
for 'I'liailyiiiack l)(iiiayl, his si-rviiii;- man. 

•lames .Macicbriilc. aucd almut lucnty-hvn y(^nrs, ran away durinji Anirnsf, M'.Vl, from Klicum 
.\nilii-s(in. living' at Ti-cntown Ferry, lie is tlins frra]>hieally deserihed in a current i.ssiie of the 
'"Weekly Mer<ui'y:"' ■•.\ tall Man has little nv no Heard. I'oekfretten. [[<< llaii- '■'• * * no 
stoekin<.'s •■• '■'■ ''■'■ a l''elt li.at Coekt up \ery shar|i. Mue (li-ey Home spun Di-utruct Coat with 
Brass iJnttons." Twenty shilliniis was the reward oll'eii-d for this caricature upon humanitv. 

On the lii'st of .Inly, 17-!'i, ihci-e I'an away from the llopewi'll plantation of men-hant .loseph 
liecd, of Ti'enton, one William Denim, a ~er\ant. arid hy trade a tailor. Three pounds rt'ward was 
offered. He is deseriliecl as ■' lusty well niade weai's a ilark hrown Coat, sometimes a Krown Hol- 
land l'"i-ock and Shirt llullleil in the llosoni. speaks iidod iMiiilish." — From the " I'ennsvlvania 
(iazette," .1 uly, 1 7'.'>2. 

[{oliei'l I'eirson, of .\i it t i I il: ha m. neai' Trentim, ail\'ei-|i<es in the " New ^'ork (iazette."' undci- 
the date of ()(|(ilier ■'stli, 17-">-!, fo|- his rmi.iway iicliI'o. '■.I.aek." He was a "lusty. .~tout well set 
fellow. '■'■'• '■'■■ ■'■'■ He hail mi when he went away a dark hrown straii;ht hodied Coat, with iSrass 
huttons, a liiilit eolnui-ed ui-eat Coat two homespun Tow .shiiMs, two Pair of Drawers, a Pair of 
Oranjic ('oloui-ed Stoekin<rs." 

The ■• Pennsylvania Ca/.ette," on the eiijliteenth of January, 17-">S, notes the runaway, on tlic 
(lav hefore Chi'istnias then last past, one John Bowls, servant of Josejih Decow, of Trenton. 
Piowls was hy trade a shoemaker, and wore "unod Leathei' lireeehes, with ln-ass I'lUltons. a line 
IJnnen Shirt, dark urey worsted Stockiuirs, half worn peeked toed Shoes, a white Witr. uood Hat, 
an<l generally wears a Silk Handkerchief loosly ty'd ahout his Neck." 

.\ communication to the " Pennsvlvauia (Iazette" sjieaks of two nei;'roes hcini;' imprisoned in 
Trenton in l'\'hruary, 17-'>7— ">>i. Tlic^y were ahout to jiersuade another ne^ro to jioison his master, 
anil told their ]irospc<live accomplice that mendii-rs of the Trent and Lamlicrt families and others 
had liecn ■'remov'd hy Ihcii- Slaves in that M.imicr." Asa matter of fact, such was not the cast'. 
The |ioison fotuid on one of the suspected nejirocs was arsenic and an unknow:n rout, 

Ivirly in .Tune. 17-">>>. two ncL;rocs were executed in Burlintrton for poisoning:. In the saniecitv, 
showini;' the clfcct of popular discourse upon such suhjects, a child of five hmii;- himself, savs the 
'' Pennsylvania (Iazette, " .lune Sth-l-'ith. An md<nown man Inmi; himself on the thirty-lirst of 
Mav, at (doiicester Ferry, and a hoy took his own life at the Chester, Penn.sylvania, workhouse, 
alio\it the same time, 

I'nizaheth Biles in 174'.) advertises the loss of her uclmm man, wholiad with him "a larsjce hrown 
diii; with a short tail, mid erst a nils farminir in all its hr, inches, talks jfood l^ntrlish and is this eountrv 
horn," Truly a remaikahlc doi: ! 

In 1711, .lose|ih Decow, "of Trenton, at the l<'alls of the l)elaware." olTcrs £.'> and reasonahjc 
chari!'cs for the I'eturn of Thomas Smith, a servant iiin'icr and taimei-. 

.lames .lohnston, of Ti-eiitnii, is mentioned in a "lunawax'" advei-tiscmcut of March, 174L!-h'>, 
Andrew Bead, of Trenton, is also mentioned Scptemhcr. 174o. as tln' owner of a "runaway."" 

in Octoher, 1 74-'), Thomas Cadwalader, of Trenton, offers a reward for "a Xciii'o Man. named 
Sam, a likclv |-"cllow, euticnl awa\' li\ an appicnlice Isaac Bandall, Thc\' aic supposed to lia\e 
gfine with a Design to enter on P>oaril a Privateer, either at New York or Philadelphia," In 
Noveniher of tliis year .\le.\ander r,oekhard, of Trentmi, advertises for liis mulatto slave "Jack."' 

William Brown, I'ndci- SherilT of thecunnty of II mileidiui. advertises one .loliii Parra, a nm- 
awa\'. If no claimant a]ipcared the jirisoner was to he sold " for defrayinj.' his Charires." 

William Plaskett's servant woman, on a Septemher niidit in 1 747, ran away. She was "some- 
what freckled * * * and slow of speech." Shcwoi'c " a eallieoe trown a hlack fur hat, shaLigcd 
on the under side, with a patch on the crown and an ozeiilirius apron."" 

In May, 171S, .lusepli iiecd's Irish woman ran away. She had a "down look,"" and wore "a 
vard widehird eve chocolate colour and white stulT L:own, a lead coloured i|uiltcd petticoat and a 
hrown homespun cloth cloak and a new-fashioned hlack hath jockey-honuet,"" 

Thomas Tindall, in .\])ril, 1747. advertises for his neirro man Sam, wlmm he had pm-ehased 
from Dr. Cadwalader. In May, 1747, .Vndiew Keed lost his "likely Ncuro Man named Isaac," 
who eould play the liddle. 



THE CITY OF Ti;i:XT()N'. 



20 



On till' twciil y-liftli III' Sc|.tiiiil>('i-. IT^'ST, sci says tlic •' rmnsylvaiiia Oa/.cttc,"" the sia-\aiit man nf 
r.ciijainin Sinilli, of 'riTiitun. I'aii away. lie was an Knulishnian nanicil Williani I )avics. aiivil 
twiaity-tivr. --(if a swailliy ( 'iini|ilrNiiin ninrh I'mk limkrn and nci Hair," 

From till- •■ New -Irrsiy ( lazcttc ■■ is cxtiarnd tlii' f. i|lu\\ in;; iiitiTcsl in^ ailvrrt iscinrnl ; 

"Will lie Sol, I 
"On Satniday tlic lirsl ol' .Innc next I \7X-2) at llir Inaisc nf .i.ijni ('a|ic at llir arms of France, 
in Tivntiiii nine likily ihlmu men latily caiil nrcd liy ('a|ilain Adaiii Ihlcraml Iciiallv ( nuiliainicil 
in tlir ronil of admil'alty. The \(aidu(' tn lif;;in at 1(1 ci'dork 

'■ .lami> Ml ( '. iiiili 

'-.Marshall" 

l''i-i'm cuntcniiiiirafy snun-rs niir learns that llie e.ini-| had assemMed in llnrliii'jtdn on the 
twenty-seecmd nl' May. ('a|)laiii llyli'i', wlm eummanded the ai'nied |iri\aleer ' ■ i;e\i'n--e. " had 
(•a|ituri'd the nine iicLrrnes IVnm the I'.iiti-h entti r ■•.\liil." leiherl While, N.\\ Vnik \n IJermmla. 



Sdmi-: Eai;!,'!' TiMCXTdX rxiirs'ri;ii:s. 

Altli(ni,t;h Trentiin \vas in tlie nddst nl' a fruill'ul eonntry. the advantages nf the Assnnpiid^ 
creek and small trihutary streams I'nr nulls nf varidus kinds, as well as sliallci|i and iMnhani liuat 
navii;atiiin uimii the Delaware, at (niee ini|ii-essed tln' settlers. N'.n-inns attempts were made din-ini: 
the cdlnnial |iei-i(>il tu estahlish mills, some' uf which liecami' tlu' liasis (if the |ii-e<ent niati'rial 
advancenuait of the city. I'^mm 17:J"i tn 1 7">n this is vei-y a|p|>arent, as the snhjuineil excerpts 
from ciint<'mpiii'ai'\' newspapers will show. 

( )ni' iif till' eai'liest e\-idenei's i if ma 11 nfact u I'i hl: ciitcrpi-isc in Tnaitun is tn he found in an 
advertiseinent in the ".\iiierieaii WeekK' Menairv, " Si'|itemhei-, 17-il. Therein it is stah'd that Isaac 
Harrow, an l'Jii;li>h smith, ha- sit up a planiiii; and liladi' mill to make these ^nods : l)rippiiiii- and 
frvin.i;' jians ; i-lialiuL;' dishes; hroad .and f.alliiin' axes; carpentia-s' tools: coopers" tools; tanners", 
curriers' and skinners' knixis ; ditihiiiL:. peel .md common shovi'ls ; garden s|iades ; coopers" axes; 
sinoothing irons; cow hells; hark slia\es ; pot and meltiiii; ladles; fire-shovel pans; clotiiicrs', 
pardcn. irlovers' and sheep shears; sc\'tlies ; mill, (a'oss-iail and hand saws; colTee roasters ; liav. 
fodder and tohacco kiii\-es. Tlieic were siindr\- ollii r iinods not mentioned, likewise iron plates for 
hell-niakinii. 

(JeorLje Howell, lastniakir. of ('hestniit street. I'hiladelphia. or ll.arrow. at Trenton, could 
sn)]plv cnstoniers "at a- reasonahle Kale- .is an\- that come trom I'.iKihi ml ." 

William Moriis. .Jr., at his Trenloii store, oppo>ite .lolm .leiikins. .advertises in the ■■remisyl- 
vania (iazette, " i;<iod rnni li\' the hoLislicad and salt hy the one himdreil luishels at I'hilach'lphia 

price. 

()iithe fonrth of .\piil, 17lo. in ihe ' ' I'liinsy 1 vania ( la/ette, " the '■mansion of the liclict of 
Isaac Harrow of Tnaiton with >liop. lorLii- .and ( 'nurriiii'iiris Jur irnrknii/ tin' lldiiniirr In/ l^'nrci aj ]\ alir, 
prrfrrlnl," with a lar;.;'e liit of land joining .lohn Cox, Joliti .Mien, I'^lisha lionil, Joseph Decow and 
frontiiit;' the i-i\(r road. William Morris, in ■I'renton. is mentioned as on<' of the execiitnrs. 

.\t piihlic veiidin- on the ihird of Septemli(a', 1710, the •■l,-n„ riiill!,,;/ W'nrh, Smiths sho|i and 
all the Tools Moulds foi- m.akiii'.^ l'"r\inL;-pan- 1 li-ippin;.:-p.aiis A-c " ' of Isaac Harrow, were olTcreil 
fof sale. 

In Xovcmhi'r, 174'). the dwellini;-. malt and hrewdioiise and '' I'tcnsils thennnto hclonifjni:," 
with one-fourth of an acre on Kinir sti-cct, Trenton, were olTered for sale. Thomas Ilooton, of 
Trenton I'erry, was the ag-cnt. The Williani .Mice lot of nine and one-half acres, oni' and onc-iialf 
miles from town, was olVeicd for sah' hy .hiiie .Mice. 

'■ TO III I.ICT 

"Oil the FirsI fhn/ (if Xnrcinhir iic.rl, Tin; (irist .^^ills at Tirnlnii, with two small Tenements 

a(lj()iniii<r now in the Tenure of Joseph Peace." Terms were given i>y .Messrs. I'eaee or Tlionia.s 

Soher, nierchant, of I'hiladelphia. — From the " I'ciinsylvaiiia dazette," July '-'(Uii-.Vtlgust '-M, 

1739. This was the Trent mill, huilt on the Assimpink creek site of ^[ahlon Stacy's original mill. 



50 



11 IK ( rrv OF TRENTON. 



l>cnj:iiiiin llilcs, in AiiL;ust. 17"il). utTrrs a Trcutnii taiiyard "wrll arcvistniiicd " willi ■•jiodd 
liark house, iiiill-liDUsc, liark mill, licain Imusc, a (jood .-tiuic lurrviiiL: >lin]i and Icatlirr house, vatts 
enouiih to tan SOU hides, hesides calf skins per year." .\ dwellinu- adjoininjr the tannery, the 
residence lieinir situated on tile wc^st side of Ivinir street, near the ndddle of town, was also ofTere(l. 
A irood uar<len. sui'i'ounded hy a new fence of cedar ]iosts and lioards, surrounded the |>io|)erty. 

In 17.')(), William l'idL;-eon was the ai;ent for the sale of the ware nulls and i)lantation in a 
fertile count rv on the Helaware i-i\-er. six miles ahove Trenton. " lioats carryint;- fifty or sixty 
Casks may load at tin' Mill-Door for l'hil.idel|ihi:i." 

Thomas Cadwaladei-, in the ■■ reunsylvania (iazette" of Aujrust iith, 1750, ofi'i^rs a nine- 

lumdieil-acre tract a nule and a half north of Trenton, with water ami w 1 for "grist mill forire 

or saw mill. * * * The tinilxi- is very lit foi- ship huildinu, or scantlinu' for houses " or c-ord 
wood. Also till' William I )oUL;lass |ilantalion ;idjoininu' the Tuite place ''most i)leasantly situated 
on the ri\ii- Delaware with the additional aiUantaiics of lishini;- fowlin.ii and a line ]irospect." .\lso 
a coiiiei' Inick house on (^ueeu street ■■ in a \-ery puMick pai1 "" of 'I'renton. Thi> liou>e had three 
li'ood rooms on the lowci- llooi', a lai'Lie entry, four gooil i-ooms on the upper lloor and ■■four lodi;inir 
rooms plaiste|-ed in the upiiei'most stoiy," with cellai^, stone kitchen, stahles and jian.len. There 
was likewise twcut\-li\e acres of pasturi' land on the iippei- end of (^uecii street. 



l^Al;l.^' l"iiKsui"i'> 



Tn <-olonial limes, as at pi'csent, the Dclawaie and its phenomen.'i of spi-int:' fi^cshcts were of 
interest to the puhlic. Thus we lind in the ■■ l'ennsyl\-ania (la/.ette," under the caption of a news 

item ilateil Mai^ch Itli. 17:10- 
:>1 : " Fn>m Trenton we Icar 
that the late l'"resli ill I >claware 
raised the l!i\ci- iicai^ ■.^(t foot 
pi-i'peiidiciilai'. " 

\'ery liii;h water meant 
i;reat daiiLier to the walls of 
the mills on the .\ssunpink, 
inasmuch as u]iiai them the 
prosperity of the town was 
hil'L;ilv dependent. Few, if 
an\', prec.iutioiis were taken 
in tho~e da\s teiidiui!' towai'd 
till' piotcclioii of property. 

1 II .\u.-ust, 1 7;!(i, the 
•■Pennsylvania (ia/.ctte'" re- 
coi'ds tlie appearance of a shark 
ten feet loiiu near Hiu'liuiiton. 
On .\hirch IDtli, 17.>!, the 
■■.New KuLdand Weekly .lour- 
nal '" says : " The I'reshes have 
done miii'li Damau'c at Tren- 
towii, that il carried away the Dam of tln' Iron \\dik .V the Dam of the Orist .Mill, liridji^e iC Dyini;- 
Iloiisi', with a larize Copper was cairicd down the Stream iV ahundance of other Damage." There 
were also heavy freshets in the IJarilan, doiiiu great injury to property at New iJrmiswick. Inas- 
much as it took aliout a month for -lei^scy news to reai-h New I'aigland, this Trenton freshet must 
have occurred during the latter pait of {''ehruary. 

In early Fehruary, 17;)(;-;!7, it is recorded in the " Weekly Mercury" tliat the Delaware river 
ice yet remains, hut is " so rotten that several Men ami Horses have hroke through and narrowly 
escaped drowning." In New Ih^unswick, ,t;2,l)l)() damage was done hy freshets in the li.iritan. 




AfiSCNI'lNK CUKKK. 



THE CITY OK TRENTON. 



31 



SlUKT. Kill TS n\ TIM': T.irK (il' 'III !■; l'i:iilM.K. 



That \vc may still clnscr iTacli tlic li r life of tlif |mu|)Ii' of 'I'l'cntdM iliirin-- tlir (■(ilunial 

pcridd, siiiiii' vai'icil extracts arc made which ;:ivc ns the umxl nnd .^il in 11,, • lives of ciiir aiici'st,.|-s. 
Thus the ••Host. Ill Weekly News Letter" in .laimary, 17;;l'. recdids an evidence (jf IVateriial alTcc- 
ti<in occurriiiu' near Trcntdii : ■• W'c hear lYcim ( V(is-\\iek-s in \\'cst-.\e\\-.lerse\- that snine time a^o 
tw.i I'.ruthcrs (|iiarreliiiu the (Hic hit nlY the nther's Kar. It is sii|i|i(.>cd fhevhad heiaitno free 
with Li(|iiiir." 

The ■■ I'eimsylvaiiia, Weekly (lazctte," .lanuaiy, 17-M-:;-_', imles the a|i|icarance uf siiiall-|Hi.\ 
ill New .haxy. Many were iniHielilatcd hut inine ilieil. ■■ hnl lia\e had ami al |irescnt have the 
I)istcm|icr vcr\' easy." 

In cdliiiiial times the visit of thi' (lo\-ernor was an occasion loiiii to he reincmhia'i-d. (Inv-it 
Iionor was dcjiii' His Ivxeellcney, the represcntativ c of (he l'aii;lish llinnii. The |iilurimaLre of 
(lo\-criior Coshy from New ^'ol■k to Uurlinjiton is thus dcMrihed in the "New ^■ork (Ia/.i4te'' in 
its letter from Tiviitoii, Ant:ust olst. IT.'ll : His Kxcellcniy and his wih' after ^'(jini: to I'eiih 
Amhoy hy water — ] iresumahly from New \'ork — were " checrfiiih- entertained h\' ~c\-cra| ( lent Icmiai 
at their Seats on the Uariton." Tin- distim;iiislieil | laity passed on to Kiiiii^hiirv. ■■hi-inL:' att(aidcd 
liy the Chief .lustice and Shcrilfs of Midillisrx and Snnnrsii and were met ha.^ht niilo from this 
place [Trenton] hy the Sh.i-ilfs of lliirliii;ilni, -.wxl I l/nilrrilun and a ui-cat Niimhca-of the principal 
( Maitli'inen and 1 iihahitanis of the Neiiihl" nanu: ( 'oiintics who exprcssM the ut most Satisfaction on 
his I']xcellcncy's Intention of staying' sometinie anioiii; them." The (loxcrnor c\identl\' remained 

ill Trenton until the t« cnty-fourth of Septcmher. for n] that da\' the '■(la/etle" record- the fact 

that "our ( eiviaaioui- with hi-- Lady and family went down to I'.iirliii'iton. " This trip was 
[irohahly made hy ri\-cl--harL;cs, as he was *' met at tin' Water-side hv the I linl Icnien of thi' ( 'orpora- 
tioii who testified thi'ir rieasure in si'<in^ him, \\illiL:reat clcmoiislrations of .lo\-." .\t the house 
of >ray<ir I'earse. of lliirliiiLiton. the Uccoidcr presented a lauilator\' and coiiLiratiilatorv address, 
thaiikinii' His Ivxccllcncy for the honor eonfcrrcil in ercctin;_i lliirliii'jloii into a corpoj-ation. ( l.etters- 
[latent, May 7tli, 17-'>'">. ) The (lovenioi- made a short reply, ti^tifyiiiu to thi esiieiii hi' had for 
Burlintitoniaiis, after \\'liich "a very handsonie lailcrtaiimient ' was L:i\'cn, and His l''Ni-elleiicv 
returiic(l to Trenton. He returned immediately to \c\\ ^'ork, icaehinij there at einlil o'clock on 
Saturday, the tvveiity-ciLihth of Scptemlicr. 17."il. 

In March, 1 7-"i7--'>>', the '■ I'lam.-vh aiiia, ( ia/.ette " rci'ords the sudden ilcalli of Thomas Free- 
man, son-indaw of the late ( ioveriior ( 'o,-h\-. I Ic i> said to lia\i- iiiarrii'd .Miss Coshv in New \'ork, 
17'")'!. It is hclie\ed he was hiiricd in (he I'drst I'reshyteriaii churchyard, Trenton. 

W hilclield, the -Icatc.-t preacher of the colonial period, in the late fall of 17o'.l left New York 
for (it'orf^ia. The " IJoston <iazette" stati'd that on his way over the .Jerseys " he is to ])reach at 
Kli/.aheth Tow 11, iirimswick, M.aideiihcad [1 .aw ri'iice\ ille] and N'l'thaminc" ( Neshaminv ). the latter 
hciii^: ill lliicks county, I'emisvKaiii.a. 

Princeton CoIIcl'c, as is evinced hylhc following newspaper extracts, was much in need of 
fuml.- at the commencement of hci' history: " l'>y ( )rder of the Corporation ■'^- '■^- ■'■■ at a late 
Con\enlioll of the Trustees of t he Col le^c of .\'( (/ ,A;'.s( (/, " the Kevcrcnd l).i\id Cowellaud .\ii(1rew 
Ivccd, of Tri'iiton, were anioii'^ the Liintlemen ■'desired to t.ikc in the .'>iip~criptions and receive 
the Monies of all such piililick ^pirilcd Persons as shall lie willinii to pi-oniolc this worthy a 
])Uhlick I)esit;n," 

Politics were then the suhject of conteiilion. Thi' ".\iiiei-icaii Wcikly Mo'cury"' notes the 
election of miiiihei> (jf .\ssemhly from lliirliniiton county in ()ctolier, 17o^. All the southern 
portion of 'i'i-ciiton was then in IJiirliiiLilon counl\'. .\ i-ontcnt ion haxim: arisen hetween the electors 
of the upp( r ami lower pails of the county, the elect ion was ei)ndncted foi- three i la \ -, in a '■candid 
and i)eaceahli' .Manma' * '-'^ '■'■'■ nor was then' an\' reapinij: of Characters, or usiiiu' of CaiK's in a 
Hostile Manner on oim' another." 

.\s a commentary upon the liealtlifiiliicss of Ticnli^n and vicinity, the " New ICnirland Weekly 
Journal," .July oOth, 17oo, speaks of one Daniel Kohius, of IIuntei-<lon comity, as "an instance of 

tlic ll(,'altli, Constitution and {''ruitfulness of our .North . I /»'■('/'■" liorii ] pic." itohiiis was tlieii 

aged ahiMit si.xty-six, and he lately Inivelud forty miles a day "rather than ride an easy Horse." 



32 



I' I IK iVVY ol' ■ntKX'I'OX. 



( )t' liis tliirtccii cliildi'cii. clcvi'ii urrr iiiarrii-il. iiihI in i'i,L;litcrii Vfnrs tlii'si' li;iil iiii-n-ascd tn sixtv-two 
iiraiiili-liiMriii. Xoiiruf thrsc had as yet dinl, all liriiii;- in '■llcallli |i(i'l'rct Senses and l.iinlis. 
* '■■'■ '■'■■ Thus it a|)|icars that said Dmiiil Kciliins hath successfully kept and fullllled that (Ircat 
and necessarv I'nnunainhnent nf Miiltijilij ha Frnitjul mul h'ciihdlsli llir Knrtli : In this Wilderness 
C'ounti-y." 

The '"(luack" early hcLian his n<'farii)Us oiieratioiis in and near Trentmi. The "AVeekly 
Mcreui'y," in ()ct(iliei', l7-!"i, wai'ns its I'eaders IVoni its Princeton advices that a t-ertain ]icrs(in (nut 
nanicil), wlm livc's neai' ^■ardley's l''<a-ry, "has \-ery lately Iniiied ()ceulist." An i'X|ieriinent U]iiMi 
Mr. I'.enjaniiii l;aiidnl|ih caiise(l him tn liecdini' "iinite lUind and in threat Pain." The puhlie is 
warncil that tlieyshuuM " lait enipldy thuse wlm will \i\\\ mit hoth their Eves tn niakt' them see 
cleai'ly."' 

The niianhers nl' the Society ol' l'"|-ienils at Trenton who attended ^'eal■|y .Mec'tiiiLC were inter- 
est ei I in the I'ollowinL; ainionncement : "This is to '/wf uotici' to such as come to the Vearlv Meetini: 
at ilurlinutoii. That DukhI .lurixnn i'"uller of llri-^lnl. hath a choice t;ood Pasture of Pi aci'cs, well 
fenced, well watert'd and vei'y ^ood (irass ju<t at the Town's I'lnd. where lloi'ses may he put at a 
Hcasonahle Rate."' — '" Pianisylvania (lazettc," .ViiLiust •_".lth-Septemhei- ."ith. 17-'!4. 

I.oltiaies wci'c the liuancial stanilhv of the timev. In i-elii.^ions life we linil l^lijah Pond, in 
.\pril, 171'"^, was the 'i'renton auciit I'm- a lotlci')' to liuild a hriek steeple and to l>uy a new hell foi- 
Saint Mary's Church. P>urlin;;ton. 

In secular life it iswurthy of mention. anioUL; ollni' pi-opei'ties, John P. 1. of Philadelphia, 

had lots in 'I'renton which were t i he the pri/.es in a lottery, for which tickets wrvr .'Ills, c'ach. .lohn 
.lenkins was the Ti-enton aj^eiit and "Daniel P>eller<;-eau I'ost Itidcr" rcpi-c~eMted the lottery in 
New \nvk. 

In these earl V times soia'ow cami' to the pi'ople as it doc< to-day. Two items are indices of 
casualties, and nad as if written \c"-tcida\'. 

In an e.xti'act finm a Ti-enton letter, dateil .\uL;iHt Ilth. I 7oL', the ".Vmcrican Wi'ckly .Mercury" 
speaks of a noontide "sudden Clap of Thundei'" whiih "stiaick on the House of KlKiiczcr /'r<iiif,'' 
near Trenton. Prout and one William Pearson were sitlinu at the fi'ont door with Prout's only son, 
ahout nine years old. The hoy was killed, his hair hurncil close and hi- clothinL; torn, hut "no 
part of his llody touched.'' The po-|s ami raftiis of the house wci'c shattered. .M r-. I'rout ami hei' 
vouuLiest dauiihter, with Pc:irson. wci'eall much injured. I'lout was not Inn1. 

( )n the iJ 1st of .1 une, 17 lo, two lads, llenjamin and Se\-ci-ns .Mhia'tis, " ij;oin<: in a Camn' to llsli 
near the I'alls, the Canoe o\-erset hy running- at;ainst a l,o>;-," Sc\-crns escaped. .\fter sc\i'ral 
diiys' search Penjamin's lio<ly was found near I!urliuj;ton, 



Tin: Tkiv.nto.n Tow .\ Poor. 



In the ollice of the City ('lerk is a. (plaint, time-staiiicd manusia-ipt folio which deals with 
Trenton when it was a colonial villa;;'e marked h\' an air of indolent i-eposc. which was awakened 
onlv hv the rattle of the occasional mail or the mu-leriu'i of troops on training; day. 

I'ndia' date of .March 1 Ith, l7oo, there is the ipiaintly- written introductory record of a " Towns 
nieetint:- of the Inhahitants of the Township of Trenton"' which was held at the Court House, 
and wdiere town ollicei's were elected. Ill I 7'iii wc find I lirce mads — Miildle, Rodjrers and Itiver — 
need attention, and in Deccanher of that year (:in w.is ordered hy the Justices and Magistrates to he 
assessed for the use of the poor. 

It seems the oM liriduf over t he .\><sunpiiik — prohahly the same one over which \\'asliinL;ton 
rode in triumphal passaLCe to New ^'la-k — :::ive the Justices, Freeholders, Surveyors and Overseers of 
the Roads some trouhle in June, 17'i7. ' )n the twenty-si'veuth of that month it was afrreed that 
Ihirc should he "a stone pillar huilt in the line hetweiai Trenton and N'ottiuLiham for the suppoi-t 
of the long sleepers of ye hridgc' called Trenton hridge.'' So the hridge was repaired. After His 
Majesty's Justices and the Overseers and all the other dignitaries and local "ex])erts" ])ronounced 
the work correct, it was found in 17o'.l that a mistake had hc^cai made, and there was much trouhle 
in haviui;- the same rectilied. 



THE (;:ITV OF TRENTON. 



33 



Nrxt yrar — ITdO — the sum of CfiO was i-aiscd f<ir tlir puur, which ITd.lsaw increased to £S(). 
In the lucantiiiu' thci-c arc alhisiinis tn 1hc I'ciiiiydiwn i I'diniiiiitum. ihi' .Nhiiilciihcad (T.awrcncc- 
ville) roads and the Vnad hi Wilhaiii l!eed"s. 

Animals went astray and eanic to the ncar-hy plaiilatiuns, as the i-ccurds of the Clerk will show, 
not to mention tiie scttiui: down in tnll of '■ cai'-maii<s " of |iromiiien1 residents. Tiiese '•ear- 
marks" were slots, nitches, circles and other de\ices cut in the e.irs of cows. s1h'<'|] and ho<;s and 
wcri^ the colonial |ii-ototy|)es ipf the later ]ilan of hi-andini;' animals n|Min their haunches. 

These were the il.iys of a| i| irent iccshi | ,s, and the following e.\tract, under date of ^lareli ITlil 
shows how the lads fared ; '■ .Mary .Moor .Vufeed to take .hunes Nc'lsou foi- tie' Insiiinjr vear and lind 
him l.odiiiii^ and Oyatat li\c Shillings a Week." 

The suhject of tile poor was always an unsoKcd factoi-, not oid\- in lolonial .New Jersev, hut in 
fact ill all till' de|iendencies from .Massacluisctls Ha)' to ( rcor^i.i. .VII kinds of makeshift le<,nslation 
rcLiardiiii;' the poor were in vojrue. In West .lersey it seems to have hecn ,a L;ame of sliiftin'.f tlie 
hurdcn. and no sooner were poor persons '■settlcij" in one township than attempts were maile to 
throw them upon a neiuhhorinLr township. In .March. 177-1, l)aniil Cl.irk. Charles .V.xford, .Jr., 
and Stacy i'otts jiroposcil to take chai'Li'c of Trenton's pooi- fm- one year. These ;i-entlemin. for the 
simi of ,£lo(). ciintracteil to lind these poor people all neci's-aries except " I'hisick and I )oetorinf.'. " 
They also a.u'rccd to hury th.' ijcad. hut stipnhitcd that the saiil Clark, .Vxford, .li-., and Potts should 
hear no exp<.'nse of lawsuits rc^ardinn settlement. 

The latmors of war liml no place in the records, .and vei-y stramic to sav thi' onlv allitsioii to 
the llcvolution and tin' ti-oiiMous time~ in Ticntoii is found in .\hircli. 177i'i, soon after tln' outhrcak 
of the 8trn,tr,ule. Thus it ri'ails : "This heiiiu the time directed hy the l'ro\iiicial C<injj;ress for 
Cliusiiiir a Conimittee of ()hservation and ( 'oi-respondence, when the follow iiiM- Persons were 
appointi'il ; Doc'tor Isaac .Smith, SaniT Tucker, .\l>i'm Hunt, .lolm ,\liolt, Hcnj. Clark, Dan'l 
Howell. P. I)iekins<in, I'an'l Siiidiler, .\lex. Cliamhers. Uenj. ^■ard, |)a\id Pinkeiton. an\- li\-e of 
which to he a <jiioi-em to transaett Pusiness." 

Indeed, ilurinii' the \-ears from 177li to 17^4. iicarh' all the records relate to the ] r and sums 

raised for their sup]iort. 

In 17>i4, we lind Huntley's run hridiic cost CP_' ISs. 7d. 

In 17'.n the loads uinler the town supei'\ i~ion Ii.kI L;reatl\' iii(a'ea<ed in niimlnr. Tlie\- were as 
follows, with these ( )versiM'rs : '■Town Spot, .Joseph Mcl'iilh ; I'cmiiiiLiton road. Ilichanl Palmer; 
Scots road, ('apt. Israel ('orle; lower p.art of l;i\(a- load, Uaiiicl Mei>hon ; upper part of Piver 
road, {'.enjamin .lones ; Slialiaconk road. Isaac llowell." 

Till' leurislative incorpor.ation of Trenton, in 17'.*-!, hrinii.- the volume to .i close. 

.V final entry, iiiidia' d.ali' of .liiiie. 17'-M, is |)aiiiculaily apropos, and is the lirst allusion to thai 
ri\iilet of local eelclifity — " Petty's nin." In those days that stream rose in the lowlands hack of 
till' town ; its jnirc, limpid water caiiLiliI the earlv ravs of a iiiorninL: sun and rellectcd the noddiiii.' 
daisii's upon eri'cii hanks. \\ illows di'oopcd their attiaiuati'd linihs in thecryslal hrook, .and dartinj:' 
minnow s or yet lariiia- fish soii^^ht fi'edini:-i;roimds near the Delaware. .\nd marvel of marvels, the 
liiiest linen of Trenton's old-time aristoc racy was washed in this pretty stream ! Put this was a 
huiith-ed years a;j;o, and th<' least we say ahoiit the chaniics of a century the hctt<a-. M any rate, 
" Pettitt'.s Run hridjre" was in iicccl of repair, and the structure was ordered rehiiilt at a cost of 
£'■'>(). ^lessrs. .lolm I'i,i;i;s, Daniel .Mirshon and .losepli McCidly. all local ci'lehritics, made an 
exeellent hit of wurk thereof, and it is said their lahors outlasted the passiu}.' of many, many years. 



CHAPTER IV. 



SOMK DlSTlNlinsilKI) TItKXToXlAX.S OF ('OLo.XlAI^ TI.MK8. 




M.MII.DN Si'ACV 'I'lll'. 'rui'.NIS W'll.I.lA.M 'I'kK.NT, Till': I'nl'NDKK W I I.I.I A M Tkic.vi', Jk. ; Aniii;e\v 

'■'ruK.NT'" II.smii.hpn ; Au( nii'..\i.ii IIu\ii:, thic I'(ii:r ; 'I'iki.ma-^ Cahw.m.adeh, the Fikht 
BriiCESs, .\.\ii Ills F.\Mii.v ; Maiimlx KiicKinMin; ; Sii; .Idiix Si.\( i,.\ii{. 



^< F Till'' early scttlrrs di' West .Xrw Jctsi-v. lumi' .^tniuls in ninrc strikinii' litrlit tli:ui 
ilocs Malilim Stary, i>f Ilawswdrtli. in the (■(ninty of Yurk, in Old Kudaml. Tn 
liini iinist 1)0 a'ivcn tlicrrnlit t'nr tlic pi'actical scttlinu' nf the northern ]iorti<iM of tlii' 
^'u^ksllin■ Xtli, whii'li (■.xtcmlcil, Ky virtin'of tlic jiurdiase of li'i77. from tlic l!an- 
cocas to the .\ssanjiink. Mahloii Stacy reachcil America in the '• Shield," frt)ni 
AKy Hull, l)anie] Towes. master, wliicli, in Decemher, 1()7>!, landed lier ])asson<rers at 
llurlimiton. With .Mnhlon St;iey were his wife, childi'cn and men and women ser- 
/^ vants. That he at (Jiice came to the site of Trenton is shown l)y the fact tliat 1k' h(\<;an 
the erection of liis ^ri-^t mill in l(i7it. and in 1679-SO, Jas])er Danker and Peter 
Sliivtcr. iMitch l.aliai-ilists. speak in their journal of Mahlon Stacy's house on the 
site of Trenton. I le was the re|)resentative man in the vicinity of " Yc ff'aJlcs." Mahlon Stacy was 
inlluential in the Society of Frii'iids. of which hody he was a faithful memlier. His lariie ]ilanta- 
tion interests and his wealth madi' him lank e:i-ily amouL:' the half >core of men \vho frame(l the 
destinies of llurlintiton county hetwcen l(i7() and 171o. In the jiolitical life of the tinu', he held, 
from one year to another, nearly I'Vi-ry olliec of |irolit and ti'ust in the Province. ITe a|i])ears as 
Conmiissioner in 1 li'^l-^'J. and a- a niemher of .\ssemlily in l*iS-J, I(i,s;5, ](>S4 and KiS."). He was 
also a meniher of Council in KiS-i and Ki.s;;. in Kis;;^ 1(;S4, ]i;s.") he was an Indian Taiid (.'omnus- 
sioner, an<l in KiS,", was selected to write to the nieinhers of the Society of Friends, in London, 
(h'scrihine the condition of the new scttli-nicnt. .\s a .lustice. he sat in the 1st Xth in KIS."), and 
continuously remained un tin' IhirliiiLiton heucli as His .Majesty's .lustice from May, ICil)."). to 
May, 17(11.' 

In lli'.)7, Mahlon Stacy, who was also at that time a memlier of the 1 louse, siimed, as a (Quaker 
memher, to U]ihol<l the interests of the Kinfi'. 

P>y 1711, when William iMuley. the surveyor, laid out the meets and hounds of his land, 
Mahlon Stacy possessed Ml(lac|-e-^ at ••The Falls." P>,-isse"s " ISook of .s^urveys " shows his ]p|anta- 
tion liounde(l hy the lands of .\ndrew Heath. Thomas Lamhi'rt, which family pive its name to 
Lamhertville, Nathaniel Pettit, who nam<d I'etty's run. and liuth Peak. The P>eak land lay ujion 
tlu.' south, the Heath .and l.amhcrt land u|mii the noi-th. as is shown hy the map. 

The Yard interests in Trenton date fi^om the purchases of William, Sr.. William, Jr., anil 
Joseph Yard, who, in 1712, houuht .Sta<-y's land on I'^ront street. l>etween Proad and Warren. 

-Mthouiili the association of .Mahlon Stai'V with Trenton practically is cxtinLHiishcd hy the sale 
of his lanil to William Trent, it is jvertinent tliat as late as 17^_'ii exclusive ferry privilcjics on the 
Helaware, two miles ahove and helow the ••Falls." were uivcn to James, a son of Mahlon Stacy. 
'J'his led to the ('alh<iun street ferry, aliamloned ah.iut lifty years since upon the erection of tlie old 
wooden bridge, and the lower ft'rry, which lu'came uselcs^s on the erection of \.\u: hridgi' in 1S04. 



TlIK ("ITV OF TRKAToX. 35 

I'x'fiirc 171)0, one limls tliiit <>( tlii> f;iiiiily were Mnlilnii Stacy, -Ir., llcni-v Stacv ami Itoliert 
Stacv, all iiliicTlidliliM's ami nun nf i->latc. 

William Trent, I'nr \\liijni tlic city (if 'rrcntmi was nanicil, was ul' an am-icn! Scotch f.-uiiijv. 
Kniinratiiiii- fnini Invci-ncss, ymuii^'in life, with his lir.ithci- .lames, hcscttleil in l'liilai|el|iliia aliuut, 
]ttS-2. Here he identilicil himself in husiness with the (^iiakirs. As a man of intclliiicncc, imiiistry, 
thrift and integrity he sddii liecanic a huyc wluilcsale ami retail mei-ehai;t. hiani: a shi|i(iwncr in 
jiartnershiii with William I'cnn ami his iiartnei', Jami's l.d^aii. AlthuhLih n(pt a lawvei-, William 
Ti'cnt, fmni 170:; to I7l!1, continneil a nicmhi'r of the l'cnns\l\:niia i'ru\incial Cduncil. In 17UG 
he was line of the |icrsiins sclecti'il in systematize the cnuils, ami was lalei- une nf the tive Sii|iremc 
("iiurt Justices. This is all tin' mni-e rcniark.ahle in tliat he was a Clnn-ch uf ICni.'laml man. whilst 
the government uf Pennsylvania was in the I'ontrnl uf the Sneietv uf l'"rieiids. In 1710. 17l-"i, 171'.i 
lie was a memhcr (if .\sscnilily and in 1717-1^ was Siicakei- uf the lldusc. 

In I'liiladclphia, as in Ti-entun, William Ti'cnt was a lame land(i\vner. Ilis residence in th.at 
city was tile famdus "Slate Rddf ihiusc," mi Seeinid sti-ect, which hml lieeii William I'cmrs 
maiisiiHi — the must eleL:!iiif in the city. It was Knilt (if hriek, surrdmided li\- lare and hcautifnl 
plants and Ihiwers, and a lawn cxtcndini:: tn the Delaware river. William I'l nn. .Ir., an extr.a vai.'ant 
yiiuni; man, sdld William Trent the " maiisc uf Williamstadl," |iartiall\- the siti' uf the eitv of 
Ncirristdwn. This prupertv cdntaincd 7,000 acres. 

Beside thes(3 Pennsylvania purchases. William Trent, in .Vuiiiwt. 1711, purchased SOI) acn.'s of 
land of MahldU Stacy. In 171S the fdiimler df the cily lidiiLrht L'OO aia-c- of land uf Samuel 
Atkinson and Riitli, his wife, .and 'JS a(a'es of Willi.im P>ur^c, of Philadelphia, Liiviiii;- him pdssessidu 
in fee of most of the land iidW emln-aecd in the coiiLresti'il pditidii df 'IVeiildn. In 17'_'1 William 
Trent lieeamo pennaiiently estahlishe<l in Ti-entun and htiilt " lUdomsliury Court," imw "Wood- 
lawn"' — the residence of Edward IF. Stokes. I<]s(piire. This was a >paciou^ and elei:ant hoii~e. in 
1 7l!0 -Tustice Trent granteil land to the count v of iliinterdoii for a ( 'mirt IJoiHi' and jail, which laiKl 
w.is eonveved to the Trentdii I'.ankinu' ('diiipanx' in ISl I and is miw ihciI hv them. In 17:^1 
M'illiani Trent lieeamc Cdldiicl uf the lluntia'ddU ('diuitv iicLdmciit. and in 17-l'l proided nvcr the 
New Jer.sey Assemhlv as its S] leaker. The hdiKir df licing t'liief .lustiec of N'ew .lersey was soon 
conferred upon him. Imt he did iidt IdiiL;' Imld the dtlice, .is he smldiaily died mi ( 'hi-i'^tiii.as day, 
1724. lie was hurled in the Friends' hit in the did ]idrtidn uf liivia'vicw ( 'einetery. That he was 
much lamented is jirnvcil hy a letter fi-dui (lovernor liurnct to the Lords of Trade, who speaks of 
A\'illiam Trent as heinu " uni\-crs,illy IicIovimI." .lustiec Trent was an inlliuaitial m.in in Christ 
Church, in Philadeljihia, and the Pev. .1. Talhot, missioii.ii-y rector of S.aiiit .Mary"s, P>urlinj.'ton 
city, writes td the Bishop uf London that .Mr. Trent had aided the house of the Society for the 
Pro)iagation of the (lospiel in Foreign Parts. An epistle testifying to his worth and esteem was 
printed in a Tjondon Catechism, 171'.l. 

Although the sulgect of research, genealogists dill'er concerning the names of William Trent's 
wives. They are mentioned as Miss ('o.\e, of .\ew .lia-sey ; Miss Burge, of Philadelphi.a, and ^[iss 
Coddington, of Rhode Lslaiid. 

William Trent, Jr., son of the foiimlcr. was horn and educated in Phil.idelphia. RraiuTiing 
out from [mrely local trallie, he heeame a fur-tra,dcr u|ion a truly interstate scale, and enjoyed the 
eonlidence of the Indian trihes. He spoke with ahility a uumlier of the dialects of the .Mgonkin 
tongues. In ccinscipieuce of this, his services were in constant demand in treaty-making. He 
was a Captain of a Pennsylvania company in k'ing (leorgc's wars, and for his services to the 
State, in various capacities, received a grant of .'!. 100,000 acres of land. This led him to Knglaiid, 
where King(!eorge ill. refused to cdiifnin the action of the .\iiiericaii .aiithorit ies. in the mi'an- 
tinie, Captain Trent's family remaincil in Trenton, in I77.'), William Trent. .Ir., returned to 
America, residing in l/measter, where he was Judge of the (Niurt of Common Pleas. He died in 
I'hiladelphia in 17S7. 

In 'I'renton and vicinity tlie name of Trent is ahsolutely extinct, fn fact, the last living 
resident representative of Justice Trent is Miss .\nn:i Rosscll, of tlie old liurliugton eoimty family. 
81ie is his f^reat-great-gramldauLditer. and to In r acknowledgment must lie made f,ir the facts 
of this article. 

The only attempt- which have heen made in the city to commemorale the "l'"duniicr" is in 
the naming of a Cha|itcr df the Daughters of the .\merican Itevolution in hi> honor. The namt; 






THE CITY OF TUKNToN. 



"Trent" lias also liccdiiu' faiimus 11)11111 tin- lilc iiiaclc liy imc (if the lari.'cst works of its cliaractcr 
in the United States. 

(ieneral .lolm Mernlilli IJead, tli<' clistiiiuuishcil histurian, has eiiinniunic-ated to Tri'iitimians a 
straiiLTe story riineeniini.' Amlrew Hamilton, Imrn in Seotland, l(j7(J ; died in l'iiiladel]iiiia, 1741. 
It will lie reinemlirred that .\iidre\v Hamilton was Attorney-( Ieneral of Pt'unsylvania in 1717 : was 
State Comieilor ill 17'-!n; one of tlie |inrelia-ers of lii(li')Hiiileiice Si|iiai-e ill l'liiiadel|iiiia on w hieli 
to erect a ■"suitalije luiildinii "' as a iejiislative hail, and crowned his career by the defense of IJic 
(MJitor, John I'eter Zeiiii-er. in 17:^'). in wliicli he set up the then novel doctrine, "the tnitli of 
the facts in an aiieL'ed liliel could he set up as a defense; the jury thus lieconiini: jud;ies of 
l\\r law and facts."" 

(iouverneur Morris calls Hamilton "the ilay star nf the American Revolution." 

li:niiilloii seems to have kept secret his real name and parentage — for what reason is not 
known — and in so doinu' assumed the name of Trent. He later hecanie known liy the name of 
Hamilton. In 17'"i'.l. lu' addressed the Pennsylvania .Vssciiihly, sayinir that the love of liherty 
alone ki'pl him in i'cmi>yl\ania to the manifest iiijur\dr his fiirtnne, so the proiimption may 
he that •• '{"rent ""-Hamilton had linancial interests in Scotland which reniliTcd it unwise foi- liini to 
full\- disclose his identity. 

It is to he Lircatly rcuri'tti'd that no ciiduriiiL:- nionimiciit has heen erected to keep alive in the 
minds of Trcntoiiians the name of William Trent. A man so worthy, throtigh his intellectual 
attainments, and liy virtue <if his Christian life, should not thus lie further neglected, and I'veii 
dishonor<Ml. 

.\rcliiliald Home, on January 4th, 1742, offers 40s. reward for the return of his servant man, 
William Simsoii. Thus appears l)efor(> us one of the few hright stars of the coloni;d litrnit! in West 
•lerscy. The iiidcfatigahle Sccri'tarv of the New -Icrscy Historical Society. William Nelson, l'>i|uire, 
diseovereil, among the niaiiuscrijit volumes of a London hookseller, one which hore the title, 
"Poems on Several Occasions l!y .Vrchihald Hoiiu^ Esi[r late Secretary and One of His Majesties 
Council for the pro\iiicc of New .lcrsc\' Xorth .Vmerica." 

Prolialily. like I'.ipc. physical disaliilities kept him in retirement, and his literary aspirations 
were thus contiiied lo a limited circh'. Coming to .\nierica aliout 17->:), Home liecame Secretarv of 
the Coloii\- and of ('ouiicil " sometime hctweeii .June 2-'> 17-"i^aiid March li-'l 17.">'-'." As a meiiilier 
of His Majesty's Council. Home was commissioneil Ma\' I'Mth. 1741. allhough "not I'Xpectiiig or 
desiring"' such elevation. 

He was one of the eai'liest iiienihers of the cel(4irated .\meriean Philosophical Society of Phila- 
delphia. Mr. Hoiiu: died in Trenton in the latter pari of March, 1744, and was hnried lieneath the 
aisle of the l'"irsl Preshyterian Church in this city. His social position is indicated in that Ill's 
executors \vei-e PoliiTt Hunter .Morris, Thomas Cadwalailei-, and his hrotlier. .lames Ihime. of 
Charleston, S. C. 

The writings of this early citi/eii of Ti-enl'Ui display marked versatility, although liis poems 
are usually in the stilted rhyming couplet of the time. He translated the Latin and I'^reiich poets, 
wrote a prologue, and verses to many ladies. His " Llegy, On the much lamented Pealh of ( Icorgo 
Fra/.er of Klizaheth Town" in Sc<itcli dialect, is one of his happiest efforts. Thus : 

"Jersey ! lament in hriny tears 
^'our Dawty's gane to his Forhears 
Wae worth him I Death lia> clos'd the Sheers 

.\iid clip"d his Thri'ad, 
JusI in the Prime of a' his ^'cars 
( leorgc Fra/.er's dead."' 



On the twenty-second of Xovemher, ]7','M. in the " Pennsylvania (lazette."" Thomas Cadwalader 
and l'"lizalietli ISiles olTer for sale certain properties, among which ai'c " 1 '_*()() .\(a-es in the ('(umty 
of Hunterdon an<l Township of Amwt41" and "One Kith Part of the iMirge at Trciitoii." Thomas 
Cadwalader herein mentioned was a son of John, in the line of a W(4sh family of roval origin. 
John Cadwalader came to Philadelphia in ICi'.l'.l. where, in 1702, he married .Martha, daughter of 
Dr. Ivlward Jones and .Mary Wynne Jones, daughter of Hr. Thomas M'ymie. Their son, Thomas 



THE CITY OF '11;]':XT(>X. 



37 



Ca<l\valailiT, iiilici-itcil tlir |ii(>|V.-si.iiial ainliitidiis (if his nialrnial line, and after IpciiiLr rduc-atcil in 
the Friends' Academy, in l'hiladel|ihia. stmhiij medicine arid sm-L'erv in l.onddn. lieturninir In 
America, lie smm ^ave up a lar^e |iractice in i'liiladelphia, reiiMiveil (d Ti'iaiton, and, in ITI'i, \vh<'n 
'I'l-cntdn was inciii|i(. rated, was elected its Chief i'.uriicss (Ma\iii-). In IT'iOhe pive .C-")0() to found 
a |iul>lic lilirary in 'rrcntnii, and was one nf the fuunilcrs nf the I'ennsyKania Ifosiiital, from which 
iirijiinati'd the Medical I tepailiiient "f the rni\-eisily of rcnnsylvauia. .\s a larL'e landuwiiei- near 
Trenton, he remained in the city of liis adoption and die(l in his se\ cut v-third ve.ar. 177'-l. 

Thomas Cadwaladei-'s wife was Hannah Lamlu-it, daughter of 'idiomas l.amhci-t. .)i-., of 
Trenton, for which family Lamhcitx illc ( formci'lv ('orvcH's l-'ci'i'v ) is named. The issue of John 




'\ /4^i ' {/wOa^cU^^^ 



Cadwalader and Ifannah l.aniliert Cadwalader Were: Martha, who married r.rii,'adier-( leiieral .lolm 
Dagwortliy, of Trenton : l.amhert : .lolm ; Mary and Kehecca, lirst ami scc<ind wives of (h-neral 
Philemon Dickinson; l':ii/alieth. died a spinster, and .Margaret, wifc> of r.ri;:a<licr-( lencral Samuel 
Jfercilith. 

Mahlon k'irkliriile, livinrf in I'eimsylvania ahout two miles aliove the lui\\.<-Vvini^ in the 
"American WCkly >reretiry," first week in .March, l7o>!-".'.l, olTers a NottinLcham plantation of -|.')0 
aere.s for sale. The -'place" was fmir miles from Trenton. In the note hy Mr. Nelson, Mahlon 
Kirkhride, which family name frc<iuently was and even yet is pronounced Cnhriijlil, is nientioneil as 
the son of Joseph Kirkhride. of Bonlentown, and liis seeund wife, Sarah Sta.'y. SIh^ was the 
daughter of Mahlon Staey, and was married in 17()-'. Joseph, who was the ori;.dnal immitrranl, 



38 



Till-: CITY OF TltKNToX. 



(•;iiiie from Parisli Kirkliriilc. near Carlisle, Ndrtli lMi<;laii(l, in M'<^^. As an inilucntial citizen of 
M'est Jersey, .Tose})ii, in 171'.), was one of the New Jersey-Xew ^'oik iioundary Coniiuission. He 
ilierl in 1 7.">7. 

Sir Joini Sinclair's mansion, at the I'alls of thi' Delaware, ahont a mile above Trenton, was "a 
]>leasanl rui'al retirement.'' Sir John was a l>ai-onet of Nova Scotia. Of him the Ilev. I'r. .lohn 
Hall has the followin- note : 

■'Tlu're was a Sii- .John St. Clair in Jtr.uliloek's army, who arrived in January, IToo; was 
Lieutenant-Colonel of the 'J'wenty-seeonil I!eL;iment and I)e|)Uty (iuartennaster-Oeneral for all the 
forces in .\meriea. In 17<iL' he was made a full Colonel. ( )n the list of the woumled at the defeat, 
Julv '.Ith, 17")-'>, he is ]iut down as "Sir .lohn Sinclair, Baronet. Hep. (j. .M. (ien.' ( W'inthrop 
Sartient's Ilistorv of Hraddoek's I''.\])edition : Pennsylvania Historical Society, pp. 1M(). 14-'!. '2X'>.) 
'[']]!■ di-ath of • lion. Col. Sii- .lohn SI. Cl.-iir. liar't.' is aunonn<-cd in the iiewspapi'i's of the day as 
havini.' taken place at lOli/alictlitown. I )ecciiihcr. 17l'i7. 'I'lierc was a '('a|itain l!nthe|-foi'd ' with St. 
Clair in the Kxiicilition." 

Sir .lohn was the lirst occup.nit <ir the mansion that aftcrwai'd helonLXeil to j.oi'd Stirlin^^ and 
then to -Mr. Huthertord, a short distance west of the State House ami on the river. The three 
fannlies Were eomiected. The house was suhsecpiently tenanted hy Itohert Lettis ]!ooper. and the 
walls of ■■the (Ireen-ilouse " remained to ^uve name to the site loiii.' aftei' the dwelling: itself hail 
heeli demolished. .\ I'orrespondent of the ■■Trenton Fedei-alist." of M.arch :'>(>tli. IS(I2. states that 
the lirst ice-house in the State, "in oin- recollection, was la'ccted hy Sir .lohn St. Claii' [so wi'itten] 
ahout the vear 17lU)." 



--^^.'^^i'*^ 




CHAFI'Kl! V 




THE TRENTON I'-AltltACKS. 
The FiiE.Ncif anu Indiax War — 'I'm-: IxHAr.iTANis ()i',.ii:<t m ■iiik (irAKii:i;i.\(; av Ti;<fii|'s 

I'ETITIllXS FdU BaHKACKS LecISLATI V K AlTluN A.Mi THE I.ih \TIii\ (lE THE 111 II.IM.M.S TlIEIK 

N'akiiie;^ Uses — N<i\v THE I'ldH'ioin ^- oi- •riii; Wiijuw^' and SE\(,Li: \\'(j\ii:n's IIomI'; Siic'ii-:t'i'. 



LTIIOrCIT tlic iiianifdld evils .4' lli,- Imvh.Ii .-nid Indian War l.'fl no diiv.-t 
iniiircss ii]i(iii Trcntim. ncviiiliclis- the it|hii1s ,,1' crui^ltic^ in Western I'l'nnsvl- 
fi^ \-ania and tlie fear (if raiils aldiii: the n|i]ier Delaware valley ednti'ihnled to the 
jieiieral " distressin.;:- feai- " as v, ell in Trentmi a< in ntlier parts nf West Jersey. 
Asa strate.L:ie |iiiint, Treiitun, the ]ai;je>t (inliiusi nf the n(irthei-n tnwns nf 
the |)i'la\vare valli'V. was (if threat \ahie t(i the Hritish War I )epartnient. !)iii-inL; 
the cdldiiial ]ieri(»l soldiers were fre(|n(ailly in the town, and anioni;' the nnlitarv 
records one finds many items nf pecnliai' local intciot in i-eference to the hillet- 
in.iidf ]uiu;lisli troops for lo(lL:ini: and siilisislenee on the inhaliitant- of Ti-enton. 
This mode of lodllillL; hecaine \'ery amioyini: |o the people (pf the State:. the 
liahits and the morals of the soldiers were not always snch as lhc\- desired. Indeed, the whole 
system was exceedinL^ly liaid to endure. The neai- app|-oach at times of the stealthv Indian foe, 
the lettiTS which wcic received in Trenton j^ivin,:;' notice of the murder of uk'H in Sussex county hv 
th(> savaires, hkhIc the people think tiiat some ]icnnanent urran^emeut sliould he made for their 

future pl-(ilection. 

In this coMncction, Ocneral Stryker states thai '■The fears of the inhahitants of Trenton of 
incursions (it tlie Indians lirst foun(l cNpi'ession in the winter of I7o7. hy a petition to the ( hneral 
Assendilv of the I'i'ovince. There arc tliiil v-ninc petitions of a similai' eharactei' on lile in the 
military records of the !>tate." 

This )ictition recited the danii-( rs of Indian raids and the consc(|nent necessity of troops, the 
annovance of tlie " (piarteiaui;' ' svsteni and terminated with a humlile rc(picst tiiat snitahle liar- 
racks mi(.dit he erected. It was numerously sijiued hy the maj;istra1cs, freehdidcrs and inhahitants 
of Trenton and near-liy jilaccs. The inhahitants of Hunterdon county, in I'eliruary, ITo'i. and at 
other times, sent ]ietitions to the (lencral .\ssemlily rcspcetint: the raisiuL; of troops under cmerL'cnt 
conditions. But it was not until the lifteenth day of A]iril, 17')>^. that a law was passcil hy the 
Clotincil and (leneral .\ssendily to jirovidc for the erection of llarracks : 

"An .\ct for huildini;- of Ilai'i-aeks w itliin this ( 'olouy, and foi- other purposes therein incntione(l. 

•■Whereas it is found liy experience that the adnntlinj,' soldiei's within private Houses in (his 
Colony, ihirinj; tlicir winter (Juarters is not only attended with a very licavy puhlick expencc, lull 
nianv otliei' pci'iiicious eonseipienccs (o pi'ivate Families, for prevention whereof tor the luturc, 

•• He it enacted hy the llonouralilc .lohn Hcadiuf.', Es(i., President and Comiuaiider in Chief of 
this Colony, the Council and ( icncral .\ssemhly and it is lierciiy Enacted liy the .\nlliority of the 
sanio, that it shall and may he lawful for the Trcasurer.w of this Colony, out of any Money now in 
their Hands, made cun-ent for the service of the ]ires(iit war. or out of such .Money as may come 
into their Hands, hy virtue of an Act of Asscmhly pass'd this Session, entitled An Act for aui;- 



40 



•I'lIK CITY OF TliKNTOX. 



nu'ntin.i; tlic RcLninciit of tliis Colony of X<'\v Jersey to the nuiiilier of One Tlioiisanil effcetivc 
Men, Ollieers hielmleil, anil niakinu' provisions for the same to pay unto Jhiirli Hartshorn. Thomas 
Seatterjrood, William Skeels, John Allen, J<iseph ^'arll. 'rheo|ihihis Scverns, Kenhen Runion. Henry 
Fishei-. Josepli Monnt, Samuel Nevill, Thomas Barton, .lohii Smyth, Uohert ()i;ilen, Cornelius 
llatlielil anil Jaeoh Deliart, Esifrs or any two of them sueh sum or sums of Money, as ihey, or 
any two of tliem, may think neeessary for ereetint' ami liuiMintx liarraeks sullieient to eontain three 
Inuulreil Men. at eaeh of the respeetive [ilaees of Biu'linjiton, Trenton, Perth Amhoy. New Bruns- 
wiek anil ]']h/,aheth-To\vn. whieh Barracks tliey are to huilil aeeorilini;' to their ilisei-etion. as soon as 
may he, in the liest ami most suhstantial, most eomminlious aii'l fruiial .Manner they are eapalile of, 
toL;ether with the neeessary Convenienees thei-eunto lielonLjing. " 

These Commissioners, or any two of them, " resiilinir in the I'laee whei'e the i-e~peetive 
]{arraeks are herehy onlered to he huill sh.ill forthwith pui'ehase a suitaMe pieee of (iromel not 
exeeeililli: one Aere, for ereetinu the same ami Like I he .\i Iviee and 1 )ireetions of the Memhers of 
the House of Uepresentatives of the city oi- County wliere the saiil Barraeks are to he huilt. 
rosjieetinLT the (^u.antity and Situation of the (Iround so to he purchased ; .\nil to the eml. the said 
(Ironnd and huildini; ni.-iy he elfeitually seeui'ed to the I'se of this Provinee." 

It was also furthei- eiiaeteil " tliat the I lonourahle Andi'ew .lohnson. James 1 1 udc. and Piehard 
Salter, l']sij"sanil llohert Lawi'enee, Chai'les Pi. id, W'ilii.-im .Morris, .lolm .Johnson, I'^hene/.er .Miller, 




Ol.li i;.\llitAi KS ,\S IT Ari'K.^KKI) IN Coi.uNIAl. TlMI->i. 



and Pieh.ird Smith of ISurlimrton !"• and they ai-e hei-ehy ;ippoiiiteil Trustees for the Colony of Xe\\' 
Jii'-e\' ill U hose names the respeetive l>eei|< of the said (Irouiids. sliall he taken, to them, and the 
sui'vivoi-s and survivor of tliem and tlie lleii--~of the Sin'\ivoi's of them forevi.'i' : yet nevertheless 
to the uses, intent^ and purpose^ lureinafter s])eeilieil. and to no olhei' use. intent or purpose 
what'^oever ; tli.at is to say. to and for the use of Bari'.aeks for the (iuai'tei'ini;' of SoMiers whenever 
they lie sent liy jiroper AiUliority to reside in any of the places aforesaid : .\nd the said (iround 
and Barracks when huilt >liall he under the Cai'e and l)ireelionof the two princi]ial Maaistrates 
and the two Fi-eeholdcrs chosen for the City or Town where they ai'e respectively huilt, and they 
uiav at their disci'ction, oecnp\' the same or sulTcr the s,-ime to he oceupied at all Times liei'ealter, 
when no Soldiers .are there; so alwa\'s that propei' care he taken to keep them from Damai^e as 
much as in.ay he and to ha\e them at .ill Time,- free for the um' of the Soldiers as aforesaid. 
['/■(irliliil Alii(ii/s. and it is herehy declareil to hi' the liaie Intent and .Meaning; of these presents, 
that i\u part of the said (iromids shall he coiueiled into or made u-e of fm- erecthur any sort of a 
huildinj; thereon hesides liarraeks as aforesaid: with the necessary Fiaicini; with which the said 
ijrounils so to he pm'chascd shall he enclosed and remain for the uses aforesaid forevei'. The 
Coninii.ssioners were limited to the sum of CI, 100 for each liai'rack, retainiuL' livi' per cent. 



TIIK (1TV OF TUKXTOX. 



41 



Cdiniiiissinii. Ill I'lirthcr (liM-\wsiii- this suliji'rt. (Jciirral Sti-vl<cr states tliat socni al'tcr tlir [lassa^'c 
(if the law a lot \va> imnliascd of Mrs. Sarah Chiihh, at a |ilaci- (in the west ciid ol' Front street, 
where the Kiver road entered 'rrenton. 'I'he iHiichase-inoiK y was ClO. and the lot eontaiiUMl ahout 
one a(a-e. .lose|ih I'eaee, the fathei- of M rs. Chiihh. piirehased this lot. ill a t raet of thirt\--si.\ acres, 
from -lame- Trent, son of William 'i'reiil. March lOth, I ToL!. for C I 7n. sihcr iiioiiev. 

it will thus he seen that the I'.a rracks oc( upied all thclariic tract of land that faced the west 
termination of l-'roiit street. I'lioii the east, the l!arrack lot was hoini(le(l h\- the itixcr r(pa(l. now 
South Willow street, and Peace street, which was the later name of the Itixcr road south of {-"rout 
street. On the south, the |ir(i|ierty adjoined the lands ..f Stacy I'otts; (.n the north was the 
|iro|ierty of .lose|ili Peace. To the West, the line extended nearly to the lands now ocell|iied h\' the 
('a|iitol. Delaware a\-ciiue later sc|iaiatei| the jlarrack lot from t he Sl.itc |iro|icrt v. 

The el'ectioii of P.arraeks commenced on the lliirt\-lirst day of .Maw 17o>;. and it was |iushed 
on so ra|iidly that we tiiid tliat more than oiii -half the huildiin;- was lillcd with soldiers on the sixth 
of Xoveiuhcr followiuL:. It was. ho\\i\cr. not fully com|jletc(| until March. l7o'l. a- appears h\- an 
iiiseri|ition on the hiiildiuL:. .I(ise|ih Yard had charge of the erection of the walls of the JJarracks 
and of proeuriiiL;- the furniture theicfor. (hi the second (lay of ( )ctolier. 1 7o'.l. we til id the liarracUs 
was (iccn|pie(| li\- a reuiincut of 
Highlanders, whose |ie(ailiar 
dress created much interest 
aniDiij; tlie jieople of the tow n. 
In I)eceiiilier. 17">'l. a small 
addition was liuilt to the Bar- 
racks for the use exchlsively 
of the otiicel's ill charac of the 
iMiiilish troops. The hiiildiuj; 
was (iriiiinally desiLMicd to hold 
ahout ■!<)() men. hut we lind at 
one time 4")0 men (|Uartere(l 
therein. The first a|ipropria- 
tiou had to he suppleinenteil 
liv other inonevs from time to 
tiuR', and it is ipiite e\i(hiit 
that the IJarracks cost at least 
£.")()() more hefoic it was lin- 
islied. It was huilt eiitii-cly of 
stone, undressed, two stories in 
heiiiiit, the main hiiildiiiL! 1 •"■n 
feet ill IcULilh and IS', feet in 
width, with two wiuLis. each oS 

feet in leii.Lith. at eitli(a' end thereof. aii(| proicctini; at riiilit anijles from the front of the Itarracks. 
For several years after the Parracks was linished it was constantly lillcd with troops. During: 
tliu year ]7(>-'). peace l]a\iiiL; hecu fullv estahlished with 1<" ranee, the liiiildintrs seem tii liave 
heen unoccupied, and the attention of the (oaieral Asseiiihly was called to the fact in May 
of that year, and they ordered that the perishahle articles therein should he sold, that the 
huildiiiii sliotild he simply kept in repair, and, if possihie, rented. William t'laytoii and Ahrahani 
Hunt were appointe(l ( 'omniissioiiers t() earrv out the or(|ei-s of the l-cirislature of the Province. 
They ininiediately sold all the furniture in the Parraeks, tlie "two suhstaiitial ladders and twenty 
leather hucketts e.xcepted." The liitildiiiLr and premises were rented, a clause ill the lease re(iuirin.u 
them to he Lriveii Up at aiiv time on suitahle notice from the (loveriior of the Colony, that tliey 
were needed for the iise of iiritish soldiers. From the year I7(i(') (o the hreakinv; out of the 
Hcvolutionary War, .\hialiani Ifiiiit and Alexander Clianihers, the two leadini: iiiercliants in the 
town, had chaise of the huildini:, and were ealle(l P.arrack-Masteis, and received Cld per aiunim 
for tlieir services in looking after the projterty. 

Duriiif; tlu; Revolutionary War the Parraeks was oeeupieil at various limes hy com|iaiiies of 
Pritish troops, the Hessian luereeiiaries and nrruits for the American army (» n/'/^: to join their 
F 




I'mKION 111- TlARRACKS .\.S IT N(»\\ Ai 



42 



UK (ITV OF TItKNTOX. 



coiuniaiiil. Fur tlic two weeks ])ri(ir to tlir liattlc of 'rrcutou a pai-ty of Imil'HsIi ilraiiooiis and soinc 
(icniian Yasrers occupied tlie Imililiiii.', with a laru'c iiiii]iImt of Tory refiiifccs fiMin Moiiiniiutli and 
lUirliniitoii counties, wlio were trviuii to ))lace themselves unihT the ])roteetion of the arms of the 
I'^nirlish Kiuii. A \veek after tlie hattle the huildiujr was lilled with American militia, and so ccm- 
tiliued Tintil the end nf the war a< a |ilac<' foi- (|uarterinu; the soldiers of either army. 

For three vears afU-r the war the Barracks remained in disuse. On the lirst day of June. 17>;i'). 
iheOencral .\sseinhlv of the State, sitting; .at New Ihainswick. directed the ('onunissioiiers of this 
Statt' t(i sell all the IJarracks and all the lands attached and turn the proceeds into the trea<iiry. 
Moore l''urman. of 'I'renton. one of the Conimissioncrs for the State, sold the ]iropi'i1y I'chriiary 
ISth, 17S7, to William O-ileii and William i'aterson, fnr C.';.-_'(;i). 

In the vear IS]:; l-'ront sti'cet was o|icncil westward one Mock, and fnily feet of the huildiuLj 
was taken dnwn. and this detached the iiurtli wiu'j- nf the ISarracks from the main Imildinir. This 
north \y\u'^. on the noilh si<leof l'"i-oiil street, wa-^ tni-ne(l into three residences. The porches on the 
main Imildini;- were taken duwn, and in tlii' ycai- IS.').') it was occupied hy the Widows' and Siuirle 
Women's Hume Societv. which (iriiaui/ation still uses it foi- philanthrojiii- purposes. 

The IJai-racks is one of the few lnuldiiiLis in Trenton which <'arries us to colnnial times. .\ 
(■(.mmcmoi-ativc talilet. markinu the date of the erection "f the liilildiiiii' and the salient facts of its 
liistorv. will soon he place(l in position. jirohaMy upon the Front street side' of the l)nildiM;i-. 



^^v^^^^^^ 



CHAl'TEH VT. 



THE r.ATTLE OF Ti;i':\T()X. 




Al).IUTANT-( iEXEKAl, W'll.lJAM S. Sl'KVKlCK AXU HIS I ! I ;sl : A l:c 1 1 i;s ('(iMillKiNs I. i:\lilMi 'I'll 'I'lIK 

ISaTTLK LnCATIiiNS (IF IJl.TIIsH AMi l!];\i i|.l I'll iN A I.A' 'I'lJiidl'S 'I'lli; ClInsslNc; (iF THF 

Delaware — The Attack — TiiE l)KArii dv Kali. — Tin-: Sii;i;km>I':i; — Tiii': Disivisi riiix av 
Hessiax Tkciiij's — Tile Effect of the ISattle im'hn Ami:hica — Wasiiincion's Cai.i. th Akms. 



^'\' HAS vi'inaini'd t'ur due man fn pi-cscnt in its entirety tlic causes and elVeets of liiat 
uneliattle \\lii<li was llie liiniiiiu |i(iint nf tlie Aiiii'viean Keviilntinii. W'illiain S. 
Str\ker, the Ailjiitant-( eiieial "if tlie State nf New -lia-sey. lias ilevdteil many years 

ti) tllis taNk. The t'lilliiW inn' (lesel'i|itinll fnilll his pell, ahhnllLih an nnthlle pietuve, 

is tlie result iif \\\> patient lahm's. Its clearness ami accuracy have unthiiiu to he 

ilesired : 

" The disastriiiis hat tie of T>iin,t,' 
'^ Island had heeii fuii-ht. Fort 

Wa^hiiiLiton and l■^l|■t Fee on the 

Hudson ri\'erliad heeii surreiidiacd, 
the retreat throutih tlie Jersi'ys hy the Amerii-an 
army, followed hy a laruc Ihitish hirce, had heeii 
made and the outlook for tin' patriot eaii-e I'or 
the winter of 177lianil 1777 was dark and forc- 
hodiiiL'. (lencral Howe had orilci'ed a line of 
winter cantonments to he formed in 1 )eceiiilii'r, 
177li, at I'runswick, I'riiieeton, Trenton ami I'.or- 
dontown. The posts at Trenton and I'xprdentowii, 
the most inijiortant positions ncari'st the Aniei'iean 
army, he <;arrisoned with (iernian trooj)S. 

"Ill 'I'rciitoii, thrcH! rp(;imeiits of Hessian 
Infanti-y, a small detachment of Artillery, lifty 
Hi--i:iii Yagers and twenty DraLromis were ipiar- 
torcd. in all ahont fourteen hundred men. The 
infantry rcLiimeuts were those call<'(l the (Ireiia- 
dier ncL'imeiit Itall, the Fusilier Iteeimiaits \'on 
Kliyphauseii and \'on [.(jssher.L'. Colonel .lohaiin 
(iottlicl) Kail was the senior ollicca' coinmaudinu' 
the l)rif;aile. 

'■ ( M'lieval Wasjiini^lon had divided his army 
into tiiroe so]iaratc corps. One di'tachmcnt was 
.stationed at Bristol nndcr Colonel John Carlwala- 
der ; the second corps hail heachpiartcrs at Colvin's 



s H.xiK whrn- Col. 
K.1II dird. no» C» 

.; Ilf^^i.inhnilijuartcr's 

ro ^.rlKl<^h ChuiVh uSfd 

.1, .1 Iwfracks. 
II M.-rhorfiM Churth 

ri,cd j^ 3 I'liracki 

.iiid I h<n).iul 

I'ti^ltjicoan Church 

iivd u 4 tkiriAcki 

Jiid K'>.' )"d 

whrrr Col Rjll »as 

Kncd. 

riacc whrfc C.>l 

K.1II wji ,;.,.! 

Hrt...vt> |..(lict 




Whcrf Amrdciiw 1 i' 
vtnlot Utitrth o<.ii^ 

, Tfeflloft Fcnjf. 
Old lbf»«U. 
Hoiiw mhrtt Col. B»ll 
brcanir iiilnxlL.imt. 



iH ^\r\^■,n |ii'k<l fin 

IV.iM-Kmi. k.^i) 



Hi:V<W.irinN AltV r.\N)>MAHKS. 



4-1 



THE t'lTV (JF TUKNTOX. 



Ferry, now MorrisvilK'. and consisted of the Pennsylvania militia of tlu' F]yin<: t'ani|i and the New 
Jersey militia, under eonnnand of Hriijadier-deneral James Ewinj.'. of Pennsylvania. The third 
and larjiest corps extended I'roin ^■a^dley's Fei'ry northward seven miles on the Delaware rivi-r and 
the (Minti.L'Uous region and liack some six miles from the river. 

"The insj)ection-return of Dec'cmher 'i'Jd, 1771), shows that Washiiiiitnn hail at that liiiii' 
enrolleil ahout six thousand elfective troojis. These troo]is were ill-clad : they t.'reatly needc(l 
stockinjis and slioes ; few <if them had hlankets, and many regiments were without camp e(|uiiia.t:e. 
'• W'ashinsrtou now |irepare(l for a simultaneous attack upon the eonnnands of \'on Donoji and of 
Pall. It was ordi'i-cd at the couucil of war, held on the evening of Decemlier 2 1th, that Colonel 
Cadwalader should cross the river from Pristol to liurlington on Christmas niiiht ami heat up the 
])osts of Mount Holly and Hordeiitown ; that (Jcneral lowing should cross at Trenton Landing and 
take ]>osition south of the .\ssimpiid< creek, so that Hall's incii could not escape to X'lm Doiiop and 
that (icneral Washington, with a detachment of the main army, two thousand foin- hiuidrecl strong. 
with eighteen i)ieces of artillery, should make a direct attack on the gai'risou town of Trenton. 

" By two o'clock on the morn- 
ing of Christmas some regiments of 
the main annv wei-c moving towards 
M( Konkey's Ferry ; ami hy tliree in 
the afternoon all those detailed for 
tins service were on the march, ting- 
ing, it is ^aid. the light >now which 
had fallen with Modd fi-om thi'ir 
feet. f'ach soldiei' hail thi'cc days" 
cooked I'ationsand each cai'i'ied forty 
riiund- of ammuiiilion. 

•■ The men were pl.icid in I 'ur- 
hani liiiats. in row-gallcvs and in 
e\'er\' kind of craft which could he 
eollcited in the up|ier waters of the 
llilawarc. The jagircd ice lloatcd 
s.wiftly hy. struck the hoats severely 
and they had to \h- liandle<l with 
the greatest I'arc. It was after three 
o'clock when the .Vmcricans reached 
the New Jersey shore, and the order 
for the ex|iccted attack on Trenton, 
nine miles distant, was li\e o'clock 
in till' morning. This could not 
now he carrieil out. 

"The jiassword for theilay was 
■ I'irliiri/ III- pKilli.' The wind that day was c.ast-iioi-tlieast, ami the stunn, at least for a part of 
tlir ni.-Mvli. heat ratlicf more oi] the left sin luldeis than in the laces of the patriotic army. 'J"he 
ground was very slippery from the sleet and >no\\ . and tlicii' miMaalile want of clothing made 
their condition truly pitiahle. 

[Tradilion lias it that (icnei-.il Washington, on the march. ilraid< from the -pring which hears 
his name. It is located on Cadwalader Place. J 

"Thecohnnnof Ceiicral ( irecne first came within sight of the alarm-house of the Pciniington 
road. The advance ]iartv of llic .\nieric.in> insl.mtly cliaiged toward the house. Init the guards r.an 
out siiouting '/''/■ Fiiiiil! Ihi- l-'i'niil! Iln-dns.' Iliriiiis.'' ;iud, giving the patriots a volley, they 
retire(l. 

"According to instructions, (icmi-al Stephen diarized with great spirit mi the retreating out- 
])ost. Tlu' ])icket fell liai-k on the reser\-e, hut ihey too ga\c way heforc the rajiid dash of Stephen's 
troops. 

'"It was nearly eight o'clock in the morning when ( icneral (Ircene's column forced the picket 
st;ition on the Pennington mad, and it was just three miiuites afterward when (icneral Sullivan's 




yn 



('(H.iiNKT, L.\mi{|:i;t ('.\ii\v.\i.\iii:k. 



'rilK CITY OF TliKXroN. 



4o 



advance strurk tlir Va-n- |ii(kct pust (Mi tin- lvi\Tr rciail. Hntli iiickcts wci-c nvcrwlicliiUMl, cif (Mnirsc, 
liy sii|H'ii(ir iiuiiiliiTs, anil tlif AmrricaiiH nislu-d ' pi'll-nicll,' as ('(ilmicl Kncix said, iiitn the tnwn. 
By t]\v rapid liriui; it was clear that rai-li cdliiiiiii vied with the iithrr in )<r thr lirst in the attark on 
the tnaiii Imdy nf thr Hessians. 

"As sunn as liall's (irenadiers lieard the lirint; cm tlie 1'c'iniinf.dnn rnad they inn-riecl nut nf thi-ir 
(lliartei-s cm KinL;- strc'ct ancl fonncMl in IVnnt nf wliat is nnw the Aniiaaean license. The \'cm Lnss- 
heri; re^iinieiit made theii- fc.rinalic.n nndca- thc' |Mi|ilai- trees in Cluireh alley, cm the north side cif the 
iiraveyard in the I'c-ai- cif the Knijlish ehnreh. 'i'he \'(in l\ny|ihansen re.iiiincail c,i-;.'anizecl nn (jneeii 
street and hc^uan tn inarc'h u'estwai'd alimii Scccmcl strc'el. 

■■Colonel Hall, when he heaid the noise in the town, c>|ic-ncM| hi- window and eallecl ont to 
kno\v what was tlie matter. .Vhhounh he hacl not rc'coverecl from hi> cnronsal of the previous 
niuht, at .Vlnaliani limit's house, lie Imiriedly di-essed hiniMlf and appeareil on the street on iiorse- 
liaek to assmne eommaiid. Seeing his own recfinient ah-eady foniic^cl a few rods down the street, he 
startecl them cm a run np K in j; street. 

".\t this tinic' Ceneral WashinLitciii had taken position on the hitih ,c.ronnd on the northwesl 
eonier of propeity now owin'cl hy .Mr. .lohn S. ('handlers, just at the jinietion of what is now 







11"'' 




'SJiK 



■*^^^J 



■ ■^*! 



;. •:* ^< "t^,l >.^^■ ..-^•^r • s 



%Sj8*- 



- ' l<i JTiifflff 



Tin-: Wasiiincjtun 



Fountain nveniio ancl I'rineelon avenue. I''idni this point Iw ecmld. with his frlass, (iverlook (ho 

whole open \illai.'c' and di|-c'et the liulit. 

"■ 'I'heii Captain 'riioinas I''orrest opeiiecl his ha It cry clown (^neeii si re -el, w hilc' ( 'aplain .\le.\ander 
Hamilton lii-ecl clown K'ini; street from Ihe \-ei-y spot where the IJattle Monument is erected. The 
Hessian cannon hacl heeii run up the street alieacl of the I tall rcLnment to tlii' little stone hridiie wiiii-h 
tlicn c-ovei^ecl i'cttv's ruii. ancl the third shot fi^oni Hamilton's lmhis cjisahliil tlieii- hatlery. Imme- 
diately the hriiracle of (ienc'i-al Lord Stirlini;- hciian to charjie clown Kinir street. Captain William 
W'asliinjrton, his Lieutenant, .lames Monroe, and their comiiany of Colonel Wecilon's rcLriment were 
on the rii.dit of Stiinii;:'s hi-ij.'ade. 'Idiese two ollicers were womided in thi' charLTc. hni they look two 
field-pieces and drove the Hall rcfrimcnt olT the street into the .uardens hctween Kinj; and (inecn 
streets, jnishinif them hack in irreat confusion on the \'on Lossherj; reiiinicnl, which \v;is jiisl ciiniin«,' 
out of Church allev into (iueen street. Tlien hoth orjranizations started olT toircllicr from tiuecn 
streut across the fields in tlie direction of the )>l,ice where Mont^'oniery street now crosses the feeder. 

"Colonel Tfall joined the Hall and Von Losshcr^r rec.dments as they were marehin.c; in a norlh- 
casterlv direction and had left the town, and he ordered them to ri^,dil ahout and attack tlie villa},'e. 



Hi 



THE I ITV OF TlIKXToX. 





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IfffE^S. 


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L. 







IIolSK IN WllK-II C"l.. HaI.I. \V.\S KNTlCU'r.VINKI) 

Is'HJirr Bkfouk Batti.k <ii- Tui:ntc»n. 



Tlii.-< tlu'V ]iri)iiiiitly iliil. Tliey had again i-caclicd the junction of (Juccn street and Chureli alley 
when they found themselves sorely ])ressed hy Stirlinu's men, who firecl from houses and fences on 
KIul; sticct and the alley, ami saw (General .Mcrcci-'s lii'ii;adc eharfiina- down (^uecn street on tlu'ir 
liroken rank>. llul l!all was still slioutiiii.', "-VU who arc my (ircnadiers, forward 1 " when a hullet 
struck him. lie fill fium liis Iku-sc and was carried into the .Methodist church i in the northeast 

corner nf what is nnw llruad and .\eadeniy streets, 
\\liile the ciilunni uf the .\mericans ]iuslied the rem- 
nant of the two demoralized rcLiimcnts through Third 
and {'"ourth str<'cts ( rcs|iectively Ilanii\cr and .\cad- 
emy stri'ctsj into the orchard. 

■"While tliese charucs were heiiiLr made, (iencral 
Sle|ilien"s ancl ( leneral I )e l'"ormii\'s lirii;ades, hv 
\\ a^liinjiton's orders, hurri<'d inward the I-'o.x Chase 
tn\irn. CHI i>rmiswii'k roail. to |ire\ent the escape of 
theiiieinxtii Maideidiead (now l,a^\ reiicevilli' ). This 
I lie\- succeeded in doiiii;-. 

"'(lenci'al Sulli\'an's divisiun, as ha< lieen said, 
drii\e ill the |iicket on llie itixer road. The ei'v was 
then raised. 'Tin <i >ir< hnn^ lliiil Irij liifii'^ .sr;///.v," ;illd 
down the riiad the .\meric,-nis ran. ])iishinii; all hcfoie 
tlieiii. The wliiile tiiwn wa> imw in an ujirnar. 
Ciiliinel .luhn Stark, aftcrwaid the hern of l'>emiinj;ton, 
sw uiil; round the northeast enriiei- nf what is now State 
and W'illiiw streets and, as .Majnr Wilkinson wrote, 
'f)>iill ihiiih irJiirtrn- In fun ml rcxUhinri', iinil liraL't ilinni all (ijijiiisitiiin licjin-c /inn.' 

•• (Icneral Sulli\-an. witli Coloiiel (Hover's hrinade and NTaTs anil Sar-cnt's hatteries, sent a 
part V to take the people in the iild I'.anaeks and then ran tlieii' headli mni-ace around into l-"ri mt 
street, anil >ii nil tuthe hridjic nver the .\sstm|jink creek, to prevent, if pos^iMc, the escape uf the 
enemy. In thi< thi'V were only 
|iarlly s u r r es s f n 1 . ('nlnllel 
( iloxcr's hri.uade crossed t li e 
hridiic and was instantly posted 
on the hitrh iii-omid mi the creek 
just east of the hridiic. The re- 
port shows that foin- hunilred and 
seventeen men escaped and jiiined 
Colonel \"iiii 1 )iiiiiip as he w a s 
inakiii,!4 his retreat northward to 
Cencral I-eslie, at Princeton, 
(initea nninlicrof strairj-dcrs from 
the Hessian rciriments tried also 
to reach the hridiic. Many of 
them csea])ed, hut some Were 
hennned in on (Jueen street he- 
tween tlie force of Colonel ."^tark 
on Second street and the Ameri- 
can hriixade then in ]>ossession nf the hridi^e. 'i'hey surrendered in front of wliat is now the Taylor 
Opera House. .\s Sulliv.an's division came in front of the I'lvshyterian i-htn-ch lai Second street, 
a show of resistance was for a moment made, and Major \'on hceliow determined there to make a 
stand with the veterans of the \'on K nypliausen reuimcnt. Ihit the dauntless Stark would hrook 
no resistance, and he <-hart;ed them witli rdentle-s fury. This llcs-ian rcuinu'lit, too, was then 
]inshcd hack into the orchard. 

"The liall and Von I.ossheri: rc,i.'iment< had heeii huddled in the orchard. The three rcmaiuin.u 
field ollicers held a hrief comicil and determined to hivak throu-h the .\merican forci- and march to 
Princeton. They noticed, however, the doulilc lino of Stephen and De Fermoy on the IJrunswick 




Orooi Hiu-DCT'a Maiiazino Uopyncbl, 18i>9. by Harper & Brotbcra. 

AssrvrixK ItiMix.i:, Ilrri.T iv 17fiO. 



THK CITY OF TRKXTOX. 



47 




UJj 




roail, mill (.'aiitaiii Ftn'i-rst's six-L;un lialtny was just tliiii placcil in pdsitinii near tlic Fricnils' 
incctinii'-liiiUHr nil Tliird. wuw llaii(i\i-r, strrcl. 'I'Im' (inlcr In lire was aliniit In ]h: L'ivrii wlic-ii tlic 
Hessians. srciiiiuL! I'l'i' tlir lirsl tiiiic in vializr that tlicy were suiTniiiiiiid liy sn]i( rinr iminlna-s, 
lowered tliiir staii(laiii> aiai Lirniindiil tlitir :jiiiis, wliilc tlic nllircrs put tliiir lial> nii tlic |"iints nf 
their swnids. (icncial l.ioil Sliiliiii: mdc |ni\\:ii'd and l.iculcnant-t 'nluiid l'"raii<-is ScliclTcr, tlicii 
till' sciiiur ntliccr nl' tlic llo^ian liri^adc. siiiicndcicd liis swurd and lii> cuniniaiid tn liini. 'i'liis 
ccrcniuiiN' tnnk [ilacc mi llic cdLic nf the a|i|ilc nrcliard, cast nf what i> imw .MiiiitL:unici-v street — 
we niav enrrcctly say, nn the Iwu hincio, nnrlh and ihc 

twn Mnidcs east nf the cnnicr nil which the I'lisl-Ollicc 

^tand^. 

'■'l'lic\'iin Kiiy|)hanscii reuiniciit essayed lirsl to 
inarch dnwn ajnii'^ the Inw L:i'i>inid ti<i the creek I'min 

the nrcliard tn the stnlic liridlic, and sn tn escape, hilt 

they I'niind tlic hridnc guarded hy the Aincricans. 
Thcv tried alsn tn t'nrd the creek, and ill this a few 
succeedcil. d'lieir cuininandcr, Majnr \'nn I )cclin\\ , 
had liecn hadly wnnndcd, and had ■.^i\cii hinisell' lip a 
prisniicr iif war. The Iwn l:iiiis (hc\' had with Ihciii 
Were mired in the marshy slmrc nf the creek, and 
eollkl lint lie jiiit nut. 'I'liey lic:ird alsn that llic nthcr 
Hoi^sian re,i;iiiierits had sin'reiidcrcd. and they saw l.nid 
Stirling, with his hriiiade, pnshiiiLi- nn tliinnL:h the 
nrcliard tnward them, 'riicii tlic\', tnn, urninnled llieir 
arms near where the Mnntunincry .^tnct hrid^c einssi's 
the ereek. 

" The news nf the surrender was taken in 
\\'a>liiliL;tnii hy his aide, Cnlniicl liaylnr. ,\ few 
mnmi'iits afterward, Majm- W'ilkinsnii, SI. Cl.iii's 
aide, rnde np, and W'ashinutnii pressed Ihc hand 
(if the linyish snldicr, with the leinaik, "'riiis is ;i i;lniinii- dav I'nr niir cniintiw Majni- Wilkinsnn. ' 

''The tide nf the inisfnrl lines nf the war had iinw heen Inriicd. and llie 1 )ccl;iialinn nf 
Independence h.id hccn made a reality hy this first hrillianl strnke (>\ \ictnry. l!all wa- imw carried 
frnm ihc Melhndi-I ihiiivh tn his nwn (piartcrs. dviiiLi. (leiicraU \\'a-liiiiL:lnii and (■rceiie called 
nn liiiii dniiiiL; llic innniiiiL: and tnnk his parnle. .and prnmised him kind trcalnieiit I'nr his men. 
lie died nil the lAciiiiii: nf |)cccnihcr L'Tlli. and was hiiriid in the l're<hyleri.aii ;:ravcyaril. 

"The ln>> nf tile .\iiicrieans was twn nlliccrs and 

Iwn enli>lci| men Wninuled. Nunc were killed. The 
llc~<iallS ln>t li\e nlliccrs killed aiid li\e wnimdcd : 
si \lccii enlisted men killed .and se\enty-li\e wnuiiilcd. 
Tw eiit\'-l'nnr Hessian snidiers were knnwn tn have heen 
hiiricd in this villaLic (leiieral W'ashin.irtnii ri'iinrteil 
thai nine hnndred and eiL:litccn men had heen ni;iile 
prisniicrs nf war. The .\nierican ai'iny alsn tnnk six 
hrass three-pnuiiders, fnrty hnrses, niic tlmusand stand 
nf anus and fifteen cnlnrs. 

''A cnnncil nf war was called at imnn, ami allhoil.L'li 
( M'licral ( iieeiie and ( 'ulniicl Knnx m'L'eil a rapid |Uir- 
snit nf Ihc flic, (ieneral W'ashinutnn ileeided to reemss 

the river in dialcly. and (lins seeiin his prisnners 

and the tmphies of victory. 'I'he niareli was then 
taken u\, hy the Kiver mad In McKnnkcy's I'erry. The weary palrints stepjied alon^r the road 
with glad hearts, and minded not the hail and rain which lhe\ had hnriic fnr sn many iiolirs, 
although more than one thousand of Washington's army were reported unlit for duly the next ilay. 
"The Hessian oflieers were taken to tint IJueks county jail, at Newtown, Direniher -JTlh. On 
Dcccmher 30tli and olst, the prisoners were sent to Philadelphia, heing paraded thmugli that <ily 



TiiE I>nr<;i„\s IIu I :-.!., Uiii.i;i: (_;i;n, Wamiim. ion 
Hkiji CorNcii, OK Wau. 




Oil. Kai.i/s IlE.U)iirAJc'ri.Rs, l"7t;. 



48 



TlIK (ITV OK TRENTON. 



for till' ])ur])()S(' of ins])irin<; the jKitriots, and showinir tlicin that tlir warlike llrssians coulil liu 
<-a|)turi'(l. l>onl (Icortrc (ii'niuiin, the t'olonial Secretary of Stale of Kiiit; ( leoriii- 111.. \oi<-e(| the 
oiiiiiioii of the ]ieo|ile of (Ireat liritaiu on tlu,< (linastrous lii;ht whi'ii he wrote, •All imr lnqirx ir<r< 
hhistiil In/ iliiil II iilidiijiti ii[}'(i!r lit Tri'iiliiii. 

The ell'eet of this hattle was eleetrieal. The eyes of the Colonies hail lieen turned U|Min the 
retreat throuj.di .lersev, and had the results heen other than ihi'V wi're, tin' Uritish. holdini;' .Xew 
.lersev — the ki'V to thi' situ.ition — woidd have cut the Colonies in twain. .\t this time, niauy 
people in New .lersev wia'e " ilisalTeeti'd " and. at liest, indilTeicul. The l'"nL;lish L;"o\ernnienl 
awaitc'il the nioun'nl wlieu they eould tlioi-. lULihly oruaui/.e the Loyalists, who had >c"ittei'c-d throUi;li 
"The Pines'" oi' had hi't-.dviai theuiseUew to the noi'lhern hill eountrv. and eouM '/wr i-urtr lilmirlii- 
for raids and depredations upon the farms of tliosi/ who hail lieen true to the pati'iotie eause. 
Xew .Ierse\-. 1 viui;- hel Ween the .\orth and ."^outli, plundered and devastated hy i^uerrilla soldiery ; 
the Colonies divided ; the Continental line and ndlitia Initehei'ed or Iuuil:'. and tlie leaders of tlie 
Revolution dvin,;,' as traitors in a rehellion — -ueh would have heen the result had not Washinudon, 
at a eritieal time, saved the Coiifedei-.ition and the hopes of an infant naliiDi. 



W'Asiii.Nirro.v's Cai.i, mo .\i;ms. 

William l>. Weeks, I'^sipiii'e. of .Xewark, a memher of the hai' of New .ler>ev. and the owner 
of a eolleetion of .lerseyana. whieh is in itself uniipie. furnishes to this llistm-y of Trenton a 
doeument whieh for the lirst time in this fm-ni appears in print. The oiaiiinal, whieh is priceless, 
now in Ml'. Weeks' ])ossession, is thus aeeuiately transerihed. and is self-explanatory : 

"To the Frienils of .\nu'riea in the State of New Jersey 

"The Armv of the .\nieriean St.ates under my Comni.and. heiui: lately irreatly reinforceil, and 
havinjj; atrain Entered the Slate of .New Jersey, 1 most wainily reipiest the Militia of Said State at 
this Important Crisis to Evince theii- love to their Countiy, hy holdly Ste|)|iinij: forth and defending; 
the Cause of Freedom. The I idiahitants may he assm-ed that hy a manly and Sjiiiited Conduct 
thev may now relieve their Distressed State from the I )epredatioMs of our Enendes, — I have there- 
fore dis])atehed Coll Neilson, Majors Taylor, Van iMuhui'iih and Frelinuhyseii toiiether with some 
other ( ientlemen of your State to call together and ICmhody your Militia, not douhtiuL: hut Success 

will attend tlieii- ICndeavours. 

" (uj : Washin.nton. 
"Trentown ( 

:{1 Deer 177(i" j 

This document, whieh is a sheet S-xlO inches, was oriiiinally folded thi'oui^h the center in 
hotli directions, making: a small, compact parcel. This leads to a supposition that it may have heen 
i^ivi'n to an e.Npi'ess rider, who read it to the people of the Stati' as he went alont;'. The active 
stimulus of the liattle of Ti'cnton was thus matei-i.ally increased hy a ]iei-sonal message fi-om the 
Commander-in-Chief, and its elt'ect must have heen to have niatei-ially aided the cause of tlu^ 
Colonies. Whatevci- may have heen the uses to which the doeunieut was put, it was returned in 
due time to (icneral W.ishinLiton, where it was found anion'j hi> pi'i\ate papers. 




CHAPTER VII. 




THE ATTK:*riTS TO MAKK TliKXTOX THE SEAT OK THP: 
FEDERAL ( loVERNMEN'T. 

The Pma'AHATiiiNs in ITSo fok, a Permanent Cai>ital— Concress Meets in Trextox, ox tiik 
SITE OF the .Mechanics National Bank BriLDiX(;, in 1784 — Trenton Selected, hut 
Congressional Action Defeated by the South — Land Speculation— The Comrromise 

Bet\vi-:en New England and the South — (Ieneral Lafayette's Two \'isits to Ti;enton 

The City the Temuorakv Cai'ital of the UNurED States in IT'.M) — Trenton ALmvEs an 
Offer ix LSUL 

ljl)I'(>N tlir site of tlic ^[ccliniiics Xational l'>:uik liuililini.'. din-iiii,' tlic Aiiicrii-an 

licvolutioH, stood tlic Bla/.iiii; Slai- ta\rrn, rmiarkalilc as tlir nici-tiiii:-|ilacc of 

tlic Congress of the Confcilcration. liy virliic of the cxiLTciicics of war, the wliinis 

or conYcniencL's of its nicmlicrs, or tlic inlliicucr lirouulit to licar l)v localities, 

('(inj.'rcss drifted from one place to anotliir, Dicriint;- iiioslly in I'liilailel|iliia ;iiiii 

/^ Ni'W 'i'ork. However, at tlie close of the Itevoliit ion, or in.liinc, 1 7^-">, |ire|iai-a- 

pAjX) tions were hail to select what was called a " |ierinaiieiil residence" for Confircss, 

(fy\ (s ''-^ a|)|ioiiitini: the Hi'st Monday of the following: ( )etoher to take into eonsii lent ion 

vJ such offers as miiiht he jnaile from as]jiian,!.' towns. .Iinie l^th thi' Leiiislalurc of 

New Jersey a;:rccd to olTer to yield to the United States jurisdiction over any district to the extent 

of twenty s(iuarij miles, and to yraiit ,c;i(),(XXJ in specie for the purchase of lands and the erection 

of huililinj^s. 

Tlic result of Conp:ressional action in Oetoher was to negative all the ofTers of th(> various States. 
On the seventh of Octol)er, Mr. Gcri-y. of .Massachusetts, for whom the ]iolitical device known as 
the "(Gerrymander" is named, moved "that huildiuL's for the use of Confrress he erected on tlie 
banks of the Delaware^ near Trenton, or of the Potomac near Cieorgctown." .\niendnients left only 
the names of the rivei-s, and a linal resolution that the site stiould lie "near the Falls " — that is, 
near 'i'renton on the New Jerscv side, or in Pennsvh'ania on tin' o])posite hank. .V c(innnittee of 
five was a]ipointc<l to view the respective situations and report to Congress. 

At this time hesran to apjiear those sectional jealousies and strifes which culminated in the War 
for Seeession. in the selection of any town north of .Ma-on and Di.xon's line, the Southern States 
felt that their claims for recognition wen; heing slighted. As a matter of fact, the Journals of Con- 
gress show that up<in the day after the a]ipointment of the coinmittee, .a motion was madi- to 
reconsider the pi-oceedings, "in order to fix on some other ]ilaee that shall he more central, more 
favorable to the Cnion, and shall a]iproaeh nearer to that justice which is due to tlu! Soutliern 
States." This failed of its |iurposc. 

-New l'ai'_dand favoreil Trenton, hut the resolutions offered by the Southi'rn mendiers show that 

they were solicitous concerning the growing ])olitica] and economic importance of th(; North, and 

were bent on securing part of the honor of the young Re|>ublic. Madison wrote to R;uidolpii, on 

October l.'Uh, ITcSo : " Trcutou was ne.xt proposed, on which ([uestiou tlie votes were dividid by 

G 



50 TIIK CI TV OF TllENTON. 

the river J)rla\varc. The vicinity of its falls is to hecuiuu the fiiluru si'at of tliu Federal Goveru- 
iiieiit, unless a conversion of some of the Eastern States can be efYcctcd." 

Now came the resolutions proviilinjr for a com|)romise capital, one on the Delaware, the other 
on the Potomac. an<l until the liuil<lini:s were erecteil. Congress should meet alternatelv at Trenton 
and Aniia])olis. In I )fcciulier, 17''^''5, in olx'dienee to the resolution, Congress met at Annapolis, 
wlu'ro the <iUestion conci'rning a Federal city was again discussed. Francis Moi»kinson, of IJorden- 
town, in his " rntelligence K.xtraorilinary,"' described the new nieelianisui of government as a 
pendulum vibrating between Annapolis and 'I'l-cntou. 

In the nn'antinu', tlie citizens of Trenton were active. Dr. David Cowcll, who died l)ecend)er 
bSth, 17S;>, left ClOO to Congress "if they settle tliemselves at bamberton," which the "New 
Jei'sey Gazette" of that period annnvuiccs as probably tli<' lirst legacv' ever given to the Cnited 
States. DiU'ing .\ugust. 17^1. to the .N'cw .lersey Council was presented a memorial from John 
Cox and associates, citizens of New .lersey and Pennsylvania, jiraying ten miles square might 
be laid out on the Delaware. (Hall.) 

It was on the lirst of Xovendier, \7>^\. that Congress met in Trenton. Tn si.K weeks, Soutli 
Carolina moved for adjoiu'iunent, and e\ery elTort was made tu have the alternate se.ssion arrange- 
ment l'cpeale(l. 

The N'ordicni members lirld their grounil, vote(l SIOO.ODO for buildin'.:~ and on the twenty- 
third of |)eccmbcr an oi'iliiunice wa.- introduci'd, as follows : 

"/>'(■ if iinhtiiKiJ III/ l/ii: I'liiUil Sillies^ in ('niij/rrA'i (tsxcinhliil. That the i'es<ilut ions of the 2IHh 
instant. r<>specting the ert'cting of buildings for the iisi' of c(int;i-e--. be ciiri'iid into clTrct without 
delay ; that for this purpose threi' con^llis^ione|■s be appointed, witli full power to lay out a district 
not less than two, iku- exceeding three miles S(|uare on the liaid<s of eitlu'r siile of the Delaware, 
not more than eight miles alio\c or belnw tln' lower fall< thereof, for a federal town : that they be 
authorized to purchasi' the soil, ur sui'li pai't of it as they may judgi' necessary, to be paid at pro))er 
instalments; to I'ntei- into conti'aets for erecting and completing, in an I'legant manner, a federal 
house for the accommodation df congri'ss, and for the t'Xecutive ollicers thereof ; a house for th(; use 
of the president of Congress, and suitable buildings for the i-esidenee of the secretary of foreign 
alVairs, secretary at war, secretary of Congress, secretary of the marine, and ollicers of the treasury ; 
that the said connnissioiiers be empowered to di-aw on the treasury of the I'nited States for a sum 
not exceeding one lumdi'i'd thousand dollars for tli<' pui-pose aforesaid ; that in choosing a situation 
for the imildings. due i-igard be had to the accummodation of the states with lots for houses for the 
use of their di'legates respectively; that on the '.iltli day of December instant, congress stand 
adjoiu'iied to meet at the city of New ^'ol■k, on the lltli day of Jamiary following." 

The Scuith fought this plan, but the ordinance was linally adopteil. Congress a'Ijourne(l on 
the day after the decision, having aekiiow led^ied the attentions of the J,egislature of the State and 
the exertions of the iidiabitants of the town in pro\'iding the miMubers with accomm<idations. 
(jougress met in .\ew ^'ork on the eleventh of .lantiarv. l!y the middle of Feliruary, 1785, the three 
Commissioners were chosen, beting Philip Schuyli'r, of .New York : Philemon Dickinson and Robert 
Morris. Upon Mr. Schuyler's declining, .Fohn llrown w.as put in his place. Xoin' of these were 
members of Congress. .Mr. Dickinson w.as an inhabitant of Trenton, residing at the "" Ilcrnntage." 
a miliM)r so west of the town, and Mr, .Morris had an estate on the opposite side of the Delaware, 
now the town of Morrisville, named for the eminent " Financier of the Revolution."" 

Land speetdation became a factor in the problem, and the following ailvertiscment ("New 
Jersey Ciazette," ]\Iay, 1785) shows the feeling of the tiiue- : 

Joseph Higbee ofl'ers for sale "a valuable tract of land, contaiiung three hundred acres, 
situate within three nnles of Trenton, in the county of iUirlington and town-hi]i of Nottingham, 
and within a mile of Lamberton, where it is I'Xpected the Federal town will be built."" 

'i'he personal inlluence of General Washington was brought to bear to crush the Trenton capital 
plan. On the eighth of |-"ebru.irv, 17>>'), he wrote from Mount \'ernon to Itichard llemy Lee, 
President of Congress, " By the time yotu- Fi'dcral buildings on the baidcs of the Delawai'c, along 
the [loint of a triangle, are lit for the reception of Congress, it will be found that they are very 
improperly placeil foi- the seat of the emi)ire, and will have to umlergo a second erection in a more 
convinient one." 



THE CITY OF 'l'n]':.\TON. 



51 



On .\|iiil ■'>tli, \~X'i. (Ik lii'sl :i]>|iici|]i-ialiuii \i> the ('(iiniiiissioiicrs was callccl to|-iiv tlirCcmi- 
iiiittrr 111' Sii|i]iliis — •• Fiilcial I'.uililiiiirs, .^.'lO, ()(.)()." .Mi'. Oraysdu, cf \'iri;inia, iiiuvcil its rrfusal, 
liiit lir was ii\cTnili'il. 'I'lini, on niutiini nf Mi-. I'inrkncy, that vnti' was rrcDnsiiliTiMl. ami tlii' 
iviinrt was i-fc(ininiittc(l. llcrr tin/ niatti-r vcstrd until tlif twcnty-sci-nnd of Sc|itrinliri-, wlirii tin- 
a|i|)ro|iriation of S.'JO.OOI) coniin;:- lii'f..n' tlir House, .Mr. (Icn-y inovnl to niakc it tin- w lioli' sinii (jf 
61(.)U,()UU. Jii the nii'antiinr, the a( tion of tlic Sonthci-n mnnliri-s had so inlluinc-id ( 'oii'.:rcss tliat 

none of the States except .Nhissachusetts and Xew -lersey voteil for it ; ',i|ion wliieh, ( lotion of 

Mr. Hardy, of Virginia, the item was entirely stricken out of the hill. Thus ilied the project tu 
make Trenton the ('ai)ital of the United States, and the lila/.iiig Star tavern, where the dehates took 
jdace, lapses into history. 

It is of further interi'st to kno\v that in accordance with the Constitution of 17^7. which con- 
tained a ]irovision im]ilyini!- that the scat of L:ii\eininenl should lie pl.ii-cil in a district " not cxceerjint,^ 
ten miles sipiare," Xew .Ici'scy aLiaiu made an otlcr. The convention of .\c\\ .lerscv whiili ratilied 
the ( 'on^titution recommended to the j.euislatnri' to cntia- into the conipctiliou for the capital, whi(di 
they did hy a liill, Septcndiei' Dth, 17>i.^, olTeiauii the rccpiisili' ten'ilorv. 

1 n Scptendier, 17>^'-*, .Mr. l-^has IJoudinot, in the lIoUM'of i;cpi'cscnt!ili\-es, once more proposed 
'•'tile hanks of cither side of the ri\er l)clawai'e, not nan'c than eii;ht mih's ahove oi' hclow the 
lower falls." It failed I ly a vote of four to forty-six. 

I'nfortuuatcly, the suliscciuent histoiy of the selec- 
tion of a capital for the Cnited States was undonhtedK- 
a (|Uestion of harter. The North and South compro- 
nnsed on national assumption of dehts and a site foi- 
theca|iital, the S<inth consent in^ to cciitrali/.inu' schemes 
of financierim;' and the North voted for the Potomac 

.\n incident of the session of Congress in Trenton 
durin.ij; the fall and early A\intci- of I7>^4 was the \isit of 
the ^[anplis i\i' l>afa\'ette. who ari'i\'ed here flom the 
South on Tliui'sda\-. the tenth of l)cceinlicr, and vi>ilcd 
Congri'ss ne.xt da\'. .V i-onLiressional connnittcc of one 
from ea(di State, of which Mi-, .lay was <'hairni.-in, 
received the .Mai-ipii,- in the ('om/ress chamlier. lie 
was assured that Conn'i-ess continued to cntirlain the 
same hiirh sense of his ahilities and zeal to promote the 
welfare of .\m erica, hotli lici-c and in Fnropc, w hich they 
have fre((iu-ntly e.x|)r<'ssed .-nid manifested on foi-mcr 
occasions, and whi(-h the ri-ceni marks of his attention 
to their commei-(-ial and other intcn-sts have perf(-(-tly 
(-ontirmed. .\s his uniform and unceasing' attachment 
to this country has resemhled that of a patriotic citizen, 

the I'nited States would evei' regard him 'vitli partii'ulai' alTcction. and wo\ild not cease to feel an 
interest in whatever may concern his honor and pros[ierity, and Ih.-it their hest and kindest wishes 
will always attend him. 

To tlie-e sentiment^ ( li'Ucral Lafayette responded in a wel I -chosen address. The Legislature of 
New Jersey was in session in 'I'rcnton. and the nieiidiers, througli ( lovernor William Livingston, 
President of Council, and P>enjannn \'an ('le\c, Spe.dar of the House, also presioited an address to 
( ieiH'ral Lata vctte. 

Jn 1.S24, forty years after this 'l"rentt)n eclel)ration, General r.afayelle relurneil to the United 
States. In his tour he arrived in Ti'enton on Saturday, the twenly-lifth of SeplcndnT. Next 
morning he attended puhlic worship in the church ; afterward he visited Joseph lionaparte, at 
i'.ordeiitown, and returned to spend the night. lie hrcakfasted here a.gain July Hith, IS-J."). 

President .Moin'oe (who was wounded in the hattle of Trenton), on his tour of 1S17, arrived 
liere on Saturday, Jime 7t)i, and attended wcir>hip the nexi day in the I'n'.shyterian church. 

In 17'.!'.), Trenton had the honor of again hecoming the seat of tlie national government. Tlie 
yi-Uow fever hail almost deciniate<l Philailelphia, in cousei|nenee whereof the Secretary of the Navy 
urged President .\rlains to follow liis Cahinet, remarking that " the oMieers arc all now at this place, 




w'-i ^' ^ 



1/ n. W/ ]m'- 



\\ I \\\i L]\|N sr N <_ \ I UN K, 1776-90. 



r,2 



TIIK CITY OF TRENTON. 



and not liaiUy aeroniniodatcil." Tlir I'ri'sidciit was reluctant to conic. lie had written in 1797 of 
the "]winful e.\perieiiee" liy wliicii he had learnerl that Congrcsf- could not find "even tolerahlc 
accommodation" here. However, he pnimised to lto \>y tiic middle of Octoher, submissively 
assurinir his corresi)ondcnt, " 1 can and will put up with my private secretary and two domestics 
only, at tlie first tavern iir lirst pi'ivate house I can lind." He arriveil (in the tenth, and on the 
next day was ^reeled witii lirewnrks. He found "the inhahitants of Trenton wniu^iit up to a 
])itch of political enthusi.isni tiiat siu'prised him," in tiie ex])eetation that i.ouis .Will. wi>uld \h: 
soon restored to the throne of i'^-an<'e. ( " Worlvs of .lolni .\daiiis," \dls. 11. , \'ii.. IX.) .\dams 
had at this time a conference of six clays with llanulton and other memhers of his Cabinet before 
tlioy coulil aiiree on the French husiness. (liandall's ''Life of -Icffersoii. " vol. 11.. p]). 496-8.) 
The above citations are made fi-om Hall's "History of the I'resliytcriaii Church." 

Tlie linal attempt made by Trenton to be erected into the seat of (rovernmcnt was made upon 
i)eccndier 2d, bsOl, when the House resolved unanimously, "•that the members re]irescntin<; this 
state, in the ('oni^ress of the I'nitcd States, \>v and they arc hereby rcipic>ti>d, if Conj^ress shmdd 
resolve to move, foi' the purpose of better accommodation, from the cit\' of \Va,shin<;ton, to tise 
their best etforts to procuri' their removal to the city of Trcutou ; and they are hereby authorized 
to ])rolVer, in the name of this state, the State House ami other puMic buildings Ijclonginu; to th(? 
state for the use of conirress and tln'ir oflicers, for any liaitrth of time that the congress shall wish 
to occupv them, and that his exeellencv, the governor, be reipicstcd to transmit n copy of this 
resolution to the members of t'ongress from this state, to be used bv them as occasion ma\' olfcr.'' 







CHAPTEIi YITT. 



WASIIIXCTOX'S ItKCKITlOX IIV THE I'KOI'I.K ()F \K\V .IKKSKV IX 17s;i. 

The CoNSTITITIn.NAL (ll i\- i:i: \ M IC.NT EsTAHLISII ICD AM) W ASH I \l ;T( l\ I'.KCdMKS 1 'UKSI DKNT — I 1 K 

Leaves Aijcxamihia, ami his Phh.ahkli'hia Wei.i ome— I lis Ahvent in 'Pi,m:m(in and the 

PkEPARATIIINS for his RecEI'TIOX TunsE wild TnnK I'aiIT 'I'ilEKElN W ASH I Nc ,Tu\' s l.ETTEK 

— Trextox Commemorates the Death ok (Iexeiiai. Wasimxhtox — ISenmamix IIakhisox, 
OxE liuxHREii Years after, Follows ix thio Fooistioi's of \\'asiiix(.tox — Ai'tiox of 'ihe 
New Jersioy IIistorhal Society. 



■^j^^^ I!I'^X'1'( )X"S ]i:ii't in till' Aim ric-.iii Itcxdliilioii is i-cinlcnil doiilih- iiiti-rrsliiii.' liv 

\ vii'tnc of sulisi'(|iii'iit events. The ihiiieen Colonies, in the :iilo|ition of tlu' Coii- 

f stitntion, threw nsiile their soverei^'nty ami lieeaine (he I'nitecl Slates, whose first 

I'l'esiileiit Avas (leoi-Li'e Washinu'ton. In ITTli, (ieneral Washinulon hail tnrneil the 




"^T^^ ^''''' "' hattle. ami ill \7S\), ujnin the sixth of .\|iril, the .\nieriean Coiiijrcss 
^te) ileclareil him to he the Chief Kxeeutive of the infant nation. In ohcdiencc to 
the (lenianils of his eoimtry. the hero of the Kevolntiim left his plantation on the 
hanks of the I'otoinae to miiile tlic civil government anil assume new duties as the 
Father of his Country. His |iriit;ress northward from Alexandria was marked hy 
siiontaneiius demonstrations of |io|iular alVectioii. Ovations at all the lar<.'e towns 
testified to the fjratitude of the eiti/ens of \'irL'inia, Maryland and i'ennsylvania. New Jersey, 
whose soil had lieen reddened with the hlund of )iatriots, outvied her iieii.diliors in her enthusiasm. 
The news that Ceiieral \\'ashinL:ton was tlie L.oiest of the City Tavern, in l'hilai|el|ihia, upon the 
afternoon of Ajiril 2()tli, altraeled many .lerseymeii to tln' metropolis of the Delaware Valley and 
prepared the way for a welcome, truly royal, which New Jersey gave hiiu upon the following day. 
The event is thus descrilied hy (liaieral Stryker : 

"Aliout ten o'clock on the morning of .\]iril "ilst, ITSO, lie left I'liiladelphia in the midst of a 
disagreealile rain. He was now riding in a close carriage, having as his companions IJeutenanl- 
Colonel David Hnmplireys, an aide-de-cam]i on his stall' during the war and for sonu' months a 
mem her of his ii\\n lioiisehold at .Mount \'crnoii. and Mr. Charles Thomson, the Secretary of the 
Lite Continental Congress, 'i'lic Philadelphia 'i'roop of Light Horse escorted llicni heyond liie 
limits of the city. 

" It wa.s nliout two o'clock that day when th(> carriag(> arrived at the old stone ferry-house at 
Colvin's FeiTV, now Moirisvillc Here I'atrick Colviii, the owner of the ferry, took charge of the 
Presidential jiarly and ]ierson.illy ferried them over the Delaware river. At the Trenton landing, 
near the tavern of Rensselaer Williams, thi- party was met l>y (ieneral Philemon Dickinson, 
Major Piichard Howell, afterward (lovernor of the State, Ilev. James F. Armstrong, Chief Justice 
David Hrearlev. Dr. Israel Smith and other leading I'ilizeiis of Trenton. He was greeted also 
liy 'an admiring concourse' of the iidiahitants of ISloomshury and I.amhcrton, who liad gathered 
on the river hank. Captain Pernard Hanlon's hattery (ire<l a .salute, and tiic troop of jior.se. 
commanded hy Captjiin Isaac (Xule, tlie light infantry eompanie.s uf Captain Hanior, Captain 



THE VVYY OF TRENTON. 



.Mmin, ('a|itaiu Ahraliain ("layponl ami Caiitaiii Alliniiarlu t'oUiiis. ruriiii-il tlic i-seorting culuinii 
intn the villain' of Trenton, (iencral AVasliin^ton ami lii.s suite Iktc inimntcd Imrses preparc(l fur 
tlu'in, ami in this niannc-r prDrccilcil up tlir i'^crry mail and tlirnc-c tciwanl tlir hriduc over the 
As.sunjiink crfck. 

'' The cDlunni stalled IVuni the I'erry at just three u'eloek, anil the I'ullnwini: was the (ircler of 
the proeessidU : 

" I'arty nf 1 lorse. 

'•The ia.uht lutantry. 

"Mis Jv\celleuey nn hcirsehaek, attended hy Mr. Secretary Thnnisnii and Cohinel Humphreys. 

••The Li.-lit Horse,' 
"Till' (iiiitlenieii of the town and neiLihhorhood <in h' iiseliaek. 
''At the hl'idli'e over the ereek thi' ladies of TreUlou liinl formed a plan to testifv to ( ieneral 
W'ashinuton their appreciation of his noMe deeds and the lo\-e whieh the whole nation fell for its 

LH'eat deli\'el'el'. Here he liad eaptUl'ed a hod V of liessian 
niei'eenai'ie^. inidei' Colonel Itall. who had done all that 

had men could do to injure the 'j: 1 |ieople of the 

.lei'sevs. ( )n this verv spot he had withstood for hom's 
the advance of tlie llritish. and aftia'wai'd had ]ierfornied 
one of the masterly movements of the war. Durim,' 
these eventful t W 1 1 Wei'ks he had nearly freed the entire 
State of an insolent foe. In iirateful meinoi'v of the 
sueeessf\ll issue of the i!e\'ohlti< Pliary stiamille, the ladies 
prepared for Washington a iceeption which was |ieculiar 
in the L;iiod taste displa\cd. and which ceilainlv was 
,_ inten~el\- i:i-atif\-ini;' to him. 

^y'f^N ■•On the north side of the hi-id-e an arch ahout 

/I'-Vjil^^ twenty feet IiIliIi was l-.aiseil, supported on one side hy 

se\-en and on the otliei' hy six pillars. The arch was nearly 

twent\' feet wide and aliout tweh'e feet in IcULltll. Each 

of the thirteen ])illars was entirely coverc(l with masses 

of i'\(rL;i'cens and wi'eaths of laurel, and the arches ahove 
General I'liiletnuu Dul^insou ,' , ■ , i • i i , • i i 

wei'c eloselv twnieii aiiout With the same inatenal, and 

festooned inside with loUi: ropes of laurel and the llowcrs of early sprini;. On the s<iutli side of 

the archway, the side which lirst a|ipe.-ired to the I'resiilcnl iai parts', an insci'i|ition in laruc gilt 

letters on a hliic ground was fasteiii'd. and l>e:iutifiill\' ornamented with llowcr,- : 




'iiii': ni:ri;Nhi;i! of tin-; Moiin:i;s wii.i. la: riii; I'KorKCToK ay tiik nArniiTioHs.' 

".Miove this arch was a circlet of laurels and llowers, wreathing the dates of those two event.s 
just rcferrc'd to : 

' Di^eeniher 2(\, 17711 — .Tamiarv 2, 1777.' 



"On the top of this mass of evergreens was .-i laige siinllower. which was intended to 
emhlemi/.c the .\mericaii jieople. wlio turned toward him as the c.mly Sun which would give lifi' 
and wai'iiith to (he Imrlv politic. 

"The structure had Immu erected the day ]irevious hy workmen in charge of Benjamin Yard, 
and the ladies had hci'U husy all the morning putting in position the wreaths and eiiihlems which 
they liad with such taste prepared. ISeiieatli this arch Ociicr.il Washington must ]iass to enter 
Trenton. 

"As he came to the high ground on Mill Hill, some two humlrcil yarils helow the (a'ei'k, the 
lieautiful triumphal arch appeareil. Uut as he passed through the archway with uncovered head 
a still more lovely sight greeted him. On the one side of the arch he .saw si.K little girls dressed in 
white carrying haskets of llowers : on the other side, thirteen young ladies to reiiresent tlie several 
States, who weri' ilressed in a similar style, and also had liaskcts lilli'd with Ihuvers. l]eliiiid all 
these a numher of the matrons of the town and neighhoring villages. 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 55 

"As ^\'asllini:■tull cutri-cil the ardi the six lilllr ;;ii-ls lici^aii In <\\\<^ a lirautirul mlc which liad 
l)een writtrn liy Majm- Itidianl Ilu\vcll, ami which, under {\[r insli-iiction i>( [\vv. James !■". 
Arnistrdiig, they jicrtuniicil with c\(|uisitc sweetness : 

" W elcdnie, nii^ht V ( 'hiel' ! (ilice lIKH'e 
W'elcdllle I" this L:fatefnl shnre ! 
Xiiw no nicreiaiai'v fnc 
Aims a,L:ain the fatal hlow — 
Aims at tliei; the fatal l)l(i\v. 

" N'iriiins fair, ami Matmns t;i'a\ c, 
'I'lmse thy ci)Ui|nei'inu' arms did save, 
lluild for thee tl'imn|ihal how el'S, 
Strew, ye fail-, his way with llowcrs — 
Strew yoiii- Hero's way with llowers 1 

"The til'st four lines were >nn;,: iiy hotli matron- and yiHini; ladies, the youm; ladies saiiLT the 
fifth line, the matrons the lirst [jai't and the yoiim;- ladies tlic last |iai-t of the sixth lin<', then hoth 
sang the next two lines, the matrons the ninth, the young ladies the tenth line. 




i3 .i^^o")^- ^^ 



1 •■•\' 







i^ 






\V.\SIIINc:Tf>N'.S Ul-:C]:i'Tlo.N- .\t 'rilK.NXnN. 




\NN 



" His horsi' paced slowly through the arch, and as the last two lines of the ode were sung the 
pathway was strewn with llowers hy the young ladies and little girls. (u'Ueral Washington howed 
fve([Uontly on eithei- side in res]Kinse to thi- novi'l giveting. and his deep emotion could not in tlie 
least he <-oiicealcd. 

" From all tin- information which could he ohtained from one of the ]iarticiitants in this n'c<'p- 
tion who was living in the vear 1S.")(), fi-om one who died in I'stil ami anotlna- in \X~\, from ntiiers 
who rcmemlMr to have seen it. and from tradition in the faunlics of Trenton, it is helievcil tliat tlie 
following wore the matrons who assomhled at the house of .lames Fwing, now the southwest corner 
of I'road and r,afavetti' streets, and who tool< chaige of the heautiful ceremonies on that oci-asion : 

".Mrs. Susannah .\rinstrong. Mrs. .Mary IJordcu. .Mrs. Susannah Calhoun. Mrs. Klizahclh 
Ch.imI.ers Mr-, l^sther Cox. .Mis. Mary Dickinson. Mrs. IClizahetli Ewing, Mrs. Sarah Furnian, 
.Ml-. Su-annah Cordon. Mi>. .Mary Ilanna, Mrs. Sarah How. Mrs. Kc/iah 1!. Howell, .Mrs. Mary 
Hunt, .Mrs. I'lsther l.owrey, Mrs. Sarah Milnor, .\rrs. .\nn Kicliinond, Mrs. .Mary Smith, Mrs. 
Rachel Stevens, Mrs. Annis Stockton, Mrs. Catherine Stockton, .Mrs. Jane Tate and Mrs. (!rac<' 



56 



THE (ITV OF THENTOX. 



W'uodi'ulf. The tliirtwn yminj; ladies \vlio rcpresentL'd the States were Miss Eleaiujr Annstronfr, 
Miss Eliza])eth Borden, Miss Elizabeth Cadwalader, Miss Catherine Callidun, Miss P^sther fox, Miss 
Mary Cox, Miss Mary Dickinson, Miss Maria Fnrnian, Miss Mary C. Keen, Miss Mary Lowrey, 
i\[iss Maria Mereilith, Miss Sanih Moore and Miss Margaret Tate. The six little L'irls wlm sanj: the 
ode of welcome were Miss Sarah Airy, Miss .IcniinKi llroadhurst, ^liss Sarah Cullins, Miss Sarah 
IIow, Miss Sarah 15. Howell and Miss Elizaheth Mihior. After the tribute of respect at the arch- 
way, tile escort jiroceeded to Samuel Ili^nry's City Tavern, on the southwest corner of Secon<l and 
Warren streets, where (iencral W'ashinLrtim dined with the |ii'inii|,:i| citizens of the place and held a 
receptiiiii in the ]iarlors of the inn. 

■"Late ill the afternucui he tmik cari'lan'c fur I'riiicctuii, the \[i\. Mr. .VrinstnuiLr accdmpaiiying 
him that far on his jduriicy. It is ;^'cnerally umlcrstood that they spent that iii.Lrlit at the residence 
(]f tlie President of the i-ollei.'e. the \[rv. l)r. .Idhii W'itherspoi in. 

'■ Durini; the afternoon a e<ipv df the sunt: with which the httle nirls had L'reeted iiini at liie 
Trent (111 lirid''e hail iiccn t;ivcii liiin. and he handed ,M i'. . V in ist rout: that even ii it: the t'ollnwintf letter : 



a^ 



tX,C.' 



y^^ ATX^^T^ ^^t^ fo-^ <:C^S^^,c.^«- y^Lr;!^ ^^^x^eS^ A-.<i/^ 






'sy-^ 



THE CITY OJ'^ TRENTON. 



57 



"This letter was read tlir lullnwiiii;- att<Tiioiiii at an assciiililaiic uf tlic ' \vliitc-nil)cil i-lidir ' at 
the rosiilenct' nf Dr. Isaac Smiih, mi Kin,;;-, now W'arrrn, strct-t, llie iiri,i„Tty nnw covered liv the 
American Hotel. 

[The letter, heinu' afterward printed and each lady receiving' a <-o|iy, was jiresiTveil in the 
original in the families of Dr. Smith, Chief .histice Ewini:- and the itcv. Dr. .\rnistroiii;.] 

"Leavin-- Princeton. ( Icneral Washin.u'ton met William Livingston, t lie War ( iovernor (jf the 
State, and they rode on to Woodhrid.ue, where they spent the night, it is .ueiierally thoutrht, at .John 
^Manniiin's inn. 

■■On the mornin,<;- of Tlnirsday, .\pril 2od, a nnmher of military com))anies marched to 

liridiictown, lower IJalnvay. and, witli a coiisideralile iiumlier of the <iti/.eiis <if the iieidiliorl 1, 

UK't theOeneral and escorted him into Isli/.ahctli Town. \\ here he ' reci'i\-ed .a feileral salutation.' 
After a po]i\ilar recepliou, he recei\id a committic of ( 'on.i;ress at the home of tiie Hon. Elias 
ISolidiiiot and theiKc repaired to l']li/,aliith Town I'oiiit. attended li\- a vast concourse of ueonle. 
He then rcvii'Wed the escortiiiL;' troops and took lea\i' of the partv of .Icrsevnien. 

"With tlie Congressional Coimuitti'e, witli whom wei-c Colonel Humphreys and .Mr. Thonipsem, 
at liigh iiooii he entereil a large Imat elegantly adorned, 
and maniieil hy tliirfeeii skillful pilots of the harlior. Tlii'\' 
Were all dressed in white sailor costume. 

"A large numlii r of smaller Koats. haudsoineh- fes- 
tooned. aciMimpaiiied liiiii. l"'lags wia'c ll\iiig from e\'ei'v 
vessel in the hay. With \ocal and inst i imieiital music, 
with the discharge of artillery and the loud welcome 
of the pcojilc. he reached Muriay's wharf, now Wall 
street, in the city of Nc\\ York, lietwi'cn two and three 
o'clock in the afternoon. Mere he was rcciaxcil liv 
George Clinton, the (ioxcrnor of the Sl.atc. .and llichard 
Varick, the Mayor of the city, and on ,\pril :')iltli Im' was 
inaugurated fi|-st I'residelit of the rnited Sl.ates." 

It is of especial interest to I'ec.all the occasion of the 
death of (icneral \\'a<liington, in which Trenton was 
deeply interested. Dr. -lolni Hall, ill his histoiy, states 
that a ]iulilic coinmiaiioiatioii thereof was ohscrved in 
Trenton on the foiutecnlli of .laniiaiy, IMK). Uy invita- 
tion of the (eivcnior and Ma\dr. with the I'ev. Messrs. 
Hunter. \\'addell .iiid .\iin^lroiig, on hcli.ilf of tlii' citi- 
zens, President Smith deli\ered the oration, and it was 
jmhlished. The late Dr. .lohnsoii, of .Xcwhiirgh, who 
was thi-n ill collegi', relates in his .\ iitohiograpli v (edited liy Dr. Carnahan, lS")())that a large 

numlHa- of students walked fr I'riiiceton to hear the oration. .\ procession was formed opposit<' 

the Ejiiscojial ilinrch. from which a liiia- was carried, pri'cedcil hy the clergy, and all passed to the 
State House, whia-e the ceremonies were performed. .\\ a certain staii/a in <iiie of the eh^giac 
songs, "eight heaiitiful girls, of ahoiil ten years of age, drcssi'd in white rohes and hlaek sashes, 
with baskets on their arm- lilleil with sprigs of cypress, rose from heliind tlie Speaker's seat," and 
strewed the cypress on the mock eollin. 

One hundre<l years after (Icneral Washington pa.sst'd through Treiiloii on the way to his 
inauguration, Ueiijamin Harrison, President of the I'liited States, followed in turn the route taken 
hy his predecessor. .V s]iecial train of parlor cars conveyed the President anil distinguished giusts 
from the Capital of the I'nited States to .\'cw Vork. \ change of plans lU'cessilateil tin' ahaudon- 
nient of a popular reception in Trenton, and the train passed through the town to EhzalM'tli, wiiere 
President Harrison was the guest of the late ( lovenior liohcrt Stockton Creeii. .\ truly royal 
welcome awaited the successor of (icneral Wasliiugtoii, and there th<' enthusiasm and palriolism of 
all New Jersey found its expression. 

To conimeniorate this event, the New Jersey Historical Society, upon the occasion of its liftielh 
anniver.sary, in May, LSI)'), presented President Harrison with a mcilal of superior heauty and 
workmaasiiip, being tendered OU the jiart of tlie S(j(;iety by President i^r'M, of Rutgers. PresicU'nt 







58 



THE CITY OF TI'vENTON. 



Scott ill his addiTss s])i)k(.' of tlic part New Jersey had j)layed in the fdriiiatidii of tlie Constitution. 
One of the few States to send ileleLjates to the Annapolis eon\iiilion, from wiueh res\ihed the plan 
of a more perfect union, it was noteworthy that '".lames Madison sketi-heil the national plan. 
William I'aterson claimed and sectu'ed throULih the tem[iorary .lersi'v plan the ])ermanent and ecpial 
recoi;nition of the States, ami Oliver I''llswoi-tli cleareil the way for the hlendinti plan in which the 
hriiilitest lite of each of these forces is eondilioinMl upon (he welfai'e of the other. James .Madison 
and Oiixcr l^llsworth received their first lessons in stateci'aft at the knee of Princeton inothi'r." 

The medal is of solid ,i:'old, made hy TilTany. The face hears tlu' likeness of (oMiriic W'asli- 
iuLiton. The reverse contains words of advice fr(an Washiniitoii and emlileins of the society and 
the seal of the society. The ollicei-s of the society ai'c : I'ri'^ident, Dr. Samuel 11. Peiminiiton ; \'ice 
Presidents, (_!enei-al William S. Stiykci-. Rev. Dr. (Jeo|-<i'eS. .Mott. .hiiiathan W. Hoherts ; I.ihrarian 
and Treasurer, lion. l-"i-eilerick W. Uicoi'd ; Corresponilinn' Secretary. William Xelson ; Kei-ording 
Secretarv, lamest i'l t'oc. 




CHAl'TEU [X. 



so:\fE iv\i;ly D^scijip'rioxs of 'riiKXTox. 




TiiK, JoritNAL (IF ^\'ll,I.lAM Imimimisox — Till: Li:Tri:i; of Maiii.hn Sr\rv — SMrrifs 1 )i;sri;ii'riii.\ 
— TnK Ti;a\-i:i.s (if M\i;ijiis di; CiiAsTin.Fi x — l'i;ii:si's .MisrAKi;< — Im.kanaii Waison \'isns 
THE Tow.v — "Sai.\lv(;inju" — Jiissnr and \\'a\si;v — 'I'm-; Dfkic di: la I!(m iii;foi iafi.t — !•'. A. 
jMichaux — (iiii;D<iN's " (Iazettkf:k." 

'UK Tl ISTl )lU('Arj :illnHii)iis to Tronldii, milled from :i \-ni-i(ly of sourcer;, frive us 
iiitri-i'stiiiu' piii pirtuns of the town ns it \v;is in rally days. 'I'licsc liiivr Keen 
ritrd. in many cases, n'rhalini. so lliat tlie vai'ioiis phages of eit\' iiio\\ili mav lie 
tlie lliol-e eomplitely i I hist la ted. 'I'lie 1 H A\ s| la | lel'S of XiAV ^'o^k. I'liihnlel pllia 
and lloslon, wliieli. uitli an oeeasional London L:a/elte. alone eireulated in 
eoloiii.al Xew .Jersey. Liivi' us litlle or no informalioii of a disrri|ili\e i-liaraeter. 
i'^roni tlie joui'iials of nn/ininii-s. and pari ieiilarly from the diurnal records of the 
tra\elinL: minister- of the Society of l'"ricnds, om- mn-t <earch foi- information. 
'Jdiesc excerpts include hut a sni;dl |iortion of lliosc which couM he ohtaincd. hut 
are niA'crthcless ai'rani;ed in Mich ehi'onoloiiical order that the LicuiTa! ^niwtli of 
the t(p\\ n may he rc;idily foUowi'd. 

The earliest lMiL:lish n.aiiic L:i\<'U to the laml now ociaipicd hy the city of 'rr<aiton was "The 
l''alls," or. as the early records h:i\-e it, ''ye iTalles of yc 1 )c La Ware" That the locality was 
verv earlv so called is pr(j\id h\- the jouin.il of \\ illiam Ldmiindson. traveling' minister of the 
Society of l-^'icnds. l.c,i\inL:' ShriAVshlirv, in .Moimajlith county, in the year KiTo. he traveled 
southwaril to .Maryland, ami thus dcscrihcs the incidents of lii» visit. ( )nc of a ]iarty startiiiLT with 
an Indian jruidc. they lost their way and retraced their >tcps to the liaritan river. There they 
found a >mall path Icadini: to Pclaware I'"alls. Thus says Ivlmimdson : 

" \\ f tra\'elled tli.at d.iw (iinl sair im Innn fri iilnrr. At lULiht we kimllcd a lire in the wihhrness 
anil lay h\- it. as we u-ed to do in such journeys. Xext day. ahoiit nine in Ihe morniiiL:'. iiy tlie 
fXood hand of ( lod. we came well to the I'alls, and hy his providence found there an Indian man. a 
woman, and ho\- with a canoe : so we hiri d him for some /r(0(/y«0)iyicr/ 1o lielp us over in the canoe ; 
we swam onr horses, and ihouiih the rixcr was hioad. yet Liot well over, and hy the diri'clions we 
received from friends. tra\ellcd towards I )elaware|ow n. [prohal'ly XiAvcastle.] alon;r tlie west side 
of the river. Wdicu we had rode some miles, we hailed onr horsivs ami refresheil ourselves with 
such provision- as wc had. fur us i/il in ircrr mil cunir hi mii/ ih/hiIiiIiiiiIs, 

The ilesi.L'uation of •■The {■"alls" prohahly died out hy 1 7'>". hut a sentinu'iit liML'ereil around 
tlic name for many years. As late as ]S-2\, there was incorporated in Trenton •• The llihle Society 
of Delaware Fall.-^"." 

In KiSO, Stacy wrote "From the Falls of Delaware in West Xew.Iersey'' (Trenton): ••Tliis 
is a most l)rav(' ])lace. * * '■'■'■ We liave wanted nothini: since wc came liithiT. ■•■ =■■ '■'■• They 
[the imnii.L'rants] improve their lands and liave L'ood <'ro|is." Stacy imlicates the immohilily of 
the Xorth Kn;.dish farmer when he wiys " I wonder at our Yorkshire people that they rather liv.' in 



60 TIIK (ITV OF TRKXTOX. 

servituiK' ■•■ * ^= tliaii stir out (if tlu' cliiumcy conior anil trans]i(irl tlu'insclvcs to a place 
* ■■■ =•■ wliiTr tlicy niiuht know licttrr liiinfrs." 

All extfciiicly interesting; )in'-KeV()luti<inarv view (if tlir vicinity of 'I'rmtiin inav In- hail in 
Smith's History ( 17()")). The ri\-er navi.Lr:ition aliovr Trenton was confnieil to tiie tronLihlike hoats, 
forty or fifty feet lonsr, si|Uare almve tlie head ami sterns. slo|iini;- foie ami aft. They were si.\ or 
seven fcH't wide, and drew ahout two feet of watei'. \vith a tonnat^e of li\e or si.\ hundred Imshcls of 
wheat. These l)iirlK\ni lioats were es|ieeially stroni;. and were roiistnuted to '•run" the ra])ids 
durilljr the sjiriiii;- and fall freshets. In l!urlim;tiin eounty, which lay to the south of .Vssanpink 
creek, jiork was a staple foi- West India trade, with luef, inuttoii. cheese and liutter for Philadel- 
phia markets. Of Ilunterdon county, in the southern coi-ner of which Trenton was situated, 
Smith says it "is the most populous and opulent county in the rrovincc The land is i!■elu■l■allv 
Jf|lod for tillaj;e ; wheat the staple. * * •■■ The coui-ts ai'e held at Tieiiloii. a |ilaci'of concourse 
and lively trade. It stands at the head of the tiilc and in a liiLdi pleasant situation : the inhahitaiits 
ha\e a pulilic lihraiw." 

In tile "Travels of the .Maripiis de ( 'lia>tellu.\.'" almut the ye.n- 1 7S.") (vol. I., p. KiS). he 
records his trip fi-om the classic and martial L;|-ouiid of l'i-iiiciton. He further says: 

" 1 arrived eai-jy at Trenton, having; remarked uotliiiiL; intei'estiuL; on the I'liad. unless it he the 
ln'anly of the country, which everywhere corresponds with the reiiutation of the .lerseys, callc'd the 
L'ardeii of .\nierica. < )n a pproachinu- Trenton, the road descends a little, and permits one to see 
at the east end of the town the orch.ird where the Hessians hastily collected and surrendered 
jirisoiH'rs." lie Liixcs a hiief i-c\icw of the liatlle of Trenton, of which it is truly said that it 
"was iicitlici- homiui-alile or di>lionoui-ali|c for the Hessians; hut which piovcs that no troojis 
e.xistinjr can he reckoned on. when they sulTcr themselves to he surjiriscd. " .\t dinner he found 
his ■■ headipiaitcrs well estahlished in a L;ood iim kept hy .I//-. WiUiniiis. The siiin of this inn is a 
philoso|ihical, oi- if you will, a political emhlem. It represents a heaver at woi-k. with his little 
teeth, to hrint: down a lai'LTc ti'cc and midci'iicath is w'l'ittcu I'lisi riiii<l<i.'' ( iovcrnor Liviniifstou. who 
was for so lonji the oliject of Toi-y venireance tliat he was ohliued to constantly chaiiiic his .■ihiilin<j;- 
j)la(!e, visited the .Manpiis, who speaks of His E.xccllency as "an old man much respected and who 
])iisses for a very sensiiile man." The Frenchman ami the (hivcruor took a "little walk hefore 
dinner," examining the einirons of the town. At dinner weri' the Maripiis. the (io\cnior, Colonel 
Moylaiid, .M. de (limat and two aides-de-camp of (u'Ucral Lafayette. A .Justice of the Peace in 
Trenton on husiness and a Captain of Ami'rican Artillery "came and set down at talilc with ns 
without any ceremony ; it heini;- the custom of the country foi- travellers when they meet at the hour 
of dinner to dine toL;'ethcr." The dimici- was excellent ; the wine rare and dear ; and, altliouirh the 
Justice and tlie Captain knew that the i-cp,ast was to he chav<;ed to the Manpiis, they "set off 
without saying a woi-d to me on the suhjeet." 

Priest, the I'^iiglish traveler, in .\merica 17'.l-!-!l7, made tlie curious mistake that has until tlii.s 
day marked the visits of r(ii/ii</riirs. He remained in Trenton over night, hut left hefore sunrise the 
iie.xt morirmg. a circumstance he niucli rcurelteil. as he wished to see the falls so worthy the 
attention of a traveler. He had confounded the Trenton falls, or Helaware river rapids, of a 
descent of ahout eighteen feet in six miles, with the Trenton Falls of West Canada creek. New 
■^'ork. Francis Rally, President of the Koyal .\stroiiomical Society of London, who \isitcd Xew 
Jersey in 17yG, .says of the falls, "tliese do not desei-\e the name ii[ falls, heing nothing more than 
a ledge of rocks reaching across the river, and ohstructing the navigation for large vessels." 

Elkanali M'atson. in his Memoirs, credits Trenton with only scxcnty dwellings, situate priu- 
ci])ally on two narrow streets running jiarallel (now Proad and Wai-rcii i. whilst the travels of the 
Duke de la iiochefoucault, Liaiicourt (17t),")-i)7 ), gives the town three hundred houses, mostly 
Wooden, those on the high street heing hest, ••hut verv uindcrati' in their ap|iearauce."' Isaac 
Weld, .Jr., iiuhlished his travels in 17S)il, and credits the town with two hundred neatly-huilt 
houses, four churches and commodious street.*. Melisli, in his travels, in lS0(i-()7. makes Trenton 
"a handsome little town, coutaining ahout two hundred houses." 

The situation of the town seems to ha\c sonictliing that takes the French eye. In l.'SO."), 
(leiieral ]\Ioreau estahlished his residence on the o)i))osite hank of the river, and .Joseph P.ouapartc 
was disajipointed in the ))urchase of a site adjoining (now in) the town, hefore he settled a few 
miles beluw. Moreau's mansion was burnt down on Christmas (lav, ISIL The stalile hecanie a 



TIIK CITY OF TRKNTOX. 



Gl 



inaiuifactdi-v. I'ihui liis first :irriv;il tlic (Imcral n-sidcd "at tlic scat uf Mr. Lc Cucn, at Murris- 
villi'."' P.y virtiir .if an ad (if l,(-islaturc ( Maivli ."itli, ISKi), the estate of laic ImiHlivd and live 

a.Trs was sold hy Moivan's cxccutdl-. tlircT yeai's after his fall at Dresden. It niav liave 1 n tlie 

re|intali(in of llie river seeiieiy that -ave tlie Idiit In tlii' wits nf •• Salnia-inidi," in the journal ..f an 
inia.iiinary travi'lev : " 'I'lvnlnn — huilt ah.jve the liead nf naviuatinn. tn ene.nnaiie enniinerei — caiiital 
(if the State — (inly wants a easth', a hay. a nidnnlain, a sea, and a Vdleann, In lieai- a stronir rt'scni- 
lilanee t(i the hay of .\a|iles.'' ( '• Salmaunndi. " hy li'vin;;-, I'anldint;-, ^-c. hS()7. ) (Hall) 

r.iissdt. tlie ( iircindist, whd died hy the ^iiillntine in IT'.I-'!, was hci'e in I 7.SS. " The taverns," 
he writes (■'Xdnveau Vnya.^v dans les l>;tats-iniis, fait en 17><S." .1. I'. I'.rissdt de W'arville. 1,, p. 
14.S), "are nineh (h-arer on this rdad than in .Massachusetts and ( '.inneet ienl. I paid at 'I'renton 
for a dirnier ;'.s. (id. numey df Pennsylvania. We [..issed the feny fmni 'rremdn at seven in the 
iiidrnini:. The Delawaic, which se|iarates I'ennsy 1\ ania tidni New -.h i-se\-. is a superli ri\-ei-. The 
pvospeet fmni the middle df the ri\-er is eliaiinin-. < hi the lii^ht ydU see mills and manufacldi-ies ; 
(in tlie left twd chainiiiii: little lnwns which nverlddk the water. The hdi'ders cf this i-i\-ei- .are still in 
their wild state. in the fdicsts which vnyrv them there .are sdiiie (aidinidiis trees. There are like- 
wise S(inie hduses, Imt they ai-e iidt e(|nal. in |idinl df siiii|ilc elcLiancc, td tlinse nf .Massachusetts." 

In IT'.U, an English tdurist says df nur td\vn : '■The hdiises jdin each dtlier, and fnnn reirular 
streets, very mneh like sdine (if the small tdwns in I )e\(inshire. The tdwn has a verv tiood market, 
which is well suplilied with liutchcl's meat. fish, and |idullrv. M.inv iinml shops are td he seen 
there, in genei'al with scats dii each side the entrance, and a step nr lud up intd each hduse." '{"he 
market prices on the day of this \isit were, heif Sd., luuttdii Id., \-eal Id. " This was de.-ircr tlian 
eomnion on twn aecnunts : the iircat (piantity lately iidimht np fdr c.xpditatidn npnii takini;- nlf the 
emharLr", and the Asseinhly (if the State hciiiL; then sitlini; at Treiitdii. hand here sells, (if the hest 
kind, at ahdut ten jionnds [twenty-seven ddllars] an acre." (••.Idurnal df .in l^xcursion to the 
United States in the Summer of IT'.ll," hy Henry Waiiscy. |''..\.S., a Wiltshire cldthicr. ) 

Tlie r)nke de la KdchefdUca lilt, ahdiit 17><t, m.ikcs this entry in his jdiirnal : •■.\h(iut a (piarter 
(if a mile hcydlid Tl-elltun is the p.lss;lL;c d\'er the l»el,iwarc hy a felly, which, thdUL:h ten sta<r("- 
coiiches daily jiass in it, is such that it wdiild he i-eekdne(| a vn-y had fc|-r\- in ICurdpe. On the 
farther side uf the rivei' the retrospect tn Trcntdii is, in a cdnsidcrahle dcLii'ec, pleasinL^ The 
iirdund l>etweeii that tdwn and the l)elaw.ai-c is snidiith. slnpint;, deciuatcd with the thiwers and 
vcrdiu'c (if a line meaddw. In the en\-irdns df the tnwii. tdd, ai'e a nuniher df handsdine villas 
which Lireatly cni-ich the lanilscapc." (■•Tra\'els in 1 7'.'d-'-l7, " vnl. 1., ]i. dl'.i. ) In .\pril, 17!'.'), 
I'eter Ildwcll ad\-ei'tise(l a '■twn-hdlse cdachcc" td lca\-c Trentnn I'lir Philadelphia e\-erv Wed- 
nesday and Saturilay. at eleven d'cldck. I>'are I'm- a passenger, P_'s. fid.; fdurtceii pounds of 
l)ag<ra,ue allowed. 

Tlie celehrated l''i'encli naturalist, F. \. Michau.x, S(in (if .\. Mich.iu.x, sent over hy Louis W'l. 
for botanical research, p.assing in iSOl', uives us this paragraph ; '".Vmong the other small towns hv 
the roadside, Ti'cnton sccnicil Wdithy of atteiitidU. its situatidii upim the Uclaware, the heautiful 
tract of country that suri-dinids it. ninst render it .i nei-t delightful place nf ahdde." ("Travels of 
Francois Andre .Michau.x.") Hy an act of .March od, 17'^li, the Pegislalin-e granted .^ndre, the 
traveler's fath(>r, [lermissiiin to hold land, iidt exceeding twd hundriMJ acres, in any part df the 
State for a hotanieal garden. TIk re is a ineinoir of {''rancois i who was the anllmr of the " .North 
American Sylva") in the "Transactions of the .\nierican I'hilosophical Society," vol. \'I. Three 
years hefore the alio\'e-nienti(incd act. the French Consul for .New Jersey olfcreil in the King's nanii' 
all kinds of seeds w lienc\(a- a hotanieal ;;ar(leli sholdd he estahlished. The I .cgisl.iture (Deceniher 
loth, 17''^-'>) made the iniicnioits i-epiv that as soon as they estahlished such a garden they should he 
glad to receive the seeds. 

In ps.'M, (Idi'ddu's '■ (lazetteer "' of .N'ew Jersey was issued. In the des(a-ipli(in of Tr.ailon 
it .says that theic is in the cit\- "a state house 100 x (iO feel, with how at either end. cupola 
and bell the hnilding is of stone, stuccoed in imitation of dark granite," together willi the (lov- 
ernor's residence, three lire-proof ollices, a haidc incorporated in ISOl, an acadi'iiiy, three hoarding 
anil (lav-scJiools for females and several eonnnon schools. Trenton, in local |iarlance, inclu(ie(l llic 
villages of Mill Hill, IJloomshury and Lanilierton, then in I'.iirlington county. The clnnchcs were 
Ei)iscoj)al, Presbyterian. I'liends'. l>a])tist. Reformed P>aptis(, itoman Catliolic, .Ab^thodist and 
African Methodist. Trenton proper included I -J ■'> dwellings, l.'i taverns, about :'.0 stores ; Mill Hill 



62 



TIIK CITY OF Tr.KXroX. 



lincl 7'"^ (lui-llinji's. 1 slcircs ami I iavri-iis ; ni(icini>liui'y hail II") ilwilliiiiis, 2 stoves anil ") tavi-i'iis, 
anil LaniluTtiin (>4 dwolliiiiis, 2 stores ami 2 taverns. A liur nf s1eanil)oats ran ilaily tn I'liila- 
(lelpliia anil staurs tlii'iT times jier ilirni tn tliat city, as well as New ^'urk. T.ueal lines served 
i'rineetnn ami the nii-al ilistriets. The Stale Prison, at [.arnherton, had ai rnnnmnlation for 1")() 
ennviets. "'rile I'ranird hridui' nver tlii' l)ela\varc," havini;- a span nl' I.IHO IVrt. dnnhlr earriaire- 
wav and fiint-|iaths, "■ resting on the eni'ds nt', and suspended frimi, a series nl' live arches supported 
on stiine piers." was "much admired I'lir its liditness trrace and stri'ni:lh." Two cotton mills mi 
tlie Assanpinl^, willi 'i, 101) spindles, unr mill fur power lunms. and mi the 1 )ela\\are twiimills fur 
liinms are meulioiieil. The 'J'reiilon Falls Comiiany, incorporated is;il, which, with the canal, 
'• have niveii new life to husiness and enterprise," were anticipated I'aetors in the development of 
the city. 

A most enthusiastic and truthful exposition ol' Ihe advantatics of Trenton as a manufacturint;- 
center, closes the description. .Mtenlion is called III Ihe location of the town on river and canal, in 
the midst of a rertile ai:riiullural country whei-e lahor is plenty and provisions are cheap ; with 
facililies for iihlaininii' coal and one i-nilmad projeeled to New ^'oik and two jiractically eompleted 
to Philadelphia, one from Miinis\ille and the olher fn mi llonleiitown, and, a hove all, " convenience 
in olitainiuL: raw maleiial, unfailiiii; |iower for its manipulation and a chance of and I'eady access to 
the hest mai-kcls of the countrv." 



CHAPTER X. 



THE (0I!I"()1;ATE IIISTOin' OF THE CITY OF TI!E.\'l'o\. 
TUENTOX ];EFoI;E the CIIAIITFI! of IT'.lL'. 




ClIAHACTEKISTK/S OK TkK.\T(IX'.S (IkoWTII ('(HXTV TvlMOS, Willi 'I'l: i:N'ii i\ \s Till'; SilllM-: Town— 

The OiicwizATioN df Tke.ntux T(]\v,\sim' — Tin-; Ivmma Jaii. — ( 'ii \i; \i ri;i,' (ii- rni.: 'I'ow .\ i.\ 
THE MiDHT.ic UK Till-: Last ('i:xiri:v — Ti:i;.\ r(j.\'s ('huimai. CiiAirn;!; — 'I'm: \'ii.i.a<.i: l!i:ru.Mjcs 
A B()i;()r(;ir Tdw.n — Its IJorNiiAKiios — Tiii'; Oi'Ttciiks ami Tin:ii; Diitics — Tiii': CiiAHTEit 
]!eikmes r.\\\iiCLiiv AMI IS SrKi;];Mii:i;i:ii — A Xnrii i: di Tki:nt(in',- 1-"aii: ami Mai;ki:'i'. 



I'lK )ri'".I! viiAV III' till' ((ii-iiiirntc liislm-y nl' llir cily nf Trciilmi Imds ii> tn tlir vrrv 
lii'uiiuiiiiiis (if (uwn life. Fnlikc sd iiimiiv citirs wliirli li:i\c 'jilhii 1i\- litfiillv 
cinliraciiiL: uiTnt sccticiii^ df riii'nl Icrrilm-y, Trciitdii lias iiicrra-cil IVdiii witliin, 
dutwanl. This is tlic rdnxcix' nl' llir |ii-d|idsil idu usually iirrsciili-cl. Tlic 
(■iir|idi'at(' iii.^ldiA' df main' cilii-^ is llic liisldiA nf the i-ii\irdiis wiiii-li iIha- have 
alis<irlir(l. Ti-(ai(dii lia'l ii'i small lnuiis aniiiinl lirr — 1i-s-it >alr|liti'S — rxri'|it, 
III' riiiu-sc, Sdiilli Tii-ntdii, ('lianili( i>liiiii: ami Millliaiu, uliiili, tli<ini:ii iimli'i- 
s(|iaratc ndvi'iaiimaits, wiif, m \crlliili~s, an iii1ti;ral |ia]'t df lii-rscir, Thr 
liisldiA' df Tnaiidii is lla' lii^ldiA' df tlic city -iml llic rccdnl <if tin' ncar-liv 
td\\ nslii|is. 
Tims, as the ciir|idiatc rccuril is |iiiicly c\dliitidiiary, tln' ,L;criii lies in llic tdw ii as ■■The Falls 
df the Delaware." 

\'>\ virtue df an act ]ia>>ci| .laniiai-v "Jlst, ITO'J-llI, the hdumlarics nf the cduntii'S (if New 
Jt'Tsey were further dividcil ami ascertained. .Much inieerlainly had existed. Liivinu' rise to nianifdld 
incdnviaiiciiees. liurlimitdii, which flicn cdiitained 'I'rciildn, nr the l'"alls, was liiiunde(j. in |iarl, 
hy ••the Line df I'.irtilidii lictweeii l-jisl anil W'rsI ./nsii/, thciice aldiii;- the said Line (if I'artitinn hy 
Maidniliiiiil and Jlnimrrll In the iidrtheniidst and utterimist Hdunds df the 'I'liwiiship of Aiiiircll, 
thence liy the sanic td the Kix'cr Ihlfunir, .'" Treutdii was thus |idlitically de|iendent U|i(in Hurliiij:- 
ton, as she h.-id heen fur :i sciirc nf |ircvidns years. 

The.L'riiwlh df the u|i-ri\-ei^ <cttlenients hecanie more vi,i;orous, and in 17L">-1-1 the Le,u;islattire 
]ias.sed an act (March lllh) |irdvidiii,^' that all the " n|i|ier parts" of West Jersey " lyin,!,' Xorth- 
wards of or situate almx c the lifdok or Itiviilet cdmiiidnly called . I. «"/(;//'/(/,■ he erected into a county." 
which, in hdiidr of (IdVeriior liiiiiert Hunter, who had recently heen a|i|i(iinte(l hy the Crown, was 
called //(/»/r,7/r//, county. Lntil 1 7"_'7-_'><, Hinitcrdon elected her rc|>resentatives to Assenihly with 
l!urlin,iit(in. Kin;;- ( ieorjic II. h.iviii;.:- instructed the (lovcrmir to issue a writ, the SherilT returned 
the names of .hilin I'drterlield, and .losi-|ih Stout as .\sscmlilynien. Henceforth llunterddU county 
exercised her riiihts in electiiiL: her memhers of the Lower House 

It will he reiiienilicrcil th.il Trenton, as ■■ye ITallcs," w;is (lie center of the townships of 
Xottinjiiiain. .Maidciihe.id i Lawreuceville ), Hopewell and .\niwell, lieinj,' eoiislaliularies of old 
]5urlinfj;toii. In 17I:;-II, the upjier parts of lUu-linuton, or all that territory lyint: iiortli of the 
Assaiipink and hounded on the east hy llie Province line, liecani(^ the county of llunlenlon. Jt 



64 



THE CITY OF TUK.NTON. 



appears at this early ]>eri()(l as it' rivalries existed l)etween the towns of lio]>c\vcll ami .Maiileiiheail 
( Lawreneevillc) for the honor of hoMinir the eounty courts. ]5y Onlinanet' of April 7th, XIII. 
of Anne, it was tiierein s])eeilically ijirected that the Court of Conunon Pleas anil Quarter Ses- 
sions shoui<l he held alternately at .Maidenhead ( Lawreneevilk') and llopewdl, ''until a eoiirt- 
liouse and Ljaol for the eounty should he huilt." In aeeordance with this provision, the courts sat 
in Maidenhead in .June and DeciMnher and in I1o|ic\m1I in .Mai'ili and Septeniher. 

At this early time the courts met in the churches and not infrc(|Ueiitly in ]irivate houses. 
.\nioni:' those whose homes wvrr used for this purpose were Theo]ihilus Phillips, William Oshorno, 
Horner, and hauiil I'lailey, in Mnidenlicad. Wdien the com-t sat in llopewell, it was li<Id lirst and 
suhsec|Uently at the house of .\ndi'ew il<'ath and the house of liolnit l.aimim;- (the pla<-e aftei'wards 
owned hy the heirs of Nathaniel l.anninii i. 

N'm action seems to have lieeu taken eoneeniiuL: the ei'eetiou of a eiimmon jail, .hilm Mnirheid. 
11 lull Sheri if, complai-ned to tin' enurt in 1711. in 1717. in .June, 171'-i. and in .March, 17"i(), that 
there was no uaol for the count \'. Thi^ i~ in no scn-r surpi'isinir, inasmueh as the countv of Hunter- 
don practieally had two capitals, I ndei'd, the crisis in 1! mitei'ilou's affairs came in Scptendier, 171'.i, 
when the courts lirst sat in Ti-cuton, The exc(Utivc power of the Colony was ealleil upon to settle 

the matter. It havini; lieen 
ri'prcscnteil to the (lovernor 
that the holdiui;- the courts 
alternatily in .Maideidicail and 
lIo|icwe]| was attc-nilcil with 
inconvenience, in .March, \7\'K 
he iinally directed that the 
couils sliouM he hild and 
kept in Trenton fi-om the 
month of Scptendier next 
ensuiuL;. 

Till' i'>tahli>hint;' of tiu' 
connty eoin't in the villaire 
oF Ti'cnioii was oui' of the 
most prominent, if not the 
most prouiiiicnt. factors in 

the- f U t U r e diN'elopmcUt of 
the town. Located in the 
extremi' southwestern poi'- 
tion of old Hunt c r d o n 
eounty, it dri'W to itself the 
varied interests of the up]iir 
Delaware N'allcy. \ot only thi' settlers (if Maiileuhcad. Hopewell and .\mwell. luU later the newer 
townships of Upper Hunterdon, sudi as Peadiniitou, met on court days. The Palatinate farmer 
and the Scotdi-lri.-h immigrant who drifted fi-om Pennsylvania, the Hollander from the Haritan 
N'alley and the staid (iiiaker plantation-ow ui'r f|-om the P.nrlinL:ton comity townships of Xottinjr- 
Iiam, Chesterticid and the Hamptons, joined hands. Court days hroufrht a varied ]iopulation, of 
many races and faiths, and foi'incd the hasis for a Fair, from which urew much of the economic 
jirosjicrity of all loldnial towns, 

Trenton now hecanu' divorced from the townsliips, for in .Mardi. 17PI, "the I'ourt ordered that 
the liounds of Trenton lie cntei'ed on record as followeth : l)ei:inninif at the landing on the Delaware 
I'iver. in Xottin;:ham. rmmini!' up said river to the month of .la<-oh"s creek : thence alonjr said ci-eck 
to the King's road, to a run callecl .lacoli's nm ; thence up sai<l run to Thatcher's swam]), along a 
run that runs into Shahliakouk. and over Shahhakonk, including Ilalph Hart's ]ilantation, to the 
line that di\idcs IIo|,ewcll from Maidenhead : thence along said line till it comes to the line of Mr. 
Trent and Thomas Lamlna-fs land ; thence along said line hetwixt Mr. Trent and Thomas Landiert 
to the Delaware river, and so along said river to the tirst-mentioned station." 

The lirst puhlie huilding in Trenton was the Countv .hul. This was umlouhtedly located upon 
lan<l owni'd liy William Trent, who gave the ]iropei-t\- to the county. The year in wdiich the jail 




Thk Oi.ii CnruT Kiiisi: wn .! \ 



TUF. CITY OF TRENTON. 65 

was l)uilt was prolialily ITl'l, and stucid u|i,iii tlii> saivio s|M)t wliciv the 'I'lviii.iii IJank iiuw s(aii<1s. 
It was a tw(i-ston- luiiMiiiu' ri-fctnl nf jircy sanilstinii', wiih stiiciurd fmnt. 'I'lir crlls xvrn- in tlic 
lower story. The np]ier story was used as a (•(lurt-iMnni, tlie entrance io wliieli was liv a nuniher of 
stone steps erected on the outside of tlie huildini; and surrounded in later tinu^s hv an iron railintr. 
It is said that the strjjs cxtiiided fmni the uuttrr, :in<l |i<Ts<ins '^n'wvj: into the enurt-nKini were 
eounielled to aseend fmni the street. I'edestrians ,L;nin<; up ami down the street ]iassed diri'ctlv 
under these steps. Tlie s1e]is were afterwai'd removed from thr strcit and placed crosswise upon 
the front I if the huildini;-, cumiueiicinL;- from either corner, on the north and south sides of it and 
meeting at the to]), in the eeiifer nf the huilding, forming a pyramid, so that anvone going into the 
court-room could aseend either from the north or soutii of it. Suhse(|UenfIv these steps were 
removed and jilaced inside tlie huilding. 

Trenton, during the next t\vent\- years, grew with s]iirit midei- tlie inipeins of heing a shin; 
town. ISy 1745 there were nearly a liundreil houses in the ]ilace. The llonrisjiiiii:- condition in 
whicli tlie town appears to liave heeii at that time, and its ad\antaL;eons loe:ition for Imsiness. leil 
the inhahitants to anticipate its rapiilly-incrcasing growth and pr(isperily. I'resunnng that material 
advantages would accrue through an act of incorporation l>v the Crown, conferring horoiiLdi 
privileges, in the uinetccnth year of the i-eJLin of (leorge 11., (io\-ernor Lewis .Morris and a nuniher 
of the inhahitants of this district of louiitry sent a jietition to the King. 

The city of Burlington had alreaily heeii ineor[iorate<l, which was an additional incenti\e to 
such a course. Trenton was at this period using strenuous endeavors to control all tlii' upper river 
trade and to ci'iitralizA' all the agricultural life of lower nimlerdoii comity within hia- limits. Such 
was the influence of Trenton's friends at ciimt that the horough charter was granted without inanv 
atti'iidant difliculties, so usual in such case. This is rather reniarkahle, particularl v at a period 
when (I real Britain did pnajtically nothing to foster independent economic action on the [lart of 
the inhaliitauts of anv of her trans-Atlantic Colonies. 



Tbe.n'to.\'s Colo.m.m. Cii.Mrnoii, Stii'TicMiuoit (Wii, 1745, 'ro .Veini. '.Irii, 1750. 

By virtue of the '' Ilnmhle ]ietition" of King (ieorge the Second's " loving Suhjects the prin- 
cijial Inhahitants of the township of Trenton in the ('oiinty of Ilimtcrdon, a lloyal charter of 
Incorporation" was granted in the nineteenth year of His Majesty's reign (1715). Therein, with 
certain "jiowers, Privileges, Immunilies and .1 iirisdii'lioiis," the '■jiifaiif Settlement was made a 
free Borou.i.di Town." 

The Jietition recited that Trenton was situated at the head of n.-ivigation, with a large and 
fruitful <'imntry adjacent thereto, and these facts in all pi-olialiility would tend to render Trenton a 
place of trade and imjiortance. 

The <-harter of incorporation creates a hoily politic consisting of a "Chief Burgess, Recorder, 
Burgesses and Connnonality of the l.orough Town of Trenton," with ]iowers of per|ietual succession. 
This corporation had the usual I'oimnon-law powers of suing and heing sued in all causes and 
courts; pitrchasing realty, as well as goods and chattels, within or without the' l'ro\-inci', and dis- 
Jiosal of the same, having a common seal, altering the same at pleasure. 4'he town hounds are 
thus descrihed : "Begins at the mouth of Crosswicks Creek and runs from thence up saiil Creek to 
the month of a creek known hy the n:iin<' of Doctor's Creek, then up said Doctor's Creek to the 
line formerly run liy (ieorge Keith lietween Kastand West .lersey, then along the said line. Including 
!\hudenheail and IIo)iew(4l. to the line lietween Hopewell and .Vmwcll, then along tlie Sever.al lines 
Between Hopewell and .\niwell to Delaware Kiver and so ilown the said river to the place of Begin- 
ning." Provision was made for one Chief Burgess an<l ReeonK'r, twelve iiuru'csses, si:^teen 
Common Couueihnen, oiu' Marshal, one Common Clerk, oik^ Treasurer and eight Constahlcs, 
Thomas Ca.lwalader was ajipointed hy the charter to act as Chief l!urge-s mitil the secoiiil of 
Deeemlier next ensuing after the granting of the charter. It was further [irovided tlial he or one «>[ 
tlic twelve Burgesses should succeeil to the oilice. Nathaniel Ware was appointed as Heconh'r 
during his natural life, except, as was also true of Chief iUu-gess Cadwalader, he shall resign or 
inishehave. The Biu-.L'esses appointed were Thomas Cadwala<ler, William .Morris, Joseiih W anvil, 
Daniel Coxe, An<]ruw Smith, Alexander Loekhart, David Martin, Robert I'ear.sun, Andrew Reed, 
I 



66 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 

Tlicophilus Pliillipse, jDsepli Dv Cou, Saiimrl TTunt and ricuhuii Annita;j;(', who were to serve for 
life. Tlie Coiiiinon Cdiinciliuen, also aijpointcil fcir life, were Joseph Paxton, Theophiliis Severns, 
Benjamin Biles, Jas])er Smith, t'ovnelius Iliiii^o, Jonathan Stout, Jonathan Waters, Thomas r>ui'- 
rows (_Burrou<;lis), Jr., (ieorsie Ely, John Ifunt, John Dagworthy, Jr., Joseph Plulii|is. .lulm 
Wellinjr, William Pla.skett, Daniel Lannini; and Benjamin (Jreen. 

David Martin, then Sheriff of tlie county of Hunterdon, was ap[)ointed as Borough Marshal so 
long as liis shrievalty term should continue. Anthony White was ap])ointed "Town Clerk and 
C'lerk of the Court and Courts of the said Pxirnugli Tnwn'' dm'ing good liciiavioi'. Andrew Heed was 
selected as Treasurer; Kohert Taylor, William Pcarsmi, William Sprowls, John Ahljott, Mathew 
Baker, Ahner Pliillipse, N'incent l!uiiy(jn and .lonathaii Hunt as Coiistafiles, until their successors 
should he electi'd. W'itliin three days after the ])ulilicatiiiii nf the royal charter the oHiccrs ahove 
named were instrueti'd to take the oaths of allegiance, ahjuration and supremacy, and suhscrihe the 
test or declaration as was directed hy the acts of Parliament. Succession in office of the ahctve 
corporation was provided in that U|)on the secoml day of l)ecend)er of each year the Chief Burgess, 
Burgesses, Recorder and Connnon Councilmen asscniMe in ''some convenient room ni- place 

* * * and shall jtroceed to nominate. Elect and Cliodse one Chief Burgess" from the twelve, one 
Marshal, one Conmion Clerk- (unless the Cnuiily Clerk nf Hunterdun sliall refuse, to serve), one 
Treasurer and eight Constahles for one year ensuing. II' the Chief Burgess died oi- was renrnved 
the offiee fell U]ion the Recorder, wlm in fdurteen days thereafter was instructed to sunnnoii the 
Burgesses and CuninKin Council, and "then and there hy plurality of votes Nominate I'^lcct and 
Choose one of the twt'lve Burgesses to he Chief Burgess.'' If fi-nm any cause the Recorder failed 
to call the Burgesses, the ''eldest nr first-named P>urgess " should assume the duty. If Connnim 
Councilmen died or were nnnoved, the "Several Ifreeholders and House Keepers of the said Bor- 
ough Town, which have heen hefore that time duly admitted and swnrn ffreemen, * * * 
shall meet the said Chief Burgess and recorder oi' one of them in some Convenient room or place, 

* * * shall then and there hy ])Iurality of votes nominate Elect and Choose such fitt and Dis- 
creet person" as Councalman. The successors of the Marshal, Connnon Clerk, Ti'easurcr and 
Constahles were elected hy the Ihngcsses. 

The Burgesses and Connnon Council had ])owcr "to make Constitute ord.-iin and l\<lahlisli such 
and so many good and reasonahle laws Constitutions Decrees and orders in writing and sealed with 
their Public Seal" declaring and explaining "how and in wli.at manner the said Chief Burgess 
recorder, Burgesses and Connnon ('ouncil men ami all and Singular other ollicers ministers mer- 
chants Artificers Tradesmen ffrcH'holders and Ifi'eenien respectively Inhaliiting and residing in the 
said Borough Town shall at all times and places act and j)i'rl'oi-m ami heliave themselves in their 
several ofllccs, Ifunetions mistci-ii's, Trades and Businesses within the said Borough Town ami the 
Liberties, precincts anil honmls of the same, Ifor the further Connnon good puhliik utility and good 
government." The govei'iiing body were instnieted to impose "mulcts and .\mercments U]>on the 
Breakers of such laws and oi'dimuices so made." It was further pi-ovided that every Monday, 
Thursday and Saturday in tlie year should be Market Days, as well as two fail's, one from the third 
Wednesday in Ajiril until tlie following Eriday (inclusive), and the other on tlie third Wednesday 
in October as continuing as fiefore. Then was to be had the "Selling {ind Buying of all aiKl all 
manner of Horses Glares, Colts, (,'ows. Calves Steers Hoggs Sheep and all other C^attle or any other 
goods wares and merchandizes," subject to rules and regulations as may be imposetl by the Bur- 
gesses ami Council. Ex nffirio, the Chief Burgess, Burgiwses and Recorders were .lustiees of the 
Peace. The Chief Burg(>ss, Recorder and at least three Burgesses, the Town Clerk, .Marshal and 
Constables were enii)owered to hold a ([uarterly court of record to iiKiuire "into all manner of 
ff'ehinies. Crimes and olfeiiees not Capital," ami to " hear try and Determine all petit Larcenies, 
Routs Riots and unlawful asscinblys and all otlier (h'imes and offences whatsoever " whereof the 
punishment diil not extend to loss of life and member. FiiU's could be laid in such cases. On 
view and in o)ien court nuisances and encroachments in the streets and highways of the borough 
were to be removed and amended by this Burgess Court. A sinrilar court of a civil nature was 
created, with cognizance of all actions (except " rjcrtiniu Jfirme and all real actions where the tfree- 
hold may conic in Disi)uto"). The corporation of the borough of Trenton were empowered "to 
Erect Build maintain and Support such Goal prison Court House Work House and House of Cor- 
rection, one or more, * * * as they sliall sec occasion." Until the: jails and other public 



TlIK V\T\ OF TRKNTON. G7 

liuililings wore erected, the County Jail ami Cnurt House was to he usnh There tlie liurjiess 
Courts were to he held ami there the Justices were to '' |iunish Correct and Sett to Work all Va.ii^i- 
hoilds. Runaway Servants ami other Sfrolini; and 1 »is<ii-derly |ier<ons." The Chief JJuricess and 
Recorder were to take '' reeogiii/.anee ol' Hehts ^\ilhin the said llorouL;!! Town uccordins: to tlie 
Statute (it .Merchants and ol A<-ton Burnel." The Chief jiuriress was also to appoint a t'lcrk of the 
Market, ■■who shall ha\-e assize and assay of Urcad .Vie Wine Reer Wood Weiirhts and measures," 
as \vell as a "Keeper of the work house and house of <'ori^eclion, a erver, whiper and all other 
inferiour and sulxirdinate otlieers." The corporation was to yield ami pay to the royal treasury the 
sum of £3 jn'oclamation money. 

The document thus eoncludes : •■ Witness onr said Trusty and well helovi^d Lewis .Morris Ksi|r 
our said Captain General and Governor in chief in ami ovei our said province of .Nova Ca'sarea or 
New Jersey and Territories thereon depeiidiriLi: in .\niei-ica and \iee .\dniiral in the same i^re at 
Kinjisliury the Si.xth day of Seplendier in the nineteenth year of our le-iiiii." 
[Loco Sigilli 
Majoris Provce 
Nova Ciesarea] 

Jos. A\'arrell, Attorney-General, indorsed the charter with his legal appi-oval. 

I']ion tlic twenty-thinl da}- of Deccndiei-. in the twenty-third year of the reign of King ( Icorge 
IT., tlie corporation of the " it'ree Rurrougli Town" of Ti^eiiton, in an instrunnait, surrendered 
thc'ir ■■clivers Liljerties, priviledges Innuunitys ami Fi^anchises." .\llliough the mcmhei's of (he 
corporation retained "a Just Sence of (iratilude for the Person and .Menioi-y of his late I'lxccllency, 
Lewis .Morris Es(|r for the favoin^ tln'y are Satisfyeil In' Intended to confii- upon them." yet. iiv 
exj)erience, it was fomnl that it did not ans\ver the salutary purpose intended. Cjion the other 
hand, the charfi'r was ■■found miv pi^ejuiliiial to the lntel■e^t ami trade" of Tnaiton. Tlu^ 
Rurgesses and Connnon Council vielded to the Cidwn the ehartia' of incoi-poi-atiou, with all its 
lihertics and pi^ivileges, together with their pretences ami claims to the c-.\ei'eise or administration 
of jiowcrs thereliy conferred. Theophilus Sevcrns, on (he seventh day of Api'il, IToO, a]ipcared 
hcforc .John Co.xc, one of the Couniil foi' New Jcrsi'V. ami certiticd to the seal of the corporation. 
(4overnor Relcher, in Rurlingt<in city, mi the ninth of .Vpi^il. in the tvventy-third year of (ieorgc JI., 
accepted the "Instrument <if Sun^ender of the Charter for Incorporating the Rui^rough Town of 
Trenton =i^ * * in hehalf of his .Most Sacred .Majesty." 

Notification of the surrcndi'r of this charter was printed in the "Pennsylvania (iazette," Ajiril 
12th, ]"•")(), to the end that all persons should he saved " Troulile and Attendance upon the Fairs, 
which will not he held as usual." 

These fairs were mentioned in the '■ T'emisyhania Journal" of (Ictohcr od, 17I"), and in the 
"Pennsylvania Ca/.ette" of .\piil :;d, 17lii, .\pril 17th, I71S, and Octoher Kith, 17-l^. They were 
all advertised in the following form : 

The ■' I'eimsylvania Gazette" of I71(i announces that upon \]>y\] Kith, "Wcdni'sday. of that 
year '■at the liorougli Town of Trenton * * * will he held and kc|)t a 1<\\ I R for selling 
and huying all niamiei- of lloi^ses, .Mares, Colts, Cows. Calves, Steers, J logs Sheep and all other 
Cattle (ioods Wares and Merchandize whatsoever." The fair was (o la<l until the following Friday 
night. This was pursuant to the charter. 









••^ 



CHAITEIi XI. 



TTIE rm!P()T;.\TK IllSToUY OF TIIK (ITV OF Tl!KN"To\. 

THF ClIAirrKi; of 17'.i2. 

Tkkxtox's CoxDiTiox IX 17!»() — AiidirnvK Attkmpts to Organize a City (;i>vek\mext — The 

ClIARTEK IS (iUAXTEl) AXI) ITS ( 'll AHACTEIUSTICS — EaHLV StUEETS — TlIOSE WHO Fli;sT HeI.D 

Offk'e — The City Seal — Tkextox Outhkowixc; hek Villacie Like — CoNDrnoxs oe the 
Times. 




-^^I'O.X the sunviidiT i>l' the lirst CliartiTuf tlic r.nn>i,i^'li Tdwii of Trenton, tlic lack 

^ .-, "'' '^ucccss of thf ]ilaii (lclri-i-(d all future rfVorts until tlu' close of the American 

lu'Volution. Indeed, the |)re|iarations for the future coullict. and tlu' struugle for 

iiidciiendenee, jirecluded all action toward this end. A new tjcnenition of men, 

'() ^^Y^''' "li""^'' minds had hecu stimulated hy war, was neeiled to ac('om])lish .threat results. 

~"" jy'/yb) Altlioui,di Trenton jiroper was noi'th of the .Vssanpink creek, and (•ons(!(iueiitly in 

Hunterdon county, nevertheless tlie i^enesis of the town is to lie found in the liur- 

^pv / lin,Kton county estahlishuieiits. In passing it is of interest to remcniher that the 

\_J s|iot of ground immediately adjoining the creek on the south was called Kings- 

liury, afterward Kensinirton Hill : hut when it liccame a, nianufactiiring jilace of 

some note, the name was again changed to Mill Hill, which name it contiiuu'd to ln^ar until it was 

incor]iorated with Bloomshury and made tlie horough of South Trenton. 

'i"he charter of 17112, which is the hegiiming of the present municipal history of the city of 
Trenton, was in fad the outgrowth of a series of agitations upon the subject. Tlie symiiathics 
which existed between the citizens north and south of the .\ssaupink creek led them to present a 
]>etitiou to the Hoase of Assembly upon tlie twentieth of .\ugust, 17S4. nearly a decade before a 
charter was linally granted. This petition was aceomiianied liy a bill entitled ".Vn act for erecting 
part of the township of .Nottingham, in the county of I'.urlington, and part of the township of Tren- 
ton, in the county of Hunterdon, into a city, and for incor]iorating the same by the name of the 
city of Trenton, and for dc<-laring the same a free city and ]iort. for the term of twenty-five years." 
This bill pa.ssed the House on Tuesday, Xovember loth, 17N.'). and on Thursday, the twenty- 
second of February, 17S(;, the act was rejected by the Council. 

At tliis time l.amberton. which was a jiart of the township of XottiiiglKim. had become a thriv- 
ing town. As early as 17-V.I, Itobert Lettis Hoojicr, in view of jirospective river trade, had laid out 
lots (iO by ISl, for a town. His village began on the Delaware at Trenton ferry, running as the 
road runs to the grist mills opjiosite Trenton, thence down the stream of the mills to the Delaware, 
thence doAvn the river to the ferry, being the head of navigation, "where there is a considerable 
trade extended from the city of I'hilailclphia, and great parts of the counties of Hunterdon, Morris, 
Middlesex, Somerset, and Bucks, in Pennsylvania, delivi'r their i)roducc," and rafts of timber, 
staves, t<l-c,, come from 120 miles uji the rivt'r. 

This property was offered for sale or for a lease of GO years. Hubert Leltis Hooper, in March, 



TIIK CITY OK 'l'i;i:XT()\. (;<) 

171)"), a^ain (ilfiTc(l fnr sale his I.ainlnTtoii ].r(.|>crt_v. al»)Ut half a mih' \>fh<\\ tlic fcrrv nvar Trfiitmi, 
with utt-'iisils for i-uriiit; hrrriiiu' and stm'Licnn. 

Althouffh this ja-DJnt ol' iiu-orpunitiii- tlic scttlcinciits (ni llii> iiurtli and suuth hanks of the 
Assanpink was unsnrcfssful. T.ainhcrton afterward hccaiiic a jiurt of mtrv, and has sinfc so 
rciiiain((L 

in a <iiii|ilr iif yrai-s, nv upim >hinli I'd, i7>i<l, a prtitiun rmni sundi'v inlial)itants of the town- 
sliiiis iif Ndttiniiliani and 'iVrulnn was iircscntcd tn tlir 1 louse. " prayiiii: tliat a part of the townsiiip 
of Trcntun and a part of tlie town-liip of Nottin-liaiii may iiavr tiir l>fiic-lit of a corporatiim, witli 
the ])o\\ci'of making- hy-laws foi- thcii- internal poliee and i:ovi'rnnient : " wliereupon h^ave was 
niveii tliem to ])i-esent a liiU aL:i'eeaiily to tlie |irave|- of tlieir petition. 

Satiu'day, Nhu'eli 1th. 17sr,. a petition from sumlry inliahitants of tlie town,-hi]) of .\ottin,i.diam 
was presented to the House, praying: tliat if a charter of im-orporation sIk.uM he i:iven to the 
inhaliitants of Treutou, the towu>liip of .\ottini:Iiam may not he included, which was read and 
l-ft'errcd. 

The attem]>ts to incorporate the city of Ti'enton now weri' directeil to consoliilate tln' inliahit- 
ants noith of the .\ssanpink. The other elToi'ts failed presumahly upon the i;round that a town 
npoll hoth sides of the creek Woulil lleci'ssarily have to he located in two counties. To relieve this 
ditliuulty, upon May I'^.d. 17'.l-_'. a [.etition from the inliahit;nit- of llopewi'll, .Maiilenhead and 
Trenton, in tlu!county of IluiUei-dou, was read, asking; that a law miuht he passi-d foi- iiicoi-ponitinir 
a liofoujzh. to consist of the said townships, for the puipose of hoMinu' c-ourts and estahlishinix a 
gaol and Court House witliin the said horouuh. 

This was indeed a city in t.iiciisd, and had the defects of the colonial charter, in that the 
lioroiltih town limits \vould eiuhraee too uiucli tirritorv and so hecouie unw ielilv. 'I'he plan then 
devised was much more fcasihli-. that of cuttini; Ti-cuton township into two paiis. So far as can he 
aseertaini'ik the lines of the tow nship were, in lii'ucral, as laid dou ii hy the court onler of I 71'.'. 

Trenton was in 17'-l'-;a town of l:ooi1 si/e. Will supplied with luilh. with laverns. a town on 
tlie stati'e mute, a lai'Lic river and h.acls-counti'y tradi-. spaciou~ homes of inlluential citizens, and 
reccutly hroui;lit into national prominence as a pi'ojected capital of the I'liited States, the applicant 
for eor[iorate honors w:is deemed worthy of IcLiislatixc assistance. lii the town thi' streets were as 
follows : 

(iueen (now Broad) sti'cct e<inimeiiced at the north end of the town, at a junction with Kiuir 
street, and ran due south to tin' hrid^c o\er the .Vssanpink, at Trent's mills. Front street eoni- 
nieneefl in (Jtieen, a few rods north of the ,\ssanpink hi-idnc in l'>road street, and exteinled west to 
the ^[asonic lod,i;e. llerethi.' River road commenced and ran up Willow street to I'otts' tanyanl ; 
thence ^vest, throitiih (Juarry street, hy Ituthei-ford's and Colonel UicUinsoirs iilaees, in a northwest 
cotu'se, and throuuh IJirminLiham to the liear tavern. Seeoml street (Slate street) conHiieiieed at 
Chamhers' corner, at Willow street (now corner of State and Willow i, and ran cast, to the o|il iron 
works, crossing King and (^uecii stii'ct^. King (How Warren ) street cominenced on the I'einiing- 
ton road and ran, in a southerly direction, hy the old Court House and jail (now Trenton ISank ), 
to Front street, it thin niergid into the nioomshury road lording the .\ssuii|iiiik. 

The gi-eat center of .ill the upper country traile at this lime was the " Five I'oints,"' where, in 
fact, the hattle of Ti-i'iitoii commenced and where the monument coinnicniorative tliel-eof now stands. 
Here were united the Princeton road and the I'ennington road with wliat are now liroad and War- 
ren streets. Tlie iirunswick pike, now the property of the Pennsylvania railroad, and which also 
forms a ])art of tliis distrihnlivc system, was not then in existence. It may he incidentally men- 
tioned that upon the fourteenth of Xovciiiher, ]S()I. the Trenton and New Iirunswick Turnpike 
Company was chartered, the corporators heing .hniics Kwing, Joshua Wright, John Xeilson, James 
Schureman and Thomas Hill, 

The road was to he four rods wide from Trenton to New rirunswi<'k, and (liey were to give 
sectn-ity to the (iovenior to pay tiic suhseription money received liy them to the Treasm-er of llie 
comjiany. The suhscriptions were two thousand shares, of 8100 each, S'l to lie paid on each sliaro 
at the time of suhscilhing. 

U])on the .south the F.loomshury roa<l and the extensions of F.road .-trect reached tiic jiLanta- 
tions of Burlington county. 



70 THE CITV OF TUENTOX. 

The iiiliahitants of Trenton liavintr iictitioneil the Legislatuiv, a l)ill to incorporate a part of the 
township of Trenton was ta]<en up on tlie first of June, 171>-2, and postjxnied. It jiassed tiie House, 
however, on tiie tiftli of Xovenilier of tliat year; t'oimeil amended the act on tiie twelftli of liie 
same montli, and i1 was tinaliy passed uixm tiie tiiirteentli. One of tlie facts wlncli led to tlie passage 
of tlie liill is said to have heeu the inahility of Trenton under a townshi]) government to quell local 
disturhanees. In tlie s]iriiig of 17'.I2 a small moh luul eauseil disorder near the Methodist meeting- 
house, 'i'his gave tlie authorities much trouhle, and in eonsecjuence thereof the act of June 1st, 
17!l2, entitled "All act to preserve- order and decency in places of worship," was passed. This was 
oiu' of tiie lirst outlireaks against the Methodists ever known in the State of New Jersey. 

Xovemlier l-">tli, 171I2, the city of Trenton was formed from a part of the township of Trenton, 
witli the following houndaries : '• lieginning at the mouth of Assanpink creek and running up tlie 
same to Bernaril Ilaiilen's inili dam [old .Millham] ; from thence along the road to the line hctween 
Trenton and Maidenlieaij ; thence along the said line to the road leading from Tn-nton to Maiden- 
head ; thence on a straight line to the northwest coriu'r of a lot late of David Brearley, deceased ; 
thence on a straight line to the northwest corner of the land of f.aniliert Cadwalailer, whereon he 
now lives ; thence down the western line thereof to the river Delaware; thence down the same to 
the mouth of the .\ssan]>iiik." 

Deeeniher 21st, 17'.I2, the ollicei-s who had heeii appointeil liy the Legislature held thc'ir first 
meeting. 'I'hev weix' Moore Furnian, Mayor; Aaron 1). Woodruff, Itccorder ; Samuel W. Stockton, 
Ahraham Hunt and Alt'.xander Chamliers, Aldermen; Charles Axford, Aljraham O. (,'laypole, 
William 'I'indall, I'.ernard Ilanlen and Aanm Howell. Assistants, and Pontius I). Stelle. 

According to the late John O. Ramii, these ollicials had tiie following residence : 

Moore Furman was a grandfather to the late ('a]itain 'William ]•]. Hunt, of this city. He hail 
charge of tile t'ommissarv |)epartment of ihe .\mei-iean army dni'ing the llevoliition in 177<i. lie 
lived in the State Street House, in State street ; his ollici- was a one-story hriek huilding, and stood 
on the same spot which the Chancery huilding occupied, now the site of the Trust and Safe Di'posit 
Company. 

.\aron 1). WoodrniT resided on the corner of Broad and Hanover streets, in the house erected 
liv Tlionias 1'indall, in 1710. He was for many years iVttorney-Cleneral of the State, which ollic(; 
he lilleil at the time of his ileatli, 

Samuel W. Stockton lived in the mansion-house in Front street. While .going to l'liiladeli>hia, 
in eoiiipany with his son, in liis own carriage, lie saw in the neighlioi'hood of Bristol some vc-ry fine 
cherries, and in an elfort to get them from the trees he fell, ami so injured his -kiill that he ilied in 
a few days from the etfects of it. 

.\hraham Hunt kept a store in that row of hrii-k Imildings in Warren streit eomnieiieing at the 
corner of State street, the site of the .Masonic Temple. He resided in tlie northern jiart of the 
l)uilding. 'i'he front entrance to his liouse was on Warren street. 

Alexander Chamliers was also a merchant. His residence and store was on the northeast corner 
of State and Willow streets. 

Charles Axford lived in a stone house .south of the feeder of the Delaware and Uaritan canal, 
in Warren street. The house was hirn down at the time of digging the feetler of the canal. 

Aliraliain C. Claypole lived in a mansion in Warren street. 

M'illiam Tindall lived in a frame house on the east side of Warren street ; the huilding was 
removeil to the opposite side of the street at the time the feeder was inaile. 

]?ernard Hanlen lived in the stone house near ^lillham, opjiosite what was formerly I'ratt »t 
Howell's ilouring mills. 

Aaron Howell lived in a frame house which stoml on the lot in Warren street ; it was after- 
ward removed ai'ound into Perry street, on the lot now oecu|)ied liy the Trinity M. K. Cliureh. 
Howell, .son of Aaron, built the house south of it, now owned hy Dr. David Warinan. 

Pontius Dillery Stelle lived on \\'arren street. South of his ri'sidence and adjoining Saint 
Micliael's Church was Stelle's alley. His store was on the corner of ^\'al•ren street and the alley. 
Perry street, on its opening in LSl.'J, interfered very materially witli tliis edifice and it was 
ahandoned. 

The officers of the corporation were a Mayor, who was keeper of the city seal ; a Recorder, 
who was Dejiuty Mayor; tliree Aldermen, six assistants (Common Councilmen) and one Town 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



71 




Clrrk. Tlic .Mayor, rtccdi-dor ainl Alili-niuai wrrc .ru.-^liccs of the Prarc i-.r /•flJi-iii. a|i]j(mit('il hy juinf 
nicotint; and coiiiinissioiKd l.y tlic (iovcrnor. Tlic si.x assistants, Tuwn Clerk, .\sscssiir and Col- 
lector were c-hoscn liy the |Ho|ilr. Cdinnion Conncil was ronqmscd of the .Mavor, Itcconlcr, .\ldrr- 
nirn and assistants, who appointed snliordinate olllrcrs, such as Treasurer. .Marshal and Clerk of 
the Market. Fines were i-ecovered on warrant of the Mayor, liecorder or .\ldei-nien, appeal l\-inj,' 
to Common Couni'il. Ta\-ern licenses were niider the control of Common Council. 

Before the city ohtained this charter, in fact durinu' the Itevolntion, the Court House of the 
county of Hunterdon h.-ld heen removed to the ■■ll.iU-e (,f l/,„,-i/ Mu-shoii late Jiiliit l,'i,iil<t in 
Aintrcn,'' hy act of the Le^islat ure. .March Ith. IT'^O. This measun- w.-is hrouirht ahout hv tlic 
growing inlluence of the " up-river" settleiiii'uls and hy the power of the plantation haudets in the 
northern ]iart of Hunterdon coimty. Ti-eiifon was no lomicr the county town of llmitenlon, 
althoiTu-h in the old jail the prisomrs of war and of the .\dniiralty Court wcri' kept. I'pon tlie final 
ahand(innient of the (.-ounty pris.)n the "old L;iial" at 'rrcnnm w.is placed innlci- the custody of a 
Town Jailer, who had the charge (jf city prisoners, criminal and ci\ il. 

On the lOtli of .Tanuary, IT'.).'!, a eoumnttei> consislint;- of the Mavoi-. 
Rei'order and .\ldernian Hunt was appointeil to i-cport a seal of the 
corporation. < >u the l.".th of .Tuly tin' followim; w.is selected: ■'The 
Divice of which is a Sheaf of Wheat pioper, the I nsia-iption ai-ound the 
Seal, 'City of Trenton' with tlu' motto ]■;; I'ar\is (Iran.les (once Small, 
nowtlreat)." Iri tin' years ]iast this seal has heen nioililied. .\s in the 
case of the introduction of tlie ilate. 177<i, upon the i; real seal of .New 
Jersey, "17'.t"2'' has heen inti'oducc(l upon Ti-euton's seal. The motto 
has been aholished. Three sheaves now take the place of one sheaf. 
The crest, similar to that in the great seal of New .Jersey, a na.ir's liead, 
has been added. 

The desin.' upon the part of many of the iidiahitants of I'.urliniiton county to miite themselves 
with Trenton a^ain found expression on .lannai-y lotli, 1S17, when a leudslativc p(tition from a 
number of inhabitants of .Mill Hill and I'.loonisbiu-y. in the township of .Vottinuham, was jire- 
sented, jiraying t<i be incorpor.ated with the city of Trenton. \i the same time a remonstrance was 
presented liy a numlicr of the inhabitants of said places against the same. 

From time to time the ehai'ter of the city was altei'cd. The limitations which the Legislature 
threw around tln^ act of 17!lL* bouml the citizens too clo^i'ly. Thus, by \irtuc of an act passed 
Deeenilicr 1 1th. l-Sl'li, tlie nundiei' (jf "assistants" was inci-cascil to thirteen. In INMI, the Legis- 
lature enijiowcred the city to ei'cct a workli<iU>e distinct fi'oni the counuou jail. 

Dtiring this charter and, in fact, until the new State Constitution of INll, when tlie makeshift 
Constitution of 177G was abolished, the .Mayor, Keconler and thrci' AMcrmen were elected l>y joint 
meeting and conmiissioned by the (Iovcrnor. The votia-s electcil no ollii-ers other than the assist- 
ants. Town Clerk, Assessor and Collector, who wcri' i-hosen at town meeting. Then, as the voters 
exercised the rights of the ballot u]ion a jiropcrty i|Ualilication, the mass of Trentonians liail but 
little voice in town government. Common Council seleeteil all other ollicers. In s]Fite of this 
extremely-aristocratic chartt'r, the plan remained as devised for nearly half a century. 

During this period Trenton was outgrowing, slowly luit surely, her village conditions. The 
wave of reform and social agitation, which swept <iver the eounti'y during the adnnnistralion of 
President .Jackson, had an imp<irt;int eil'cct upon the State of .\ew .Jersey. It linally lid to the new 
declaration of organic law in the year \X-14. One of the efbrts of tlie breaking down of trammels 
was in giving to the city of Trenton, in 1S;;7, a new charter. Whilst the Mayor. Hecoider and 
Aldermen were still elected liy joint meeting, tin' meetings of Common Coimcil were declared to be 
open for " the admission of all ))eaceable and oi-<lerly ]iersons." 'l"he city was to receive its (|UoI.m 
of the school fimd, connnon schools being a part of this renaissance of Ihonght .it the pcrioil, the 
act itself ])eing submitted to ]iopidar vote bctbre being adopted. Whilst common enough to ns, 
tlics(! and similar provisions were marked innovations. 



CHAl^EH XI [. 




TlIK (OIM'OIIATK I1IS'1■()|;^• ()|- TIIK (TIV oT TltKNTi )X. 

Till-: ciiAirrKi; of is;;;. 

TiiK Xi;\v ('iiAHTKi! — I'dWKits AMI l)rrii;s m- ()i-kiiiai.^ — W'ahds 1':stai;i.isiii:ii and N'Aiiinrs 
('iian(;ks iiF [,im:s — Tiik.ntk.v Ausintns Sorxii Tkkntux — Extic.nsion ok :\[rNicii>.\L Powkhs 

AM) Till-: (!l((l\\TIl IIK MoDEHN lUKAS IN ClTY Lll'i: TlJKNTON AT TIIK OTTRKICAK OF TlIK 

A\'ar Bktwkex the States. 



Ill-: 11 IST(»i;V iif the city miller the chartrr (if ls;;7, wliit-li lastcil until 18(>('), is of 
') |ic-culi:ir iutevcst, i-ovrriiit;- n |iiTi<i(l whi-n tin- last vestiges of the enliniial fondi- 
tions were still to lie trm-eil. and when tlu' experiment of imivei-sal siitfra<;o under 
the Constitution of 1S14 was heiuL' tried. 

On the seventli of ^[aveh. ]S;i7. the inhalntaiits nf the city of Trenton were 
ineiir|i(irated with full munieijial ]iiiwers. In the new incorporation the risrlite 
and estates <if the '•Maym- .Mdei-men and .\ssistants of the (_'ity nf Trenton." as 
well as (if the ■■ Inhahitants (if the Tdwnship of Trenton, in the ('(Hinty of 
Ilunterilon/" were vested in the new c(irp(irati(in. The (itliei-rs mider the new 
charter were a !Mayor, who should he the keeper of tin- city seal; liecorder or 
.\(-tinL;- Mayor, three .\ldennen, twelve niemliers of Cdunndn CdUiK-il, one Clerk, one Assessor, one 
Collector and one Treasuri'r. The Mayor, Kecdrder and .Mdenneu were ('.i--offirio Justices of the 
Peace, appointed liy joint meetinu-. Tliey wen- authdri/.ed td hdld a Cdurt df General Quarter Ses- 
sions of the Peace in aivl fdr the said city, with ]ilenary p(iw(-i-, exe(-pt the heariuLT and deterniinins; 
of ajipeals in paujier eases." The City Clerk was Clerk of the court, which triliunal had the exclusive 
]>owerof (.'ranting tavern lii-eiises. The citizens also chose Overseers of the I'dnr, three or more 

School Coininitteeinen, tw ■ nidre ('(instahlcs, one Judge of Election, three or more Cominissioner.s 

of Apjieals in Taxation, two Chosen Freehdlders, twd Surveyors of the Highways. These officers 
were em])owercd in the same maimer as those in the townshi]is. 

Connnon Council had jiower to legislate upon a wide range of munieiiial sulijects, could raise 
money hy tax and borrow money. President of Council, Marshal, Treasurer, Clerk of the Market, 
'■and such other suhordinate odicers as tliey may think necessary for the good government of the 
city," were to he selected hy Coum-il. The .lad Keeper, also appointed hy Council, had the 
custody of offenders sent to the cdnnnon jail, which was also deemed a workhouse under the two 
acts of ITit'.l. The eor|)oration had ]iower to pave sidewalks, and the Common Council was author- 
ized to o])en new streets. No street was to he recognized unless opened as aforesaid. This act was 
addjitcd hy the voters of the city of Trenton upon the lirst day of X\m], 1S;;7. 

In Fehruary, 1.S40, the Jjcgi.slature aliolished the city Quarter Sessions, which were transferred 
td .Men-er county, tlu' ^Fayor, Piecorder and Aldermen still retaining their powers of Justices of the 
Peace. They had the exclusive 2>ower of granting tavern licenses. 

In March, 1844, the Legislature provided for the erection of four wards in the city. The First 
ward extended from the point of intersection of the Assanpink creek and Warren street, thence 
along Warren to Hanover, thence along Tlauover to the canal, thence ahmg the canal to Second 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 73 

(now State streef), thence along Second "and a, line agrecini; (liiTcwith to tlie Assanpink," tliencc 
by the creek to the jilaeo of beginning. Tlie Second ward liegaii at the intersection of Warren 
street and the As;san])ink creek, thence along Warren street to l)e Cou's alley, thence westwardiv 
along tlie alley to Quarry alley, thence to the Delawan- and Itaritan I'eeder. tiienee to the eitv line, 
thence down said line to the place ot i.ieginning. The Thinl wanl began at the intersection of 
De Cou's alley and Warren street, thence along Warren street to the Princeton turnpike, thence 
along the tiu-npike to the city line, thence by the city Viur to the nui'tlnvest cni-nei' of the Second 
ward, thence to the phuu; nf beginning. The Fourth ward began at the center of Warren and 
Hanover streets, thence along Warren street to the Princeton pike, thence along the; pike to tlii' eitv 
line, thence by the line ami the .Yssanjiink creek to the corner of the l''irsl ward. 

Annual elections wei'e \n be held on tin; necond ^londay in Ai)ril in (■ach of the wards, wlien 
one Connnon Councilman, one Assessor, one Collector, one Constable, one School Connniltceinan 
and one Tax .\piieal ( 'niiiinissidiici' wi-re to b(! voted for. One Clerk and one .lud'je of ]'"lectioii 
with the Assessor and Collector, kejit the polls from ten a. m. to fuur i'. m. 

In 1S45 (March •Jtitli), the former system of ward bnundaries wa> ehaiigcd and llie l^ast an<I 
West wards were established. The division was marked by a line extending almig the center <if 
Princeton ))ike from the city line to Warren street, and thence alung the cenda' (if Warren street to 
the Assanjiink creek. 

The ofHcers of election in the First ward held the polls for tin' l']ast ward, which lav to the 
east or canal side of the Pennington-Warrtai street division ; the ollicers of tln' Second wai'il becanu! 
empowered to act in the A\'est ward. 

In 1S47, the Legislature authorized additional powers to the Common Council of tliecilx-of 
Trenton re.irarding the laving out of streets. Validity was given to roads laid by Sni'vcyors of the 
Highways. The growth of the city and the development of small lioldiiiLis is shown that, in the 
case of street openings, the law required the consent of two-thirds of the abutting landowners. 
Common Council could also accept dedicated streets or alleys, which the city was bound to maintain. 
Commissioners to assess damages, with provisions for notices of assessments, for the lii-st time are 
]]r(ivided. 

In 1849 (Feljruary 28th), the Legislature forbade^ the Common Council to boi-i-ow money unless 
authorized by ordinance. The; principle of the n-fercndnni was adopteil in this matter, and a 
popular vote deciile'(l in favor or against the use of the <-ivic (a-e(lit. 

The act of March (jth, b'^oO, among other matters, ])rovided for the manner of assessing faxes, 
threw into Coun(;il the election of the City Clerk, allowed Council to detci-inine the number of 
Constables in eaidi ward, extemled the loan systian .and instituted a Uoanl of Health. 'I'hc nuniljcr 
of members tliercof was left to the Council, as well as the (ptestiou of the tcrniiiiatiou of the ollieial 
existence of this new commission. The board had ample powia' to take any mi'asure or p.ass an}- 
regulation calculated to jironiote the pidilic health. Hi'avy line and inipi-isonnieiil were laid upon 
those who hindered or obstructed the action of this new adjunct to local alTairs. .\lilermen for one 
year were henceforth to he elected l)y wards and not from the city at lai-gc. 

In this year Trt;nton was ei-eatcil one scliool district, and the ago of tuition was lixed at from 
five to sixteen. A Superintendent of Schools and two Trustees from each ward were to be chosen 
by the voters. These oflicials were to have control and regidation of schools, and waa-e to rcpoi't to 
the State Superintendent through the local Sui)erintendent the details of each institution. .\n 
amount not exceeding §2,000 was to be aimually voted l)y the citizens in support of the echicational 
institutions. Until this time Commim Council had appointed a Superintenilent and a Scliool 
Committee. 

In 18.')1, a further centralizaticm of municii)al functions is to l>e seen in the legislative power 
given Council to pass ordinances concerning the grading and paving of siilcwalks. 'I"he burden fell 
upon the property-owner, and lengthy provisions give tin; manner of proceeding in case tlie owner 
refuse or negh'ct to pay. In case the landlord neglected or refused, the tenant was empowered to 
deduct the cost of the im])rovement from the rent. 

On .March isth, i.S.52, a fifth ward was erected by tlie Legislature. This ward began al tlie 
center of Warren and Perry streets, thence along Perry to the Millhani mad, tlnaic.' along the .Mill- 
ham road to the Lawrence line, thence to the Princeton jiike, thence down Warreai street to tlie 
jjlace of beginning. The lirst annual election for the said waril was held at the house of Henry 
K 



74 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 

Paiu'k, at tlie BelvitU'VO Hotel. The act annoxing tlio " Jjorough of South Trenton" to tlic eity of 
Trenton (IS')!) provided that the East ward of Trentoii sliould thereafter he ealh^d the First ward ; 
the West ward l)eeanie tlie Second ward, whilst the annexed horough of South Trenton hecame the 
Tliird anil Fourth wards, the division line heinji IJloouishury street from its intersection with the 
Assan]iink crei^k to Lanihcrton street, thence alonj; Laniherton street to the XottinLdiani line. East 
of tliis division was tlie Third Wiird, west thereof was the {''ourth ward, leadinj; the way for the 
Fifth ward of 1,S.")2. 

In .March, 1<S.')8, the lines of the Fiftii ward were altci'ed, as follows : Hcginniiit; at tlie inter- 
section of M'arrcn street ami Hanover street, rnunins; easterly alon<; the ci'nter of Hanover street 
to the Delaware and liaritan canal, thence \\\> the center of the canal to Perry street, thence easterly 
alonir the center of I'erry street to the .\ssan]iink creek, thence alouL; the creek to the Lawrence 
townshi]! line, thence to the hranch lnni|iike road, thi'nee aloni; the liraueh mad to Warren street, 
thence to the place of lieginnini;. 

In l.S.")2, ("oninion Council was authorized to pave gutters ami to construct sewers ''I'oi' the 
drainajre of the city," with expensi- thereof to he assessed ajjainst the pr(i]ierty-owners l:)enelited. 

In Fehruary, IS.^-l, the eiti/cns were authorizeil to elect a Clerk, Marshal, Clerk of the .Market, 
Street Connuissioner and Treasurer. 

In 1854, Coinieil was authorized to estahlish lire districts and was directed to assess spei-ial 
taxes on owners of huildinus for the exjienses incident to fuiMiishint,' ilistrids with lire phiLts 
and tanks. 

In IS.")"), the municipal )io\\crs were further increased, llegulations concerning the wiileninji 
of streets and assessuu'uts therefor, with lulcs toucliiiio- the estahlishment of grades, are ])resented. 

The "City Atlas" now a]ipears, wliei'cin tin' City Surveyor is recpiired to register the names of 
lot-owners. The Clerk of the city was to he elected hy Council. 

In 18")f!, the polls o])ened at S .\. m. and closed at 7 P. M. Council was authorized to raise hy 
tax such sums as may he deemed expeilient. The rate was 70 cents on the hundred dollars. 

From 1S.")2 to 1858, many ordinances were passed ])roviding for tlie grading of sidewalks and 
gutter-curhing. This was ])ractieally the heginning of the jircsent .system of city improvements. 

Active measures during the sixth decade of the jircsent century were taken toward the ])reser- 
vation of the piiMi<- health. The markets were jilaeecl under a strict sanitary regime, ami the plan 
and scoi)e of the ]iolice department were eiilargiMl. In 184'.l, the southeast room of the lirst lloor of 
the Cit\' Hall was furnished for a Mayor's oHic(\ and a lire-])roof, (! ,\ o, for storing the puhlic docu- 
ments of the city, was iiuilt. .\t this time these valualile documents were much scattered, and it is 
hclieved this was the lirst attem])t to ]ireserve the jiapers of the town. 

During the early years of the fifties, Trenton saw the extension of the system of mimicipal gas- 
lighting. In consideration of a $10. ()<)() suhsci'iptiun <in the part of the city to the proposcil woi-ks 
of the Trenton (ias Light Company, the corporation agreed to lay their ]ii|ies on Waia-eii street, from 
the Assanjiink to the Five Points; on Ilmad street, from Lafayette to the fi'ciler ; on I'ront street, 
from Willow to Montgomery street; on State street, fn>ni Calhoun street to the canal ; mi Hanover 
and Perry streets, from Broad to Stockton. The company agreed to charge the city at rates not 
greater than those chargccl to jirivate consumers, the city to erect and keep up lamps at intervals 
not to exceed four hundred feet. ( .\]i]iroved .lime 7th, 1848.) 

In 1849, the jioor-house was improved, and in ISotj two city ])hysicians and an Ovcrs(>er of the 
Poor were first )>rovi<led for hy ordinance of Common Council. 

From 185(1 to 181)0, covering, in extcnso, the ]icriod of the war hetween the States, there was 
a decline in municipal activity. City aft'aii's hecame merged into those of a nation. Men w<'rc 
ahsorhed in Federal and State politics, and only so far as those of the city related to either or Inith 
was there great interest manifested. Treiitoifs thoughts were upon the hattle-lield, and upon the 
soldiers at her doors. 

Nevertheless, suilicieiit interest was had in municipal matters to jiromote an interest in secur- 
ing a new charter for the city. The docunicut of hS.">7 was heconiing ohsolete. New fields of 
municipal action were heing developed, reiiuiring additional jiowcrs to he lodgeil in Common 
Council. Trenton had hecome a city and was no longer a thriving village. In accordance with the 
demands of Trentonians, on the fifteenth of .March, 1806, the Legislature passed an avt which gave 
to Trenton a new charter and which remained in force for eight vears. 



CHAPTER XII r. 



THE Colil'ORATE HISTORY OF THE CITV oF TIJEXTOX. 
THE CHAltTEKS ()F ISCC, AXD ls74. 

Trextox Outgrows Her Old Coxditioxs — A Uij.iai) ('iiaktkk— Xkw W'aimi Lixes Estaiu,isiied 
— Increased Powers of Common Council — Movement for the ruicsEXT Charter — Thexton 
Embraces Chambersburg axd Millham — The Municipal Functions aiud Extended- 
Officers of Trenton in 180.") — A List of thi-: Mayors. 

^"^'"^''^HE CHARTER of ISfid was tc Trent. jii of its .lay a s;if isfact.)ry piivc of lo-islali.m. 
At tliis juM'i.i.l, Tri'iiton was .liviil.^.l into six war.ls. Tlii> |'"irst war.l cniliracril 
all the territory from the iiiteivi>eti.iii .if \\':ii-ren sti-eet anil the Assanpink, theiieo 
throuuh Warren street t.i Haii.iv.'r, th.'ii.-.' t.i the Dclawar.' and Uaritan canal, 
thence to Periy stri'et, thence al.mi;' Rcn-y stre.'t and in a .lirc.-l hni' tlua-iAvith to 




i^^^-? --. - - " - - 

(£) A cJ Assanpink ii-e.'k, then. -I' al.ini;- \\ :n-|-.'n street loth.' I'rinc.'t.m ]iik.', tliiiU'e to the 



-^-"\ K^i' the Assanjiink creek, thence hy its several c.iurses t.) the ])hice of i)ej.nnnin,u, 
p V^'^ 11"' i^ei'ond ward l)e^-an at the point of intersection of Warren street a 



nd the 



a 



Ewin^- townshiji line, thence alonu' the line to the Delaware river, thence aloni:: the 

])elaware to the nioutli of tln' Assan))ink, thence to tlu' ])lace of hcffinninj;. 

The 1'hir.l waril heuan at thi' int.Ts.^.'tion of \\':n-rcn sti'i'ct an.l the Assanpiid< creek, anil 

extended aloni; Warren street to Lainherton, thence to Washinirton streit, thence to the Delaware 

and Raritan canal, thence to the intersection of the canal with the Assanjiink creek, tlience hy the 

mill. lie .if til.' cri'ek t.i tin' pl.i.-.' of heuinniiiLr. 

The Fourth ward hej;an at tlie intersection of Warren street and the Assanpink creek, thence 
along \\'arren street to Lainherton street, thence along Lanihertonto Washington street, thence along 
Washington street to th.' Delaware ri\-.'r, thence up the j'iver to the mouth of the .\ssan|iink, and 
along the center of the creek to the jilace of heginning. 

The Fifth ward hegan at \\'arren street, and extended castei-ly along th.' middleof Ilan.iver street 
t.i th.' D.'lawarc and liaritno e.inal, thence along th.' i-anal tn Perry street, thence to the .\ssanpink 
creek, thence along the Assanjiink crei'k, by its various courses, to the l^awrence townshi]i line, 
thence hy the line of that t.iwushiji and ICwing township to the Princeton turnpike, tlience along the 
]iike to Warren street, an.l tli.'U.'c to the pkice of liegiiniing. 

The Sixth ward hegan at the intersection of Washington .street and the Delaware and Uaritan 
canal, and ran along Washington street to the Delaware river, thence down the Delaware river to 
the foot of the high hank an'! the ihiniilton township lin.'. t.) th.- D.'lawarc ami ll;n-itan canal, 
thence along the canal t.'i the place of heginning. 

By this cliarter the term of the JIayor was fixed at one ycai', with each wanl to he eiilitled to four 
Common Council men, two School Trustci'S for each ward. Ipon theaiuuial spring election, a Mayor, 
City Treasurer, School Suiicrintendcnt, Overseer of the Poor, Coiincilmen, Puhlic School Trustee.*, 
Assessors, Constables, Commissioners of Tax Ap[)eals, Chosen Freeholders, Ward Clerks, Judges and 
Inspectors of Election were voted for by the people — a very marked enlargement (jf the fran- 



76 TIJE CITY OF TRKNION. 

chisc when comjiarcd with the cliartcr ])r()vi.>^i()iis of 1792. The Receiver of Taxes was elected for 
two years. Ihider this cliarter Conimoii Council aj)pointed a City Clerk, City Surveyor, Clerk of 
the Market, City Marshal, City Solicitor, Street Comini.ssioner, Sealer of AN'eiffhts and Measures, two 
Police Justices, and sul)ordinate olliccrs deemed necessary for good novernuient in tlu; city. P)y 
thirty-live se])arate ])rovisious. Conunon Council was jriven wide-reachin<,' ])ower. That l>ody could 
regulate and control the real anil j)ersonal ])rn|icrty of the city, ])reservc |iulilir peace. su|i])res.s 
ganililing and disorderly houses, license and regulate saloons, restaiu-ants and the like, or prohihit, 
restrain, regulate and license all manner of i)ulilic exhiltitions and ]ierformanees. The care and 
maintenance of the puhlic streets and the regulatJDn nf huildings wt^re under their dii'cctinn. 
Racing and the sliced of trains were undi-r their control. Protection of pulilic grounds, lighting of 
streets, regulation of yirivate water-supply, location and care of markets, estahlishing of a Hoard of 
Ilt'alth, ahating nuisances, were among the p<i\vers vistcd in CiuiMcil. The right to regulate^ inter- 
ments, swinnning and Itathing in the city limits, weights and measures, day and night ]iiiliee, the 
fire dei)artment, and taxes was also lodged in the re])resentatives of the ])co])le. 

The dilTcrcnt ]mrposes fur which a tax might he raiscil inchidcd nhjccts which wci'e not even 
thought of hy the founders of the city. They included street-lighting, sujiiiort and maintenance 
of the i)oor, construction and rejiair of streets and sidewalks, ]iuhHc grounds ami ])arks : supjiort 
of puhlic schools, fire and police dc|iar1nicnts and markets; supplying the city with watci- lur the 
extinguishment of fires and iiaynii-nt of the interest on city deht and tem]iorary loans. Council 
had power to construct sewers and drains, to lay out streets and pave the same and to provide for 
assessments for this pur]i(ise. 

Under the stimulus of this new charter Trenton gave evidences of much mtmieiiial vitality. 
The city extended westward and northwestward, and the "good times" which preceded the panic 
of hSi .'1 were noficeaMe in this city. This ne\vly-ac(piiri_'d cliai-tci- was an incentive to the incorpura- 
tion of the horough of Chamhersliurg in ]S7'_'. during ISTU the city outgrew its old markets on 
Broad street, and the street was oiieiicd tn the puhlic from State to Academy — a wide and well-kept 
thoroughfare. Tlie centrali/ing of all tlii' Cannlen and Aiiihoy systems under the Pennsylvania 
Railroad management, and the increased facilities for travel, marked the opening of the .><eventies. 

U] ion the si'cond dayof Ajiril, lS(i7, the Seventh ward of thecityof Trenton was defined hy legis- 
lative enactment to he all that ]Mirtiiin of the city of Trentun mirth of the Delaware and luu-itan 
canal and the feeder. The development of the northwestern portion of the city was one of the 
causes which led to this move, and its results have heen very marked upon the growth of the town. 
The Seventh wai'd has heconie largely a residential sectiim, the high lands lieing nidre advantageous 
in the matter of good drainage and pure air. The city streets ri'ceived the careful attention of 
Conunon Council, and the early demand for good ])avements and a sewerage system was one of the 

features of city life of the time. The pulilic sel Is were enlarged and iinprii\ed, the stores liecamc 

more metropolitan and individualized, and the fir.st large place for jiopular amu.sement, Taylor 
Ojiera House, was erected when ISO? was ushered in. The old hip-roofed, colonial houses, with 
dormer windows, ami the low three-story " hrieks " that were imiiosing structures in 1.S2.5, gave 
way to the modern dwelling or trade emporium. 

Trenton stood u]ion the verge of a n(>w existence ! 

Whilst the charter of lS(J(i had many merits, it was Udt thorougly ada|ite(l to the needs of a 
growing city. Therefore, ujion the iiincfccrith day of March, 1S71, Trenton assumed a new ivic 
and was granted her pri'sent charter. 

Upon the nineteenth of March, 1S74, the Legislature jiassed a statute entitled ".\n act tn jiro- 
vide for the more ellieient government of the city of Trenton," the jiresent instrument of muuiciiial 
autonomy. The lines as laid down for th(> seven wards then constituted have not heen altered 
except in so far as the erectinn of the Eighth ward .altered the Iniundaries of tlu> old Fifth. Upon 
the consolidation of the township of Millham and the horough of Chamhershtn'g with Trenton, 
Chief Justice fiercer Beasley ajiiiointi'd connnissioncrs to divide into wards the amiexed territory 
(under a si)ccial act of March .'JOth, ISSS). The connnissioncrs selected were William S. ^■ard, 
George R, 'Whittaker, James S. Aitkin and Lewis Parker, who reported their lahors as complete upon 
the first day of June, 1888. The ward lines as then laid down com])rise tlu' jiresent lioundaries of 
the Eighth ward (Millham), and the Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh wards (Chandiersburg). 



THE CITY OF TltKXTOX. 77 

This (■liart<'r iif isTI is a ninsl compri'lK'Hsivr IcLiislativc iii'ant nl' puwcr tn a iuunici|ialit\'. I>v 
it^< vai-imis divisions tiic ]n'cinlc arr uivrii the alistilute roiitriil nl' the selection of their (iHii-ials, citiicr 
hy ilirrct vote or throULili their rejireseiitatives in Coniniun ("ouneil. Tlie ]]o\vers ami ilnties of 
( 'on HI ion ( 'onneil are in I he main similar to those of the chart ei- of ISCC, \\-hilsl I lie varied fnnetions 
of a tir<i\vin.n city an.' the sulijeets of henelieial letiishition. 

rpoii tile sixteenth of ()<-tolH'r. ISSS, the general orilinanees wc-re I'evised and consolidated, 
Thev enilira<'i' city leiiislation in I'cfercnee to fhi' lioard of Assessors ; the ins|iection, construction 
and alteration of liiuldint;s, with the lire limits laicl down ; the nund)erin,L;' of hnildinns — State street 
lieing tlie hase line north and south, and I'rin<-eton avenue. Warren street and the wharf line of the 
Delaware from the Assanpink to the city limits the hase liin' east and west. The cleaninji' of 
chimneys, the City Clerk, City Hall, City i'hysicians, city printinir. City Solicitor, City 'I'rcasurer, 
also coming under the various cha])tcrs of these ordinances. Disorderly persons, nuisances and tin' 
fii-e depai'tmcnt ai'e olhei' suhjects upon which there has heen leifislatioii. Since ISSS the ci|\- has 
de\-eloped its lields of action, and the ri'sults have heen most lii'atifyini;:. 

.\ i;reat clianire was hrouLiht ahout in mnnicip.al alTaii-s on .March 'i^ld, IS'.I-J. Then the Lc^ds- 
laturc passc(l ;ni act constitntini;' a municipal lloind of i'ulilic Works in (his cily as well as in cialain 
other <-ities of the State — Camden and Paterson. The act proviiled that the I'.oard should consist 
of live meml>ci-s. ap])ointcd hy the flavor of the city, which Hoard should he snhstituted for Com- 
mon Council. The I'xiard of I'nhlii- Works were empowered to have full control ^if all matters 
ri'latinn; to the streets, sidewalks, sewers water works and water-su[iply, and to tin- end were to 
a)>point a Clerk of the Board, Street Connnissiont'r, Si'wer Eniiineer, Su]ierintcndent of A\'atcr 
\\'orks. The Mayor was aulhoii/.cil to appoint the City Clerk, City ComptrolliT. City Ti-casurer, 
City Counsel, Itcceiver of Taxi/s and Inspector of llnildiiiLis, Lamps, Wells .and I'mnp-. liules for 
the siovcvnment of the Bi>ard were ]iasscd hy its memliers. 

Tn accordanc-e with the jirovi-ions of the act. the M.iyoi- .appointcil Cari'ct I ). W. \'room. who 
hccanie President of the Hoard : .\nlliony .\. Skinn, Joseph T. i;id'.:«ay, .lames K. Hanson, John 
\y. P.rooke. 

I'lidci- this Board. Ti-iaiton's ailvance in the hnildini;- of hci- sewers, the i-are of hei- sti-eets and 
thi' lietterin<;- of her water dejiartmcnt will ever he a hriLihl pa:jc in the history of the cily. Trenton 
made marvelous ]ir(\trress in evei-y direction, and the impelu> the city received threw her foi'ward in 
prosjress and in stahility. 

Tin- Boai'il. after ;ni eventful career — eventful in acconiiilishing ureat ,i>-ood — was alxilished on 
yi.w sth, IS'.il, hy act of the Legislature. Its aholition was, of course, a ]iolitical exi.iiency. 

The citv. .after this /^('(/(//c of the Board of Works, retm-ncd to its tormci- method (.)f f^ovenunent 
and still continues to act nndci- its oM chartei-. The followinu i-^ the list of city ollicials on 
July 1st, IS'-K) : 

Mayor, Kmory X. Vaid. 

City Clerk, C. Edward >[urray. 

As.sistant City Clerk. Ihau-y P,. Salter. 

City Treasurer \V. J. B. Stokes. 

Assistant City Treasurer K.S.Wilson. 

City Compfrollcr. ......-■ 

Assistant City Comptroller. ...... 

City Solicitor, -'"l"' Bi'll^l^ih. 

Receiver of Taxes, C. Harry Maker. 

City En.Ldneer, *'•<'• H^'vcn. 

Judt^e District Court, Channcy H. I'.easley. 

Clerk District Court (h'or-c X. I'acker. 

Suiierintemlent police and JMrc .\larm 'i'elei:ra]pli, . . Charles C. Drake. 

Chief of Police, Charles II. .McChesney. 

Police Sur-eon, William P. Van Duyn. 

I .lohn J. Clearv, 

Captains. ,f Police, (William llurtn>an. 



Howard S. Titus. 
.1. 11. P.. Howell. 



TIIK ( ll'V OF TltKNTuN. 



City J[:irslial, 
Janitor City Hall, . 
Street CDniniissioiicr, . 
Sclioi>l Siqicrintcnilriit, . 
Uuildiiii;' liispectdr, 

Police .lu.-^tii-cs, 

City Physicians, . 

Overseer of the Poor, 
Stewanl of Alms llnuse. 
Sealer (if W'cidits and Measures, 
Chief Kn^inecr Fire 1 )epai-lnient, 

Assistants 



P>(iartl I if Assessors. 



Kihnund 11. Nutt. 

Walter Serul>y. 

John ( iinder. 

r>eslie C. Pierson. 

William ir. Leo. 
( i>(iuis Coutier, 
( William J. Crossley. 
f E. L. Dickinson, 
I I^. J). Tomjikins. 

William ^r. Nutt. 

I.. F. P,aker. 

C.ttleil. Jenter. 

William :\rc(iill. 
( Cliai-les S. Allen, 
i James W. Px'nnett. 
Lewis P. Williams, 
AliihouMi M. Pycraft, 
Martin Keegan, 
John C. Schwei/.er, 
Levi U. Furnian. 



"he followiiej; are the ollicei-s anil memhers of Conmion Conneil : 

President -I"!'" ^^'- I'-n'"''-- 

Clerk, 

First Ward, 



( '. Ivluard M m'l'ay. 
( ( Jeiii-Liv \\'. .Mai|iherson, 

t F. V. C. Wiiudw.ii'd. 

\ William Jackson, 

( Richanl C. Oli|iliaut. 

f Enoch W. Cas.', 

■( Peter K. ]'.aker. 

I James Fury, Jr., 
( William Ci'ojiii. 
( .lusc|ih C. Dye, 

'( Many !•:. Fisher. 

( John ( ). ( 'limiodo, 
( Iliiii) J. Nicklin. 
( J.imi- r.. I'.cll. 

"I Frank .M. W.'ller. 

( Walter Firth, 

'( William H. J'.aker. 

i Amos P>. Seudder, 

'( John Hazlett. 

f Fred. A. Walker, 

(John W. P.atcs. 

( Freih P. lieese. 
Eleventh Ward, | Frederi.-k P.^try. 

All IJeimhlieans except the representatives of tlie F.iurlh ward. 

Throntrh tlie researches of the Hon. (}. D. W. N'ro.mi, the following is a correct list of .Mayors 
of the city of Trenton : 

r.NDKK TUic niisT cn.U!TP:n. 

i)r. Thomas Cadwalader, Chief Burgess. 



Second Ward, . 
Third Ward, 
Fourth A\'ard, . 
1-ifth Ward, 
Sixth Ward, . 
Seventh Ward, 
Eiuhth M'ard, . 
Nintli Ward, 
Tcntli Ward, . 



THE CITY OK TUKNTON. 



rM)KI( TIIK SKCOM) AM) SUIiSICiiUENT Cir.UtTl';!!?:. 



^\nnvr Fiinnnii. 17'.I2-17'.M, 

Aanm I )ii-lviiisuii W'dodrulT, 1 7'-l4-17'-l7. 

JaiiK's Ewiiii;-, ] 7'- '7- ISO."), 

.losluia Wri-lit, 1 S();;-l SOC, 

Sta.y P.itts. l.S()i;-]si4, 

I'x.lii'vt M.Xraly, 1sM-1s;;l>, 

Cliarli's I'.iin-uimlis. lS;i-J-l,S47, 

Saiiiurl [[. IlaiiiiHoii, 1S4.S-1S-1'.), 

William ('. II., well. IS-lll-lS.-.O, 

\\'illiani Xajituii. 1 s.',( I- 1 s:,-_>. 

Juhn i;. Tiirkrr, ISo-J-lS.-.l, 

William Xaptoii, lS."i4-ls:)r), 

.Tuliii i;. Tucker, lsr,.-)-i,s,-,(j, 

J.is.-iih Wu.hI. 1s.-,(;-1s.",;), 

Franklin S. Mills, IS.V.I-lSfil, 



William I!. :\IrK,.aii, lS(il-lS(;:l, 
iM-anklin S. Mills, ].S(;:!-].S(;7, 
Altivil itccd, isi;7-is(;,s, 
William Xa|,l<in. 1 scs-l s71, 
•Idlm l!i-icsf, Is7|-i,s7:,. 
Wi'slcy ( 'rrvi4iiiL;-. 1S7")-1S77, 
l»aiii(l ]',. M.Kliiii". 1S77_1.S7!), 
William i;irr, 1S7',UI,S,S1, 
Cai-nt 1). W. \'r<,..iii. lssi-l.S.S4, 
Ki.lian! A, Ddmully, 1 SS4-1S.S(), 
.ImIih W(„,lv,-i-i,iii, iss(;-]s.s7, 
l''rauk A. Mai^owan, 1S.S7-1SS;I, 
Anthony A. Skirm, IS.SD-lS'.)], 
Daniel .1. Urchtel, i.s;i]-l,S'.);5, 
.Im<,|,Ii i;. Shaw, is'.i;;-i.s',).',, 



N. ^'anl. IS'.i.-.. 




CHAPTER XI \^ 




THE AWEXKr) T)rsTl!T('TS. 

Tkkn'I'hn's riitDwni ntiiM Wniiix, OrrwAiin — Townsiiips of Indki'kndf.ncI': anh ICwixi; — Towx- 
siiii' OF r>A\vi{KX(i-: — 'riii; l!oi;<iiini of Softii Tjjk.xtox — Township of irANrii.T(j.x — Township 
OF Nottingham — Oiri.ixi-: Skiricu of CitAMni:i:siiri!(; — Township of .Millii.vm — The Present 

J{oUoF(HI OF WlI.IUK AND ITS OFFIiEItS — CaI)WAI.AIiI:i; I'l.ACE. 

•'^'^ 

1!1',XI<>X, ill its systiMii ot rxtciisioii of rity limits, lias at various times eiiiliract-d 
]Hirtions of coiitiiiiKiUs to\viislii|is. So rmirli of tlic amirxccl ilistricts as arc prop- 
rrly a portion of tlir ]irc-ciH i-ityof Ti'ciiton. avr wnilhy of consideration. The 
])lan of absorption lias iii'vir licen violent. l>ut I'vcry move made has met with the 
general consent of liotli Trentonians and their neiulihors. The annexed districts 
have hecome meru'ed into Trenton in the strictest sense of the term. When the 
township or horouuh hecanie of sulhcient size, Trenton sjiread her protecting arms, 
anil the union was coiiiplefe. In this conservative tiut slow growth, Trenton lias 
been most fortunate. No great wilderness of unoccupied territorv, dignified hy 
the name of "city," surrounds Trenton. Her |iopulation crowds her every limit. 
She jiays for no miles of sewers through country roads, nor electric lights to illuminate wheat-fields. 
No mounted ]>olice are necessary, and thi' liiu- hetwccii city and country is very sharply dcliiii'<l. 

Trenton's first experience with her sulnu-liaii iiit<'rests was during the period of her incorjiora- 
tioii. The act of IT'll' cut into two |iarts the old township of Trenton. The city appropriateil thi; 
name so long honored, and the remaiiidci- of the iiihahitants of the township felt that they must do 
something to redeem themselves, so it came alioiit that the citizens of that portion of Trenton town- 
siiip not includcil within the corporation, upon the twentieth of May, 17'.i-">, prcseiiteil a p(>titioii 
that they he set ofi' into a townshi|i. to he known as Indepeiiileiice. A hill fortius jmrpose was 
presented, with a remonstrance from the citizens of Trenton. it was agreed to suhniit the decision 
of the hill to the House of Asscnihly, where it jiasscd upon the thirty-tirst of -Tanuarv, 1794, 
hut was defeated in Council on the eleventh of Fehruary. This is the territory which later hecame 
the township of Ewiiig uiion the twenty-second of I'eliriiary, IS-'ll. The name Ewing was given 
thereto in honor of Chii'f .lustice Charles lowing, who had died in the year l.S'52. 'J'his township, 
wliich was then a part of the county of Hunterdon, was ahsorhed into Mercer county in 1S;!S. 

In ISK), on ]K'tilion of the iiihahitants. the Legislature clianged the name of Maidenhead to 
that of Lawrence township. The latter name had hecome somewhat olijectionahlc to the citizens, 
although commemorating a place in England. I'lirthermorc, they desired to pay homage to Com- 
modore Lawrence, who was a citizen of New .Jersey, in fact, of JJurlington county, and had then 
recently gained his naval victory. Li ISoS, Lawrence township became a part of Mercer county. 
In 1844, March 14th, a ]iortion of the northeast sei'tion of the city of Trenton was amie.\(>d to Law- 
rence, whence it had been taken in ISoT. 

On the twcnty-eightli of I'^'bniary, 1840, the Legislature I'rccted a iiortion of N'ottingbam town- 
ship into the borough of South Trenton. Its b<iunds were markt'd by the Assaiijiink creek, the 
canal, Cass street and the Delaware river. This included what is now the Third and Fourth wards 
of the city of Trenton. t)n the nineteenth of March, ISol, the Legislature annexed this borougli 
to the city of Trenton, tlierel)V constituting the Third and Fourth wards. I'lidcr the incorporating 
act, James ]M. Redmond was appointed Cliief Burgess ; James IL Sims and Bailey A. West, Assist- 



TIIH CITY OF TUKXTOX. SI 

ant I!uriifs*(\« ; ]\rarsliiill C. Ilulmcs. llii;li CmstaMc. aii.l .lar.,1, H. .laiiii's. l:..rou,-li Clrrk, ((, cun- 
tiniR' in otiicc until tiu-lirst 'I'licsday in .May. isil, and I'nmi tlicncclurtli until ..tiiciy .slh.uld \h- duly 
apiMiinted in their placi's. 

Ujion the clcvcntli of .March. \S\-2. tli<' lM\vnslii|, ,,r Xoltin-hani ua~ suhdivi.lrd liv the civrtion 
of tlio tow-n.-^hip of Ihunilloii. It- hounds wciv marked hy the I )iii\vare and Uaritan canal, where 
it crosses the Assanjiink creek, the Crosswieks creek, the ivi^t \\'inds(jr and West M'indsor lines, and 
the Assanpink creek, hy its several courses, to tln' placi' of liei;iuniiiL;. In lS(i,S, the tcwnship \va,s 
divided into two election districts. I''i-(]ni the lnwn^liip df Il.iinihon in |s7-_' ( April lM ) the hui-(iii^]i 
of Chaudiershurii- was formed. The legislative Ijouuds included the present limits of the .Ninth, 
Tenth and k]le\iaitli wai'ds. 

This early-cstahlished townshi]i. lyinji; eonti.nuous to Trenton, wa- .aniou;:- the townships which 
fonneil Mercer county ( act of Fehruary I'l'd. ls;!S). Tliis new county ..f Mercer ineludcd the town- 
ships of Tri'iiton, Kwini;, L.awrcuce and Hopewell nf the comity of llunt(a-don, .Xdttiniiham of the 
county of ]Jurlin,uton, Fast \Vin<lsoi' and West Wimlsoi' uf tln' ountvof .Middlesex, as then con- 

stituteiL On the twenty-seventh of the -miie month, a poiii.in of Montuomei'v township. S ersct 

county, anil tliat portion of West Windsoi' in the Imrou'jli of I'lincefon, were erected into the town- 
ship of I'rineetoii. Trenton was selected as the county capital after a spii'in'd cimtcst. 

Upon the si.xth day of ^hu•l■h, IS.JC, all that portion of the township of .Notliniiham Iviiiii' north 
"of the lini' di-awn from tln' lime kiln on the l»elaware and Itaritan canal aloui; the foot nf the liii;h 
bank westerly to the Delaware river," was aniH'Xcd to the city of Trenton. 'I'his hecame the Sixth 
ward of Trenton. The remainiuL;- portion of the township was annexed to Hamilton townshii>, 
which eradicated from the map the last ti'aec of uld .XnttiuLiham. 



A.\ OuTLi.Nio Skio'I'cii of ('ii.\.Mni:i;srai;o, wrrn 1 1 isroiiu ai. .\ i.i.isio.xs to 'I'mc 

CuAMIiKKS l'\\MII,'|-. 

All that part of Trenton liuunded hy the Delaware and l!ai-itan c;in.-il. .\ssanpiuk la-eck, 
Chainhei's street and Lalor street, was the lioi-oui;li of ( 'hamliei-shm'.i;' until its consulidation with the 
city of Trenton iqnin the first day of May, 1SSS. 

The founder of Chamliershui'L; was the late lioliert ( 'haiiihcrs, whose familv had heeu residents 
of Trenton and vicinity for live generations. 

Mr. Chamhers ])urcha,sed some of the ( 'hamhcrshur'j land as early as IS'iO and used it for 
farming ]iurposes. .\liout IS,".;; Mr, Chamhci-s employed .lulm II. Whiltakci-. then a hoy-student 
of surveying, to draw a map of this property mi the White llnisc r.iad. cimsisting of ahout twenty- 
seven acres. 

The following year. ISol, ^Fr. ( 'hamliers luiilt three three-story hrick houses on the corner of 
W'asliington, JJroad and Coleman streets, consisting of a store on the corner of Washington and 
]5road, the next a dwelling, the third a hotel. The latter was on the corner of 15roa<l and Coleman, 
with its sign-post '■ Cliamhersliuig Hotel." 'I'his was the heginning of Chamhershurg. He soon 
erected five frame houses on J5road and Coleman streets. .\ year or two later he constructed a 
woolen factory on tlu' southeast corner of IJroad and Coleman streets. This was hurni'd ahout ISo.S 
or 1859. He then erected another large fnur-storv lirick factory on the corner of Coleman and 
Houghton streets, whicji was used for a short time as a hliiid and slia<le factory. During tlu' Ci\ il 
war it was rented hy Quartcnnaster-dcneral I'errine as liarraeks for the soldiers. At oni' time this 
edifice .sheltered ahout one thousand men. 'Hiis huilding was ]iartially deslroyi'd hy lire and was 
rehuilt in three stories. After this it was uscil as a cracker hakcry. 

Ahout twelve or thirteen years after >[r. Chamhers huilt these houses, the Home haml Asso- 
ciation laid out lots in 18()7, south of his pr()])erty and toward the canal. On tlie east, the Work- 
man's r>and Association, T.indeii Park Association and Mechanics" hand .\ssoeiation laid out llieir 
lotsa1)out ]S(;'.). 

An act to incorporate the horough of Chamhershurg, in the townsliip of Hamilton, county of 
Mercer, was a]>proved hy Senate and (iencral Asscmhly of tlic Slate of New .Icrscy, April 2d, \X7'2. 

Robert Chambers [\. was a son of llohert Chambers, a soldier in the Uevolutionary war. 
Robert Chi^mbe^•s I. wna at the battle of Trenton, although but eighteen years old at that time In 
h 



S2 Till". CITY OF TRENTON. 

the Historiciil Society "f IVnnsylvaniii there i.>< a §50 Contuieiital note whicli Cai)tain Ivohcrt 
Chanihers received as i)art pay fur services rendered in the Revolutionary army. 

After the war Captain Cluuvihers ke])t a stni-e on State street, between Warren and (iueen (now 
Broad) streets. After a few years lie removed to his ])lantation in Middlesex county, hut afti'r- 
ward returned to Trenton, i)urcliased a house and irrounds on the west side; of (iueen (now ]5road ) 
street, and south of the Court House, about one hundred and si.xty feet on the street, and extend- 
ing; the same distance liack therefrom. .V French ij:entlcman, a friend of .Joseph Honaparte, 
ex-Kini; of Spain, had the L'Vouiids laid out in walks and flower-beds, which added much to the 
beaiitv of the street, l)nt not likin,";' this comitry as well as France, sold the i)roperty to Mr. 
Chambers and returned to his own country. Here Cai)tain Chaml)ers resided until his death, bSlo, 
his wife Francinah Rec(ler. snrvivint;- him about ciirhtccn months, lioth wrre niend)ers of the 
First Presbyterian Chui-ch and wei-e Imricd mar the cent<'r of tin- cliurchyai-d. When the present 
church was built in bS.'S'.t it was conclude<l to place tic new e<liliee mori' in the center of the church- 
vard as the old church was on the west side of the plot. The irraves of Afr. and Mrs. Ch.-imbers. 
tliree grandcliildrcn ami manv other fiunilies, came just inside of the northeastern fonmbitiou wall. 
This ex])Iains the reason for their headstones beinu placeil in the norlheaslcni onlsiilc wall of that 
church. 

Robert Cliainbers, the foumh'r of Chambersburu', was descendeil fi-om a lonu' line of pious 
ancestoi-s, datinir from the religious i)ersecutioiis in I'"landcrs. The family llnl to S.-otland. Here 
thev again suiTercil religious persecutions in tin- i-cigii of Cbai'les II. ami .laims II, They then 
souirlit refugi' in .\nierica. The oi'iginal emigrants of the Chambci-s line sailed from Leith, the sea- 
i)ort of Kdinburgh, Scotland, in tlie ship " Henry and l-'raneis.'' which left August l.st, Ki.S."). After 
a tedious voyage of lifteen wei'ks tlu-y ai'rived at I'i'rth .\iiilioy ami settled lirst at Piseataway, where 
they purchased land. .\ftirward, as eai-ly as ITOH. the family pui-eh;iM'<l l;md in old Windsor 
township, Middlesex county, now Wasliiiii^ton township, Mercer county, near Allentown. ,\ pai't 
of this property is now in the possession of .Miner U. Chambers, I^S(pnre, of Trenton. 

Robert Chambers, the founder, was, like his fathei', a i-oiisisteut nn'mbci' nf the Fii'st Pi-esby- 
terian Chui'ch of Trenton for forty-six years, anil was a noble-hearted, publie-spiriti'd man. He 
departed this life February liiid, l<S(i.'). 

Mii.i.nA\r. 

By act of the T;egislature ])asscd February 10th, bSS'2, the township of Millham was set off from 
the townsliiii of I>awrence. The bounds began in the center of the Assan])ink creek, on the easterly 
line of Trenton, ami following the several courses of the crc'i'k, on the lin<' of llamihon townshi]), 
to the line of tint iMiterpi'ise Land Association, thence by the iMiterprise I.anil Association to the 
center of Brunswick aveinie, thence westerly to the lowing township line, tlienee soutlu'i'ly along the 
JMving-Lawrence line to the helaware and Kai-ilan can;il. tlienee to the Law leiiee-Ti-entoii line ami 
ailing the same to the jilaci; of beginning. 

Th(- first township oflicers were elected at the town meeting at the liousi' of .lames I >. MeManus. 

Millham was largely a portion nf tlie old Philemon I )iekinson estate, wliieh, with other prop- 
erties, came into the ]iossession of the Fast Trenton I.amI ami P.uilding Company in l^liti. and the 
Enterprise Land Company in 1S78. 

.Millham is essentially the ]iottery. tile and laibber mainifaeturing district of the city. It is 
this portion of Trenton that is strictly called the '• Statfordshire of America,"' where all gi'ades of 
pottery arc made, from tlie coarse clay "saggi'r"" to the fragile P.elU'ck cup. 

I'lioii the thirtieth day of March. 1 >iX>;, the Legislature jiasscd an act consolidating Millham 
with the city of Trenton. By this, Millham became the f'iglith ward. The act took eifcet the 
first day of May of that year, 

Wii.iu'u. 

The organization of Wilbur into a borough was effected under the Borough Coimnission act of 
1882. A special election of the inhabitants of that ]iortion of Hamilton township was held in the 
William G. Cook school-house on the eighteenth of .Vjiril, IS'.i], and the borough was erected by a 
vote of forty-nine to thirty-six. This method of a Borougli Commission did not fully meet the ends 



THE CTTY OF Tltl<:NT()X. 



83 



designed. In tliiit tlic ncwly-crcclcd inuiiicii>;dity was in such dirrct ciinncctiMii with tlic citv (if 
Trenton, tlic Cnniniission ],lan did not nivc the latitude dcsircil, ami the inhahitants desired to avail 
themselves of the ]ivovisions of a later h\\\. Therefore, hy vii'tue of tlu> "Act for the fornialioii 
and .u-ovenunent of Iniroudis," apinMvcd April I'd, IS'.ll, the " r><in>u,Lili Connnissiim of Will. in-" 
was erected into the •■ r.orou.i:;h of Williur," the certilieate hi'in,t;- filed May ITtli, \S'.)-2. On the 
tenth of May, IS'.l-J. in the William (I. Cook sehooldiouse, the election to this end resulted in a vote 
of one luiiidred and thirty-four to nine. 

The hounds of Wilhur are thus set forth : " I'.eninning in the midille of tlie Assan[)ink creek 
at a jioint where the eastern line of the East State Street and (ireenwood .\venue Land Association 
if continued would interseid the said creek, and lunniiiL' tluaiee westerly alonj.' the line of the said 
Assanpink ereek to a point where Chamhers street liridLie ci-osses tin- said ereek, thence soutiierlv 
along Chamhers street to Jefferson street, thence noiihea^terly along -lell'erson street to Olden avenue, 
thence inirtherly along Olden avenue to llaniilton a\einii', thence easterly aloii'j; 1 lamilton avenue 
to a pciint oppositi' the eastern line of I'.ast State Sti'eet and ( ireenwonil .\venue Land .\ssoeiation, 
thence IK Hi heily aliiiig said ea,--teilv line of East St a ti' Street and ( ireeiiw 1 .\\i'iiue Land Associa- 
tion, in a sti'aight course, to the .\ssnnpink creek aforesaiil ami the place of hegiiming." 

Lndir its |iresent organization the iMiruiigh of Willmi' depi'inls npuii 'I'rentnn for its water- 
supply and for its gas and electiic lighting facilities. Lni'ing the suminei-nf 1 SI).") the horouirh 
purehiised a cheniii-al tin- engine. It also niaintains its own system ni jjdiice. In late years Wilhin- 
has grown with rapidity, .\lthoiigh not in the annexed district, the situation (if the horoiigh renders 
it liighly pi'dliahle that it will foiiii a |iart (if the city of Trenton ere many years have gone hy. 'I'he 
fiilliiwing is the present org.-inization of the lioiMUgh : 



:\lay..r, 

CiinniKin ( 'ouncil. 

Clerk, 

Asse.ssor, 

Collector, 

Solicitor, 

Sui'veyor, 

Marshal. 



Schodl Tiustee: 



I lai ry Iv L.arlow. 
( Charles 11. Christ(i]>lier, 
! William A. Sanford, 
1 ,\ai'on ( iagL;-, 
[ (leorge 'i'unnicliife. 

Alhert Edward Dearden. 

.I.ihn Hess. 

John ('o.xon. 

JSartoii 1!. Hutchinson. 

E. 0. Weir. 

Samuel T. Hawkins. 
[ William Thomas, 

Willi.am E. I'.l.inr, 

Mark Mose.s, 

(h'orge W. I'riee, 

.Millard V. Snyder, 

William H. Loese, 

Irvin Woltiiiger, 

Thomas II. II umphreys, 

Xahiir l:. ^•al■d. 



Caii\\ai,.\iii:i; I'i.ack. 



"Cadwalailer I'lace" is the only Ideality in the neighliorhdod df Treiildii that has hceii 
<h've]o])ed e.xclusivelv for a residence (Hiarter. i''or four generations it was the home of a liraneli 
of the Cadwalader family, a Welsh family that has liecii ideiililie(l largely with the growth and 
])rosperitv of the citv of Treiildii. Doctor Thomas Cadwalader was the Chief I5tugess of Trenloii in 
174.S, and fdr a hiinilrcil and tiftv years memhers of the family have heeii ]irominent in colonial, 
national, State and local alTairs. 

The tract comprises one hundi-ed and fifty acres, and is cligihly located upon tlie hank of the 
Delaware river, hetween Cadwal.-idcr I'ark and the city proper, and is rapidly hcing luiill up with 
beautiful resideiice.s. 



84 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



Tlic tract was liamlsomoly laiil out witli macailauiizi'd roads, f()()t-|)aths, sewors, pis aiul water 
lu'l'ore it was olTcrcd for salo ; tlir iiiiiucivciiii'iits cost 8S(),0()0. The land is divided iiitn larue plots 
and sold with miinerous restrictions, cliier anionir which are tlie ]iiMhilpitiiin of the eanyirii; nn of 
nianiifaetvn'inL; or incrcantile alTairs, or tiie <:\\r of li<|nor. 




(11,11 C\i.\\ u \iii.:[t ^^\^■sI(.^■. 



There were nianv ]irci|iheeies ihai Ihe exjierimeiit avouM he costlv and disastrous, hnt on the 
contrary the inijifo\rniciil> and the I'olriclions struck llie jjopular fancy, ami the rcsuU was very 
salisfactoi'v. 




HKMUKVCK OF E. C. IIll.I, C'AllWAl.AllKIt PLACK- 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



85 



'I'lic Liiiiri-nl scope lit' till' ( iitcrpiisc was sujjr.iri'stiMl Id the Cadwaladrrs liy I'jliiininl ( '. Hill, 
when lie was I'liainiian of the Park ('oniiiiittcc, wlio tliouaht it woiilil ini|ii-ovc tiic l'arl< a]iiiroaclics 
and surnmndiiiiis. Tlir Cadwaladcrs a.ij;i-rcd to adopt the su.uu'cstioiis ii' Mi-. Hill would sii[)criiitcnd 
till' work, an oll'rr that \\a~ at llr-l drcliiird Imt at'tiTwai'd arrcptnl. 

'■ CadwakidiT I'lacf" lias linai an cxaniplo and an inspiration to Trrntonians and a lai'tro sliarc 
of tlir I'lx-ent extensive local iniprovcnients is traeealilc to the impressions created liy the new suhurh. 



*'^-'*§^*** 



CIIAPTKIJ XV. 



'IIK rlTY DKI'AirrMKXTS. 




'riiKNTox's W.\-ii:i;-SiiM'i.\ — Iliiw Tin: Cny Skiikku \\'Ari:i; i\ iin.: 1v\ki,v 1>av^ — Tiiic Tuksknt 
OijcAMZATinN OF THIS I )i;i'Ai!iM K.xr — Till: I'.iiMMi (ir lli:\i.iii and its Oi-ficeij.s — Tukxton's 
I'auks — TiiKiu HisTDifV AM) ('(iMMissKiNKiis — 'I'm: Sic\vKi!A(j-: AMI Dkaixage System — Its 
Ohkux Axii DicvEi.oi'MEXT — TiiE KxcisE Depakt.m EXT — Eeectkii' Lichtixc axi) its HiSTonV. 

1 !■■, I'"Ii;ST cliaitn- for tlic 'I'l-ciitdii Water Works was passed Deceinlier od, ISO]. 
It was terineil ■■.\iiaet to autlioiize Stephen Scales to eoiivev tli(> water from his 
s]irin.u- throiitili tlie several streets of the city of 'i'l-eiitoii.'' the preaiilMe whereof 
thus read : •• Wiiekeas, Stephen Scales hath rc]iresented tliat he hath purch.ased 
a sprin.u: in tlie citv of Trenton, from which he can conduct tlie water throuirh 
several of the stri'cts of said citv, therchy supplying the iidiahitants with jileiitv 
of sweet and wholesome water, jirovided he can he authorizeil to lav his trunks 
throujih some of the intcrvcninu' lots." 

This charter gave him power to convey the water from said sjirinj: throu.t;li 
any lots whicli lie might find it nece.<sary to pa.ss in its way to the .-streets of said 
city, without let, trouhle, hindrance, or molestation of any person or ])ersons whatsoever, and with 
lal:)orers, carts, wagons and other carriages, with their licasts of hurden or drantilit. and all neces- 
sary tools and imiilements, to enter ujion the lands through wliich it is necessary said a(|Ueduct 
should pass, and to dig through and lay trunks in the same, for carrying on the said work, and for 
repairing the sinne from time to time, lirst giving notice to the owner, if in this State, or to the 
tenant in jiossessioii thereof, doing as little damage thereto as ])ossihle, and rejiairing any lireaches 
tliey may make in the inelosures thereof, and making amends for anv damage tliat mav he sus- 
tained hy tile owner or owners then'of. Penalties wei-e laid for ohstructinu; the water works. 
Furthermore, the lirst charter granted to Stei>lien Scales gave him power to use only tlie water wliicli 
should originate or rise from his spring, or ujion his said lot so purchased, liut tliat he should 
jiermit all water not originating or rising upon his said lot or from Ids spring freely and uninter- 
ruptedly to pass for the use of the lanyards on the stn^am made tlierehv. 

It a])])ears that Scales soon desired to sell his privilege to tlie iiihahitants of Trenton if thev 
wouhl form a company, whereupon an organi/.ation. with a ca]>ita] stock of SI, 200, was created. 
IJooks for olitaining snhscriptions were opened hy Peter (iordon, and a President, two Directors a 
Secretary and Treasurer were chosen. The following citi/.ens suhscrihed to the stock : Isaac Smith 
Peter Cordon, Kllett Ih.wel, Th.mias M. Potter. Henry i'ike. .h'rh. W'oolsey. \\'illiam Scott, Jucol) 
llerliert, Ahraham Hunt, (lershom Craft, Ceorge Dill, Kllett Tucker, .Josc]ili Milnor, .loshua New- 
liold, Ilannali II. liarnes, William Potts, Mary and Sarah IJarnes, Joshua Wright, Stephen Scales, 
•lohn 1*. Sndlh, .\. Chamln^rs, John Chamhers, .lames iMving, George Henry. 

On the twenty-ninth of Fehruary, 1804, the Legislature passed an act incor]>orating the Trenton 
Water Works, hy the name of '-The President and Directors of the Trenton Water ^\'orks." 

The original coriuirators were James Kwiiig. Peter Cordon, Thomas M. Potter, tier.sliom Craft 
and Alexander Chamhers. James Kwing was chosen the lirst President ami Peter Gordon and 
Thomas M. Potter, Directors. 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 87 

'I'liry wci-c -ivcii ;iulli(ii-ity to lay and cxtcinl tlicii' a.nicilui't tlii-(iUi;li sucli nf llic sl|-ci'ts of the 
city as they may lliink iirrussary, ami to o]icii ami dij.' in sm-h parts of said streets as may Ke con- 
venient for their piiriMises. It seems that the agreement lietween Scales and the water com]ianv 
had heen made upon the eighteenth of Septemlier. 1 M L'. This act was a praetieal eonlirmatioii of 
the auri'einelll. 

On the eii;htli of {■'ehniai-y, l.SJI. an act was passed t<i iiicoipoi-ate the |ii-o|irirtors of the 
Trenton A<nieduet ('om].any. Andrew Ucedcr. Charles Kiee, Stacy I'otts, .los.ph r.roailhnr-t and 
I*eter Ilowi'll were the oi'iiiinal eoi-poralors. 

The olijeet of this I'onipany was thr supplyin'j of tlic city of Tiriiton with irooil and wholesome 
water. They were ineorporati'd as ••Tie' I'ri'sidenl ami |)ire(tor>of the Tivnton Acpiediiet Coni- 
|>any."' Andrew lecdei- was eho>eii I'l-esident ; Charles Rice, Treasurei-, and Staev I'otts, .Io>eph 
I'.roadhnr^t and Telia- llowill, I )iieelois. 

Their charter alloweil thi'ni to open only four I'ods at a lime in any of the -ti'eets of the cilv 
not to he kepi open miu'e than three days at a time, and t.. he lilleil np at the expense of the corn- 

jiany. and to lie I'eiidia-ed as ^ood as if the same had not heen taken np and re ved. Thev were 

Hot to lay their main trunk throULih the sti'ei'ts of Trenton upon the same level with the trunks of 
the pi-esent loiupany of the Trenton W'atei- Work~, hut eithia- InLihei- oi- lowei', that they mi.^ht not 
inipede them in earryini; o|f tluii- eniss trunks. The capital stock was not to exceed .S.'!, ( )( )( ). and 
was to he ap|ii-opriated exclusively to the purposi' of snpplyini; tin' city of Ti-cntoii \\itliL;ooi| and 
wholesome watci'. 

Fchruary ■J'.)th. iNlS, the Ti-iail(.ii and South Trenton .\.|Ueduei Conipanv \\.a< incorporated for 
more efiVctually supplxiiiL! the city of 'I'rentoii and horouiih of South Trenton with watei-. Its 
capital stock was 8-'i( l.< l(l( 1, with the pri\ilc-e of iiu icasim: the same to ><.")(l. 1 1( )n. 'I'he stock was 
divided into shares of .S")0 each. Tic corporators wii-e.lolm McKi'lw.ay. W'illi.im llalstea<l, Samuel 
McChirtr, Charles Wriuht, Xenophon .1. .Maynard. .John Sa^icr and .Mexandcr II. .Viinoni-. 

The corporation was authoiized to use the water of (he Delaware ri\-er, or the .\ssanpink la-eclc 
Ix'low the dam. hut not to take away, ilivert oi- in an\' mamiei' iiijuT'c or impaii' the siipjilv of water 
in the fountains used hy the Ticnton W'atei- \\'oi-ks Coiup:niy. 

In IX'yl "The I'l-esident and hirectors of the Tl'cntoU W'atei- W'oi-ks"' represented to the 
Legislature that tlic> |)opulatioii of the (ity would no lon^ci- wai-rant the use of spi-iuL's, and the 
Legislature tlua-cujion authorized the company to take walci- from the l>cla\\are I'ivcr and elevate 
the !<anie to the rcsci-voii-. 

This pra<-ti<-ally marks the liiial aholitiiai of the hoi-cd wooden watci- pi]"', for which the iron 
pipe was suhstituted. 

This eoi-poration, "The President and directors of tin- Ti-ciilon \\'ali-i- Works." retained ]iiis- 
.session of all the powi-rs, pi-ivileges and franchises of the i-ompany of isoi', which |iui-chased Si-aics' 
rights. 

In March, 1 ^-'iS. pursuant to an act of the Legislatui-e. the i-ily of Trenton voted hy a lai'ge 
majoi-ity to purchase the \\aler works, ami upon the first of .March, h^o'-l, the Legislature sanctioned 
tlu' tnmsfci- of the watci- Works to the inhahitants. The deed was datc-d Marc-h 7th, \X'>U. and 
signed hy Charles .Mo(ii-c, I'rcsidi-iil. 

The new Water ai-t provided for a Hoard of ( 'ommissioners, who supersciled the I'rcsident and 
Dirc-ctor.s of the old organi/alion. ,\ " water loan "" was also ci-eated. The lirst commission created 
under this act consisted of Charles Moore. I'hilemon Dickinson, Daniel Lodor, David S. Anderson, 
Jaenh M. Taylor and .\lherl .1. \\'hittaker. JCnahling legislation extended the scope of tlie com- 
mission regarding tln-ir power to hori-ow niom-y to extend the ~ystcm. 

The i)Umi)ing station at the foot of Calhoun sti-eet is most com]ilele in its i-haracter, and in the 
increa.se of its facilities has kcjit pace with the dcm.-mds of a growing ]>o|)iila1ion. The int;d<e of 
the works lies southeast of the ahutment of the new Calhoun street hridge, whence tlic water is 
rais(!(l to tile large res<'rvoir on Pennington avenue, 'i'he last two yi'ars have marked tlie ereition 
of a massive sea-wall, fully protecting the property in time of the heaviest fresjicts, whilst (lie 
machinery of the works is of the hest an<l latest design. The huildings are of hrownstonc, orna- 
mental in design, and are a sour(-c of great interest to visitors, who pronoimce them uneijualed as 
illustrations of their type. 



88 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



The Delaware lias ;i;real iir((S|)eeti\H' value as a scuiree of water-su|i[jly fur the cities of our own 
and adjacent States. W'liiU- lielow l^aston ami the conlluence of the Lehiifh there i.s growinj;; con- 
tamination, it will he seen liy the results of a eheniieal analysis that there are at ]>resent no 
eviilcnces of serious [lolhition ahove the city of Ti'enton. From the proportion of forest and tlii' 
popldalion ]>er square mile, there are jrood indications of its litness as a source of su])ply, cspi'cially 
ahove Easton. The portion ahove the Water (lap is not likely to liecome more populous for a lonj; 
series of years, an<l furnish<'s, in all respects, a most dcsii-;dile i;athcrinLr-,Ln'onnd fi.ir ]iul>lic water- 
supjily. Till' rivei' already supplies llli.d.'JC) iidiahitants of New .lersey with pure water, the total 
consmnplion Ix'ini: 17. OKI, KM uallons daily. 

.\t Trenton, the maximum How is estimated at l.-'il 1 culiic feel per second under natural con- 
ditions, hut .">N."! cuhic feet per second is diverted for canal ]jurposes, Icavinj,' H'!! culiic feet jier 
second minimum llow. I'rohahly the i'i\'er docs not fall as low as this oflciier than once in a 
generation. This uivcs (iOl.dOO.OOO irallons daily as the supply without slora.LLc At the last 
monthly llow shown hy the record, the natural llow of the river at Trenton amounts to 880,000,000 
gallons ilaily. 




ViKW (IK I)i;i,,\\vai:k Itn-icii and tuk Flu-mk. 



The W'atei- Ciinunissioners arc Charles 11. Skirm, Lewis I.awton. Duncan Mackenzie, .Toseph 
Stokes. Knheit I'.. lloMiicv and .\. \'. Maiuiini;-. The Secretary and Tica-ui-er is Charles A. Reid. 
The ollicc of the Water lioard is in a small amu'X to the Citv Hall, facini:' lOast State street. 



Tin: I It: ALT II Di'. 



I'AIfrMKNT. 



The present edieieiit Health Department of the city of Tienton i- of no sjioradic growth, hut 
through the various city charters its evolution, slow though sure, may he traced. V>y ordinance of 
17U'.), the Clci-k ol till' Market is instructed to remove " unwholesome provisions'" from the market 
or any other place where they are to he sold, to "keep clean and sweet" the market-house. 
I'lTsons were reipiired to clean the streets of mud and dirt, piling the refuse hetween the gutter and 
the "main | .art of the street," and remove the .suue in forty-eight hours or he lined -SI for every 
twenty-four hours it shall remain over time. In lS-12 we find the Clerk of the .^hu•ket empowered 
with similar duties as in 1799. The citizens in this year were still ohliged to clean the streets. In 



TlIK CITY OF TRENTON. 89 

lS-12 was jiasscd an iinlinaiicc (■(inccriiing nuiwinecs. Penalties wcrr iii]|"isc(l t'(ir cxiiDsiiif; dead 
carcasses or liltli, iipdii can less Imlclicrs, s(.)ai) lioilcrs, tallow chandlci-s, d .•iiiinlila: A pcnaltv was 
laid Inr dra,;:uiii,':' raw liiili's almii,' tlie imvcincnt. Porscms alTcctcd with the siuall-pdx ur (•(.iitai^dous 
diseases, in ls:;i, jiy iirdinaiice were ordered to he removed with -'as nnich care and tenderness as 
may he'' to a jilace remote from the thickly-settled portion of the city. In |s:!7, an ordinance 
conceruini: l.nrial-i^roimds was passed, and, in l.s42, an ordinance relative to preventiiij,' swine and 
,i;dats from I'lniniiiu at lar^c on the streets. 

Tn May. IS-Jii, ,,win,u- to the prevalence of the Asiatic i-liolera, a I'.oard of Health was(r()nstituted. 
1 inler thi< ordinance the honseliolders were recphred to rcinovi' lilth from their premises, to keep 
the drains and Liuttcrs clean. The streets wi're to he examined from time to time hv the Hoard of 
lleahh, and ]ienalties were imposed for depositing;- i;arhaii:e in vacant lots or aloiii: the ,\ssanpiiil< or 
the Delawar.'. 

In the charter of lS(i(; the nsnal powers of the Hoard of Health weiv lod-cd in CiJinmon 
('ouncil. 

]!y virtne of an act of the l.e-islatnre in ISSO, a Hoard of H.-alth was estahlished in 1 S.s-_' which 
wa- in iss; suiierseileil liy the present local lloard of Health. This H>oard consists of seven mem- 
hers. In ISSS a s.aiiitai-y co.li' foi- the city was institnted. The I'.oard has power, thron-li the 
Health Inspectoi-, of pi-ohihitinu tlie sale of adnltei-ated f,,oil ;md diink, delinim; mhs.ances. prevent- 
inu fontauious or infei-tions diseases, re;;idating tlie keepin-- and slanudilei-in,L' of aninjals. of renu- 
latinii' the i-eturns of hiilhs, mai-i-iai:es and deaths, the ilumpinu' of i.'.M-hat:e, eonstructint:, locatiii"- 
ami cleaninL:: ecssjiools and jirivies, comieeting house-drains ami sewers, and protecting the ])ul)lic 
water-su]iply. 

Ti-enton. largely through the eliiciency of hei- lio.nrd of Hi'alth, enjoys an i'Xce|itionally low 
death-i'ate. DisiMses, particail.arly of a contagious or infectious kind, ha\e heen promplh- stamped 
out. and the dangers which other <aties experienced during the typhus, small-pox and diphlhei'ia, 
upideniics (if recent years ha\i' pi'actically h^ft Trenton unscathed. 

The lioard of Health in its pi'csent orgiinization is eomposecl of ( iai'ret 1». W. N'room. I'l-i'sident ; 
'I'homas S. Chandxi's, Ti-easurcr ; W'ni. Cloke, .Secretary; William II. Mickel, Inspector; Harry 
IIutT, Daniel J. Friel, W'illi.-im ( '. .VIIimi, Assistant Insjiectors ; Jos. SchaelTer, i'lumhing lns]>ector; 
Dr. C. P. Britton, Dr. W. M(l). Struhle, William (;|..ke, Dr. Frank \'. Cantwell. \\"illiam (lolding. 
Meets first Tuesday in every month. 

TliENTO.x's P.VKKS. 

Whilst till' pulilic pai-k system of the city of 'IVenton practically connuences with the purchase 
of ( adwaladci' I'ai'k in the year IS.S.S, the theory of a hreathing place foi- Trentonians ma v he traeeil 
to li'gislativc action (jf foi'ly years since. I'poii l'"ehruary ISth, ps.'ii;, an act was passed authorizing 
the city to jFuri'liasc lands foi- a puMic s(|uare, for which purpose they were aulliori/.ed to create a 
loan not exceeding >;.')( I, ( l()(). and to issue honds jiavahlc in twi'Uty years, said honds to hear interest 
at six per cent, per annum, and to he exempt from city tax and not to he sold at less than their 
par value. 

.\o move was e\-er made under this partii-ular legislation, and the matter was allowed to drop 
until the pojiular agitation from ISSO-SS caused municipal action, with the present very henefieial 
results. 

In ISSS. the cits- of Trenton pui-chased of (leorge W. Fa rice a tract of land eoiitaining alxiut 
eighty acres, for which the sum of ^oO^OOU was paid. At tiu' same time, (lie .McCall-Caclwalader 
traet of eight acres was hought for .S^.tiOfl, as well as anotlier ])ieee of |)roperty of two acres of the 
est.atc of Thomas Cadwalader. A ])iece of tlie Atterliury jiroperty, enihraeing six acres, was jiur- 
ehased for Sl(),"2()-'). These lands, now laid out, enihellished and pro|ierly maintained, Jiave hceoine 
('a<lwalader Pai'k and Kiver Drive of the city of Trenton. 

t'adwalader Park lies partially in the city of Trenton, hut mainly in the township of living. 
The estate, which surrounds a spacious mansion, lies ahoiit one ami one-fom-tii miles from the City 
Hall. Tlie [iroperty, well enforested, with wide drive.s and commanding views of the Delaware, 
is called Cadwalader Park in honor of the Chief liurgess under Trenton's ])re-Uevolutionary charter. 
Dming recent years uotuhh; iniprovenicnts have heen made in the erection of hridge.s, in grading 
.M 



90 



THE CITY C)F TRENTON. 



the hillsides ami pvnvidiiif; ])rnj)er a|)i)riiaehes. In suniiner, a re<fiiiiental liaml furnishes music. 
A niarhle statue of (ieorj;e W'asliiiitrton, of heroic size, overlooks the Delaware. 

Monument Park lies at the Kase of the shaft e()nnnenioratini: the hattle of Trenton, ft is 
practieallv a small s(|uare, ami has its walks leadini:- to tlu' nioinnnent. it was imrchaseil in is'.i-'l. 

Hroail Street or Siirim; 




-■■^^li 







Lake I'ark is in Hamilton 
lounslii|i. Here a liijih hluiV 
overlooks the meadow lands 
ill wliieh the streams feed- 
•wii Cross wicks creek rise. 
I ]ion the jiroperties adjacent 
wei'i' laid the scenes of those 
stmlies ill natural history 
wliieli hax'e t;i\i'ii Dr. Charles 
( '. .\Miiitt an international 
r e |j u t a t ion. The ]ilace is 
I'anioiH for its pastoral sci'ii- 
er\- ;iii(l \\:i>. ill till- earU' part 
of tile |ii(seiit century, a resort 
of l'>oiia|iai'te. the scientist, and 
otllel- distintiUislled men. 

Tile lioroivjii of Cliam- 
lierslinr:^'. in .\|iril. 1 SSS, a 
month liefore like ai-tion was 
taken hy Trenton, jnirchascd 
for 813.000 a s<|uare for a 
iiidilic park. The park is lioinided iiy luiiorv avenue. Division street. Morris avenue and Cliestnut 
avenue, and uiion the consolidation of Cliamliei-liinv ami Trenton, heeame tlie Tenth Ward or 
Rochling Park. This s([nare is graded, sodded, covered with trees and is one of the city's most 
useful l)reathin!r places. 

The orpnii/ation c)f the jircsent I'ark Commission includes .Tolin J. Clcary, President ; Charles 
J. Wocrina-, Henry F. Smitli, W. Holt .Vp.iiar, .hmathan ('o.\on. Charles W. Bergen, Clerk; John 
II. Mitcliell, Superintendent. Meet first Monday in every month. 




SrKNK IN " I'. KMATi 8Tin:KT" e\E:l<. 



r>ofl.K.VAl!I)S. 

An effort is heing made to scctire the land along the river to iiii|irove it for the ]ileasure and 
health of Trentonians. The city already owns two-lliirds of a mile aliove the waterworks, and 
ahout 8, OCX) feet more is needed to complete the line down to the State Caiiitol. Some of the 
]>r()i)erty is held in trust hy Hoard of Trade memhers for this very pur[)os(>. Not only woulil it 
furnish a heantiful drive and foot-jiath, hut it would also give the city ahsolute control of that part 
of the river wdiich lies near the inlet of the city watcr-sujiply. In South Trenton therc^ is a similar 
stri]> along the Delaware, with the advantages of a high lilulT and even hetter views. It is ahout 
4,600 feet long. 

Otiiici; P.vitics. 

The spacious grounds around tlie State Ca]iitol, Xoniial and Model Schools. Deaf-Mute School 
and Insane Asylum, are laid <iul in exct'llcnt taste, and, while l^elonging to the State, are much 
enjoyed hy Trentonians. 



Si:wi^iis .VXD Dii.viNs. 

Although under and hy virtue of the city charter of 18(i() Common Council was authorized to 
construct sewers or drains, nothing seems to have heeii done to even instittite a small portion of a 
general plan of city sewers until 1876, when the Cliuttm avenue sewer, from Model avenue to the 



■IIIK CITY OF TKKXTON. 



91 



Assan])iuk, was ;uitli(iriz.,I l.y nnliiianc,.. As rarly as iMill lli,- ,-it y ]M-niiiU(d tlic Imililin;: nf a sewcr 
from \hv pris,ai t.. thr Drlauaiv. Al.,.ut thr year In?.') a Wanvii street sewer, IVom tlie Delaware 
and liaritan canal tc, the Assanpink ereek. was autlidri/.ed. The ,<renenil <lrainin.i.' into I'etly's run 
also eoiniueneed at thi> period, when the sewers on Fountain avenue, ..n W'illuw and West Hanover 
streets, on T'ennin-lon avi'iuw, Sprin- strei't and the .\nieri,;ni ll<.ii-e diain wen- authorized. 

These special diains, all ruiuiin- int<. an .,pen slivaui a! >t d.void ,,|- water, caused the passa.L'e of 

auordinanc,. in ISSd to , •instruct a s,wer on l'etly'< run. Since this time th.' work of huildiu- 
sewers an. I drain> ha> pro-ivsse,l with -real rapidity. .\s eai'ly as 1 S-lS an ordinance was passed 
pn.vi.lin- for the openin- and cli'arin- <iuf .if Felly's run. Th.' e.,nimittee appointed for this 
purjiosc w,Tc William ('. Hi-anin, William I'.osw,]! and .\ainn 11. \'aii (lev. Tlii> was ],rohahlv 
tlie hcLiimiiiiu of municipal action upon this siihjcct. 

'Irentou, in her i;cneia] s.'Wi'rap' sy>tcni, took advantat^e of tlie act of .Marcli Sth, 1S.S2, which 
authoriz<'d cities to construct scwei-s nnd drains, and hy oi-diiian.'c adopted the jil.an laid chiwn hv 
Itndolph Ilcrin,;^-, the celehralc.l >anitary expert. 'I'his selllcd, jur ihe pn-Miil al least, the cutiiv 
i|Ucstioii. Ihe whole prohlcui tunieil upon I'ctly's run. which was ciici' a private w.iti'rwav nf 




UrsTtc SrjsNKin Al.u.Ni; 'imik ri:<.iMM:ii Itt.i r.KVAltt). 



small iliminsions, I ml which nave Trenton no end of IimuIiIc and ex|iense. .\t one lime the stream 
which haij two lu-anilics, was cut in Iwo I ly the fccdir of ihe i)elaware and Itaritan canal. '{"lie 
How of water not liciiiL: >unicicnt lo cari'y away the scwaiie. the sireain hei-aiiK' a menace to puMie 
liealtli. l''or years allcinpts wi'i'c made to <'oustruct wooilcii trunks, which soon de<-aved and 
liecamc filled with stones .and refuse. i'lveii as late as IS.s.") there was a well-delincd current of 
opposition lo .1 iiciieral sewcratic syslem fur 'i'renloii. iliil the successful manner in whicli the 
I'etty's run diiruailty was met solved the ciilire ipiestion, ami the proj;ress made in sewer-huildin^r 
duriufi the last decade aiiipl\' rewards p.asi delavs. 

Trenton pays for hia- sewers l)y issuiuir temporary im]irovement certilienles. (he nionevs for the 
redciu[itioii of whicIi are raised hy houd issues. 

In isx'.i Mr. Ilcriiii.' also |]reseiited a repml n]jon a sewerajre system for old Chamhershurir. 
In fjeneral, it may he said of the city plan that it ]irovides for the drainajie of lowlands and for 
sanitary relief, and is very comprehensive. The system ]irovides fur extension into new territory 
so soon as ])uhlic necessity shall rccpiire, the waste heinj: eoincyed hy a main sewer to tide-water 
at a 2'<>int south of iiivcrview Ciinetery. The jreolofrie conditions of tlie city have reixlered tiie 



92 TllK CITY OF TKKN TON. 

buildiii}; of sewor*^ north of the Assanpink creek a work of much (HHiculty. Granitic ami schistic 
rocks liave iiiii)e(lc(l excavation, wliero'as the deep (h'ift in C'han)l)ersburij lias greatly simiilified the 
prolileni in that jxirtion of the town. From the fact that there are in Trenton no less than one 
hundred hridires, crossinj: the Assanpink, the canal, feeder, water power, Petty"s run and smaller 
waterwavs, natural and artilicial, it will lie seen that sewer extension is, fmm iliis Fact alone, a ta.sk 
of no small imi>ortance. The work has heen done with great care, having due regard to the 
future growth of the city, as well as the ahility of taxpayers of the present to meet the obligations 
of the city. 

When coniplett'd, Trenton, in spite of gcologir difliiulties. will have one i>f the best sewer 
systems in the Eastern States. 

Tni: lv\( isK |)i:i'Ai{T.MK.vT. 

Under the first city charter (17!)2~), the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen and assistants, ura majority 
of them in Connnon Council, had tlie exrlusive right of licensing tavt-rns in the same maimer as tiic 
licenses were granted liy the Cuurts ol' (^iiai'tcr Sessions of tiie Peace. I'ndei- llie charter of 1S.'!7, 
the Citv Court of (Juarter Sessi<ins, then organized, assumed the puwer of granting Hcenses, which 
iiower, in 1S|(), when the com1 was alioiislied, was loclged in the Mayoi'. Aldermen .and Recorder 
of the citv. In lN-">'2 an ordinance was |iasscd which provided that spii'its were not to bi' t.akcn 
from the premises of tiu' innholder. The system of licenses liy Council was ciintinued by the 
charter of 1S74. In 1SS| the act of the Legislature led to the pei'niaueiit est.alilisiinient of thi' 
iiresent excise ileparlmcnt. which was cri'atci! by ordinanc'c in 1SS7. Tlie lioard is composed of 
live members, wiio -avc ri'jiresentcd by the License in>pectoi-. who is re(iuircii to obsei've and repoi'l 
upon all violations of the lii|Uoi- laws. 

Tile citv has now aliout three hundred ami lil'ly saloons regularly licenseil. and llic city ordi- 
nances are, as a rule, bi'tter kept than in other cities of like size. 

The lioard of l-'xcisc is composed of .hicob lilaiitb. I'ri'siiieiit ; .lolin ISailow. .loscph 1 lagLicrty, 
Joiiii T. Moore, David '!'. Wittenborn ; Jolm A. Smith, In-pector; C. ICdward Murray, Clerk. 



I'j.i'.crmc LiiiHTi.Ni; and rrs IIistokv. 

Trenton has the rejiutation of being a particularly well-lighted city. Concerning the coiigeste<l 
<listricts, it is of interest to know that the ojierations of the criminal class have been niiicli restricted 
bv the means of electric illmnination, the lights pro\ing a \aluab|e ally to the ]io|ice force. Tliere 
are upon the municijial circuit about two lnnidreil and li ft y st rcct arc lights, divided into seven 
circuits, and in the borough of Wilbur there are fifteen lights. These arc all of twd thousand candle 
power. The city of Trenton uses no incandescent lights except in the City Hall anil in the clock 
tower of Saint Mary's Cathedral. These lights average sixteen candle |Miwcr. Trenton docs not 
own an electric light jilant but has a eoiitraet with the Trenton Light and I'ower Com])any, whose 
plant is located at li) Chauncey street, on the line of the llclvidere dixision of the Pennsylvania 
railrfiad. 

Electric lighting in this city had its origin in ISS.",, when the Mercer and P.urlington Electric 
Light ('oni]iany was incoriiorated. Although eomimsed of active business nun, this organization 
had no vitality. Thence dcvelojied the Peo]ile's Electric Light Com])any, which dates its existence 
from 1.S85. I'liou January I'JtIi of that year a score of arc lights were introduced, a single dynamo, 

located in Cubberly it Kafer"s sliii|i, sujiplying the '• eurieiit." .\ |iower-liouse was s i erected on 

Assanpink creek, at the foot of .lacksou street. In the fall of IN^^Ii the incandescent system was 
installed. The jxiwer-house for the latter scheme of lighting was located in the center of the block 
bounded l>y State, Broad, Warren and Front streets. In IS'.H the ciim|iany moved toils ]iresent 
location, and one year later, on re-organization, the Trenton Light and Power Company came into 
being. As its name indicates, this corporation supplies arc and incandescent lights for pulilic and 
private use, as well as furnishing electricity for motors. The well-eiiui])|ied ]ilant, one of the finest 
of its type in the I'nited States, gives i)ernianent emiiloymcnt to thirty men. Its ollicers are : 
Ja)ues Mo.ses, President; Frank A. ^lagowan, Vice President : William I'.. Allen, Tieasmer, and 
Josepli T. Ridgway, Second Vice President and (icnera! Manager. 



CHAPTi:U X\I. 



■(»i,i(K iiKi'Airr.MKN'r. 



Its Kaim.^ ()i,'(. amz atkix am> ( ; imw ni — 'riii': 1'i:i:<knt 1 )i:vi;i.(ir\iK\ r — Tino I'i.'Kc iM r Statki.ns 
Tin: 1'i;i;si;n'i- ('(im\iis~ii.m;i;~ wh Sri':;i:iiii; ( )iii( i:i;s oi' tiik 1 )i:i'ai; r\ii;.\i'. 

^ ' ''"'"^'^^^^ UK l'( »l,l('l': I )i I Kill III ml i.r 'I'lvnlnii 11 III V Ix Irncr.l In very |iriiiiilivc yrl .•iri-li.cnilic 

... ,_! ^ (iiiL:in. Kv ui(liii:iini' nf .M;iicli. IT'.t'.l. tlirt'ily Mai-sli:il was iiivr^t,-il with all tlic 

"Xlf^'ilR 'ill L li"\vrr aii.l nnlli.H-ily nl' a i-nmily ^hi-i-iir. ami when iv,|uiiv.l l.y ( ■niiiinnii Cniincil 

V-^iCJ \ ■'shall ran-v in his liaii.l a ^inall stalT or waii'l. similar 1<i lliuM' usually carrinl 

Ie'^^^ ''>■ sh.a-ilTs."' AuiuU.l;- the Marshal's duly wa- h. walk ihniu-h ihc ililTciviit pai-ls 

t \fp>J'^!^ ,,f \]u- rhv (il Inisl niirr ,1 //v, /,-. huiitiii- ha' i'lh' aial .li-( av h riy |i.i-siiU>. Ih' was 




v^y(^=^^ iustnirtcci \n rlifi.ivr llir la WS a lid ( m 1 i I la I irrs rrlat i Vr t( i 1 1 H' | ilvvrlU ii ai . ,f s wi lir 

^(D S ^ vuiiiiinii at hv^r. as well as to '/wv unticc t.. the Slivct (' iiiis-i.iiicis nt' all 

Q) uuir-aiHcs anil ..h^tnu-tic.ns. In his ciaistahulai- caiia.ily the .Marshal was laititli'il 

t(i It-al fees, l.ut If (ifirin \\v n 'i -ci vc( 1 thr In uiii licriil salary nl' S20. 
As late as Api-il. l"^'''''. Tnntiai wa> uiiaidcl hv a City Mar-hal and ( mc watchman I'mm each 
„;u-d— >ix |MM.|ilc in all. 'I'liry wnc wst.d with llir u-ual .-niiMal .ulary |iuw.i-s. amnn;,' otlua- 
mattia-s tu liuht and ,\liii,i:ui.di ih.' city lami-^. The |inlicc were sul..)cct tn the order ,.t' the .Mayor, 
wh.i was a I'olicc .justice. The Mayor receiv.d a ^alary of ><o()(), the Mar-hal a like sum and the 
walchmcn sK"!. I'.v slow de-n cs. addiu- ii. w im n and Kroadcnin:.: tli.' |ilaii and si-o|ic oi' the 
l„,lj,.,. ,l,.|„rtin.ait, slowly divorcin- the a|.|.oiiituicnt> troiii iiolitical ,-on<id,a-ations. iIm^ sy>tein has 
r,.ached its |.n-cut devcloiinaait. The next few yeai> will see Lireat and necessary chan,-cs, which, 
as in the |i:i^t, will i-oiitrilmte to the i:i>od of the |iulili>'. 

The I'olic- Dciiartnieiit ol' the city of Trenton in 1 S'.l.-, .-onsists of a well-oruani/ed and iiarticu- 
larly-eirKi.iil hod v of sevenlv-scveii men. i-oiisistiii.L' nf one Chid', two ('a|ilains. six S.-r-cants. two 
<i,.tcctives, three roimdMiien. oiie,-liauecmaii. imv I'.ilicc Sui-eou. one Kl.vtrician. tw.. |.atn,l .havers 
aiidt\vo.lanitor<. There aiv lil'tv-six patrolmeu. The de|,artm.ut was cstahlish.-d ii|ion it- i.resci.t 
ha<is under an act ol' the 1,,-islalure pa-ed in iss:,, which had for its oh.icl the ivnmval of the 
,,„li,.,. department. o|' New .Icr.cv citie- from political control, provided the cities accepted the 
provisions ol' th.. a.-t. Trenton accepted the-e provisions. A hi-parti>au hoard ot tour I'ohcc 
Commissioners, having' hcai .-clc.-tcd hy the Mayor, is conlirmcd or rc.icctcd hy C,ty Councl. 1 he 
Commissioners ai.p.mit a clerk. Thcv also appoint and dischai-c all mcmhcrs ot the loivc '"xs 

mav appear hest I'or the puhli.- interest in sii,-h d,r^"-tiiMa,t." They als akc l.v-laws. rules and 

regulations for the govcnmieiil of the r.oard. and " lix and r.-„late the compcnsatmu ol all olhcr.s, 

servants and eni|il(ives." ,• • • f 

The rule. I'or the Government ol' the dep.irtmcnt arc thorou.-h aii.l cxi-heit. (iualili.-ations tor 
admis.-i.in lo the force aiv hased upon hci-h(. whic], is not to he less than live feel seven inches ; 
wei-dit one hundred and liftv to two huii.hvd pounds; l.rea.st niea.sure of not le.<s than thirty-live 
inches • a.'... from twcntv-oiu- to I'ortv vcars ; ahility to rca.l and write the KiiLdish laiiiiuage ; 1.. 
have been a citi/en of the Cnit.d States at least two years and a resi.leiif ..I TrelUun t..r hvc years ; 



'.)-J 



nil'; CITY OF Ti;i:xTON'. 



never to liavc liccn convicted of crime; in ntlier words, to i>i' in .sjcood iio(lily ;ind iiieulal liealtli. 
The a|)]ilicant for the force must ])rescnt a petition certifyinj; to liis moi-al qualities and Ills residence 
in thi' city, wliich ])etition is to be sifrned by two rci)Utable citizens. 

'J'lic niendiers of the force rank as follows : Chief, the Ca])tains according: to a|i)iointnients, tlie 
Sergeants as in the case of Cajitains. ])atrolnien, chancenien. 

The Chief has practical control of the department : in fact, is the personal representative of the 
Connnissioners. Jle divides the <-ity into '■beats." details the men for duty anil direris the route 
to be taken by the jiatrolman in lioiuL' to ami retui-niiii;- fr<iiii his beat. The Chief holds the rifjht 
of suspendinji, for any time not c.xcci'dint: ten days, any member of the department, nportinjr the 
same to the Board of Comnnssioners. lie also makes a detaileil iniarterly report of the liap|ienin<rs 
in the de])artment, which report is sent to the Commissioners. Jn his custody are the record-books 
of the ollice, whi<'h consist of a "" l'^ir<'e Jlook,"" a pi'actieal. jiersonal history of every member of 
the force; a "Com|ilaint liook," wJK'rein ai-e I'eeorded vi<ilalions of the law, when such violations 
arc the subject of comiilnint by citizens ; a ■■Time I'.ook," u-ed in niakim: U]i the pay-i-oll : '■'{"lie 
Record of .\rrests," containiiiir alphabetically the names of those arrested and sentence of the court ; 
a " Lo<ltrers' Hciiister : "" an "(Jnlinancc I'liuk." cuntaininii the names of all |iersons arrested 
for violating citv ordinances ; a '•Propeily Accoinit book." containing; a ilcsiription nf all property 
comiim into the hands of the police ; a " M issim; Property liook " and an " < )rdci- liook." in which 
arc' enti'rcil orders and rules issued by the Connnissioners. 

The Captains an^ assii>'ned tours of dntv b\- the Chief. They ha\-c the chai't:e and inspection 
of station-houses, of the prisoners, anil aic held responsible fm- the cleaidincss and udod ordi-r of the 
station-houses. The Captains call the roll and examine the bluttcr, addinu' thereto all iieci'ssary 
information. 

Tlu' Sergeants inspei't the men before I'oll-call. cori'cctinL: iicLilcct or deliciency in the di'css of 
the men. Thev are. in fact. snb-( 'aptains, assnmim; the dnties of the latter when ab-ent. The 
Sergeants have general chai'gc of patiolmcn when on ■'beat" and ai'c responsible fm- the general 
Uood order and discipline of the force. 

Rcirarding the patrolman, the |ire\i'ntion of ci-imc is the most important obiect which he should 
have in view. lie must make himself ac(|Uainteil, in a minute ni.anncr, with e\ci'y pai't of his 
beat, watch |icople who arc suspii-ious, and places wlici-c the law is being \iolated. and by his 
viiiilance jircvcnt assaidls. breaches of the peace and all other crimes about to be conniiitted. 
Arrests ai'e to be made as easilv and iplictK' as possible and witliont undue force. The baton is to 
be emploved only in the most urgent cases of scU'-defensc. lie is also rciplired to report (ires, 
direct strangers, i-cturn lost childi-en to their pai'ciits oi- to the station-housc. arrest begi;ars, give aid 
tu the injured, and facilitate b\' propel' means the taking of a declaration by anyone dying in con- 
scipience of injuries by \iolence. lie is also insti'Uctcd to watch suspicted persons and ]il:iccs, note 
obstructions and perform other like ibities. I'alrolnicn ai-c also liable to special service. Chance- 
men follow the sanie i-cgidatious as the patrolmen. 

The full dress of the Chief and Ca]itains is of blue 15urlington jiolice cloth, double-breasted 
frock coat, with ]ilain trousers. rpon the cap is a designation of raid<. The ]iati-olmen wear 
single-breasted frock coats. ' The summer unit'orm consists of blue llannel sack coat and 
trousers, niendiers serving live years on the force ai'c entitled to a "service chevron" of gold 
liraid, to coitsist of one liar on the fi'ont of the sleeve. f^ciy additional live years entitles the 
wearer to an e.xtra bar. Shields are worn without chains, 

Tlic men fornnng the Trenton police fm-ce are di-illed in the school of the soldii'r. with baton 
exercise: total abstinence fi-om lii|Uoi- and tobacco whilst on ibity is rei|uii'eil. noi- is any member 
of the force allowed to belong to any lii-c or military coni|iany. nor is he permitted to be a dclegato 
to anv political convention iionnuatiug a candidate for ollice. 

The city of Trenton is divided into two pi'eciiicts. w ith two station-houses. The I'irst or Central 
precinct is the building formerly known as l'"i-eese market, the Sci-ond oi- Chambersburg ])recinel is 
the ol<l " Boro\igh Hair' on Hroad street. 

Both station-houses are aflnnrably-condueted institutions. The Central station is located upon 
Chancery street ujuju the corner of a small way, which is practically the eastern extension of Quarry 

alley. Tlie interior arrangement is exci'llcnt. .\ large, well-lighted r n contains the desks used 

by the Sergeants and Captains, and in connection therewith is the aiiartment a.s.sigiicd to thu 



THK CITY OF TRENTON. 



05 



Cliii'f. Ailjiiiniiiii tlir main nicnii is the ]iali-iilincirs r ii, tlic walin of \vliir]i arc lined ^\iili 

li)ckcrs. ('(lUi't is Ill-Ill in a \vi li-vcntilati'il apartnirnt wliicli aijjciins tiu' s|iarc ilcvntrd U> tlic crlis. 
Other niiiMIs are e-|ie(ially litteil fur tlie aee(innni>ilatiiin uf the i'uhee .lustiee. (h'teetives and tile 
stiirini; (if reem-ds. and llie ■ ' i!iit;nes' (laHerv." I'lKin tlie seeund Ijiiipi-a lai'LTe liall is Ilie <i\'iiinasiinii 
and (hill-iuuni uf tlie fm-ee. w liilst tlie Ci iiiiinissiuiii Ts and llieir ( 'lerk have handsnnie (|Uarter.s. 

Ill tlie Seecmd [ireeinet statiiill a smaller, luit llulle the less r(ill\-enient, s\'steni is in nsi\ liutll 
statiiin-lmnses are eleetrirally liLihted, warmed li\- steam and have la\aliirii>. The eells are in 
exeellent order. Speeial systems of eomminheation lietweeii the |patiolnieii wliil-t on diitv' and the 
pi'eeinct Captains are employed. ll is in fait a method of teleiiiaphy w heiehy the man on diltv ean 
aihise Ids superior olliier a.^ to hir. nio\ cnifiHs on the heal, ean call the patrol oi' aid and can rini; 
all alarm of lire. 

In her police dcp.irtniciit and st.itioii-lioiises. w ith the eHicicncy of men and the eare of hiiild- 
iii,i;s. Trenton has opeeial reason to he inoud of her poliie. When it is taken into eonsideratioii 
that dnriiiL;' the entire \e;ir onl\' two tlioii>aiiil three himdi-ed arrests are made, the ellieieiiev of the 
di'jiartnieiit is shown in a \ei'\' apt manner. Ti'eiiton has :i lietero;;cneiins popnlation. lies helwcen 
riiiladelphia and .\ew \'ork, and, heini: in a neutral Stale, eonid easily heeonie the harhor of the 
more e.xpert men and women of the rriminal elas^. In ^pite of this, il is a noleworthy fael that in 
Trenton not a >iiiL:le noted rriminal roide,^. .\ii eneri;etie puliey has eleared the eitv of nearU 
everv ineliaee to pi-aee and l;ooi| order. .\ <rore of years >inee, several •'LiMniiS,"' sneh as infested 
the " Ivist side " of \ew ^'ork and the " .Xeek " in I 'hi la del pi lia. \\ei-e a eonslaiit souree of annov- 
ani-e to the eitv. These assoeiatii His have lieen neail\- eiailieated. Certain resorts, sneh as the 
'■ Lava l>eds, " some of the small haek streets in Chamheislinru and M illhani, are now eiitirel v free 
from distnrhanee. •• The Swamp." with its "rmwery," alone remains as a inonnnient to old days 
in Trenton. To the eneri;v of the poliee department indit iiiiist he viiven for >iieli a neord in 
miniicipal reform. 

The Police Commissiniicrs are W. J. Convcry, President; Cliarles T. Kitsmi, II. C. Coleman. 
John K. .\shton ; liiehard Lntes, Clerk. .Meet seeond and last Wednesday of each nionih. The 
Chief of the dc-partment is Charles JI. .Me('lie>nev; Captains, .lohn .1. Clearv and William llai't- 
nian ; Serjeants, Andrew Sweeney, Frank \'aii lioin, Miehael .Me<lo\\nii. I'"irst di^triet; William 
]»ettinar, .hidson Hiner, William .\leiitt. Second district. In the l''irst prcciiicl the Police .liisticc is 
Louis Cotlticr ; in the Second, William .1. Crosslcy. 



Pj 



-^^^HS^r^^ 



CIIAlTKi: x\\\. 



KDICATION IN" TIIKNTdX. 



{'ul.iiNIAI. Im--1.IKX<-I:s TlIK SclllKll. AMI Till: I, (I Til ■.:,■¥ A Cnl.iiNIA:. Ll|•,l;AI,■^ 'rilllNlnN AM) 

iiKK 1''kkI'; Scikkii.s, is;j;; ■m ]S',).") — 'rm: 'l"i:i:.\iiiN Ai \iii:my — Irs Okc^a.m/.atkin and 
IIisTdKV, 17>*l 'III l>is;! — Till.; Iv\i;i,v l.ir.i: \iMi;s ami 'iiii'. I'"i;i;i': School Mox'kmic.nt — 

SkIC'RIIICS tiF Till-; .Most I'Uo.MI.NKNT JmUCAI'Io.NAI. J.NSTni'llo.NS |!l SIMOSS Coi>LE(.;ics. 

i^A>^5^ 1 1 1'] S'l'IiOXfi I'rrsliytci'iaii inlliniici's wliidi IkuI such ;iii I'fTcct ii|"iii llic Lrencsis of 
\\ I'lt'iituii. iiiiitcil the clmnli mill the sclidiil-hnusc \iiiilci' mic t;o\i'i'iiincnt. Minis- 
ter, iir liiiiiiiiii'. anil Mlmulniaster wei-e intei'chaniicalili' terms. The chartei'in;: uf 
the CuIIcl;'!' of New .ler-iA" I I'rincetiin I ni\ iisit\ i. in I7K'). niarkt'il a new era in 
^ir '-•'^"''^^ intellectual lii'e in New .lersi\-. '['he renmval ni' the inlleLre from the care of the 
W^-^.^V' I'*'^'- -^amn Ihii'i'. in his classical m'IiooI at Ne\vai-k. in i'l-ineeton, aluuit 'oo, u'avcan 
jiav^^ imiietus t" eiUicalion in all the near-hy towns. The l!ev. Haviil Cowcll, 
{c\ H. c) pastoi' iif the I'^irst I'rcshyterian Chui-ch nf Ti-eiiton. was one of the Trustees of 
q) the ( 'ollejrc iif New -Icrsiv, and had esta hlisheil, in all |irolialiility. a sclmul unijei- 

the cliai'iic of his c(inL;reL;ation. In these eai'lv ila\'s. a teacher reecivcil C'Jo ami 
liiianlinii: per annmn. 

That tuuehstiine of all colunial entei'|iriscs which (le|icnilei| ii{ion |iii|iular su|i|iort — a lutlcry — 
was to lie tried in aid of educatinn in Treiitun. An aiheitisemenl in the l'liilailel|ihia |i.a|iei-s nf 
May, 17-')'!, thus leads : 

"We. whose names are hci'iunto suhserihed. sons of some nf the |p|'iiiei|ial familii's in and 
ahout Trenton, heim: in smne mcasui'e sensihle of the adxantaizes of leai'nini;-. anil ilesii-ous that 
IIkisc who arc de|Ji'i\ ed nf it thriiUL:h the |H.\ii-tyof their |iarents. miL:lit taste the sweetness of it 
with ourselves, can think nf no hcttci' or other niethnd fur that |iur|iiise, than the t'ollnwiuL: scheme 
of a Dilmnirr-Jsliiiul /.altcri/. for raisinjr ■J'Jo pieces of eiuht [S|iaiiish dullars] towards huildiiiix a 
house to accoiiimoilate an Knttlish and i!ramniar .school, and |i,iyinL:' a master to teach such childi'en 
whose parents are unahle to ]iay for schoolinii. It is prupused ih.it the Icnise he thii'ty feet Ioiil', 
twenty feet wide, and one story liijih, and huilt on the south-east corner of the uieetin,i.'-lHHise yard 
in Trenton, under the direction of Messieurs l^cnjamin Yard. .Mexander ( 'hanihers, and .Tolm 
Chanihers, all uf Trentun afoi-esaid. * * '■'■• The manatrers are Jicynald IIuopc>r, yon of IJohert 
Lettis Hooper, J'>i|. ; Joseph Wavrell, Junior, son of Jose]ih Wan-ell. l''si|.; Joseph Reed. Junior, 
son of Andrew Heed, I'^sip; Theo|ihilus Sevia'iis, Junior, siai nf Theophilus Sevcrns, JCsi|. ; John 
Allen, Junior, son of John Allen, Ksip; William I'axtun, son of Jn-eph I'axton, Ksi|., deceased; 
and John Cleayton, son of William t'leayton, Esq." 

The (Irawinji was to take pla<'e June 11th, '"on Fish Island in the rivei- Pelaware. opposite to 
the town of Trenton, and the money raised hy this lottia-y shall he paid into the hands of jSIooro 
Furman, of Trenton, who is under liond for the faithfid laying out the money for the uses ahovo. 
^" '■" '•" And we the ]\rana<;ers as,sure the ad\tiiturers upon our honor, that this scheme iji all its 
parts shall he as punctually ohserved as if we were undia- the formalities used in lotteries; and \vu 



THE CITY OF Ti;i:\T()X. 



97 



llattiT iiursclvrs, till' pulilic, (■(insiilcriiiL' ciur lamlalili' (lcsii;ii, (]ura,;:c, and (Jiir iiiiiurcucr. will uiv(. 
crrdil tti this (lur ]iiililic (li'daration." After tlu.' drawiii.u- "f tlic lottery, then' is little cloulit 
Imt that the hiiiMiiii:- was erected iiiiiiiediately afterward on the spot indieati'd. The niimites of 
the Trustees (if the First l're^hyteriall Cliiiivh nviml that in \7ti'> A lexander ( 'handlers and I'.i'HJa- 
niill Yard were elected liy the euntirejiation •' Directors of the School- 1 loUsc. ' ' hi a leasi' of ISIKI 
to the ■■Ti-enton Acadi'iny," the premises are deserilied as "a certain hrick Imildinii-. which was 
erected on the lot lielon.iiin-^ to the trustees of the said chuivh for ih- purpose of a sehoohhouse." 
The lessees added a stol-y to the liuildin;:, and it coiuiinicd to he used foi- school and chnivh pur- 
|ioses until it was renio\((l upon tin' erection of the proent chnich. 

In eoiniection with this school, an attempt was made to cstahlish a lihrar\' in Trenton. This is 
shown from the fact that upon the twentieth day of .March, in the year IT'n'. (Hi\-ei-nor liclcher wrote 
from l']lizalietlito\\ii to William .Moriis in i-cfcrcnce to a lihraiy in Tivuton. It seems that .Mr. 
.Morris addressed a letter to His Fxcellency in rcfcri'nce to this pinjeet, w hiili iloeuinent is proh.-dilv 
lost. The (lovcrnor ri'plied, in p.ii-t, " ^'o\i may depend I shall al\\ny> he williuL: to do evervtliinij 
|iropcr on my p.-u-t fm' promotiuL; and stnni;thcninLi any scheme that ma\' ha\e a tcndenev to propa- 
gate iV advance I!elii;ion and I.carninu- which will he of so ureat advaiitii-jv to the pi-csent and future 
generations." 

The de\'clopnient of education durini;' the 
latter jiart of thecolonial pci-iod and through- 
olit the Kcvolutiou w.as, pci'fon-e, slow. 
Thcri' Were attempts dui-ini; the period of the 
( 'onfeileration to found pri\ate schools, which 
plan was inatci-ially aided from the fact that 
Philadelphia — the givat intellectual ccntci' of 
the times — was near hy. In the eai'ly jiait 
of tlic present centurw Ti'entou w.as rcnowiicil 
for her |iri\-.atc institutions, to which c.ami-. 
in pai'ticnlai-, the youn;.; ladies of the oldol 
fannlies of .\cw .lerscy, of I'liilailelphi.a and 

.\cw ^'ol'k. The stor\- of the dcNcloplilenl of 
the ///."/,,■„ free sch.iol .-y-tciii of the last half 
cent\ny is thus told hy I'rolVssor I!. ( '. 
( ircgorN' : 

''Trenton has the Imnoi' of li.aviuL: estah- 

lished the lir.st free school in .\"cw .lerscy. .I..-..:,-,, w s,,„„,,. 

.\s earlv as l.So.'l, a school was organi/cd in 

old .Masonic Hall, in l'"i-ont street. In l's."i>!, this school was removed to the oM j.ail Imilding. in 
Acadi'my street, the upper jioiiion heinu' used as a school and the hasiaiient as a jail. The township 
of Nottingham, now a p.art of Ti-cnlon. in Septcinhei-, IS II, opined the school on (.'cntre street, 

near the Fiist Uaptist Church. Tl Id jail was liought. and a High School was organized in tiiis 

huilding in .May, l.'S44, and w'as free only to the indigent \mtil |S|N, when all pupil.s were admitted 
flee of chai-ge. In Marc'll, 1850, 'J'renton was made one school district, and (he election of :l School 
Superintendent and two Trustees provided foi-. 

■•What is now the L'has. Skelton School, in Centre street, was constructed in IMI. and 
was then a huilding two stories high. In the spring of ISI'.i, the trustees eiideavorei! to 
raise a loan of S(),OUO to erect the huilding in .\cadcmy street, hut they wei-e not su<-eessful 
until in I x."i( (. the T.egislatiu'e coming to theii- idicf and authorizing tlu' loan. The huilding was 

erected in ls."iii. and was o|iened on (tctoher 7th. INol. In .May, \X'>'2. owing to insullicii'nt sel I 

I'liom. the Su|ierintenilciit gave ]iermits to ehildi'en to enter private schools at the i-ate of one ilollar 
per pupil. In January, IS.K;, resolutions were introduced hy Mr. .1. S. Yard demanding greater 

school aceoni datioiis. The result was the hegimiing of measiu'es looking to the erection of the 

I>ellevue AveniKr Sc1hk)1, which was com]ileted and entered hy the school eomniitle<> in IS.ii. 
Measures were also taken at the .same time which resulted aflerward in the huilding of the .Market 
Street School, which was opened in TS^St. Two rooms were also added (o the Centre Street School 
building. 
N 




98 



THE CITY OF TKKNTOX. 



" No new seliool luiililini;s were l>uilt after the erection of the Market Street Seliool, in 1^59, 
until tliat of the I'liion Street Seliool, whieh was eouiitleted and ])ut into use l)y the Hoard in 
Januarv, ISIi'.l. Tlie 1 lose Street School followed, whicli was o|jeiicd in .laiiuarv. 1^70. Then came 
the (irant Avenue School, opened in May, 1S72. in Lsyij, a third story was addeil to the structlU'e 
in Academy street. With the exception of t!ie lliirh School, there was then a lull in the erection 
of schoiil-houses until IXSl. when the .'-^ixtli W'ai'il .'-^cIum]! was dedicated, after whic-h the o]icnin,ir 
of new luiildinus went on very rapidly, in ISS'.I, a new style of school architecture was introduced 
with the .Monument School ; since that time every huildinj; that has heen erected has hecn of 
modern type, and all improvements madi' fo old linildin;i:s have liad llie tendency to lirinj; such 
l)Uildinj:s to corresjiond with modern ideas of school construction. Fourteen i)er cent, of the 
rooms now occupied for school ]un'poses have heen huilt within live years. Twenty-five per cent, 
of the room.s in the city are supplic'il with siuiile desks. 

" In 1S',)l'. the Connniltee on (irounds ami IJuilclinjis iletermincd U])on a systematic renovation 
of the schools in the city. School after school was thoroujiidy attended to, and at the conclusion 
of the sunnner vacation of \X'J:', the schools were in excellent eonditi<in. 

'' In passinj; it is to lie remarked to the cri'dit of the teachers that they are urging the a'sthetic 
conception of the children, and in some places the rooms are greatly heautilied liy pictures, llowcrs 
and other means nf di'coi-ation. 

'•In l.S-")'), there wei-e 17 teaehers employed and 012 pu]iils enrolle(l, while there were ."^O 
Availing for admission. In |n"iCi. the ISnard graded the s<hools as follows: I'l'imary, Secondarv, 

( liMminar and II igli ScIuhiI. In April. !>>•")(), 
there wci'e .">.">"i wldte and I'll colored chilih'eu 
attending the puMic selii>ii]> of Trenton. In 
1 S.'il I-.") 1 , (he ainiiinit received h\' ihi- Super- 
intendent as the apjiortioumcnl of the State 
fund to the eily was ^-IXIi.XS. 

•• In ISlil. the lioanl ui Ivhiealiun placed 
the niivthei-n and southern (hvisions of tlie city 
under l\vo sc|iarate I'rinci]ials. the .\ssaii]iink 

el'eek heillg till' lioUlldalV. Ill .llUle, lS(i4, 

the systi'ui of eni]iloyiug two Principals to 
supervise the sclioiils was aliolished, and one 

l'rilieip;il \\;l^ eleeted to ~upervise .all the 

-eh(Hi|> lit the city. .\s the schools niulli- 
plied, this nielhiid was luiind not feasilile. and 
twii I'lineipals wrrr again ap|Hiinted, Inning 
jurisdiction respectively nf the districts imrth 
and south of the Assanjiink creek. AN'lu'U 
the nigh School was erected, the Principal 
of that school had jurisdiction over his own scIkihI. In .May, l.S.SS, when the schools of Chamliers- 
hurg and Millham came under the control of the Ti-ciiton Board of lilducalion, two new school 
districts were added, and over tlic whole s\stcni a Supca'vising Principal was ap|Hiintcil. In .lime. 
ISSS, a committee consisting of Messrs. .lolm A. Cauiphell, F'rank O. Uriggs and Leslie C. Pierson 
was a]ipointt'cl to secur(> a Sujiervising Princijial for the schools of Trenton, and B. ('. Gregory, of 
Newark, was appointed: he entered upon the duties of liis ollicc .luly "_'(Hh. ISS"^. In the same 
month, the Su]iervising Princi])al was asked to sit with the Jioard of Jvlucation. 

" In May, ISS."), a committee was a])])ointed to revise the rules for the government of schools and 
tlie Board. The next month the same committee was ordered to revise the eour.se of study in the 
High School. In 1S,S7, a couunittt'e reported in favor of fri'e school-hooks, and Common Council 
was asked to apjiropriate .S15,0()0. In July, 1.SS7, ^Ir. ]\Iaci)herson, Chairman of the Committee on 
Books and Course; of Study, rc]iorteil that tlu' time li.ad arrived to introduce free text-hooks, which 
re))ort was adojited. In l.S!)3, a new course of study, iirejiared in accordance with the most modern 
ideas of education, was ado])te(I hy the Board and introduced into the schools. 

"The points involved in this course of study are the following : 1. The necessity for adapting 
the course to those who cannot complete it. 2. .\liridgnient in the treatment of the suhjects now 




,1'iiiN A. i: 



Till': (•^l'^■ ov 'I'iji-ixtox. 



99 




'-.':*iu^>j:~i>i 




> B ■ B F 



9 » 



r. S. lii; w 1 S.lf.K.f.. 



on tlie rciursc til make rouiii I'm- ntlii'i- lines uf iiislniclidii. '■). The co-nnlinatiuii nf sluilirs, willia 
view iif iiiiii'c harniiiniuus dcx rlii|)niciit n\' ilic ]iu]iil. -1. (_'i)nsi(lei'atii)ii cjI' llir ncdls rif the |in|iil as 
an in<li\'iiliial ratliti' tlian in tlie mass. o. The rvukinii' of ailvanccil and indrjiciiilciil tliiiikiiiL; (Ui 

tlic part 111' tllr IracllcT. 

"An attcni[)t lias ln-m inadr In rncnnrai;!' IIh' tr:nniii'i df the dli^crvalinn in cvi-rs' diiiartnicnl 

wIk'I'c this is iiiissililc. and. in nrdcr thai the atti'in|it may Kc siicirssrul, siicucr stud\' has liccn 

intriidncrd. 'Hie plan is to ha\c tlii' oliscixa- 

tiiin and study 'licijin diirinL: llic lii-,-t yrar nf 

srliijol with thr simplest and niu-t iiiterestiuL:' 

olijects (if the ehihTs envinimnent and \'ear 

liy year inlviidiiee such ntlier nlijeets (if study 

as the e\-er-\videninL: Imi-i/un and the ^^ruwiiiL;' 

faculties (if the child shad make pdssihle.' 

"In aritlmiel ie ehmiiiatidU is pi'aciiecd 

td sU(di an extent as td lea\c lime cUdU.uh to 

teach what is attempted with thdi'dUii'lnU'SS. 

On the dtliev hand, abjeiira and uedinctrv ai'e 

intvddueeil in the ci^ihth \cai-. An ctTdi't is 

made in the cdi u'se td iiitriKhiee Ilic early de\-el- 

djinient df nmre ad\aiice(| suhjeels. \\hich is 

lidW advdcatcd hy many educatidnal thinkeis. 

Thus, pcrccntaLic and iutci-cst are intrdduced 

in a i-U(liuiciitar\" mamici' \'er\' sunn after fe(l- 

eral nidne\' is tauLiht. The idea df intrdduc- 

ilio- the Mrrnis df all suhjeels early. an(l ailnw Hie cdurse df study In he the (A'dlutidU df these n'crnis 

is: rigidly adhered td. 

"In lan^-uauc, fdruial Lii'aumiai- is suhdi'dinated hut Udt eliminated. In the dis(aissidn df 

fdrinal ni'annuar hdwever, everythinu which is df nd \al\ie Id the child in fdi'miiiL;' a rcasnuahly- 

correcl grammatical style is eliminated. In i-eadiu;j. aftci' the third yeai', lilci-alure is prdjiressively 

suh>tituleil fdr the I'cad i uir-l look, and in tlu^ 
seventh and eii;hth years supplants it altd- 
;^-elhei'. < trai i-cadinn' is suhdrdinated td silent 
readinu. 

" ( icdLiraphy and liistdi-y are cd-(ir(linatc(l 
very carefully. In hdth nf these suhjects the 
tdpical niethdd is cmphasi/.c(l. 

"In |iemnanship an elVorl is made to 
secure mdvemem wiilin;.;. The elVdrt to s(H'Urc' 
a unifdrm st vie of letter is ahanddUed, a i;racc- 
ful. Ilucnt an(l rcail.dilc handw ritini;- heim;' all 
ih.il is rc(|uire(l. In spelliiiL', these errors in 
nietlidds of teachini; are (ipp(ise(l : lirsl, takinir 
the Wdi'ds fi'diii their environnicnl, Ih.-it is 
to sav, IciehiuL' lists of words; second, the 
rapidilv with which the new woi'ds are often 
inli-oduccd. defyini; all |idWer Id assimilate; 
Ihird. Ir\-ini;' to teach the child in scliool all 
llie wol'ils lie is ever iroinjr to use ; fourth, the 
practice of Lnvint; a vocahulary tdo dilii(adt hir the child. A wnrd must liccnme a ]iart of the child's 
vocahularv hefore it is learne(| in a practical sense. 

"The [.inir or Swedish system of jihysical culture is intrdduced. In music Treiildii has made 

a ffl-cat advance; most of the children are readinu' music of ordinary dillicully with cdiisiderahle 

facility. 

"The High School was o|)ened with impressive ccrciiidiiies in Octdher, IST-I. As early as 
ISO'S, Judge William S. Yard, who was then Supcrinleiident, had urged the erection of a High 




11 K W i I I I U ll-\ I ,M. .-•< iloi.l,. 



JOO 



TIIK CITV OF Ti;i:\T()N*. 



Sclioiil as tlu' necosnrv (■(mijilrnunt of our school system, (ircat clianjios have since liceii made in 
tliis school. It formerly iiad a (lci)artment known as Junior Section, which was really a collection 
of j.'rammar school classes. This section has been aholished and the institution ])laced u])on a' 
sound hasis as a High School. A new coiu-sc of study was introduced about a year ajro. The ends 
acconi|iIishcd liy the new course were re-adjustment of the studies, a sulidivision of the curriculum 
into Knirlish, scienlilic and connncrcial courses ; the provision for the teaching": of hijrh school studies 
in accordance witli advanced hicIIkhIs of (eaching ; the enlargement of tiic facilities for teac'hinj; 
drawing- and llie scicntHii- hran<iies ; liic introduction of (icrman, stenogra|ihy and l)Usiness studies. 
.V small huildin;,' has liccn purcliascd In cairy out the jiurjioscs of the Coinmercial Dejiartment. 
The Hoard has |mi-iliased t\|ir\\ ritcis, and tln' work in the steno.iiraiihy and tyjuwritini: depart- 
ments is very |ii'actii"il. 

■■ in the matter of promotion, the lionoi-ary system lias been introduced. l>y tin- o]ic'ration of 
this system every pu]iil who, thnniLihniit the year, up to the date lixed foi- the annual cxannnation, 
has avcraiic'd \tcooil,' is prnninled with what is known as an ' Honorary ('<Ttilicate," and without 
examination, if a ]iupil does not reac-li this InLih averaiic he is sul)jected to an cxaminatinn. whicli 
counts line ; his ' tt'rm avcraac " eountini;- tuur in deteniiinini;' his standini: — /. i.. his work durinjr 
the year is niaile foui' times as impoitant as his work on examination. This does nut put a premium 
on cramminu- for examination. The ' term a\ii'at:e' i;iven is determineil in a I'atinnal manner — 

the pujiil is not mai'ked from day tnday, but 
bis priiLiress is estimated at the end uf the 

nth. l!y thus takinu' Inntr periods of time 

the teaeliei- is able in judjic more intelligently 
(if his ]ii-iii;i-css than by the mieroseii]iic method 
(if ilailv markini.'. 

■•Tiie gl'eatest advance ill Treiitcill, Imw- 
ever, has been in the adoption of imiircix'ed 
methods ill the Iraiiiiug uf teachers. Formerly 
there were llii methods whatever : there is now 
a \\ cll-eiiuipped '{'raining Schoiil, (illieered li\' a 

ciirps cif trained teachers as g 1 as is to lie 

fiiuml ill most training schools in the eunntry. 
The ciiurse inx'olves lessons in jisvchologv, 
methods iif teaehiiig, and s]iecial t-ourses in 
niethiids in each (if the following subjects: Arith- 

-■ i' nietie, geography, drawing, music, language, 

writing, elementary science, kindergarten, read- 
ing and history. It cniiiprchends also a course (if reading in pedagogy, and eighteen weeks' practice 
in t!ie Training School, said ]iractice to be reviewed in a series of critic classes. 

"The necessity for training does not cease when a teacher leaves the Tniining ScIhkiI. It is to 
the credit of Trenton's teachers that they gladly avail themselves of the ojiportunities juit within 
their gras]i, and even invent meetings fur themselves. Among the \i]ilifting facts in the educational 
history of this city, must be nientidued the Teachers' Psychology Class. This consists of over one 
hundred teachers who, once a fortnight, meet for the study of jisychology. The subject is considered 
not thedrelically, but in view of its bearing upon the actual jiracticc of teaching. The enthusiasm 
of this class is one of the most liopeful signs of Trenton's advancement, 

'"Tiie Teachers' Consulting Library nuw numbers about one thousand three hundred books, 
Tiie Supervising Princijial is authorizeil to spend $\i) ]ier month for ]>urchasing books for this 
lilirary, 'i'wclve of our schools also have provided jirofessional libraries for tlicni.«elve.s ; usuallv 
tiny are loan collections or else liln'arics bought by the schools or the teachers. The teachers arc 
also buying |)rofcssional books for tliemsclves, and subscribing liberally to educational journals. 

"Along with these advances in the training of teachers has come a change in the method of 
appointment, which is being made on the l)asis of fitness. The standard of eligibility of applicants 
for the position of teachers has bt'cn raisc(l. Normal School and Training School graduates to l)cconie 
eligible mvist previously have pursued the full prescribed coiirse in the High School, or in an insti- 




tllK CITV (IF ti;k\T(».\. 



101 



tiilii>n <<( r(|n;il statiiliii;;. Tliis insures fur all a|>|ilicaiits a rcasoiialilr ac-adciiiic ],iv|iaraliiiii. 'I'liat 
anuiunt (if cultiiiviviiR'si'iil.<l l.ya 1 1 i-h School course is lln' siiiallcsl amount lliccily .-liould accept 
from those wlio [irojiose to teach in its schools. 

" In the niattei- of e.\tei-niiuatin,ii lai'iliness, truancy and sns|iensions. a ^■<•ry reuiai-kahle ailvaiice 

lias Keen made. .Many of the scl U have all hut ohlilei-ated tardiness, and s\is|.( nsion for disorder 

i~ almost a thin- <<{ the past. 'I'his means that disci|iline is ohiaineil with le-,^ friction, .and there- 
foi-e hy more I'atinnal measuri's. Indirectly it point- to hetier teachini; .aii.l hi-lier standards of 
luethods on the part n( the teachers, for such rcMilt- eaniini 1 ht.aineil on a l^xv plane of teachinu'. 

"Tn Xovcmhci-. iscl, the 'I'. .M. ( '. .\. ,,|' 'I'renton -uaranteed x:>{) U, furnish the pupils of the 
ni.nlit schools with liook>. stationery, tVe. In 1S77. when the linaiicial eoinlition of the Hoard would 

not warrant the openiim "f the ni-lit scl 1-, Mr. .hihn i'lxton. a puhlic-spiriteil eiti/en, verv 

matci-ially aided the Hoard, and the school- weic instituted. In 1^7'.!. this fi-icnd of the nijit 

schools auaiii assisted the I'.oard. The disintcre^leil kindness of Mi-. I'lxlon des(a\es the st lion- 

orahle mention. Tln' nii^lit scIimhIs ha\-c hecane an iii,po|-t:ni1 part of our si-1 1 s\slem. I'p to 

four years auo, howe\-ei-, they wciv in an cNcccdinvl.N' ch.aotic conditinn : tlii'\- arc now hiL:hl\- 
oi'iiani/.ed. Amoiiu the pi-oniincnt features of oui- system of cNcnim.: schools, is the spcciali/ation of 
teachillt;- — each teaelna- in a school t.'aelics a suhjeet. The sui'ccss of this met hod has heeii testi'il 
so thorounhly in this city as to leave no room for douht as to its superi(Piit\-. 'I'liere i- actual instruc- 
tion uivcai in the cvcuinL: schools, and the specimens of work prescrxcd from \-eai- to \-ear show how 

material has heeli the ad\ance of oui- pii] ids. I n ti-catiniicach sul ijecl taut; lit .at the e\tiiin- scl Is, 

an effort has heen made to detelininc what it is worth whih' lo ace plisli, .anil wli.at can lie acconi- 

jilished in a uiveii u-rade. Such efforts to this eml look to the cNclusioii of \\|iat is irrcle\aiit. 

■■ The E\-eiiinii' IIii;li School now entei- upon it- fourth year. Its foin- depai-lmcuts are, ni.athe- 

niaties, 1 k-kccjiiiii:-, stciioui'aphy and diawint;. The llo.inl has provided ample .■iccoiuniodations 

for the students of mech.anieal di'.awiiiL; and the prixileuo lia\-e liccn ful|\- .appreciated. The 
students of the e\-eiiiim stciioL^i-.a phy class who li:i\c completed their course liaNc all t.akcn po-iiions 
as fast as they ha\c applied. The I iookd<eepiiiL: dcpai'tment i- enthusiastic. 

•■ In the m.atter of sccui'iiiL;' rciiulai- attcnd.niec upon the e\-eiiint; schools — .i pi-ohlcm which all 
cities have wrestled with — a solution h.is hien re.iched in the adoption of what is known .-is the 
dollar-deposit plan. The plan re(piiresa deposit of one dollai- from e\ery applicant. The iiionc\- 
is refunded at the clo,-e of the season if the applicant attends rcLiulaily. Se\'eral i-itics lia\e adopted 
this plan and others are coiisideriim' its adoption. The results are in the hii;hcst deirrci' salisfactorv. 
The Kveniiiir IliuT. School, for example, in spite of the do|lai'-depo>it pl.in. is niiicli lari.'cr anil more 
laithusiastic than cvci- heforc. The class in stenography has doulilcd upon the jiirtu'cs of last year. 
Many of our yoiuiL; men and yoiniL; wouu n have ohtaincil po-itions as stenoj.fraplicrs, and have held 
them sccairely without exception, 

'"A lonj.' time a,L;o the lion. Cli.arles Skcltou made a liei|Ue-t to the city. providiiiLr for the 
creation of a ]ivililic school lihrary nndcr the cli.arL:e of the puhlic schools. .\s the will jirovided 
that durintr the lives of cci-tain persons the income should not he eiijoved hv the citv, the schools 
did not come into the jMissessioii of Ihi,- ineouie until recculh-. The city is to rcci'ivc an annual 
income of ahout ■S'.IOO. .\ room is to he |iro\ided. and it will imt he loiiu heforc our schools are 
ei|uipped with a very practical lihrary. 

''One of the most impoitant measures that ha\c heen adopted, relating;" to the schools, is the 
transfer of the liovcrniiuait of the schools from the Hoaril of Ivlucation to a Imdy known as the 
Commissioners of Puhlic instruction. This has involved a reduction in memlicrship from twcnty- 
tliree to citrht, and a con-e(|Uent concentration of ri's|ioiisihilit\-, which has licen very much to the 
iulvantafrc of the schools. 

"The followin,!.' statistii'S relate to schools: i'opul.ition of Ic-al school aire I I. 1-IS ; iiumhcr 
enrolled in the puhlic schools during; the p.ist year, 7.ll<l; nunihcr of pupils the schools will si-al 
comfortalily, (i.'.KI.S ; avera;j:e enrollment for one yt'ar, (),2li>< : avci-ai:-c attendance, .'i,-|(l.| ; niniihcr 
of pupils ill the Iliirli School, 2.S1 ; avcrajic ntmiher of ]iupils enrolled in the evcuiiiir schools, I.'!.'! ; 

average evcniiii;- attendance, .".Ml: numlier of teachers in the city. Ili'i: total valuation of scl 1 

property in the city, •'ii!4i;4,(f7'.l." 



10-2 



TIIK crrV OF TKKXTO.N. 



Lr.SI.IK ('(IDK I'lHHSdN. 



I,cs!ic Clink PitTsoii, Sii])erintcnilcnt nf I'ul)lio Scliocils, wiis Imrn in fittstdwii, Hunterdon 
cinuitv, Xrw Jci'scv, in till' vcar 1N")(i. His i-csiilencc in 'I'rfUtdii i\:i\r< IVmn tlic time lio was 

live years nld. A Jural mercantile' store gave 
him his first husiness o|i]i(jrtunity. During tlie 
sessions of tlie 1-i'gislature of lS()S-6!), lie was 
a pauc in tlie Senate. Here lie saved from liis 
wagi's a sullieient sum of money tri oMain a 
course in a husiness college, in onlir In .-u]i|ilc- 
iiM'iit his |iuMic M-liool cducalion. To lliis end 
he cnlercd liiilir's I'lUsincss ( 'nlli'gc. Ill 1^71, 
he ohtniiieil a |iositiiiii in ihc Sn|irenic Court 
• illicc df thi' State of Xi'W .lersey. and after 
s|iciiiliiiL: three years as a elei'l<. was ui\'en 
chariic df the ~carcliing de|iartment. which 
|)dsitioii In- has lielil fdp twenty years. Mr. 
j'iersdii has ln'cii a meiiilier of the ISdard of 
Schdiil 'riii-tci's since 1SS(;. and has I'cndered 
the cit\- df 'ri-elild|i x.iluahlc scrviee ill that 
|Misitid|i. lie was the la.-t President df the 
elcclixc r.dard and the lilst ri'esidelit df the 
.■i| )| M lint i\e ( '( iiiimi--ii m. 



P)I:n.iamin C. < d;i:odi:v. 

llciijaiiiiii C. Crcgory. Su|iei'visiiiu' Priii- 
ci|.al df 'ricntdn's iiiiKhc -chudls, was lidrn in 
New ^'dik City in lS|',i. In the )iuhlic s<-liodls 
of \\\> nati\(' I'ilv he |ii'e|i.ired hiiiiM'lf fdi- the 
Collegt' df tlie City df .\<-\\ York, from which 

he was graduated in ISCS. lie afterward tddk a special cMiur^c in tlic Sclidul df ^Fines connec'teil 

with Cdlumhia College. l''dr ahuut two yeai-s he was engaged in nut rd|H ihtaii editdrial Wdi'k. 

l'"dr three vears he was .\ssistant .\ctiiary df the 

I'aiijiii'e .Mutual Life Insurance Cdiniiany df .New ^'d|■k. 

Professor (!regory's education had heeu cdiii|ili-te, lli~ 

exjierienee in active husiness life in New \nvk City 

sujiplementcd tin' thcdretical knuwlcdgc which he had 

received in the sdidcils. Jn iNTo, he hecanic a tntdi- in 

his .\lma Plater. After spending se\cral years in that 

positicin lie I'esigneil to accept tlii' ]iriiicipalship df a 

|jrimarv school in Newark. He was somi afterward 

made Principal df diie df the large grammar schddls of 

that city. 

l'>y this time Professdr ( iregnry had heednie one of 

the iiroiiiinent educators of the State. Winn the 

S<'hool Poard of Trenton was making changes in the 

management of our puhlic scliools, they secured him 

to take the position of Su|iervising Principal. Tliis 

was to tlie end tliat the schools should he re-organizeil 

on ii seientifie plan. For seven years Professor (iregorv 

has exercised a constant and (aatieal oversight of the 

seliools of this citv. 




Lksi.iI': Cuok Ptkusox. 




lil,.NJ.\MlN e. l.UKGOHV. 



THE CTTV OF TUENTOX. 103 

rmlci- liis ilirrciiuii. ;i traiiiiiii;' srlnml t'ni- traclii'V- lias l)crn iuslitiitrd ami siicc-cssfullv cnii- 
iluctiil. Ili> Weekly lectures oil |je(lai;nLiy Ikwc lieell i.f iliealiulal ile liellelil tu tile teachers. lie is 
a JMini leader nf yoini;^ |iei)|)le ami iiispii'es cvcix IxnK' willi (■(inrKlciicc in liiii:-ell' ami the success 
(if hisjilaiis, I'lilil (ililiiicil t(i rcsiiiii mi accmiiil nT lii^ iiici'easiiii;- selinul duties, he was .Musical 
nireetiir iif the .Mi'iidel<-.ihii Clinr.d riiiiiu. ,\t the I'arnot solicitatinii nf the lniciii. he lias 
recently re-assiinied the li.-ilmi in that smiely. He is a tliiiruui:li niusieian, and when in Newark 
was tin; li'ader nf tin; chdir in niie ill' the |irinci[ial churches nf thai city. 



'I'm; 'riii'.NiiiN Ai'.\iii:my. 

rldsely identilied with the liisturv nf edncatinn in 'rreiitnii is the Ihiil: and hdiiiiialile reeiii-d of 
the 'I'rcntiin ,\cadeniy. It was ii|inii the tenth nl' l''eliruai'y. 17>^1. that certain ]irii|irii'tnrs. lili/ens 
lit' 'I'rcntiiii. fnrnied an assiiciatiiiii "tur I lie |iur|Mise nf i red iii'.; :i SiIkiuI !luii~e in the said Tuwii. 
and kccjiinL; up a l;e;iiilar ScIkhiI I'nr the Isducatinn nf ^'mith, tu he eundiicted under the l-'irni ul' 
the Treiitiiii ScliiHil ( '(iiii|ianv.'' 

The jircanilile tu the ai'ticlc nf aufeeineiit tints further exiiresses the nliject of this assiiciatinn : 
'' Sundry iiihaliitants nf the 'I'uwn and \iiiiiity, sensihle nf the ^ircat iin|iiii-tance nf Ivhieatinn tn 
the >velI-lieiiiL; nf indiviiUials, and the ^nnd nrder nf ( l(i\ criinn iil. and nf it> peculiar irse in early 
life, ami judLiiui;' the jirescnt means nf it in this |ilaee inadeipi.ate. IicIhl; met. ai;reed tn [iiirchase a 
lilt, erect a cniinnndinus liuildiim therenii. .and fnrm a perinaiient SchnnI under prnper licirnlatinns.'" 

Tllil1y-si.\ shares nf the tnlal \allle nf tj-!7ll, suhjeet In assessment, was the capital stuck, each 
]irn]irietnr"s share '.,;i\-inu' the riLilit In send .a child tn schnnl withniit an\' cliai'L;e I'nr use nf the 
liilildiiiL;'. ( )ut-selin|ars, nr tlmse imt sent nn ^liai'cs, were assessed half a dnllar each ipiarter, 
liesides tuitinii. liy way nf rent iiiniiey. Tn all the sehnl.irs extra cli.ai'u'cs Were made fur incidiailals. 
sticli as fnr wiind iiinnev. at the rate nf lliree-i|iiarlers nf a dnllar per ipiarler. 

The names nf the nriLlinal plnprietnrs w ere .Inseph liiuliee. |)a\id lllealley. .lame- .Milllnl', .Ir,. 
Uensselaer ^\'illianls. .Inseph Taxtnii, Stacy I'ntis, l-.aac Smilli, Isaac Cnllins, William Tucker. 
.James Ewiii.i:, (Vmrad Knits, Stephen Lnurey, .Miiam limit, Mnni-c l'"urniau, l!nlieil Neil, .Micajah 
How, .Jneol) l^enjamin, William ('liunliill llniistnn. ,hilm Neilsnn and I'raiicis Witl. 

On .May -Jdtli. 17>il. the Trustees linnuht nf Mmire l^'mnian fnr Cl-'i the ln| nf t^i-nmnl npnii the 

mirth side nf .\e;idemy ^treel. Cpnli this lilt was creeled llie scl I liuildllli;. which was twn stn|-ies 

ill lieiti'lil. twenty feet ill lii-cadtli and twenty-six feet in length. 

'Idle earl\- inslriictinii was nf a vcrv {■leiiieiitar\' character, arillmiclic and piililic speakiliir heinu: 
(.'(ilisidereil aimiiiii- the lii'.ilier liranclies nf cdiiealinii. ( )n Nnveniher KHli. IT^""). an act was|iassed 
iiic(ir]iiiratiliu' the iiri^inal pinprielniv ami 'i'riislce^. and the name uf the Trcnlnn Schnnl Cniiipany 
was c|iaiiL:ed tn that nf ■•The I'rnprictnrs nf the Treiitnii .\cademy.'" 

The charter recites the nriLlinal articles kI ai;reeinent. ami states as re.-isnns fnr im-nrpni-a(inii 
that a Int had hceii pun Ikim d and I iiiildin,^;' erected ■'in which the learned laiiLiuaucs, the iMiulish 
and French Lirammatically, and ntlier useful hranehes uf lilenilure are lauiihl with .i^reat success. "' 
By this eharler the enmpauy are ]ierniitted In hnid pi'nperty wlmse annual rental value shall lint 
exceed that nf niie tlinusaml hnshels nf wheat. 

That the schnnl was nf hi-h repulalinii al lliis time is alloled hy the fact thai examinations 
were held in the i'resliyteriaii elnnvli, which were attended hy the Onvia-mir, i.e,u;islature and 
(listiii.<ritislied stran.irers. Anmnt;- the latter, in IT^^l. were the I'j'c-idcnt nf Cniiuri'ss, linron Steulien 
and niemliers nf the Coiigre.ss and Loirislature. 

In the '■ New .Jersey Oazette" ti|Hin the tweiily-seveiilh nf l-'chruary, 17>ili, il is reenrded that 
"the voun.ir .L^entli'ineii lielniiiiiliLr to the 'i'renlnii ,\eademy uave a specimen nf their im]iriivemenl 
in tlic art nf ]uililic s]ieakin.i.', in presence i if His Kxeelleiiey the ( iovernor, the Vice I'resideiit, .Mr. 
Speaker and nmst nf the memhers nf the i,e,L;isl;iture. Their perfnnnanees were siieli ai< frained the 
ainirohatinii nf this respectahle audience." 

In 17.S7, a fiirls' school in ennnectinn with the Imys' schcm] was opened liy Mrs. .Jnjin Mease, 
of Philadelphia. At this jierind, the itev. .James F. .\rnistrnni:. of the First I'resliyteriaii L'huirli, 
af.m;cd to attend the seliool, dispose the classes and their sindies, and, in exerd.sinf,' <;eiieral 
KUpemsion, iire.side over the |iulilic exaniinatiniis. From time In time, the Aeadeiiiy wa.s enlarged, 
and more property was purelia.sed, presumalily for eampiis purposes. 



104 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 

Tlip schiinl was ikw va|iiilly atlvanciiiir in tlic cliaractcr and <;ra(lc of its stuilics, and on 
Sciitcnilicr l-")tli, 17>>'.l, it was decided to give a ecrtilieate under tlie seal of tlie e<iri)oration '"to 
sueli scholars as sjiall have studied the Englisii language^ gi-anniialically. and siiall have gained a 
(•onii>etent knowledge of at least two of tlie follmving hranches, viz.: K.xtraction of the Roots, 
Aii'clira, Mathematics. (ieogra]ili y, Chronology, History, Logic, ithetoric, >hiral and Natural 
I'hiloso]ihy, Spirit of Laws ami Ci-iticism, and those having reaci what is usually read in Schools, 
of Ca'sar's Connnentaries or Ovid's .Mctamoriihoses, Justin or Sallust in Latin, and any two of the 
four following hooks. Tlu' .\ew Testament. Luciairs Dialogues, Xenophon or Homer in the Greek, 
siiall he entitled to have the same inserted therein." 

In 17'.)4. the Trenton .\cademy Lottery was institided, which, in lsO-2, resulted in a net gain 
to the school of SI. 'if ;■">.•".<;. 

In IT'.M, a jirivate night school had liecn estahli^hed, for which, in IT'-''-'. Su|icrinlcndcnt 
I)u llois asked exclusive [trivileges as teacher. 

In IMK), it was r<'solvcil to |iurchase the hrick school-house which st I on thi' I'l'cshyti'rian 

church grounds, in I^tate street, a httlc ea~tcrly of the site of the |irescnt church, to lie used as a 
schodl for girls, 'i'hc Tru>lccs of the church concci\itiu' that they had not suHicieiit authoi-ityto 
sell, the school-hou.-<' was liascd to the Trenton .\cadeiiiy Coni|iany. 

The Trustees of the .\cadcuiy, in ISOT, exercising assumed |Milice autlioritw |iassed a resolution 
iirohihiting the "scholars Fi-oin shooting guns within the limits of tin' |io|iulon< pail of the city." 
and authorized .and directed the (ilTcncha's to he ]iunislied in an cxemplai\' manner. 

The ,\cademv grew with much \igor (hiring: the lii^l liaU' of the present century, although, at 
times, adverse conditions teiidi ' to retard the ihx'clopmeiit of the institution; ililliiailties were 
overcome, and. in IS lU. at an expense of !^'.">.()',)1.." hi' .\. ' , .lu.lding was aheir'd. ('i)neerning 
this, the Trustees' re]iort says : "The conveniences of the liuilding pro\-e it to he in perfect keeping 
with its hi'aiitiful architectural proportion-^, and ^\■llcll .\cadem\' ~treet shall lia\-c heeii graded, and 
the improveiiieiits of the grounils as contemplated li\- the Hoard in the spring shall ]vaw heen 
made, the external appi'arance of the .\cadeni\' will proeiit a just cau>e of hoiiorahle pride 
to our citizens." 

Cntil the early se\-ci it ies the school continued to pri i>per. The W'ai- of the iiehclliou rctardeil its 
prouress, hut in view of the intense intelli'i'ttial acli\it\' following strife, the .\cademy hccame reju- 
venated. ThcLirowth ipf the State Normal and .Model Schools, with large State appropriation-, was 
also a factor in the de<line of this hoiiorahle institution. Toward the I'losc of its career, it is of 
interest to note that in isyii permission to use the room in the secoml stor\' of the .\i'ademy for a 
Sundav-school, was granted to the Trinity ]Ciiis<-o))al Church. This was not the first time the 
,\cadeniy huildiiig had heeii occujiied for a like ]iur|iose. In it one of thi' first Sunday-schools 
founiled in this coimti'y held its services. In the \\ inter of h^l-'i-Ki, the Trenton and Lamherton 
Sunday and Free School Association w.as foiined, and in Octoher, l>^l(i, it ili\ided into three jiarts — 
the I'reshyterians held their school in the old Ijriek seh(H)l-house, the ]fa[itists in their ehurcli and 
the ^lethodists in the .Vcadeiiiy hiiililing. 

"In INSl, the school contained nineteen ]iupils. and in hsSJ, the .\cadcniy ceased its career. 
The century of its organization was appropriately commemorated in ISSl. upon which occasion the 
Hon. \\'illiani L. Dayton, e.x-^Ministi f to Tln' Hague, reail an address emliodying the history of 
the institution. The following have heen Trustees of Trenton ,\cadeinv : 

Stacy I'otts. 17S1-17S:5, 17.S.')-17.'^7, Charles Tom]ikin>. 17'.H), 

Moore Furman. 17^1, 17^:1-1 7'.)1, I'i'ter ( nirdon, 17'.n-17'.tii, ISOO. 

.hunes lowing, 17s|-17s-_', 1 7X.">-1 Sii-J, .Mexander Chanihers. .Ir.. 17'.I4-]N()0, 

I.saae Collins, 17>^1-17>^I. 17sii~l 7'.m;, .loseiih liivarley. 17'.IN. 

William Churchill Houston, 17.^1, Itandall Kickey, J71).s, 

David I'.rearley, 17S2-17N4, .Janu'S S. Kwing, 1S()4- 

Isaac Smith, 17S2-17S."), Lucius II. Sto<kton. 1S()|- 

Conrad Kotts, 17S:!, 17S.-)-l.S0(), (ddeoii 11. Wells. 1M)1-1S17, 

Samuel W. Stockton, 17S4, Charlc.- Kwing. 1m>|^1,s2;!, 

r.enjamin Pittield. 17SI, ( leorge Sherman. IS17, lS-i2-ls;iO, 

:\IaskeH Ewing, J7S.S-17S'.), ]7'.)2, ISOO, ^Villianl Potts, 1.S17-I.S21, 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 105 

Zadiariah Husscll, IS-JI-ISS"), Rev. Sainurl Stair, l.S.|7-l.Sr,9, 

Thomas L. ^\■(>^llll■lllT, ls-_M-ls:U), Sta<-y(i, I'otts, 1^ IT-lsc,."), 

Charles II ii;l)ue, l.S:i;;-l.s;;.'), 'William C. Hc.wrll, lS47-lS(i<), 

John S. Chaiiiliers, is;i(), C. A. I'lrijii-aris, 1S17-1SS(), 

Charles Burnm-lis, lS:r)-]S(;i, |;,.v. John Hall, is 17. 

ITcnrv W. (ireeii, 1.S3.3-1.S47, Williaiii \,. Dayton. 1S17-1S.")9, 

.lames iMvinu', lS:i")_l.So2, l!aik( r ( Iniimnrc. IS.")'. 1-1 SSI. 

Tlioiiuis .J. Stryker, l.S4o-l<S7l-', Ivluanl W, SruddiT, 1 S.-,'.U1SS(), 

Francis .\. Ewing, 1.S4;5-1S47, .hilm S. CliaiiiluTs, 1S.")1)-1SS], 

I'liilcninn l»iekinson, 1S47-1SS1. William S. Stryker, ISSO-lSSl, 

William I.. l)avt.iri, lss()_ls,sl. 



E.\ui.Y Lir,i!Ai:ii;s. 

As a part of flie cclucaf idnal system uf the eity, the eai'ly liKraries, uliieli \i> the vnuth iieeu|]ie(l 
the jilaee nf ]iuhli<- I'lliieatinn, must nut he nei^leeted. .\s "iie III' the ]ih.-ises (if the free schoul move- 
ment the meetini; nf the .Vpin-entiees' hiln-ary ( 'iim|iany, on .Vpril ■Jllth. IS-Ji^, is of jiartieiilar interest. 
On that oeeasion a nieetiim' of the eitiziais of Trenton was held at the house of .hise|ih M. llis|ihani, 
Trenton House. The follow inu ticntlenien were (leeply interesteil in the mo\-ement : Chai'les I'.'winir, 
Samuel E. Southard, Zaeliariali Rossell, ( Jeoi'LK' Watson, Samuel l'"\ans, .lames .1. Wilson, l!ev, 
^Vhiel Carter, Rev, William lioswell, Thomas (ioi'don, Daniel Colem.ni, Charles Uun-oiiLihs anil 
William S. Stoekton. Cjion the openini: niLilit tliii'ty-li\ e \-oluiiies were taken out. Two hundi'ed 
and lifty 1 looks were displayed on eases, wliieh eost the company s; I :JI), Tliese works were of tin- 
good, old-fashioned kind, eontaining no novels, romani'cs or pla\s, w liidi are so a|it to captivate 
juvenile imaginations, hut wei-e composed of wm-ks of more sterling value and lasting usefulness — on 
religion, morality and science, history. Iiiograjiln', tra\els, vovages. d ■■^iniiliiir. The societ\' con- 
tinued for many years, when the late l.ilnarian Samuel l'"\ans gave the hooks into the charge of the 
Young Men"s Christian Association. 

On the fourth of Scjitemher. IS.'^S, the Trenlon Institute was formally organized. It continued 
an actix'c career until Mai'ch L'4th, IS44, wliiai it cc.iscd opci-ations. The institute frcipicutU- met in 
the large saloon — or assenihlage-room — of the City Hall, .\mong its acli\'c mcndiei-s were (icoige 
Woodrutf, Rev. .lohn W. '\'eoinans, Stacy (h I'otts. Esip, Setli Luken-, .lames Wilson. Dr. I'"rancis 
^\. k'wing. Charles Darker, Ivcv. Sanniid Starr, .\ndrew .\llinson, Timothy AMiott, .Ir.. .lohn .Mei'slmn, 
Cliarles C, ^'ai-il. Dr. .Jami's II. Coleman, Dr. John L. Tayloi-, .loscjih Wilherup and lienjannn S. 
Dishrow. 

The Mechanics' Institute, where free lectures on arts and sciences were hidd. was estahlishcd in 
lS4'i. Charles .Mooi'c. Dr. .lames II. Coleman, llcnjamin !>. Disln'ow and Henry .M. Lewis were 
instrumental in its oi-gani/.ation. 

In 1845, the lr\iiig Institute, which was slmi-t lived, met in the City Hall. Its olliccrs were 
Lewis R. .lustice, President ; Christophers. Hoagland, Secretary ; Charles C. Burroughs, Treasurer; 
Lewis R. Justice, C. S. Hoagland, Charles C. Uurmughs anil Joseph Corlies, Managers. This was 
a precursor of the Trenton Lyceum, which <lid not last long. 

The Trenton I.ilirary. which was o]iened in 1S52. was an important organization. They nu't 
in Tem]ierancc Hall and in the Lincoln Huilding. cornier State and limad. which was erected hy 
Charles Scott in 1S53. Ovel- one thousand live hundred volumes adorned thcii' slidvcs, and the 
income of the organization was S220. These hooks afterward came into the iiossession of ihi' ^'oung 
Men's Christian .Association. 

In the winter of 1S55 the "Trenton Lecture .\ssociation " was founded. Its otlicers were 
William W. L. Phillips, President; William Howe, Secretary, and a Board of Directors. 

The earliest foundation of the '^'oung Men's Christian .Vssociation, in 1S5(), is to he (niced to 
an intellectual as well as a religious movement. The eilucalional demands of tiie town leil to this 
Association, and as early as 1.S7U the yoinig men had a lihniry of sevenil thon.sand volumes, and 
the various newspapers of the day were to he found in its rooms. Then, as now, through the 
winter sea.son the Association had lectures upon various suhjeds. The rooms have hcen on W arren 
o 



lor, 



THE CITY OF TltKXTOX. 



stnx't, on State strwt, in tlie l)uil(lin<; ()ccu]iied hy S. I'. Dunham it Co., and in the "Sunday 
A<lvevtiser "' huildinjr, on M'est State street. Tiu^nee they iimved to their eomniodiou.^ edifice on 
East State street. 

Business Coi,i,i:<;i;s. 



Trenton, throuirli the medium of lier business eolh'j>es, oeeui)ies a ])roiiiinent place amonir tlie 
educational centers of the Ivistern States. One of the lirst towns in the covuitry to adopt and 
develop this idea of s]iecial traininir for commercial life, the various Trenton husiness collet's have 
kept steady pace witii tlu' demands made ujjon them for men (|ualilled to take i)ositions in evei-y 
econ<iuuc Held. The fact that the city support.s three .such institution.s is a sure test of the 
elliciency of their traininjr. 

The Trenton IJusincss ('ollej,a' was ori.uinally one (if the Hryant it Sti'atton system, and was 
inatiiiuratcd in 1S(>."). In lS(>(i, Professor Andi'cw .1. llidi^r ln'came l'i-incipal. .\ short time there- 
after the interests were pin'ciiased hy Ueecher iV rvi<lcr. Mr. iScecher was fulldWid hy W. I!, .\llen. 
Jn 1S7S Mv. liidcr assmiicd full control of the institution, and has since remained its uuidinj.' spirit. 
In .lulv, ISii;!, ;i stock company, consistintr of .V. -T. Itider. President: W. 1!. Kniiler. Secretarv, 
and .l(isc]ih 1.. KuLilcr, Treasurer, was formed, '["his cdrpuration nnw manaucs tlic I'djlctie. 

The TrcntiHi Husiness t'olleire is a thoi'oui;hly-eiiuip|ied institution, and has a lonir list of 
alunnu and alumna'. From the sim]ile fact that dnrint;' the past year three hmidred students wci'e 
enrolled in tiic collcuc shows tliat tiie success of the instilulioii has hecn rcmarkahji'. .\ fuliv- 
ei|uipi)cil liynmasium and a Hhrnry of husiness and law iiooks are attractive features of tin' culJcgc. 

Professor Andrew .1. iiiiici-. Piincipal of this cnlleue. was Imni in Livin.Lrston county. Micingan, 
in the year 1S4.">. lie was educated at a seminary at lluwcll, Miciiiuan. and Hillsdale College, in 
tin- same State. After receiving a thuniugh classic.al cnursc at these institutions, he taught school 
for a few yeai's in .Miciiigan. and then took a comnii'rcial enurse at the Piyant A Stratton lUisiiicss 
College in ('hi<-ago. Cpdii his graduation from tiie college, in ISC)-"), hi' went to Xewai'k, .New 
.h'rsey, and taught one year in the Bryant, Stratton A Whitney IJu.siiU'ss College. lie was then 
called to the Principalship <if the IJryant it Stratton College, in Trenton which had liccn cstalilishcd 
in ISG."). Soon after .Mr. liidcr hccame connected witii the Trenton College, P>rvant it Stratton's 
interest was jiurchased hy Heeeher A iJidci'. They were the ]jrojirietors until Mr. Peecher retired. 
Mr. \\ . l'>. .\llen next hecaine assoeiateil with Mi', liidcr, under the firm name of Pider A .Mien. 
In 1 ><7-'i, Mr. liidcr temporarilv left tln' school and mo\'cd to Camden countv, where he ent;'ai;'ed in 
agricultural i)ursuits, chielly cranln'i'i-y-grow ing. While living there, he was elccteil to ihr Xiw 
Jersey Legislature, and was the leader of the House in the ])assage of the liill to ri'dnce the Icg.'il 
rate of interest from seven jier cent, to six percent. .Mr. Rider remained in Cnniden countv until 
1S7S, when he returned to Trenton and assnmeil full control of tlii' Trenton Husiness College, and 
has ever since remained its Priuciiial. 

As a recreation from his school duties. .Mr. liiiler has hecn very successful in the cultivation of 
the cranherry. He is now oni' of the largest o])erators in the comitry and prohaMy represents more 
capital in the husiness than any other grower in New .Tersey. Tie has hecn Scci'i'lary of the Anu>ri- 
can Craniierry (irowers' .Association for over twenty years, and was receiuly selected hy a syndicate 
of hog-owners to introduce cranherries into (ireat Pritain, where they were ahuost wdiolly uid^nown, 
lie went aliroad last winter and succeeded in accouqilishing his mission in the face of obstacles 
winch w<iuld liave <liscourageil and clefeated a less eomjictent man. He is a mendierof the Trenton 
Board of Trade, and was its Pri'sident for three consccutivi' terms, an honor «luch has fallen to no 
other man. I )ming his I'residency were inaugurated ami carried out the movenuaits whi<'h have 
given to Trenton Cadwalader Park and the sewerage system. Professor Rider is a Tliirty-scconil 
Degree Ma.son. 

In IS.S:;, Professor Thomas J. Stewart and William P. Ilaunnond opened the Stewart iV Ham- 
mond Business ('ollege. After a few years Mr. Hannnond ntii-cd. The college has for many years 
]>;ist be<'n in successful operation at Xo. 10 .'-South Broad street. The rc]iutation which this school 
enjoys gives it an enviable position among like institutions throughout the country. Its graduates 
occupy pronnnent places in every part of the country. 




Andkkw J. Uim:it. 




fllAHl.IOS M. Ahkaiiamson. 



TIIK CITY OF TRKXTOX. 10? 

Cliarlt'S ]M;i,anus AKralianisuu ncciitly rmiic \n tliis city fi-.iin (■.iiimI.ii. \i\v .I,tscv. ami has 
cstalilisluMl a Imsiiicss oillcuc on tlic ruiucr of Front and F)i-oail ,-liiTts. 'I'ln' rvcniirj class stai'lcd 
Scptcnilirr .",(1, 1S'.)4, and tlir day sda. ol .laiiuary 7tli. IS'.i.'). Tlic colli-v is Im-atcd on tin' wcll- 
li'ihlcd tliii'd lloor of tlir l!ili-ain IliiildinL:, ami iii] inoiT d(--iralilc |jositioii could \h- secured in the 
cily of Trenlon. Tlie ai)|ioiiitin(ails are of the Kest, Inil ari' I wo hankin-' ili'|iartnients — national 
as well as tiaist company — soniclhiniiof which no other i-.illi-c can hoa~t. I'.e-idc- this all of the 
modern laii-na;:es are tan-ht. It can readily lie seen that these new de|iarluivs will place the 
college ill a position to cdui-atc its patrons in any Hik.' of Imsini'ss they nia\- di'siiv to follow. Com- 
petent in>truetors are eULiaued and the 'rivntiMiians who will imparl iii-hiietiou are: ivx-.l nd<;e 

Hlichanan, Lecturer on C len-ial Law; Itev. Maurice I'eiilield l^kes. Dean and Lectuicr on 

lUlsiness I']thics ; Mr. AHVcd Lohertshaw. l!ookd<eepei- and Seci-etai\- ; .Miss W'h.irlon, assi-tant 
teacher in the art of shorthand \vriliim. The remaining iuslrnc|oi-s are suci-cssful teichcrs 'if wide 
expiM-ience, whilst Professor Aliraliani<on .le\iites his whole lime and alleiilion lo the school. This 
institution, the newest claimant for popular i-eco;inition, has .an cxci'llciil cuiriculum. and is installed 
in connuodious apartnieiits. In isso I'rofessor .\hr.aliamson e-lahlished a Inwiiiess eollciic in 
Camden. This was the lii'st coHi'^c .^Larti'd there, and it met with pri -emineiil success. 






CHAFFER XVIII. 



TltKXTON'S F11!K DKl'A 111 .M KNT. 

TlIK X'llT.rNTKKK ('( IMPANIKS— TlIKI K XaMICS AM) THK Sk1!VI(E.S TvKNDEIiKI) TltK ClTV IVMM.V 

1-'ii;kmi:n — Thf. ()i!(ia.\izi:i) X'om'xteku Depaht.mknt FitnM 184() to 189:^ — 'rni-: I'aid l)]:i'\iir- 

MKNT It?: ()|;i;ANI/.ATI(1.\ AM) I'kESKNT ( 'i iM UIH iN. 



/-V X 'I'm-", iiru:iniz;iti(ili nl' her Incal lire ili'|iartiiiclit 'i'li-ntnii ciiiMV- the ilistiiirtidli i<{ 
ti'n<iiiix the cDiitiiiuous liistorv i>f the oldest liro (■(iiii|i;iiiy in the Initril States. The 
early iiietlimls of extinmiishinif fires were of a ]iriuiitive character. 'I'd the last ccii- 
turv heliings the insiL'niHcant and feehle hand engine, the hncket ln^igaile. and the 
■••' *'-c' '!& WDveu liDse freezinu' in tlie shallciw wells. J!nt there were as hr.-ive men then as now ; 
KSlSt^7''J^ '"''11 as ])roni|)t to respond to the call of duty. This is shown hy.JuhnO. liauin. 
^ whose liistory of Trenton's fire department is nmst cimiplete. 'I'he first rei-urd we 
-A^^^ jiave of an organizeil fire department in Trenton is to he found in a nu'etint: of the 
citizens on the evening of l'"elirnarv 7th, 1747. I'pon tliis occasion Ohadiah Howell, 
(leorge Ely. John Hunt, William Plaskett and Thomas Tindall assemhled in a 
lilacksmith shop, on tlu" corner of Ilroad and Front streets, for the jiui'posi' of forming a fire 
company. ()l)adiah TTowell was a])iiointed a connuittec to procin'c huckels, baskets, fh-i' hooks and 
ladders, wiiilst to (ieorge I'^dy and William Plaskt'tt was assigned the task of drafting a constitution. 
After some coivsideration the name " I'niou "' was adopted and a more jierfect organization elTccteil. 
The regular meetings were annual, and a special meeting was held on the .Monday night ne.xt after 
a fire. The oldest complete constitution of the company in their po.sscssion was adoj)ted February 
l-'Uh, 17'-'2, and connuenees as follows : 

",\rtie]e8 of the Union I'ire Company of Trenton, instituted the Sth day of May, 1747 ; veviseil 
and corrected tlie otli day of .May, 17>'-"> ; revised ancl amended tlie loth day of Fehruai-y, 17'-ll.'.'" 

The original constitution was signed by the following nuanbers : Hezekiah Howell. Com'ail 
Kotts, Charles Axford, Henjannn Smith, .Iose[ih Milnor, .b)hn Singer, .\braliam Hunt, Isaac 
Hariies, (ieorgo Ely, James lowing, ^loore Furman, Samuel I. cake, Samuel W. .Stockton, Maskell 
lowing, James F. Armstrong, Samuel Taylor. Joseph lii'umlry. William Tindall, Kobert 1,. Hooper, 
Pontius I). Stelle, John I'otts and James .M. ,McKinley. 

The coni]iany, in 1772, had ]iurchased a small Cibbs engine, and in 17"<i'>. they obtained a large 
one. In 17'-n, a horse was em])loyed to ilraw the large engine. In 17>''-'. the engines were stored 
in small houses in the city, and in 17!)8 one finds the com|)any comi)osed of thirty-two active 
niem1)ers. The annual exi)enses at this time were about fom- htuidred dollars, exclusive of the 
cost of lire liuckets and extraordinary expenses. The company had two engines, one stationed in 
Trenton and one on Mill Hill, I'.lleft Tucker was captain of the large engine, and -lohn Sutterly of 
tlie small one. 

In ISi:', the company added six fire ladders and seven lire hooks to thc-ir ap|iaratus. In 1S23, 
the company's house was erected on State street, near the (lovernment House, and in 1S2 4, the 
" rnion " was incorporated by act of the Legislature. The incorporators were Isaac Barnes, John 
It. Tucker, James Hilhnan and John 1). C.reen. 

In l>i.">2, they ])urc]iaseil their double-deeker, and on October 3d, 1848, they had it rebuilt. 
It was sold in March, IS.j.'i. In 18:](), they reinovcd their house from the government lot to 
Aeailemy street, near the old buttoiiwood tree. 



TTTE CITY OF tItlCXTOX. 



1 no 




A Firn-. Dki'autmknt r)F \f. Oi.iikn Timi-:. 



In March, LS.jG, tlie coiiiiluiv iMiirhasrd :i linUnii liaml I'lmiiic, jiiano stvli\ wliicli thcv sdld 

in 1SH4. 

At S(inK' ]H'i'i(i(l ;iftiT tile iii-L;;nii/,.'itiiin of the I'nidii ('■ iiii|i:iii\', a (■(iiii| i:in\- kiKiwii as tlic 

" Rc'storatiim" canic iiitu existence. Little (U- nutliiiiu is i<iM>\\n tlierecif, e\ci'|il Ihev sun-emlei'eil 

tlicir engine to tlie I [and-in-IIaml ('.iin|iaii y in 17>;'-l. 
(hi the si'i-iiml of Aprih 

'[(('I, the Iland-in-I laml l''ii'i' ^ ^^^r^^^~'^^~^^^^^^^^^BSn^BB9H^^^^BBlP!ilM'^V'»'v-' 

Cciinpauy was (i|'L::iiii/,e(l at the 

hiiiisi' (if IJensselaer \\"iniain>. 

The oriiiinal niiinliei's were 

Josejih Toy, David ('..well, 

UAK. lieiisselaer William-. 

Isa.ae l'<'arsiiii IuhIiii.ui. .\rehi- 

liald \\"illiani ^'ard, .In,-,],!, 

Clunn. Iviehai'd r>(ii'deii ami 

Samuel liellerjeau. 

As an index uf the nnth- 

ods then eniplnyeil. the fol- 

lowinii' eitatiiiiis wire mad, 

from the ennstitutidn h\' .iuhu 

0. Kauni : It prii\ided in 

the first ai'tiele, "that ea.di 

member, within the spaie of 

three months from the date of the ad(i|ifioii of Ihi' same, should |ii-ovide himself. ,at Ids own 

]>roj)er cost and <diari:c, two leatlua- liu(d<:ets, one liaLT. aud one imn a uieid liaski'l ; the liaLT 1" 

he made of stronn' osnalierns or ^\'ider linen, to contain at least llii-ce yai'ds, willi ,a lauunni; striuu- at 

the mouth ; which buckets, bai;. and ba-ket shall he marked with 
the name of tlu' ])erson fo whom lhc\' IicIoul;; anil com|ian\\ and 
shall be huuix Up near tin- fi-mit dooi-, .as eonveiiiently as may be. 
for vic\v, in each unaiibei-'s house, to be I'eady .at hand, and to be 
ai)|ilied to no other use tli.au foi- |irescrvin;i: mu' own and our I'd In w- 
townsinen's houses, n'oods, and elfccts fi'om lire; that each new 
ineinbei' who shall be hereafter aijuiitted shall provide themselves 
in like manner, within thi'ee months after his admission." .Vud 
in case they were not pnAidcd. or, after beini;- |il-oviileil. were not 
kept in ii|-ilci-, a line of two shilling's was imposed for each bucket 
so nc.ulected, and for liai; or basket, one shillinji each, unless they 
were lost oi' rcnderi'd useless by a. lire, in which ease the loss was 
to be made up as SOOU as possible by the 'L'l'casurer, out of the 
eomjiany's stocks. 

On the lirst notice of lire, '" they were innnediately to repair 
to the place, with their buckets, hati, and basket, and there employ 
Ihcir best endca\ors to cxtini;uish the saini' ; and if any house or 
houses, L'ooils, and elfccts bclouirimc In any member of the company 
were likelv to be consumed, two of them wei-c immediately to 
HvnBAXT K,.R THK Bovs Ti. CoMK. rcpan'tothe doorot cach such house or In-c, thiav to stand and 

deliver such ;;ooi|s as inav be saved into the hands of such persiins 

as tliey shall think proper to intiaist them with, to be caia-ied to some ])lace api>ointeil by their 

owner," where one or more were to attend them until they could be eouveincntly restored to or 

secured for tlic owner ; and the othci- menibi'rs slmuld, if there lie occasion, iliviilc themselves as 

near as may 1)C to be cipially helpful and that they were to lie ready and willini: to help ami assist 

all otliers. And in ease of default in doinfi this duty, they were to forfeit and pay live shillinfis, 

unless they could give a sulHeieiit reason to the company at its next mcetint;. 

Upon an alann of (ire, in the ni},dit, every nn'ndier was to cause two or more liglits to be set in 

liis windows ; and such of the eom]iany whose houses might be in danger were rciiuircd to place 




no 



tJIE CITY OF TllENTO-K. 




An' <h,i>-Fasiih>sku Fikk h:N<i[NK. 



cainllcs in cvcrv room to prevent confusion. Tlie coiniiiinv was set on foot l>y tlie " Fisliing Island 

Liitterv." Tlio (ire conii)any suspcmled its nicctinL'.s durini.' the early years of the Revolution. 

In \7X'2. tlie Clerk was authorized to liire out the ladders of the eonipany at the rate of one 

.shillinj: per day. 

In 17S-J, Mr. Isaac I)e C'ou presented the eoin]iany witii a new ladder, for which he received a 

vote of thaid<s, an<l the ladder was ordered to he hunu up at tiic house of Mr. Ciiandiers, wliere 

M'illiani l\ee(ler then re.si(K>d. The Clerk was also ordered to notify the niendiers of the eoiu]iany 

to irivc their assistance in reniovinj; the cnirine-lumse from the })lace where it tlien stood to the lot 

of Ahraliam Hunt. In those days it was customary to locate an enuine-iiousc on any vacant lot. 

and for it to reujain tiieri' imtil tlie owner desired possession of the j)roperty. 

In January, LSIO, tlu' suliject of huiJdiui;' one 
or more cisterns, or ercetiui.' pumps for tlie |iur- 
jiose of sccuriug a more sullirieiit supply of water 
in time of lire, was agitated. 

In .lanuar\'. ISll. the conipaiiv tliinkiiiL;' it 
neeessary for a more sjjcedy and general alarm in 
case of tire, (Jarrct 1). Wall, Jacol) Hester and 
Thomas Ryall were appointed a committee to cause 
the iVcademy, Presbyterian Cluu'eh and State 
House hells to he rung immediately upon an alarm 
of Hre ; this was also adopted hy the Resolution 
Company, and a premium of 81 was offered to the 

])erson who sliouM first i-inu' either of the ahove hells, and oO cents to the person who should ring 

tlio second or third hells. 

The Hand-in-Iiand Coni]>any was incorporated in Decemher. IS-_'4. T'ntil Is:!'.). the meetings of 

the com]iany had ln'cn held in the houses of iiieinhers, luit in this year all the con ipai lies in the city met 

in a room in the City Hall. In IS.'S'.i, the hoys 

were organized to manage the small engine which 

was called the "Hihernia." The same year the 

Iniou Com]>any organized the hovs in like manner 

to take charge of their small engine, under the 

name of I'nion, No. ■_'. 

1 11 .lu lie. l.s.")l , they purchased a hose carriage, 

which was run as the '■Neptune," the coni)iany 

l>eing divided, one jiortion rumiiiig the engine the 

other the cari-iagc, though hoth under the same 

government. They continued these two organiza- 
tions until 1S.")4, when the Xe]itune was merged 

into the Hand-in-liand, and the taigiiic and car- 
riage' were run as one company. 

The Hand-in-IIand Fire Company may lie If 

said to he the mother of four conqianies at present 

in existence in otu' city. 

First, they furnished the Tresidcnl of the 

Eagle, (iideon H. M'ells, organized in .lune, IS'.M. 

The same year, and ahout four moiitlis lati'r, tln'V 

ftn-nished a President for the Delaware l*"ire('om- 

jiany, in the jierson of Richard L. Ueatty. In 

l>>3i), they organized the hoys into a company, who \oluntccreil to take charge of the small engine, 

and he under the control and general sii])ervision of the Hand-in-Hand Company. 

This was the original organization of the (!ood \\'\\\ Fire Company, and in l^o".), a numher of 

the inemhers withdrew and formed the America Hose Company. 

The engine-house stood on the (iovernincnt lot, after which it was removed into Academy street, 

on the southw'est corner of the Aeademv lot. 




STAllTINIi F<»lt .\ FlKK. 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. Ill 

In June, IS.'id, it sti"ii| mi Isaac Ilciiliiius' Int. in tlic irar nf llii' Ainrrican Ildti'j. Al lliis 
time the C(iiii]iany I'litncd inio a ((Uitiact with .l(isc[ili ('. I'nits I'm- the ii><- df tlir l>iiililiii,L' in Clian- 
ccrv stirct, ill tlir rrav of tlir ('liaiiccry Imildinns. Tlicy ivinaincil lien- until tlic year IMil, at 
wliirli time till' rity luiilt tin' Imusr ill W'illdw strrcf. The r(iin|ia]iy timk |](isscssicin Sc]itcinl]cr 
llltli, ISCl, 

A liaii'l ciiLiiui' liiiilt 1iy -lulni Aiincw. n\ i'liilaili'liiliia, \\a< suM al">ut tlic liist of -lunc, ISfiT. 

Tlic l;cs(ilutiiiii I''ii'c (uiii|iany was oi'nani/.cil un tlic t'mirlli ilay uf T'cliniary, a. d. 1SI)-I, ami 
inciiriiiiratcil mi the tw eiity-ninth clay o{ I)ccciiilici-. a. n. I^lM. Fruni what can he gatliercil IVdin 
llie iiiiiuitcs wc cdiichiile that Zachariah I'ossell was called tn the chaii', and tlial he eontinued tu lie 
rrcsidcnt nf the c(ini|iaiiy fm' nian\' \cars thereafter. 

The niciiihershi)! was divi<led iutn eoiiuiiittees, iiaiiiely, the Tjadder f'mniiiittee, the Alann 
Coniiiiittee ami the Hueket ('miiiuittee. Each eoiiuiiittee was renuired, under jieiialty of a line, lu 
attend strictly tn the duties assii;iied it. 

This emiiiiauy had mie very jieculiar rule, which was that of holdiiiir a ineetini;- mic week after 
every fire. This was d<nie in order ti) .tiive the iiieiiil)ers wlm were ahseiit frmn fires an ii|i]iiirtiinit v 
(if c.\|ilaininL; their ahsciiee. 

(Ill ()ct(il>cr -Jd, 1S4S, the Resolutimi Fire ('(Hiijiany aureed to n'eo.iiiii/.e the ineinhers of the 
(iood Will Fire ('mii]iany as associate and cmistituciit inenihers of this coni|iany. they eoiiseiiting 
thereto, til eiijiiy all the |iri\ ilcLii's ami he sulijcct to all the duties nf this emii]iany. 

''Second, //csii/rcf/, That the united nicniln'is lie divided into three sections ; that the dntv of 
No. 1 section, on the alarm of lii-i', he to take chaiLic of the Ilesoliition lire eiiirine ; Nn. '_' to take 
ehariic of the (!ood \\ ill cni;ine ; No. ;> to take cliaiL;!' of Ihc huse carriaiics and a|i|iaratus." 

As a matter of fact, the (iuud Will Fire Cmniiany was formally ori;ani/.cd on the twenty-fourth 
of Jaiuiary, 1S4S, hut haviiii; liei'onic au.xiliary to the Resolution Fire ('mn|iaiiy. dates its orLranization 
from Fcliriiary tth, l>!n4. I'i-c\ious to this m-L;aiii/atimi a iiunilna'of i;ciitlcnieii h.id funned llicin- 
selves into a conqiany, calliiiL; tlu'inselves the (iood Will Cmnpany, and iiseil the old Inicket cnuiiie, 
as it was eallcd. this liciiit;- the same engine that had fmnnrly hcenused hy the Resolution Company. 

Charles Mmii-c jircsidcd at the iiici'tiuu held in the ('itv Hall on the tw cnty-fmnlli uf .l:iiiii:ir\'. 
184S, and I'ctcr I!, (icary acted as Secretary. M this mcctin.i;- Charles .McM.rc, William 1 ). .McClain 
and l}eii,iamiii K. .McClurii; were a|i|iointi'il a committee to draft a constitution and hydaws. 

At a mcctiiiL; held (111 the fmirtli of k'cliruary, k^4's, a cmistitiuimi and hydaws were a(|ii|iled. 
This meetiu.u' was held at the printing' otlicc of Ik V. ^'al•(l. The followin.ir persons siiriied the 
constitution: Charles Moore. .h>hii .McMihior. William Ik McClain, lleiijamiu K. .McClurir, David 
I'ullcn. I'ctcr Ik (learv, .lames F. Stai-in, (lcor<:c I'k Curslys, Richard Calli^, .lolm .M. Tunison, 
Jacoh S. ^'ardaiid .\aron I)aiisliury. 

In .Vuuust. ISoO. the com) laiiv purchased a m w cnLiinc. The lirst cniiinediouse occuiiicd hy the 
Good Will Cmiipiuiy was situated mi Frmit street, iicai' Wilkiw. It was an old mie-slory house. 
The next house occupied hy them was situalcil ciii Warren sti'cet, mi the north side of Coleman's 
mill. This was also an nlil (iiic-stm-\- hmisc. w ith two planks for a llom' to run the ciiLdnc on. .\n 
old stove was rnlled a'jainst llii' door foi- a lock. 

In ISd'.l a]iplication was made to Coinicil hy the comiiany for a new house, and in the same 
year one was hiiilt on Lafayette street, which at that time was considered a heautiful huildiiiL' for 
an eiijrine com]iaii\'. It occupied this house until l^iil. 

Before removing' thi'refroiii the company purchased a lot of land on Warren street, where it is 
now located, from Samuel K. Wilsmi. which was afterward conveyed to the city in consideration 
that the city wciuld put np a ikw house on said land. This the city a.irrecd to do, ami until it was 
completed the com]ianv housed its apparatus in a luiildint,^ owned hy Casper Maitimi. on South 
Hroad street. The (!ood Will ('om|iany was incorporated .lannary ;llst, k^ol. 

The original or<;anizei-s of the Ivi-lc I'irc Compan\- met at the house of .lohn Hutchinson, on 
Friday cveiiiii.<i;, the liftcenth of .lune, 1^21, and ailoptcd a constitution, which sets forth in its pn- 
amhle the i'ollowin.L' : " We, the suh.scrihcrs. inhahitanls of Mill Hill ami its vicinity, for the urealer 
.security of our own and oui' iieiLilihors' property from loss hy lire, do assoi'iati' and form ourselves 
into a com]iany to lie known and styled the Ivi^le Fire Company of .Mill Hill." 

At their lirst meetin.ii the followiinr otlicers were elected : (iideoii II. Wells, I'resideiit ; Lewis 
Evans, Vice President; Thomas W. Morgan, Secretary; Jesse Redman, Treasurer; Roliert 



112 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 

Cliaiiiliers, Iiis]ic(t<ir. Tlionias Deartli and Welling Xa])ton won- I'krtcd Enj;inecrs, and John 
Mount, Jaculi JJainn, WoUa.ston Redman, Robert Chambers, James Hope and Fairfax Abell, 
Assistants. 

On the twentv-sixth of February, 1S?>0, the comjtany was ineorporated. The cajiital stock was 
82,<)(M). whirh was afterwards, by a suiiplemeiit aii])roved Marrh 11th, 1.S04, increased to ?S,000. 
The house of the eoni|ianv was a small, one-story buildinir, about sixteen by thirty feet, and 
loeat('d on the lot wliere the Court House now stands, and in front of the soutlierly end of it, on 
]!road street. North of the enirine-house, and a<ljoinin,L' the same, tlu' hooks and ladilei-s were 
located. In .Vuiiiist. lN.")(i, it was |ini\ ided tiiat the com])any shoidd meet in the lower story of the 
Mill Hill school-house. At this period the c()nn)any's motto, " Kliieient .\i<l," was ailopted. 

Mav Hd, IS-Ji), it was ordered that the members of the eomjiany eijuip themselves witli hat 
and cape at a cost of Sli. •")(). Device, a sjiri^ad eaiile on hat, w ith the figures " IS-Jl " and the letter 
" J-y on the l)ack. 

The engine-house was removed from the .\cadcmy. and ,n small house erectc(l on .Market street, 
near Jackson, which the i-ompany i-onlimicil to occupy until the city built the present house on 
liroad street, in ISoN, which was dedicati'd .luly oth of that year. 

In INoil a dilliculty ot-curred in the de]iartment in conseipience of the Hoard of Engineers 
numln'ring the <litferent companies. 'I'hosc in Trenton ]iropcr were given tiie tir>t numbers, and 
those in that district which had been annexed were mnnbereil last. This creati'd consideraiile dis- 
satisfaction among the companies atl'eeted tlun'eby. The ICagle Com]iaiiy rebelled, on the ground 
that its rights were interfei'cd w ith, and this was carried to such an extent that the Sheritf closed 
n]i the house, levied on the property and soM the hose carriage ami other jiroperty at pul.ilic sale. 

The Hclaware Fire Company was ])roliably organized ])rioi- to April .")th, 1S21, for npon that 
date is found in an old mhiutc-book of the companv an actual list of the members. The eom|iany 
was incorporated in January, IX>'>'.'>. 'l'\ic engine-house at that time was a small oiu'-story frame 
buililing, situated on the southerly side of what is now Bridge street, near Warren. It was long 
since ri'nio\cd to make wav for other improvi'iuents. 

During the month of starch, ISoli, the company bought a new hand engine, made by Button, 
of Waterford, Nt'W York, for !?1,100, and at tlie same time jiurchased another engini'-house, which 
was lo(.'atcd on the north siilc of liridgc street, near Fair. In the fall of b^(>N the company left 
their Iniilding in liridgc street and occujiieil the new engine-house built by the city, in Warren 
street, just above Hridge. 

A great number of lircs ocitiircd in Trenton in the winter of 1S.",S-.",'.). Although Trenton had 
a sullicient number of lire engines thciH' was room for improvement in the methods of carrying hose. 
To this I'lid. upon the 2")th of l<'cbruarv, l'^."!!*, a nuudier of gentlemen met at the house of John \'an 
Fleet, on Warren street, and the following was adapted : 

''Whereas, the numerous cases of fire occurring in the city of Trenton renders it nei'essary, 
and the undersigned, actuated !)y a sincere desire to assist their feilow-citizeus in the hour of 
danger,'' resolveil to form themselves into a eom]ian\', Ti'ciiton IJosi'. No. 1. 

On March .Sth, bs;;'.). the following olliccrs were elected: A. 1'. .\tkinson. President; George 
Furmaii, \'ice I'resiilcMit ; Charles C. P>ellerjeau, Secretary; Samuel !•". Hart. Assistant Secretary; 
(ieorge W. \'an Hart, Treasurer; Cliailes W. .lolinston. .lohn R. S. liarnes and Da\id S. .Vnderson, 
Directors. 

The organization being without a hose carri.-igc, a committee, consisting of licnjamin T. Howell. 
David S. .\nders(jn, .\. 1'. .\tkinson, 1!. W. l'"urniaii and (ieoi-ge \\'. \'an Hart, was a]iiiointed to 
wait upon the Resolution Fire Company, and reipicst the loan of tlii'ir hosi' t'arriage until one couhl 
be iirocured ; this re(|Uest was cheerfully comjilicil with. With the ])roper ajiparatus and a fidl 
complement of men, they were without a hose-house, and the members were eompellecl to hold their 
meetings at private houses, hotels, auction-rooms, or wherever they could find a suitable room for 
the purpose. In the coiu'se of a few months they purchased a new hose carriage, and secured a 
house in Warren street, opposite the 'i'hird Presbyterian Cliuivh. This liousc atfordeil scarcely 
room enough to acconunodate the members and hose carriage at the same time, but by using the 
carriage as a presidential chair and for seats, it was consiilered sullicit'ntly large. 

The Harmony Fire Company was organized May 9th, 184!). The first meeting was held at the 
house of I)aniel T. Ijcllcrjcau, in Warren street, above the feeder bridge, for the purpose of fornnng 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



113 



a iivo coniiiany in tlic iinrtlicni pari nf tlir city. Ivhvard II. Ilrown was rhdHoii Cliairiimn. and 
Cliai-lcs I!. Faussctt. Sci-rrtary. It \\a-- rcMihcil •• tliat tliis iiici-tiiii;- liclicvr it tu lie rssriitial to tlir 
citizens (if till' unrtlirni part nf tlic city In lia\-c a tii'i' ciiLiiiir. as all llic caiLiiiics arc situated in the 
lower ])art uf the city." A ci mini it tie was a |i| minted tu snlicit the aid ol' the citizens fur the |)Ui'iiiise 
of purehasini: an eimine and house. ( )n ihe second of Manh, 1 s.'i."), the coni|j;ni\' hecaine incor- 
porated. .\t the nieetin- of .luly -JUth. IS'iT, they adopti'd as tlnir uiotio ■■ We Strive to Save."' 

The ilarniouy ('oni|iany conmieuced erecting; its lirst huildiuL; at the forks of Warren and 
iiroad. This was soon ahandoneil. :niil the coiii|iauv llnalh' lieeaine located on I'linceton avianie. 

In 1850, the Protection Hook ami Laddei- 
Company was organized and livi'd ahont lixc 
years. It was laru'ely composed of (lernian 
citizt'lis who wei'c mem hers of the licpnhlican 
IliHe.s. Their ]ii-o]ierly later came into the 
po.ssession of thedood Will ('onipan\'. 

The Ameriea Hose ('ompan\' wasoi-gaii- 
izeil -Tanuary I'.lth, IS.j'.l, hy nicmhcrs from 
the Ilaml-in-l land Fii'e Company, and was 
ine(.irporated j-'chruai-y lllli. IMiO. The cily 
erected for the company a frame liou>e in 
.MoutLiiimcrv street, near I'errw The house 
later occUJiied liv the comp.iiiw in I'eliv 
stri'ct. east of the canal, wa> huilt hy tin- 
city in ISTO. 

On Septeniher '22(1, 1S7.">, in honor of 
ex-Chief William ( )ssenheri;-, a hose com- 
pany was organized which adopteil his name. 
After heing furnished with a h.aud carriage 
it soon adopteil a horse carriage and liecame 
thoroughly well eijui]i]ied. 

In lS7-">. the \\"ashington Hook and 
Ladder ComjiauN' was added to the list of 
Trenton companies. At this time the Treii- 
ti m Hose Com]iany ]ires('nteil the new i iigani- 
/.atimi witli hooks, ladders and truck. 

The Mutual l'"ii'e Company of ( 'him i hers - 
burg eanie into e.\istence in I's7<i a~ the 
town's needs demanded such a form of pio- 
to(-tion. The engini-liiiuse was located at 
the coi-ncr of Clinton and Annie streets. 

where there was a thorough eipiipment. The lii'st ollicers were Isaac Kouuer, I'resident ; James 
Wallace, Secretary ; William Donnelly, 'I'reasurcr ; David Haas. Chief, and the company consisted 
of aliout thirty-five active uiendiers. 

Cntil the yi'ar 1S4(>, Trenton had no regularly-organized lire departmcni. I'rior to this time 
each compaiiv acted independentl v, and local jealousies were rife. To |iroinote unitormity of 
action, an ordinance was jiassed upon the fifth day of May. IS Id. which provided that the dejiart- 
nient .should consist of a Chief Engineer, two .\ssistants. eiglit Fire Wardens and such liremen and 
hosemcn as were then or should thereafter hecome attached to the several lire engine and hose 
eoin]ianies of this city. 

The memhers of the several companies were to meet in .May of each year, at the City Hall, tor 
the election of a Chief Engineer and two .\ssistants. This ordinance not heing satisfactory, on the 
ninth of Octohcr, 1.S54, Council passed a new ordinance, which providi'd for a Chief Engineer and 
as many Assistants as there were companies. The Chief I'^nginecr was to have ahsolute control and 
command over all the engines and persons eoinieetcd with the depaitmeiil, and in his ahsence the 
Assistants were to act hy seniority. This ordinance, for a while, was satisfactory. 




Wll.l.lAM MtlJlJ.l.. ClIIKK ICxiilNKKR. 



114 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



Tliriiiiijli wlial was (•onsidcrcd Ky scmic of tlic ciiniiianics unwarrantiMl artinn on the ]jart of the 
IJoard of Engiiurrs in 18")!l, in iTgard to tlic coniiianii-s located in the soiitlicni part of the town, 
the ordinance hocanu' a dead letter. 

I |>on the .«iiirfrestion of the various conijianies. in ISliO, Council passed an ordinan<-e similar 
to the one of l.S.")4, e.\ee]'t that one of the Assistant iMiLiineers was to l>e located on the north side 
and one npoii the south side of the creek. On May 7th. 1S72, the apiiointnient of Chief and 
Assistant Kn_u:inecrs was taken from rc])rest'ntativcs of the coniiianies, wiiere it had, for years, 
lieen Iodised, and was vested in Common Couneil. 

In these earlier times, it is noti-worthy that philanthi-oiiic movements were on foot amonf: the 
firemi'n. 

On the twelftii of Novemher, IS.")."), a 
meetinif of the IJoard of Knirineers and the 
Presidents of the diiferent tire and liose eoni- 
]ianies was held at the Cnion enL;iiii'-liouse, 
for the [lui'iiose of orpuiizin^ an association 
under an act of the Lesiislatm'e entitled ''.\n 
act to incor|ioratc henevolent ami ehai'itaMe 
associations." apiiroved .March !lth, IS.")-'!, for 
the relief of the memhers of the fire dejiart- 
iiiciit iii-;^;ini/ed Under the ordinance of tlie 
cilv, who may liecomc sick or disahlcd in 
llic diseharj:e of their duty as lii-emen, ancl 
to |ini\idc for tlic diii-nl Imrial of such , -is 
mav die without leaving; >uHicient means for 
that |iuriiosc. 

The name adopted was "The Fire Asso- 
ciation [ill- the lielief of l)i.-ahled firemen of 
the City of 'ri'entiin," tn whiili ■' X'olunteer " 
was, in 1^7^. added lufoi-e iIk wnnl '■ fire."' 
The (illii-el's elected were .\. S. I.ivinirs- 

ton, I'roidcnt : .lonathan S. l-"i;-li. \'icc Fresi- 
ilcut : Charles Moore. Secretary ; .lo^cph (I. 
r.rcarlcy. Treasurer. 

I'ndcr the charter of 1^71. and for ten 
\-cars iheriaftcr. Ihcur^uth of thi' volunteer 
de])artment was very satisfactoi'y. ChanLTi's 
were, from to time, niadt' in the details of 
mauaLieiucnt ; a hclter class of eni;ines re- 
placed the old ones ; tln' electric system, with 
lii'e hoxes at various ])oints of the city, was 
]irojeeted. and the old-time feuds auiont;' the 
eompanies, which ])layed as i)rominent a j)art as friendship, grew less intense. The indiviilual 
heeame lost in the system; the rivalries for " first water, " racing and attendant evils slowly dis- 
ap}ieare(l, and the way for a paid department was slowly hut surely heing ])avcd. No marked 
changes occurnMl until upon the sixteenth of Ot-toher, fSSS, when the tire ordinance was revised. 
It provided for a Chief Engineer, two .\ssistants, a Fire ^\■arden in each ward, nine steam fire t'ngine 
eomjianies, two hose eoiui)anies, two hook auil ladder com|)anies. To each fire engine comjiany could 
lie attached not more than seventy-tive memliers, to each hose company forty memhers and to each 
hook and ladder company fifty mend)ers. The Seen'tary of eaeh company, in A])ril of each year, 
Avas re(iuired to tile witli the City Clerk a list of nu'nihers of eaeh company. A hiennial convention, 
in Ajiril, was to he held in tlie City ITall to elect a Chief l'>ngineer and two Assi.xtants, one of which 
must he a memher of a eomjiany north of the Assanjiink creek and tlie other south thereof. The 
ollieial title of the Chief and his Assistants was "The Board of Engineers of the Fire Dci.artment." 




I'JI.MU.Il-S S .Vt.l.KN, KlUsT .-VS-^ilST-VNT E.Ni.INKl I 



Thk c'ltv OF 'iM:kxt()>;. 



115 



Till' ( 'liict' iMiLiinci'i' liail |ivactii"il ccuiti'dl cif tlic ciiLiini's. (■iiL;iiic-liiniscs ami apparatus. 'I'lic ilutics 
(if tile Assistant iMijiiiK'crs and Fire W'anlciis were also drlincd, as wall as those of the lircnicn. 
('oiiniil a]ipni]iviat('il $1.S()() to cadi ruiiine company, §1, ()()() to cacli hook and ladder company 
and S'.KK) to each hose companv, with one 
hundred feet of new hose per ainiulu to 
each engine and hose companv. 

On the fourteenth of May, ISS'.), the 
Hoard of Fire Commissioners was form- 
ally orsaniziMl, from which plan of pro- 
ccdm'c the pl-csellt paid lire dcpaitnient 
was I'Vohi'il. From the ninth to the 
(levcuth of AuLillst. IS'.IO, the volnnteei- sci-- 
vice was temporarily dishanded. owiiiL; to 
dissatisfaction nmoni; eialain of the com- 
panies ((inccrninif the anmnnt of nionex- 
paiil fur maintenance. .\ paiil ilepartmciit 
tiileil over the ilillicully. and the companies 
I'esnmcd duly nii the assui'anccs that a 
permanent paid department slionlil not he 
organized hefori' .lune. IS'.il. I'.y IS'.il. the 
tire alarm te]et;raph servici-. aftia- mori' than 
ten Years of development, was lifouuht to a 
marked dejiree of jicrfection. Foui' eiicuits 
wia'c then estahlished. 

An attempt was made to otahlish a 
paid department in Trenton under the act 
of ISSi), hut as that statute was unconstitu- 
tional, the matter rcmaiiieil in ahevance. 

However, upon tlu' fourth of .\pril. 
l.S'.)2, the Volunteer Fire Dcpailnient of the 
city of Trenton hecame a cri'ation of the 
])ast and the new |iaid department went 
into operation. Since its uruanization, tin- 
paid ilcpai'tmcnt has liecume tlmroULihlv 

e(pii[iped. The engines and apparatus, the horses, the liouses and tlie typo of men selected 
foi' ardu(]iis duties, though various factors in the prohlem, are all of high standards. Trenton 

was proud —\cry proud — of hei- volunteer 

ilepaitiiK lit, and foi' tin- city, the paid 

dcpai-tmcnt is only adding new laurels 

to past achie\cm(aits. 

The present organization of the lire 

depaitment is .(. Henry Klein. Presi- 
dent ; l.ouis nielli, -Ir,. I'hilip l'"reiidcn- 

niacher and ileni\ ( '. Kafer, Commis- 

sioiici-s, and .1. \\'allai-e llolT, Secretary. 

The hcadipiarters are on i'erry, hi'twecli 

llroad and Warren streets, in the old 

Inion (aigine-house. The Chief i'ai- 

giiu'or is William .McCill; I'^irst .\ssist- 

ant Engineer, Charles S. .\llen ; Second 
I ., , M , I ,,. N,.,-., Assistant liingiiU'er, .James W. Bennett; cnws n ,. i . i-i ns.s,.,..^. 

Superintendent Fire Alarm Telegraiih, 
Charles C. l)rake; ^resscnger, Charles S. I-ong, with these engine companies: \o. 1 ((Jood 
Willi. Captain .raincs Xugent ; No. 2 (Jvigle), Captain Harry I'ennington ; No. o (Mutual), 
Captain Harry ihaker ; No. 1 (laherty). Captain .\lhert Scliuchardt ; No. ") (Harmony), 




.Tamks W. Bf-:xnktt, SKcnvn Assistant E-ViiNKi-.n. 





IIG 



TIIK CITY OF TRENTON*. 



Captain WaUn- T.anninft ; No. G (America Hose), Cai)tain Robert A. Ford ; Truck Cdinpany 
No. 1 (Washinjrton), Captain Charles A. Knol^lauch ; Truck Company No. 2 (Lincoln), 
Cajitain Ridianl .'^. Fearnlcy. 






■ ^i; 




The ex-volunteer (lei)artment niain- 
tiiins an existence, as follows: I iiioii. 
No. 1 (1747), rresiileiit, WilliMin 11. 
Skinii ; TR'ntoii IIo.se, No. 1 (IN.'Jsi, 
I'rcsiilenl, ( '. Harry Raker; iland-iii- 
lliiiiil. No. •-' (1772). I'lvsiilent, William 
iiaiirock : .\merica. No. 2 ( IS.')'.)), Presi- 
dent, Al)rani Cluunherlain ; Kagle, No. ."! 



CaI-IaIN llAIiH\ BltAKKK. 







C.\I*TAJ.N Ai.i;ki;i 



(IS21), Presi<lent, liolicrt S. W IrnlV ; 

Cood Will, No. ;; I 1S()4 1. President, 

i':iti-ick 'I', liurns ; l>chi\\;ire. No. I 

( 1S21 ), President, .lolm I',. Wiii-ncr : 

Ilarmonv, No. I (JSI'.M. I'lisidrnt, .lolni 

Tavloi- ; Liherty, {'resident, iionis .1. 

l)icld ; ( )ssenl>erf;' Hose, {'resident, Tiouis 

Cooper; WMslnnj;;ton Hook an({ l,adder, 
No. 1 (1X7.'1). {'resident, ."-ielcion Steward: Mutual, {'resident, .\ndrew ('. Pi-ady : {.ineoin Hook 
and kai{i{er. No. 2. {'icsident, { ». '{". Wilteid)orn. with a N'olunteer Itelief .\ssociation and an 
Exempt {"iremen's Association. Tliere are sixty-tiiree lire a{arin telegraph stations in '{'reiiton. 




CaI'Tain CnAKLl-a A. KX(tBl.Ar( IT. 



CAI'IXIN Itll HAI{I> s, Fi: \HNI.F-\ . 



CHAPTER XIX. 




TRENTON'S M()Xr>[ENTS. 

The Shaft C<)MMEM(ii!ATi.N(i 'rnE Rattle of Tkextox — The History <iv tiii; lunicriov m- the 
Shaft FKo>r lS4o to 1.S9;> — The Coknek-Stoxe TjAYINo and l>i:iii( aikix — 'I'm; .Mi:mi:ki;s of 
THE Rattle ^Iontment Assoc iaiiox — The Swami' Axoel — The Sronv he Tino Olh (Irx — 
McClellax's Moxumext — The Washlxotox Moxfmext at Caow al auki,' I'mik — \'<ii.rNTEEi{ 
Firemen's Moxumext. 



TIE T>ri'()RTA\('E of fonnucnioratinu' tlic Imltlf nl' Tiviiton liy means of m suitaMc 
inouHinciit early i-oimricndiMl itself to the eili/.ens of New -lersew l'|Kin IniK'- 
Jieiidelice |)ay, ISt.'I, tile ilistinuuislieil I'liiled States Seliatol- IVoiii New .lei-scy, 
(iai'l'el 1). Wall, wrote to the Soeiety u\ the ( 'ilieilinati, urLiilii; Ihein to ereet "a 
inonuineiil to eoiniiienini-ate the vietoi'v gained hy the l!e\'ohitioiiar\' ariiiv under 
the eonnnand of ( leneral 
\\'asliin;^'ton, at Trenton, 
on DociMnher I'Cith, ITTfi." 
(lenoral A\'all was made 
chairman of a ('ineinnati 

eommittee, and he called the committee te- 

getlicr at Siiowden's Hotel. Ti-enton, on tlie 

sixteenth day of .January, isil. In tln' 

meantime a eonmiittee of tin' citizens of Ticn- 

ton, consisting of Henry W. (ireen, Stacy <l. 

Potts and Samuel R. (iummere, called a pulp- 
lie meetinf;; of the people of New .Icrsey to he 

licM at the State House, at Ti'enton, on Sep- 

temlier (ith, 1843, to take this suhject into 

eonsideration. As the result of these mectinus 

a charter was ohtaineil for ''The Trenton 

Rattle Monument Association," March >>tii, 

1.S44. The gentlenuai mentioned in the act 

of ineorjioration were the most |ii-iinMnenl in 

the State. As.sociate(l witii (ieneral Wall were 

ex-(!overnors Dickerson, Williamson, N'i-odhi 

and PenniuL'ton, Chief .lustice I loiiihl.iw el- 
and his successor, lion. Henry W. (oieii, 

CoTiimodore Stockton and .lndg<' Stacy (i. 

Potts. Very little a|ipiars to liav<' hecn 

aceomplislied in this matter exce]>t through 




JUR lip! i 

BLA^,lt-l) 
llAT UNvl^r^f^^' 
AT TRtt 




OlFKIAL .Mi:iiAL 

OF rill': 

Tkextox 

I'.A riii: Ml 'M>n;xT 

Associ.vnox. 




the ])ersonal efforts and unwearied ]ien of Charles Chauney Haven, l''si|.. of Trenton, who. in the 
winter of l.S58-5fl, sneeeeded ill intcr<>sling a large numlier of prominent cili/.ens of the Slate in this 
j)atriotie oliject. On March Mh, IS.V.I, the Legislatm'e of .New .Icrsey passeil a supplement to the 



lis 



THE CITY OF TUKN'IOX. 




Itr.IlKF Pin>K.NTKU lU I 11 h O .,M M. .\ H l-..\ i-ll I .Pi 1 'l .N N.- V 1. \ A M A. 



ni-ijiiii;il cliarlcr of tlic atisociatiiin, whicli sui)i)lciuont clianged the lunm- in tin- •Xcw Juiscy 
Mdiiumciit Associatidii," and added as luw r(ir|Miratiiis to tlu' art two jrentleiiien from each of 
tlie several counties of tile Stale, witii the exceiitiuii of MiTcer county, and from that county 
thirteen additional men were added to the association. .Vctiiif,' uniler this statute, t'ommodore 
Stockton was cleete<l President, Mr. Haven N'ice I'resid<'nt and (lencral .\,i!'ent, Thomas S. ,\llison 
Secretary and Thomas .T. Sti'vkcr Treasurer. ,\monL;' the memhers of the a.ssociation may he 
mentioncil William L. Dayton. I'hilcmon l)ickinson, I'etcr 1). N'room and Thomas .J. Strykei', 

whose sons have taken up 
the Work of their fathers 
and have pushed it on 
to success. Durinj,' the 
>piiiiL:' ami summer of 
1 s.'i'.l. s u h s e r i p t i o 11 s 
amountiiii;' to mure than 
.■^11.0(10 were oht.-lined 

fiiim the citizens of .New 
.hrsev. and ahout S7">l) 
of this amount was col- 
lected. On .July llh, 
I>^'i'.l. a mectiiiL;' tnnk 
place at the hotel of Dr. 
.JMline. ill Trenton, for 
the |iiirpo<e uf takiuii 
measures to interest the 
people iif the Stale. .\ll 
address was |irinled and 
widely cireulated .VuiiUst 
l'2th 1S.')9. 1 11 .laiiuarv. ISCiO. a desii;n for the monnment was adopted, ami twn hundred and 
tiftv litliotrraiihie prints tlnreof were issiU'd. (In .May l!."i|Ii, ISCid, aiiollier address wa~ puMished 
makiiiL' an appeal for suhsia-iptions. and mi .laniiary IStli. 1 SiU , a mcmnrial wa-; addresseil to the 

heirislature, askin.i;- for an ^ ^^^_^_^^^____^___^_________^ 

approiiriation. Duiim;- all ^^^^^r " -• ' ' '^ 

the years of the Civil war 

tlu> ass<iciation continued to 

hold annual meetings, and 

this continued until the 

<leath of Mr. Ha\'en. who 

for so maiiv years had 

worked enthusiastically for 

this ohjcct. The expense of 

these meetings, of iirintini: 

and of the solicitors in 

Iraxclini!', ap])cars to have 

entirely ahsorhed all the 

funds collected. 

On May Ttli, 1SS4, a 
cliarter was ohtained for 
"The Trenton Battle ^hmu- 

ment .Association." an<l the first meetilli; of the Directors was held .May llJtlj. On Dcccmher 2Sth, 
iNSd, the jirojicrty at the junction of Pennintrton, Princeton and lirunswick avenues and (ircene 
and Warren streets was ordered to he purchased. On April 1 llh. I's^?. the Le.uislature of New 
Jersey passt'd an act nialdnir an appropriation of Slo.OOO. On .Maivli ".d. 1*<1I1. the ConjiTcss of 
the Fnitcd States jiassed a hill ajiiiropriatiiij: So(J,()()(). On July ".d. D^'-'l, it was reported that the 
citizens of New Jersey liad jiaid to the Treasurer of the association more than 81-'),(K)t), which 
amount made hoth the State and (iovcrnment approjiriations due and payahle. At a meeting lield 





Rei.ikf Puf>iKN"Ti-:n nv TiiK CiiMMnNWKM.'rii OF Xkw YonK. 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



ll!l 






in the Stale lloiisr. April ('.III, 1S'.)|, a dcsi-ii fxcrulcd l,y Mr. .loliii H. jtuncaii, uf Xrw ^'urk City, 
was ailciptcMl. On tlir at'tcriiiiini uf SrptciiilKi- 'JIHli, IS'.'l. llic Lirniniil cm wliich the iiKHiiiiiKiit lias 
li<'fii t'ri'ctccl was Krukiii liy tln' I )iri'<tipi's of (lie assuciatidii. ami tlic Imiiiilatiiiii was luiiiniiiii'i'il 
Odolier 22(1, IS!)]. 

On till' twrnty-sixtli ilay uf Dii-ciiilicr. IS'.)], tiic niic liumlrcil ami lirticiitli aiini\ ca>ar\' of tlic 
battle, thf conrcr-stdno of the imiiiunioiif was laid willi int<'rcstiiiu ccrcimiiiics. The ( 'niiiniittrc i>f 
Avranuciiirnts liaviiiii' cliari!-!' iif the cxci-ciscs tlial day (•iinsist(.'(l (if Thdinas S. (;iiaiiili(,'rs, lliijili II. 
llaiiiill and William 1 1. Skirni. 

TIr' jirdgraninic at tlu.' sitcnf the inomiincnt, at twelve ()"cl(ick ikichi. was : Prayer, liy tlie I!c\-. 
J(.)hii Dixon, I).l)., ]iastor of tlie I'irst Preslivterian ('linnli of Trenton, ortiani/.ed in 171'.!; Con- 
teiit.s of Box for Corner-Stone, read hy His lloiior |)anie] .1. Ilieliiel. .Mayor of Trenton : Laying of 
the Covner-Stoiie. l>y His Kxcelleney I.emi .\liliett, (iovernor of .New .lerse\- ; National Salute of 
forty-fottr uiins ; ,\ddress by (iovernor Lecai .VMiett. "New .Jt'i-sey. the liattle-Croinid of tlu^ Revo- 
lution;" P.enedietion. by tlie lit. UeV. Mieliael .1. (»' k'a irel I . Pii^llopof Trenton, 

At the conclusion of these exercise^ tlie New .Jersey Society df the Ciiieinnali, the New .lersev 
Soci(.'ty of the Sons of the Anieriean Rex ulnlion and the New .b'lsey Society of the Sons of the 
1! e V o 1 ti t i o n, [lartook of 

luncheon at tin.' .Masonic i^Tri i jir^snFTTiTgMliBiiSNJ^^s^-^,^?:: "-y-'- :?.-^-..-r^'g?-.-" 
Tcmiile. the American .& . 'CffPWRiiWWJ?^iP ' '~ ' "^^ 
House and the Trenton 
House respectively, and the 
followin.i? o-entlcnicn re- 
s]ion(lcd to toasts on tli.at 
occasion : < lo\'einor Leon 
Abliett. Hon. Ccor-c M. 
liobeson, (icncral Hoiac !■ 
Porter. IIoii, .bwepli I ), 
15e(lle, Hon, Samuel 11, 
drey, Colonel .Vsa llird 
( lardiner, 1 ir, .Vu^tin Scott, 
i;i-lit Rev, .Michael .1, 
O'k'arrcll and (Icrici-al Wil- 
liam S, Stryker, 

At four o'clock a vast 
asscml)lai;e was ti.athcrcd in 

Taylor ( Ipera Ijonse at the eommcniorat i\c exeicise- of the day, held undei- the auspices of the 
Trenton Rattle ^blllUlllelll ,\>-(iei.ition, ,M.aior-( leiicral William .1, Scwcll piisided and m.ade the 
o|ieninL:' address, which was followed liv acldi'csscs from Ihiii, .loliii R, Mil'lierson, (icner.il Ibiracc 
porter. Ceiieral \\'a;:cr Sw ayuc. (icncral (ieoru'c M. Itohcson and a historical papei- on the battle of 
Trenton by the President of the P>attle .Moniniient ,\ssociation. 

With iniposinji- cerenionies, upon the niiiclec nth day of ( >ctober, bst)."., the monnmcnt was 
dedieated in the |iresence of a vast concoui>c of people. The [iniur^minie for the day was a> follows : 

Music liy the band of the Seventh Rciiimcnt, .National (iiiai'd. 
Prayer by the liiirht Re\-ereii(l 'I'hoiiias \. Starkey. Rishop of Newark. 

Address by (Iciieivd Willi.im S, Sirvkei-, President of the Ti'eiiton P>at1le Monument ,\ssoci;i- 
tion — "The N'ictory at Ti'cnton, " 

UnveiliiiL' of the historical tablet ]irese]ite(| by the New .b'rscy Society of the Cincinnati. 

Presentation addres- li\- Hon, ('lilTord Stanley Sims. Pi-csidciit of the society. 

Accepted by 1 1 ugh H, llamill, l'>(piirc, of the association, 

Unveililifrof the statue of RIaii' .^b■( 'leiiachan. a soldier of the Philadelphi.i Ti("ip of l.iiiht Horse. 

Pr(.'sentation address by Caplain .lo^^eph Rapsley Wilson, coniniandiiii! ollicer of the troop. 

Acceptance l)y Hon. .lohn Taylor, of the association. 















IlEI.IlOF PHKSi;NTKIi \\\ TlIK ST.\TK Oi- CdXXKCTirt 




■20 



THK CITY OF TRENTON. 



rnvciliiiL' of tlic statue of .luliii Ihisscll, a snlilicr (if t'lildiid Joliii (Jlnvcr's Fourteenth Kegi- 
iiient (if tile ( 'iiiitiiiental J.iiie fmiii .Ma.«saeliU!<etts. 

Presentation address liy His Exeellency \\'illiani K. Tiussell, (lovernoi- of the Coninionwealtli 
of Massaeliusetts. 

Aeeejitanee hy 11 is Honor .losejili I!. Sliaw. Mayor of the city of 'I'reiiton. on hehaif of the 
association. 

UiivciHntr of the icHcf, "Tlie Continental Army Ci'ossing the Delaware,"' jiresented Ijy the 
Conunomvualtli of I'innsylvania. 

Presentation address hy His Excellency Roltert E. 
Pattison, Governor of the Connnonwealth of Pennsylvania. 

Acceptance hy lion. William T>. Dayton, of the asso- 
ciation. 

I'nveilint;- of the relief, "The ()|ieninsiof the Fight," 
lireseiite(l hy the State of New York. 

I'r( sentation address hy Ilis F^xcelleney Roswell P. 
l''lower. (lovenior of the State of New 'N'ork. 

.\ice|itance hy Hon. .1. Hart IJrewer. of the associa- 
tion. 

I'nveiling of the relief, "The Siu'render of the Hes- 
sians." ]iresented by the State of Connecticut. 

Presentation address hy His Ivxcellency Luzon 1!. 
.Mori'is, (iovernor of the State of Connecticut. 

.\ccc)it;Hice hy Hon. l''i'ank A. Magowan, of the asso- 
ciation. 

Poem h\' Richard Watson (iildcr. 

rnveiling of the statue of (icncral Washington, Com- 
mander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. 

National sahitc. 

Address hy His Excellency (icorgcT. W'crts, (iover- 
nor of the State of New Jersey. 

liencdiction hv Rev. Thomas Hanlon. 1 ). 1 ). 




In (Ic-crihing the monument it may he sai(l that the 
niemoi'ial cojunm stands at the jiniction of W'aircn and 
North I'.road sti'ccts and of Prunswick, Princeton and 
Pennington a\'cnues — a spot familiarly known as the l''ive 
Point>. 1 Icre Captain .Mexandcr Hamilton, of New "N'ork. 
opened his hattcry of tlic^ New York State Company of 
Artillery on the Hessian foe. 

,\fter thorough delihcr.-ition and an exhaustive s]iecial 
i-cport on the suhject hy three mendi(.'rs of the association, 
the design suhmittcd hy .hilm 11. Hunean, of New York 
Citv, was unaninu)usly adopted, and the nionunu'nt, with 
some slight alterations, has been completed according to 
this design. Tlie contractor was .hihn Pierce, of New 
York City. 

The style of the cohunu is that known as Roman- 
Doric. The base of the pc(lcstal is twenty-nine feet eight 
inches S(|uare, and on this ])edestal is a hollow llutcil 
column, the cap of wliich forms an ohscrvatorv. The top of the granite-work is one hun(lrc(l and 
thirty-five feet above the foundation, and witli the statue is one hundred and fifty feet above the 
street level. The foundation of concrete is nineteen feet deep, and the whole monument, includ- 
ing this foundation, weighs -1. III.;;?") pounds. 



9 



V 



'I'iiknupn liAiii.K M"»M mi:nt. 



THE CITY OF TItKNTON. 121 

The shaft is of white 'Ma'uw granite. It is liiiisiicd in ti'ii-ciit work. The pdh'stal is made 
partly of the same material as tlie sliaft and jiartly of a (iarker-eulniT.l stone, to L;ive more a|i]ian-nt 
solidity to tile hase. The liase of tlie struel\n-e will eventnally In' line-cut to eorre>|joiid with the 
upper ]iortion ; l)Ut from the present unpi-otcvted jx.sition of the nioinmii-nt, it was deenieij hy the 
association a necessary measure to leave il rock face. The interior of the pedestal is <'rnr-irorni in 
sha]H' ami is nineteen feet three inches across the wi<lcst pai't. The three niches thus foiin.'il arc 
linislied as rcli(iuaries to receive such valuahlc historic tidphies as niav he pi-escntcd lo the 
association. 

< )n the fop of till' c(. Inn ni is a 1 iron /.e statue of (I cnci'al Washington, standing as he appeared at 
the hcMininmi of the hattle. ^lass in hand, surviying the llyiii'..: Hessians, and then with e\niided 
ri.uht arm pointing- down Kinu street, now Warren -ticct, in the direction he wished Caplain 
HannltoiTs hattery to oi>en ujion the foe. lie is represented in the full uniform of a ( oiitincntal 
Ueneral ollicei-, an exact reiiroduction of the uniform W(Ji-n hy him at Ticnton. as shown in the po|-- 
trait hy Colonel Trunihull, ])ainteil just aftei- the hattle. 

The statue was desij^nied hy William IJudolf ()'l)onovan, of .\c\\ ^'oik Citv, the cclehi-.itcd 
sculiitor. In this statue of A\'ashin.uton will ln' found tlii> m.Mturest ami hcsl outi'omc of all Mr. 
O'Donovan's literary and artistic study of the personality of his suhject, which was not poi-ti:i\cd 
in any complete sense hy any one of the artists of his time. In this statue the sculptor ha- t.ikiii 
from the iiortraits of Stuart, Colonel Truniliull an<l from the statue ,,r lloiidcn whati'vcr he Ihouiiht 
truthful in the liuiit of tlie knowdedue given hv the life-east. 

The statue was cast at the National Art Foundry, of New York, owned hy Maui-ic-e .1. I'ower, 
as, indeed, were all the statues and relit'fs on the nionmncnt. 

At one side of the doorway of the monument, appidprialely guardini: the entrance, stands a 
hronze statue of Private .John liussell, of Captain John Sclniini's company of the i'^ourtcenth 
Regiment of the Continental Line, oi-gani/.cd in .Massachusetts hy Colonel .lolm ( do\-cr. This 
regiment distinguisluMl itself hy aiding the .\mei-ican army to escape over the Fast ri\cr to .New- 
York (.'ity after the hattle of r.,ong Island, and again in the hisloiic crossing of the l>cl;iw:ire i-i\cr 
on the night hefore the hattle of Trenton. This soldiei's likeness is taken from a nu'dallion, 

executed in Paris, France, after the war, when he was in that city, having crosscil th -can as 

captain of a sloop in the merchant service. He is represented in the uniform of that sjilcndid 
reginuait of Marhlelu^ad tishermen, as worn in Decendier, 177r> It is placed (jn tin' monumcnl li\- 
the jiatriotic action of the Commonwealtli of .Massachusetts. 

( )n the otlua' side of the dooi'wav is the statue modeled .iftei' a likiaic-s of Private lUaii- 
McClenaelian. of the Pliiladel|ihia Ti-oop of j,ight Horse, which troop totjk pai't in the hattle of 
Trenton. The ti-oop was eonnnanded hy Captain Samuel Mori'is, ami after its service in the winter 
cani|iaign of I 77ii-77. the ( 'onnnander in-( 'hief wrote them the following letter ; 

■■The Philadelphia Ti'iiop of Uglit Horse undii' the command of Caplain Morri^. having ])er- 
foi'mcd their Toui' of iliitv ai'c discharged for the pi'esi'iit. 

"I take this ()pportunity of rctui'ning my most sincere thaid^s to the Captain and to the 
(icntlemeii who compo>c the 'i'roop fo|- till' nian\' essential Scrvdees which they have rendercil to 
tlieir Country, ami to me pcrson:dIy iluring ihc Coinsc of this se\ia-c Campaign. Tho" com|io-ei| 
of Gentlemen of Fortune, they have shewn a nohle Fxamplc of discipline an<l suhcu-dination, and 
in several .\ctions have shewn ,-i Spirit of I'>ra\'ei-y which will ever do Honor to them and will ever 
he gratefidly rememhered hy nu'. 

"Civen at Head (Quarters at 

" .Moi'ris Town this li.'ld .lan"y, 1777, 

"do. \\'.\sniN(:ToN. " 

it is the gift of the troop now known as the First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry, an organi- 
zation whi(;Ii has existed since the UcN'olutionary period. The two guai-ilian statues are also tlic 
work of Mr. O' Donovan. 



TIIK tiTV OF TinCXTOX. 



123 



Oil the iKirtli side of the hase of the iwdcstal is an historical bronze tal)lct, i)rcsontcil hy the 
Siicictv of the Cincinnati in New Jerse^v. Tiie inscrijjtion is in these words : 






lrliOiVlOMlM:i-Mi.j| 
TM?: Tn£JvrrQMr5/\f-rLE^/(f)i[ 
'rOCOMMPMOflAIET: 
C/mW BY Tfj£ AMEf l[Ci_ 

ovefrrrr FOficEo or Q\m 

llMTrinTOWM OlMTrE 20Tri DAT Of^ 

AiMi'lO DOm 



niTAIl\( 

" n77e 




Tile fiilldwini:' .-n'r the nn'mlicrs of Ihc 'I'lcntnii ilattle .Nroimnient Association : 

Gjcmokai, William S. Stii'ikici;, I'rcsiilfni, CoLomol Iv ki'okh y\tni\i\:, SicnUirij, 

('oi.oxEL S. ^[i;ki>;|]H 11 {(kkinson, Trfiixinrr, 

Ifo\, (lALKirr 1>, W. X'l.'ooM, Hon. William S. ^'aiih. 

('oLiiMJ, 1'lloMAS S. ("llAMIiKltS, I|ii\, .1. IIaLI' 1 ! I: LW IOK, 

Ilnai 11. Hamill, 1']si;., Hon. .Ioiix Ta-iLoi;, 

■ loiLN l;. ]'^i:i,L, 1'"S(;., Hon. I'^KA.NK A. M.\i;oWA.\, 

Ho.v. William L. I'.wto.v, Hon. .hjiix Uriiost, 

r>.M:Ki;i,' Or.MMEiM';, l']si^, Coi.o.M'i. William II. Skii:m. 



TlIIC Sw.\MI' iV.NI.iJOL. 

Tlie history of the urea t nun wliicli stands mounted at the easterly lerniinus of Perry street 
has been so often tolil — and ineui'i-eetly — th.it the facts hcriAvith jircsentcd ni.ay lie said to be linal. 
They are deri veil from the "('eiitiiry War r.ool<," \vliere they an' first tolil by the distinguisiied 
historian, Adjutant-( leiieial William S. Stryki'r, who was Aide-de-C'anip to Major-(ieneral Quincy A. 
OiUmore durinfi; the sicfre of Cliarh'ston. 

The first attack on Fort Sumter marke(l (he beginning, and the second and third lioiiil)ard- 
nients the middle |ieriud of the Civil war. Morris Island and l'"nlly Island, two low sand-reefs, 
constitute the soiitlii'ily bmmds of the outer liarl>i]i- of the city of Charleston. 'i"he I'nion troojis, 
under Major-(;eiieral (jiiincy A. (dllmore. on .Inly lOtli. 1S6.3, eai)tured a large portion of Morris 
Island. altliMiii:li the C.iiifederate forc<'s still held Cummings' Point Battiaw and Furt Wagner on 
that part of Morris Island nearest I''ort Sumter and to Charleston. Examinations of tiie topography 
of the location tended to show that o|)erations against Charleston eouhl be conducted. I'pon the 
morning uf .Inly Kith, Colonel ivlwnrd W. Serrell, aeeompaMied by Lieutenant Natlian M. Fdward.s, 
<arrying a plaidv, started acro.^s the marsh to secure a ]iosition from which lire <'oul<I be opened 
upon Charleston. When the mud would not bear them they sat on the plank and pushed it for- 
ward l)et\veen their legs. When again the soil appeare<l stilfer they carried the plank until they 
reached the soft mud again. And so the lirst examination was nunle in open view of four Con- 
federate foi-ts and eleven batteries, and on a day of most intense heat. Ilowcvi'r, a spot was found 
where the iiiud seemed of less depth, and wdiere the city of Charlestun could be distinctly seen. 
A jxisition was seleeted bv Coloml Serrell which was about 7,'.l()l> yards from the city. It was 
decided that such operations should be instituleil. 



1: 



HE CITY OF TIIKXTON*. 



Many siiuii(lin<is were made at variniis points, with a tiiirty-tndt iron rod, and the mud was 
found in j)lac-es to be twenty feet deej). Tlie swamp was covered with wilil <^rass, Imt this f,'rass 
had no sustaining power wliatever, and it was quite easy for men on a plank to start waves of mud 
across tlie surface of the marsli. A ])latforni was constructed and ])ih's of sand liags regularly laid 
were mounted on it. It was found that the jilatform held six lunidrcd pounds to the square foot, 
uniformly distrihuted, hvU at nine hundred pounds to the foot the i)latform sunk at one corner and 
the sanil l)aj.'s slid off and vanished in the mud. A story was current in the de])artment at the time 
that a requisition had been sent to Colonel Serrell hy some one more of a wit than an officer, in 
which a detail was called for of "twenty men eighteen fe(>t long to do duty in tifteen feet of mud." 
I'pon the second of August i)reparations were begun for cutting the timber and Ijuilding a 

trestlework roadway across the 
marsh. Tliis road, some two and 
a h;df miles long, was made dur- 
ing the following week. Then the 
ditiicult construction of the marsh 
battery was connnenced under the 
direct lire of Forts Haseall, Clieve.s 
and Sind<insand the other smaller 
( 'onfederate workson .lames Island. 
Till' foundation for the real bat- 
tiiy was connnenced tmder the 
(liiTition of Colonel Serrell. bv 
placing two large platforms upon 
the surface of the marsh. Sheet 
|iiling was di'iveu to surround tlu" 
gun jilatform. Whrii this fomid.i- 
tiiin of jiiling had all been jircssed 
down intojilacc, surrounding what 
was to be the gun deck, a grillage 
of ])ine logs was bolted securely 
totic'ther, surrounding three sides 
of it. On this construction of 
cross-beams thirtei'u thousand sand 
liags, weighing over eight hundri'd 
tons, were ))laced, liaving l)eeu 
laii'itd from the camp of the Vol- 
uuteei- Kngineers across the trestle- 
work, and a ]iara])et with cpauli'- 
meut was Iniilt upon it. 

The streams and inlets of tlie 
vicinity were picketed by armed 
boats, so that soldiers at work in 
the marsh should not be surprised. 
On the seventeenth day of 
August an eight-inch tw(_)-hundred- 
])onn<lcr Farrott ritie gun was successfully transpoi'tcd over the marsh and mounted in tlie battery. 
It is well to mention that this gun never was used in lircaching the walls of Fort Sumter and the 
great three-lumdred-iioiuider rille gun which did such execution on that fort never tired into 
Ciiarlest(Hi. Wlien the gun had Ix'cn mounted in the "Marsh Battery" it was immediately 
christened liy tiie soldiers in the camp as the "Swamp Angel." 

Although on the twenty-first of August (iencral Oillmore sent to General Beauregard a demand 
for the innnediate evacuation of IMorris Island and Fort Sumter, no attention was |iaid to the notice. 
Upon flic niglit of August 21st General (iillmore ordered Lieutenant Charles Sellmer, Eleventh 
Elaine Volunteers, to take a detachment of his conunand to the battery and sight the gun just to 
the left of the steeple of St. Michael's Churcii, in Charleston. Colonel Serrell, assisted by Lieutenant 







The "SwAMr Anhki..' 



THE CITY OF Tl:i-:.\T()X. 



125 



Nathan M. Edward:^, had in tlic afternoon laid the liiir of liiv. Tlicy were kc|it in the hattci'v for 
over tlirec liouvs under a ti'eniendous tire from the eiieniy. wliile puttiiiL:' in I'anLie stakes to lire Kv 
in the iiiu'ht, as no jiarl of tlie city e.inld then he seen, 'i'jie i;ini was t:iven an eh'xatioii of .'!1° 'MY. 
At lialf-past one on the niornin.L;- of Aui;ust 'i^d. tlie tii-st shell witii pei'eussion fuse was tii-ecl 
from the ''Swam]) AnL;cl.'" The noise made hy hells and whistles in the middle of the niirht tolij 
the I'nion soldiers that the shell had fallen into theeity. Sixteen si,, .Us wei'e tired that earlv 
mornini;- hour. 

General IJeaureiiard wi'ole ( Jeiieral (dllniore, on the mornintidf .\ml:u-I l!lM. savini:' : " ^'oui' 
tirinu' a numher of the most de<trnitive missiles e\-er u>eil in \vai- into the midst of a eits' taken 
unawares and tilled with sleeping- women and ehildi-en will ;.d\-ey(]U a had laninenee in historv."" 
The General re|>lied, and on Auuiist 'iod twenty more shells fillei] with the ■•(dcik j-'ii-e"" were tired 
from the iiun in the marsh. Six of these shells expli ided in the Liim, douhtless -^horfeniuL;' the life 
of the jiieee to some extent, ('n the thirty-sixth disehai'ue of tin' •■Swain|) .Viiiiel '" the hreeeli of 
the ,i>-un just hehind the vent hlew ..nt of its jacket, and the '.^uii was thrown forward on the ])ara])et. 
The tiiin. as it appeared on the parapet. M'emeil to the Confedrrates as if in position for tii-ini;-, and 
a large amount of amnumition was exjiended upon it while they were in iuimranee of its having- 
hurst. No other .iruns were mounted in the marsh hatlery until Septendier 7th, when Fort Wairner 
surrendered to tin; Union troops. Then two ten-ineh seaeoast moiiai's were |jlai-ed there to di-aw 
off tlic tire of the hatteries on .fames Island. 

The '■ Swamp Angel " was purchased after the wai- with some condemned metal and sent to 
Trenton to lie melted, hut having l)een identilie<l was set up on a granite monument in (hat city on 
the corner of Perry and C'liuton streets. " The gun was cast at the \\'c-t Point l-"oundiy in \si\:], 
and was of a class nundiercd (i. It had u]ion its muzzle, W. I'. 1'"., No. (i, iMi.",, not Ki,.');; .\. .M, 
The regulation weight I'm- such guns was iri.."i(Hl pounds. Imt the exact weight accompanied each 
glut. The A. M. means Alfreil Morde<-ai, the inspector. The foiuidry nmnher of the gim was .'iS.")." 
Golonel Serrell says that the distinctive features of the marsh liattiry as a wurk of engineci-ing 
were "that the gmi jilatform was jilaced ujion a gun deck resting upon \ertical sheet ]iiling. outside 
and around Avhich there was a grillage of logs. If the gini and tin' other weights upon the gmi 
deck wen' lieavy enough to tend to sink within the mud. the weight upon the grillage in the form 

of sand in hags which formed the parapet and 
cpaulcment of the hattery hy heing increased 
<ountei-poi,~ii| the gun deck. It was sim))ly a 
force meeting another force of a like amount in 
an opjiosite direction. Tin' standai'd I'aiglish 
magazine '" iMtgineeriug '' speaks of the con- 
strtictiou of this hattery in its review of the 
<ipei-ations of the i'"cd<'ral and Confederate arn nes 
at the close of the war as one of the most im])ort- 
aut engineer woi'ks done hy either army. 

Xo one ohject in Triaiton, save the I>attle 
Monument, has hccn more conspicuous and 
more interesting to sight-seers than the "Swamp 
.\ngel." It is practically TreutoiTs ouly sou- 
venir <if the war hetween the States. 



TuK McCi.i:i,i,.\N Mommi:nt. 

In Riverview Cemetery, standing as a per- 
petual memorial of .lersey's liero, (iiiieral 
George 15. JleClellan, is erected a gi'anite shaft, 
forty-six feet high, surmounted hy an eagh' 
with partially-s]ireail wings. The idi'a of thus 
honoring him whom the soldiery of Ami'riea 
McCLELLAs- MO.SCMK.ST. y<^l'l»'l " I-'tt'*' ''^l^'^'-" '"iginated with the Hon. 




V2C> Till-: (ITV OF Tl'vKNTOX. 

irt'iirv V. Kclsc'V, Sucrediry of State, wlm, al'tcT yoars nf tnil. saw the cuiiiiilctioii of tliis work 
of art. This was in the year IS.SD. As.sociatcil with Mr. Kels,.y in tliis niovenicnt were 
A<ljntant-(!encral William S. Stryker, I'.x-C'oinptrollir l-Mward J. Anderson, e.x-Mayor (iarret 1). W. 
N'rooni anil (!eneral Kieliard A. Donnelly. The following device ajipears iijjon the four sides of 
the hase of the shaft: "(leorL'c Brinton IMeC'lellan, IJorn in Pennsylvania, December o, 182() ; 
Died in New .lersev, Octoher 21), ]SS5; Organizer and Commander of the Army of the I'otomac 
and ('onnnandinu' (ieneral of the Armies of the I'nited States; (iovernor of New Jersey, 187<S- 
ISSl ; ICreeted as a Trilniti' of lves](eet and .Vifeetion liy Personal Friends." 

The column, which is lluted for one-half its altitude, is thirty-four inches in diameter. Half 
wav lietween the llutinu' anil the top is a hand of oak leaves and acorns. On the four sides of the 
ca|)stone of the die, at the liase, are fittinji: ornaments denotiui;' the nnlitary rank of the idolized son 
of New Jersey. The total weij.dit of the monument is seventy-three tons, and cost 8S,()()(). 

The suliscri]itions to this monument were entirely of a voluntary character, and would have 
reached -SIC, 000 had not .Ml'. Kclsey driven notice that so much money was not rcijuircd. 



Tuic \\'a-i:im.iii\ Mom miint at ('ahwalaukk Paijk. 

To the west (if Cadwnlnder Pai'k, o\-eil(iiikinLi the liluff. is the Italian mnrlijc statue of (leorjre 
\\'ashin<;ton erossiuf;- the- Delaware. Thi' statue is fourteen feet in heiuht, which, with its |icilestal, 
L'ivcs it a total elevation of twenty-twn feet, and weighs seven tons. The statue occU|iied a promi- 
nent ]ilace in the Centemiial lv\| po-il ion. in Philadelphia, and soon after Cadwalader Park was 
opened. Common Council of 'i'reiiiini purchased it. This was with the idea that the statue would 
he I'rcctcd in the ]i;n'k. No action was taken until the month of .lamiarv, 1S'.I2. when the various 
councils of the .lunioi- ()r<lci- df .\iiiiriian .Mcrhanic-. dicidcil to pu<li the matter. 

Consci|Ucntlv a committee of three was appointed li\- each ( 'ouiicil. and a peniiaucnt ori:anization 
fornu'd l>y the election of the followiuL: : Pi-esiilenl, Charles 11. Clayton, of Mei-cci- damcil. No. oO : 
\'icc Pi'csidcut, ( Icoriic W. McFarlaud, of |-",nlerprise Council. Xo. (i ; Scci-ctary. .lames lC.(;ienn. of 
Nathan Hale Council. No. Nil; .\ssistant Secretary, l^lincr .lohns, of Coinniodoi'c Perry Council. 
No. SO ; Financial Seci-el;n'y. William . I. .\nderson. of Century Comicil. No. 100; Treasurer, Charles 
Slee, of Trenton Coumil, .No, HO. The I'eniainiii;: mem lie is of the lonnnittce are William II. .\I)hott, 
William T. P.lackford. of No. (\ : .\ndrcw P.ailcy. .1. Harry Wolf, of No. .Ml: Harry Naylor, Maliloii 
Funk, of No. SO; Charles Severns, Edwin I'. WyckolT, of No. Ml; T. 11. Ilcrion. Howard k'ni-ht. 
of Ni). '.10 ; William P>. ( iihson, -hisjier Scott, of No. 1(11). This committee appeared hefore the Park 
Committee of Common Council and asked perinission to complete the plan as oriLiinallv intended. 
The joint couimittee secured the I )istrict Court rooms in the Ciiv Hall. mcetiuLis were held, siihscrip- 
lioiis ohtained, entertainnu'Uts uiven and lahr a dedication of the statue was the roult. 



'I'm-: \'oi.r.NTKi:i: Fii;i:mi:.\'s .Montmk.nt. 

In commemoration of the services of the Cit\' N'olnntcer Fire Dcpai'tinent. the citizens of 
Trenton, in the summer of 1S!)2, erected a metal statue upon a hamlMime liase, which stands oppo- 
site the I'road street entrance of the City Hall. Fpon tlie liase is inscrilied : 

'' Trenton Volunteer Fire Department. Oriranized Feh'y 7, 1747. Dishanded .\pril 1th. 1S',I2." 

" ICrectcd hy the Citizens of Trenton to coniniemoratc the .'Service of N'olnntcer Fire Depart men 1." 

The liuurc of a lireman, heroie size, in re;rulation costume, with lantern in hand, liears in his 

arms the form of a rescued child. \ drinkiny fountain is a portion of the hase of this inonmncut. 



CHAPTEK XX. 




TiiK i;k(;l\m.\(;.s of thk r.nicK and l'()■^Tl•:l!^■ indistkv. 

Tatiiam's Kstakijsiimknt. Ids."— Thk McCi i,i.v< am, 'I'ukh: W,,|;k^— 'I'm.; Kaima' Days nv tiik 
1.\ti;i;j:sts Wiiini 'I"(i-|)Av Ivxisr — Jjuk ks am> tin: M\kin(. 'riii;i;i:iii— Tim-i; wiki wkiik 
Eakly Lxtere^tki). 



I^HK H-^TAIlLlSilMlOXT nl' llic |, ,tt tv iii-lii~f r\' al ■|'iviituii .Intrs frnm tlir earliest 
settlciiiciits ill (lie lil>(|-tii>, |iiTriiict^ ami juiisdicli.iii ul' l!ui-liii,i:tuii. in \\',>t .Icrscy. 
Tu l)r. DaiiieJCnxc. (if l.iiiiiluii, l'i(,|,ri(lui- in Hi,- W'r^triii Divisidii, is to l>r jiiviii the 
cicilit (pf liciim (iiic of tlir lii-st tu make white ware in llie Ciildiiie-. Tliniuuii .lulm 

'rathaiii, liis anient, wlmse residence in I'.nrlini:! -ily was ii(>tewurtli\- in e<ili,nial 

times. J)r. ( 'iiXe. siiinetinie 111 twceii |(;S|);ni(| HIS.'), ci-eeted a |Millel'Vat ])Ul-iillt;tnn 
city ur in its iieiL:lilii u-ImhmI. AltlinnL;li llie exact Idcalion uf this enterprise is 
unl<niiwn, it was |iniliahly in tlie vicinity of an ailjacent cla\- hcil. such a,- is lunml 
lietw cen rinrenceanil I Jei'i lent i iw ii. Tlie care a ml i-cscai-cli (if Mi-. .Inhn Met '(irniii-U. 
(if the Trentdii •■ l'(ilt(a-s' .Idnrnal," and tlie |iatient in\-estiiiatidns uf l']ihvin Atlee 
I'.arlier, uf West (_"liester. I'a., in ■•'I'lie I'lillery and I'drclain nf the Tnitcd St.ates." have even vet 
left this i|Uestii)n undecided. In the Udilleian lalir.iry, al Oxlurd. aic the n.iwlinsiin niannseript,- 
(c. 1"2S, i'dl. 89, h. ). fi-din which is the fdl|in\inL; transi ri | it iuii i Harhcr, I'lillcry and I'l :|-ce|ain. (.Vc. i 
relatiiiL; td tliis Cdxe |idttei-y. The ri'(i|iiietd|- wiites : •• I ha\-e ci'ceted a pdttery att Hurlini^tdii fdi- 
white and chinev wai'e. a L;rea1e (|n,-intil\' In ve \-,ilne uf iL'ni) li have .alreadv heen ni.ade ami vended 
in ye Cunnti'v. neiiihlidUi' ( 'dlunies .and ye Islands nf ilaihai li us .and .lainaica where tliev arc in L:real 
re(|Uest. I have twd hdiise^ .ami kilN and all necessary iiii|ilenienfs. divci'se wiirkeiiien and dtlna' 
servants. Have exiiended tlna-edn aliuiit L'oni) li.'' Thi- wa- in Ki.ss m- within a year (ir Iwd 
tlu'redf. l)i'. CdXe sddii decided Id (lis|id<e uf his inteie-ls in .\cw .lersey, and tlie "■ rrdpiisalls " (if 
his sale eile(l the alidve facts and the additiuiial iiifiiriiialinn that tiie "" divca'sc servants * '■'■• * 
have made a pi-c.atc iirdLrresse ill a i'littia'v uf While and ('hina ware." .Vssuraiiee.s were iniule 
that if the |idttel-y he ••well inanaucil will prdliahly liecvaa-y .VdvantaL'eiiUS ti) ye undertakers. "' 
The "jKitterv lidUSe," (in the fdlirth uf March. Ili'.M, jiasscd luider the cdiitrul of the " \\'est Jersey 
Sdcicty,"' a Liimliin assdciatiuii (if furly-eiLdit |iersdiis, whu lidULdit nearly all the ('n.xe interest in 
the Jerseys. It is ]irdlialile that little was ddiie with the iidttery after this date. Ill ir„S(i I),-. I>l,,t 
jiuhlislied tlie " Natural Ilistdryof Stall'drdsliirc. " wherein. descrihinL' lUirsleiii and its nianufae- 
tures, ffives a list of clays, which leails In the pi-esiiiii|iti(iii hy Mr. .\tlee that the "eliiney "' (if 
Burlinfrt"'! pottery was either a ereaiii-cdldi'ed 111- white stdiieware. it is imt known that a sinirle 
specimen of this Coxe jiottery ]ir(iiliict is extant, and im records have cdiiic down to us of any 
marks by whieli it eoiild he reeoLrni/ed. The i|Uaiiil •• Jlistorieal Description of the Province and 
Country of We.st New -lersev," jirinfed at London, KJil.S, hy (lahriel Tlionias, makes no mention of 
the jiottery, althou<;1i he deserihes ininutely the "(ireat and Stalely i'alaee ni .Inhn T'llihum Ksi|," 
Coxe' .s agent, eatalogninfr '" A'o.vr.s- I'l/lijis ./iiliz-Fliiinrs, Sim Floinrs :\])(\ ('(innitiniix'' in tlie ''very line 
and flehghtful Garden and On-hnrd adjoining to it." If the pottery then existed 'i'honias would 
certainly have alluded to it, with his love of detail. liowaAar, in his deseriiition of I'enn.sylvaiiia, 
the historian .says : " rottcrt have Sixteen I'eiiee for an ICartheii I'ot wliieli may he liought in lui;/- 
land for Four Pence." Tn Virginia and .\ew Voi-k the pottery industry was emliryotie, yet hopeful 



12.S 



THE CITY OF TllKNTON. 



for investors, and it is not at all ini]>nil)al)lc that journoyincn i>ottci-s, other than Coxe's "servants," 
had reached the Delaware N'alley. Hriek works had already l)econie one of the industries of the 
eitv of riiilailelphia. 

It is of interest to note in jiassinjr that durinsr a session of tin- T.effislattuv of West Jersey, 
seeond to fifteenth of ^hly, U>><'-'>. there was jiassed an act (('ha]itei- \'., |i. l")'.!, I.eannnjr and S])ieer's 
" (! rants and Concessions "' ) providiiiu' that liricks within the Province slmnld \<r made in imn-shod 
nionlds. 'I'l inelies in thickness, lA in hreailth an<l DA inches in lenutii, " well and nierchantahly 
liurned." Two persons were to he appointed hy the court to view hricks. Fines were to he 
inuioscd upon lirickuiakers for violating; this act. This shows (piite coinlusively that hriek-niakinj; 
was a recoiiuizeij industry in West Jersey. This, unfoi'tunately, is the only reference to the pottery 
industrv in tlie colonial statute-hooks of \\'est Jei-sev or New Ji'rsey. Anionir the few circunistanees 
preserved eoncernini.' the Coxc poliiiy. the ■•Court IJook." in manuscript, is of value. .\t a 
session lield in llurliuirtou city, liitli month, 'jnth to 'ilid days. l<i>>"). a suit was hroujiht concerninL:' 
wliich theoriirinal ('Utrv is ipioted verhatini. It demonstrates si'Vcral interestiuL' facts, anioui: which 
are that the pottci'V was in (jpcratiou as early as lliS.") ; ili;it an Ivlward liandall was a manair<'r, 
and nives the testiiuonv of two witnesses in relation to tlii< mattci'. 



) 






il 



" Janu'S Bud<l, plaint. 
"Kdw. i;an<Iall, deft. 
'■ .\c<'' on <l<'lit. ' 

"Tlic.lurv — Itohert Stac\-. .loualhan Wood, .[olm Ihuiiim;. .John iioi'iicr. I!crnai-d l)evinisli, 
Wm. Kvans, Koli. St\l(s. .loliu Itoarton. Nalhanicl W'l^t. .lohii ISrowuc. Uidiard Heritage, .lohn 
Iloilinashea<l. 

"Thedeeil oi' Indenture of atireem't hi'tweene I'lain't iV deft Read iV prii\cd. »^- also ye hond 
of Two Hundred pomids fi-om ye deft to ye I'lain't foi- p'rfornianee. also i-ead iV: proved. 

"Mary Ihidd .\ t t e s t ed 
>aytli that -hee heiui;- at Lon- 
don Kefori' \-e I)ef't cami> awav 



>hee was told liv an honest 
uoman theie who had some 
coUeerne amiini;>t ye {'otters 
at London that she feai'ed ye 
I'ott Wol'ks liel-e Would come 
111 tiotliiuL^-. for that tln' said 
del" I liandall iV \c other p'soiis 
who were to come to manajre 
ve same works had not skill to 

p'feet it. 

" Wm. Winn .\tlested 
5 saytli that hee can llnde noe 
( 'lay in the Countrey that will 
make white ware : .\iiil further 
siyth that I'Mward Kandall, the 
^H dift. i.- as Liiiod a workman as 
-lames Ihidil ye ]>laint can 
tinde ill I'jiulanil. 
'"The Jur\' hi-iiin in this dctei'iuiiiatioii ( vizt. ) wee can jzix'e iioe f\iiall ileterndnation of ve 







TlIK AUT III' TUK I'DTTKIC. 



matter until materialls rei|uisite shall come from JMi^land to pro\-e ve skill of yc deft. 

" Wiiereupon tin' IJench order that the said Jvlward Kandall minde ye Coucerne of the said 
James IJudd until fitt materialls he si'ut for from sui'h [ilaee in F^ngland ii.s yc said Edward Randall 
shall apiioint." 

Mr. .lohn MeCoi-mick, of this city, who has de\dted much attention to the history of the 
ceramic art in America, had the jj;oo(l fortune to interview the late John Stiles MeCully, and as a 
result the recollections of one of 'i'renton's earliest workers in clay were ]iuhlisheil in the '' Potters' 
Journal." Mr. McCully, who was horn in ITHH, gave it as his opinion that a hrother-in-law of his 



TlIK CITY OF TliKNTOX. 



129 



unrlc i-cntcil a part of the Cdwi'll rstatr. wIktc I'rtty's run crnssrs I'riminiitun avciuir, ami llicri-, in 
17>>-'>, ('stal)lislii(l the lirst |Hi|tiry in 'i'lTntun. 'I'lic year pri'vidus, Mr. MiCnllv's I'allicr, wlm was 
iif the .Mi-('nllys (if Ncwi-y. Inlanil, ihc laniily iniiiiralinu' tn Aniri-ica almul 1 7-I">. liail coinc tn 
Trcntiiu t'rimi .M>iunl Ijnlly, wlicrr tlicy hail sdllcil. 'V\\r I'enninutnn avenue e>Ialili<hinent was 
siilise(|Uently aliandunei 1, ami anullier |ic>tleiy was ereeteil in the I'eai- iif the old Lanih tavern, at tin- 
head nf Warren strei't. ui- i,n the sduth side nf Mmnniient I'ark. 'I'lie Imililer was .lii>e|ih .MeCullv, 
uncle 111' Jiihn. and tlie date 111' eiin-trneliuii was 17>^l. Aftei-ward the eldei- .\h('ull\- mnved tn 
Lawrence and wnrked in the small Hunt |iiitlciy uii the Uainluidue iilantation. 

It was in ITlt'.l that a puttery wa> located |iermanently in the c;i]iilal. I'lion the site ot' Uishnii 
Mc'Faul's residence, on WaiTcn street, the cjdei- Nht'ully liuilt the works, and had for his |iarfner 
Thomas .\[iner, an ancestor of ('ounseloi' Ivlwai-d W. Fvans. IJank street wa> i>|iened in ISl.'i. and 
the pottery was moved to wlid'c the Parochial School now stands. Here the .Met 'ullys cai'i-icd on 
the husiness until ISli's, when the late l-'athei- .Vntlmny Snntli honiihl the estahlishment thai the 
Cathedral ndulit ln' erected. ( )n llmuholdt .street li\cd .lohn l)avis, .Ir.. son of an old soldier, who 
resided in the "yellow house" on W'ai'reu street. I'.y a window sash struck with hullets in thi' 
l.iattle of Trenton, the eliha- Havis Icid a sit;n, " I'ye to live and li\e to dye." John Davis, Sr., 
deserted from the Uritish armv, and si.a'ved under .laekson at New < )rleans .and in Florida. 'l"he 
younger |)avis told some interestiuL; rcnnuisccni-cs of early iinttiu'j in thi< the Stall'ordshire of 
America. 

"It must he rememliered," said he, ■■that cail\' cla\-\\ orkini: in this city was extremclv 
]irinntive, and that the ware jiroiluccd was of the rudest type. .My father, who had a comp.-unon. 
whose name I thiidc was Samuel Calhoun, hoth potters, u-ed ouls' thc<)riental methods, as one 
reads of in the ISihle. Manual lahor \\as the standai'd, and the i-cd carthcnwai'c pie-plates were run 
on a foot-jiower wheel, no moulds hein.si' as \'et employed. l-dow er-pots wci-c .also made. The 
lilazinu. when used, was done liv salt, and the wai'c h.iked hy wond. Theie wa- no .-landard price- 
list, and waj^cs were for pici'c-work, a do/.cu glazed pie-plates hi'iuLiinu the employe a shillinir, if 
large, and .sixpence if small. In this coiniectiou it must he I'cmemhcie 1 that white i;la/,cd-ware of 
home manufacture was ipiitc unknown, and it wa< not until immediately hefore the llchcllioii that 
Trenton potters paid aiiv attention to ;i hitihcr clas- of Liomls. 

Triaiton was a natui-al potteiy ccutci- if the manuf.ictnre of poliery consist- of iiiakiuL;' the 
coarsest class of ware, such as \va< lii^st made. .\liuiidant common clay is in the \icinity. Such 
was the case at the McCidK- potteiw The evolution to Ihcpresiiit wa- \cry gradual. ( )ne of tl.i' 
links that join the |iresent iiidu>try to the past was the old City rottci-y, located on I'la^ry street, 
between Canal and Cai^i^oll. Culil \^'>>'<, this estahli-hment was occupied as a porcelain door knoh 
works. In ^s:,'.\ was connncnced for the lirst time the manufacture of white e;u^theiiware. while 
granite and (a'cani-colorcd wai'c. 

TheCdasgow I'ottt'ry, now owned hy the ^losi's family, was started in IS.')'.) as a yellow ware 
manufactory, whilst as early as ISo'J .l.ames Taylor and lliairy Speclci- cslahlishcil tiie lirst yellow 
Rockingham ]iottery i'\ei- huilt in this city. 

Theophile Frey, of Zuiic. Switzerland, was the first to introduce the art of decorating with 
gold and colors in Trenton. lie was also the first jierson who introduc-cd ilecorating C. C. ami 
granite in this cotuitrv. He lirst settlcil in Ilennington, X'crmont, and in ISo'.l <'aine to Ti-cnton. 

At that time the only potteries here were those of William 'I'oung, S|ieeler A" Taylor and 
Rhodes eV.- Yates, at the latter of which he introduced the art. He continued in the husiness until 
ahovil lS(;."i, when he rcliuiiuishcd it. 

In recent years, Trenton has amazingly developed her pottery resoiu^ces, until to-ilay no less 
than thirty potteries stand to her credit. 

The hrick elavs, whii'h form much of the hanks of the Jersey shore of tiic lower Delaware 
N'alley, early attracted the attention of the settlers. It is thougiit liy some that the Swedes and 
Duteii, hefore the English coiKpiest of KKW, made crude hricks in the vi<'inity of IJurlingtoii. 
During the colonial and Uevolutionary ].criods, tnidition has it that sporailic attcmiits were niadi- 
leading toward hrick mainifacture. These hricks were sun-drie.l. I'iiila.lclphia, which was early 
a hrick manufacturing center, supjilied that necessary article for Trenton's c'olonial mansions. 
The I'earson yard, at Attlehoro, Bucks county, was a source of supply for this <-ily, partieuliirly 
during the early part of the present centtn'y. 

K 



130 



THE crrV OF TRENTON. 



Bricks were iiiamif.icttmMl l)y oia- l"3iiily, wIki cmiiic here fmni duo rif tlic Eastrrn States al)out 
tlic year 1>!17. lie ciiiitiiiiicil tlu' liusiiicss several yeais. Alniiit tli(>aiiM- time Mr. .Iiiliii Siiiitli 
inanuraetui'eil a few iirii-i<s eaeii yearal)iiiit six miles imrlli df Trciitdii, mi the I'rineetnn pike. In 
tlie vear 1S'J4. Moruaii ileakes eummenced the iiianui'ac-ture (if l>rii-l\s in eniiiiretinii witli larmiiiir. 
Ueakes eiintiuueil tn nianut'aetiire aJKUit threi' liundred tliousaml l)rieks |iei- year until ahuul \s\-2 or 
IS-l;!, when he was sueeeeileil hy Samuel .Mult'di'il. who made ahdut lil'teeii hundred thuusaml |ier 
year Tor niie or Iwn years, when he failed in Imsinrss. Ileakes airain tmik the yaid. fni- ahunt a year, 
when I'etei- (Irim and (ie(iru:e I\ul|i took it ami eai'i'ied un the Inwiness (nie vear. It aurain fell intu 
tlie hantls (if IieaUes. I'eter and Daniel l-'ell ihen ti»ik the yai'd and eairieil it nn fni- ;iliiiut si.\ <ir 
seven vears, makinu' each \'eai' al"iiil eiiihteeii liundied thuusand hrieks. 

I'eter ( Irim and .Iii.-r|ili Ilymei- lainc tn Ticntnii fnim l'hiladel)iliia the year the |irisciu was 
huilt, and took the eiintraet fur furni>hinL.' Iwn millinii lirieks fm- the huildinu" of the State Prison, 
and eonnnenei'd to nianufa<-|ure them im what is known as ihi' llaydcii farm. They continued the 
Iiusincs^ there until l>^-'!7. Tln' |iartnerslii|i was dis^oKi'd hy the death of Ilymer. I'eter (liam 
then houuht the \i'\ at the inters<'elion (if ( alhomi and I'l nniiiiitoii streets, and mainifaetureil hrieks 
there until ahout the \iar 1^11 or l>>l"i. wlnii (irim A' Kul|i eaii'ieil on the luisiiiess on the Ile.akes 
])laee, and. at t he i\| lirat ion of one vear. the\' dissolveil. and I'etei- (Irim eommenee(| themanu- 
faettire of them on what is now known as W'ainw riL;ht's nur-ery. lie eoiiiinued there until he 
eonehideil thai the 1 msiness w as un|>rolital ile. Tin' manuf.aetoiy then eame into the |iossession of 
Ileiirv Niee and William Kini:. .Ml of these men. with the e\ee|ili()nof Samuel Midtord and 
.Moi'i;an I'x'akes. were |ii'aetieal lii'iekmakers. 

l'"rom stieli a lieiiinninn as this, the present luiek m.imifaituriiiLr industi-y has arisen. Thi' 
houois Ti-enton has won. not only foi- the (piantity, liut for the ipiality of hi-i- liri<-ks, have heeii 
Well merited, and tin- londitions of the |iresent lie-;pe,ik a prospei'ous futiu'e. 



^mm 




CHAPTER XXT. 



A r.iiiKF iiis-roi;^- c 



!•: cri'^'s TiiAXsi'oitTATKiN K \( 1 i.i'ri i;s. 




lldW Tkiintiiniaxs Tkavki.icii r.i:i'ni;K ■iiii: l!i;\iii,i iioN — 'I'ln: Sii \i,i,(ii's ami SrA(ii:s liKFomc •iiii-; 
1)avs (IF I!aii.i;(iaiis AXii 'riinsi; Wild CiiMu ( I i:ii 'riii;M — Tiiio I )i;i.a\\ \i;i: ami ItAiMiAX 
Canal — Till': ('a.\iiii:n ami Ami'.h^' ('llMl'\N^■ — Tiih: 1! ailkhahs Winch 1'"(iimi thi; I'iansvi.- 
\AMA SvsTKM — Till-: I'liii. \iii:i.i'iiiA AMI l!i:\iiiNi; I! mikhah — 'I'm: 1'"iii;mi:i: llm.'si: I.'xilwav 

AMI THE PlilCSKAT l<]l.Kl'il;ll liAll.liiiAll, 

II l*]N'r( )N, 1\ iliL^: nl till' licail (if lii|i'-\\:i((i- li|iiiii Ihr I )i'l:i\\ .■iic li\ it, :inil ll|iiin tin' 

\) L;rr;il Vimil I irlw ecu I'liihii lrl| ilii:i aiiil Nrw 'N'nrk. li.-i> rrmii it> inci| linirv licrH;i 

tuwii r(iiis|iiiiiiiiis .'IS :! rccriviiiL: .■iiicl ilislriliiitiiiL: cnitir. In il^ ciiluiiiiil riviT 

lin\iu;ilinli 'ri'ciitiiii u ns ncccssililr I'lir .■ill IIh' siiiiillcr crnl't siicli :is \-;iclits. si la Hups, 

;c-. ^^ .a -' slii(i|is ami >r\ iici's, ami rvcii iimrr ]iritiiitii ills vrssris ul' iiiir liiimh-i'i| anil liftv 

VSrK^P '" '^^" '"I'"'''''' t"'i^ liiiitlirii calm- to I .aiiil icfli ill uliaiAcs. 'I'lin uiliIi the Falls 

n^^W^ tlir nillhaiii li.ialsi-aii s| irnlil y .juwii tin' vIviT. 'I'lic .li'l'i iiTslilii; ( il' 1 lir liillsidcs 

(t) i <^ iif tlir ii]i]Mr licadwaliis ut' tlir l)ila\\arc liail mil tlirii iiciii cuiitriiiiilatrd ami in 

Q) ciinsc'iimTirc a Lircatrr \ulunii' uf walcr ami ninrli Irss ilctritiis |i.assc(| the citx-. 

Tlic cliainii'l at i'lTriwii: was niurc ii|i('ii, niakiiiL; llic tuun IVccr nl' avcrss. 

r|iiiii tlir liiL^liway 'rrciifiiii liad ilincl ci mini nnical imi w il li riiilail('l|iliia ami New ^'ll^k ami 

iiiciijinlalh w it li tlif scttlciiirnts at Fallsiiiiituii, I'.ui-ilrnluw ii. riiiilinutnii, (liistrrlirlil, AllcntnwH, 

Miinimiiitli Cciiii't lliiiisr, I'riiicctiiii. Kinn'stiin, Aiiiwrll. 1 li ipcw rll, ami what latiT liiTanic ICwiiiir 

ami l.aniliiT'tx illc. 'I'lic iicar-liv plaiilatinns were ilinitly ilc']irmlrnt iipmi 'rrciitun. 

Ill tlir uriLiiii uf 1 1 II till II Is III' lam I tiaiis]i(ii1atiiiii tlic | lark-lmrsc L'a\ r way tu tlic slairr-cci.Ti-Ji, the 
sta>.'c-ciiaih tu tlic |iiiiiiitivc Imrsc-car, llic latter tu llic lucuniutivc ami tliat tu tlic truljcy. Tlif 
stiiiri'-eoach was an early institiitiun in Trciitun ami vicinity, ami in fact dates fruiii the time wjien 
'rrcntun tirst cinerucd iVmn ]iurclv |ilantatiun cumlitiuns intu tliusc surruuiidin,i; a u'ruwiiij: luunlet. 
The dciiiands made hv a ]iu|iiilati(iii learnini!: its tirst Icssuiis in iiiuliility arc ill clH'iuus cdiilrast with 
niuiliT-ii dcvclu|iiiiciits. The earliest advertiscnicnt uf stan'cs uf which there is re<'(iril is fruni the 
"Aiiierican Weekly .Mci-ein-y," Sc|itcnilier, 172-"). and is as fulluws : 

'• If anv I'ersuii ur I'ersuns niav have uccasiun tu jiass ur repass, ur euiivcy ( iuuds frmn I'hila- 
delphia tu Trentuwn and liaekward. their (ciuds may lie secured at the Ijuusc uf .luhn Wullard at 
Trciitiiwii ill uider fur further ('un\cyaiiec. Such persuiis may cni|uire ur repair tu the ijunsc uf 
the said .luhn Wullard in 'rreiituwii ur tu the Mill there, ur at the Cruuked I'.illet in I'hiladclpliia. 
I'asseiiL'ers niav euuie and (mkmIs may he cunvey'd frum 'rnaituwn every Munday ur Tuesday and 
fruni I'liiladclphia every Thursday ur l'"riday." 

Mr. William .Nelson in liis very valnalilc notes on nc\vspa|ier extracts ( N. .1. .\rchi\-cs, \'ul. 
XI.) says the Crooked IJillct was liciijamiit i-'ranklin's aliidini; place un the occasion of his lirsl 
visit to I'hiladelphia. 

'■ Tu ArnimmniliiU llii I'l'l'ddC 
"There /(/// lir <i STACI'] WACOX set out from Trmlnn to Uni,i.-<ii'irL, Twice a Week, and li.ick 
aj^ain durini; next Sumnier : It will he littcd up with I'.enchcs and CuverM i>vcr so (liat Tassenjiers 
may sit Easy and Dry and Caro will he; taken to Deliver (loods and Messa;,;es safe." 



132 



THE CiTY OF TnKXTOX. 



Tlio " wajri^on" was adviTtiscd to set out at lirst from William Atlee's and 'riiouias llooton's, 
at Trenton. The first triji was Monday. March "iTtli. 17">7--!S, and so fvcrv Monday and Tluuiday 
from Trenton and from New lirunswiek ivcry Tuesday and Fi'iday. The rates wore 2s. fkl. eaeh 
jia.s.seniier. — "Ameriean Weekly Meri'urv." .January •"iist-I'"eliruary 7th. 17-'!7— ")>i. 

The "Xew ^'ork (iazette,'' .\]iril Sth, 17'U. t:ives notice that .\rthui' Ili-own will trans])ort i;ti(i(l> 
hv lioat from New \nvk and SdUth I'iver. From the latter place, Samuel Riii;-ers, of Allentown. 
will carry the same to Uiu'dcn's i.andinu- ( IJiii-dcntiiwu i at nvu- farthinii per pound. Itoi;ers" hoat, 
at Ilurden's Laniliuu'. will forward the uoods to I'hiladi'lphia at llurliniiton rates. 

(_)n .\pril 10th, 1740, the "• Peimsylvania (iazette" aunoimces the re-cstalilishnient nf the 
■' Stajre-Wai;t;on "" from Trenton to New lirunswick. This static had r\m twice a week in the 
sununer of 17'">*^. and had lieen a ,t;-reat conveidcii<-c. The new static ■■will he continued and uo 
twice a Week ci'rtain. frmn TiuuUm I'^eny evciy Mniidni/ and T Imrsd a i/ \u\i\ frnm Hrniisiriit hack 
aj;ain 7'"rw/<(</ and /■'/■/'/"(/ durini;' this Summer. The Wauuon will he covia'M over, so that Passengers 
mav sit easv and drv." The rates were 'Js. (id. I'roc. for cxcrv passenuer. ''Mci'chant (ioods 2s. 
pcrC." .lose|ih '^'ates and William .Vtlee seem in havi' hccii the |iroprietors. 

On .lune 7th. 1711, William Willsim, ni New lirunswiidc. amiounces that he has jjiirchascd 
the .\ltee stage, which he ran fi'diii Xcw llrunswick on Mondays and Thursdays and from Trenton 
on Tuesdays and Fridays. Philadelphia gouds wei-e to he dirccteil to Thomas Hutton, in Trenton, 
and thos<' for New ^'ol■k to the pniprictur at Xcw Pruuswick. 

It now hecame necessary that a map shmild he made showing tin' (lirect roads hctwecii th(> 
congesting centers of po|iulation, sa\ing the traveler the dangers of "hlind i-oads," which led him 
into the vii'gin forests. So one linds that in Scptianhcr. 17-1-"). -lohn l)al]cy, of Kingston, New 
.lersev, advertised he h.id made ,a sui'vey of the Trenton-. \mhoV I'oad. and has "set up ]iroper and 
durahle marks at every two Miles 1 hstaiicc. " This work was done hy suhscriptioii. and the survevor 
desired to continue his woi'k to New ^'ork .iiid I'liiladclplii.a. and print a map thereof. Foi- this 
]iurposc he designed a |iopnlar suhscriptioii, the maps to he printed on '■ large and good Paper,'' 
this Philadel]ihia-Xcw \>ivk I'oad map to lia\c markcil upon it liou<e<. hi'ooks, creeks, hridges, 
(/ siiiiilllir. with their names. I'^ach suhsi'i'ihei' to pav os. aii<l ha\e ]d> name printcil on the corners 
of the map. .\. peed, in Trenton, was the Trenton agent. 

In 171'.'. Lewis l'^\ans' map of Penn~ylvaina, Xi'w -lersev and the ■'Three Lower ("oinities on 
Delaware"" ( now State of l)elawai-ei appeai-ed. 

.\flcr the estahli-hnient of jiorilentown as a river |iort. it was soon seen that Trenton was 
increasing in populati<in ami wi'.altli. .and .loseph llorden ( PiS7-l 7tlo i. foundci- of Pordentow n, 
''to head olf his growing riv.al Ti-eiilon," cstahlished a line of stages hetwein liordenlown and 
.\mhoy and shallops from his \i>\\\\ to Philadelphia. This was cirrinii 17 10. 

Xuniei'ous other attempts wi'i'c m.aile to estahlish stage lines hetweiai Philailelphia and Xiw 
York dm'ing the closing days of the coloinal ]ierioil. l''rom 17<io t<i 17ii^ etl'oi'ts were made hv the 
Legislature to raise funds hy lottei')' foi- shortianng and im|iroving the great thoroughfares, hut 
witliout success, (lovcrnor l"i-aiddin, alluding to them in a >|ieecli to the .\ssenihly in I7(>>!, states 
that " even those wdiieli liehetween the t\vo principal trading cities in North .\niei'iea arc M'ldom 
passahle without d.-uigia- oi' dilliculty." Suih lieing the condition of the roails. it w.as a great 
iin]irovement to have .lolm .Mei-,~eieau's ■■tlying machine."' in 177'_'. leave Panlus IPx.k i now 
JersevC'ity) three times a week, with a reasouahlc cx|icctation that p.isscngers would arrive in 
Philadelphia in one ilay and :i half. This time, howi'Vei', was prohahly found too short, for two 
days were rcipiii-ed hy him in 177o-7l. 

During the Revolution the Tnaiton ferry was located a >hort distance helow where the lower Dela- 
ware hridge now stands. Tln' old fcri-ydiouscs ari' still standing. The one on this side of the river 
was the large hri<k huildingat the corner of P>loonisl>ur\- and Fcri'y sli'eets, .and now used as a tavern, 
and the one on the Peimsylvania side is the largi^ hi'ick house directly opposite l''erry street. 

In the time of the Revolution ( w hen the ri\-cr was clear of ice ), troo|is and others coming from 

I'liiladeljihia would cross this ferry and proc 1 ea-twai-il to the I'^agle Hotel, on Mill Hill, to Qui'cn 

street, that heing the oidy street tlnii open all the wa\- through ( P.looni.-hin^y stret't not heing 
opened helow Front street till PSdl i. Persons coming this route would then proceed through 
(iiu'en (now Jiroad) street to the old Ynyk road, and thus to Xcw \>'\k. This ferry was the great 



TIIK CITY OF TUKNTOX. 



13;5 



tlionnidifaiv Ix'twcni tlic cities nf riiil.iilcl|ilii;i :iim1 New \<,[k until tlir Dclauai'c liriibc was 
ii|Hni'(|, ill ISd.'i, whin iici-suns and nni'i-liamlisr wcr<- ti'ans|ii>rtril ii\ri- tiic l)i-ii|'^c. 

•I'lliH (). Kaum tlins itrnii/.rs tlir nld staL^v i-i.ulr^; ily ISlll, in .\|iril. '11 as I'liilrr 

■'n's|nctfiilly informs lii- IVirnd- and the |.ulilic in uvuci-al that lir lias furnisiicl him with an 
cxiTllciit ]iaii-uf Horses, and a ^udij Ciachrc, and iiiliiid- iiinniii:: it fnim John ('. llummcH's 
taviiai, in 'Pirnton. (o Joliii ('ai|Miitci-'s, i'hiladrl|iliia, tliirc limrsawi'ck tin-ou,<:hout thr sumnuT 
season. He will have Trculon ivrvv 'I'ucMlay, 'l'hni-sda y, and Salunlay, ami riiiladil|.liia ixrrv 
.Monday. Wednesday, and h'rid.ay. His liinn eni| jjoy mint a^ a stai;e di-ivcr lii'twi'eii tin- two rilie.s, 
and his attention and |)Unetiiality in that ea|iaeity, ( wliieh sliall not he diminished as |iro]ii-ieti>r), 
lie llatteis himself will secure a |Hirtioiiiif (he ]iiililic |iationat:e. .\ pair of Jlorsesand Coacliee 
will he fnrnished to ljo to any |i;irt of the Ci uilineiit. " 

< )ii the twciity-lii'st of .\|iril of the same year .hise|ili N'.indeurift, Sr., o|,eiied a sta.iie nllice ne.xt 
to the Indian <iui'en Hotel, ihen ke|i| l>y .\nios Howell, near the marketdioiise. 'I'hcsc stujre.s ran 
to and from Treutoii to l'liilailcl|iliia. makiiiL;' one ti-i|i |Mr da\- 1o either cilv. 

In 1S(1'_', I'etcr I'roliasco and .lohn Dean ran a co.ich lielwien llii> city .mil l'liilailel| .liia everv 
day in the week ( Sundays c.xceptcd ). The nHiee w.as two d s alio\ e the Indian (^Mieen Hold. 

The same year Jolni ('. Hnmmell and .lohn ('.ir|ieiiter started the ■■Tientun .lecommiHl.atiou 
line of coacliee stages." 

In 1S07, John .ManninLiton ran a line of •■coacliee staiii's,'" whiili left l'liiladcl|iliia evci-v 
ninrninj; at eitilit o'clock ( Sundays e.\cc|itcil i, and arrived in Trenton to dine at the >ulisc|-ilier"s 
tavern, next door to the City Hotel. The fare was si. "id, hauijaiiv as usiial. 

In ISl"), John Lafanelierie and Is.aae .Merriain ran a line of coai lies to connect with the 
stcamlinat •• I'liiladelphia " at I he Uloiimshnry w liarf, startiiiL:: from .Mr. .Vndersoirs JtisiimSun Hotel. 

In ISl'O, Charli's II. Carman and Lewis Thom|isoii ran a line from Treiilou to l'hiladel|i]iia, 
\ia r.ristol, hy steamlioat ; Caiitaiii, J. .Miller; fai'e, >;1 ; hreakfast, ■_'"i cents. The hoat ran everv 
day, except Sundays: application for pas^-.aiic was to he made at ImioiIi (irceu's, Indian <Juccii 
Hotel, John N'oorhecs' Cit\' Hotel .and C. H. \'aiider\eer's hotel, llloomshnry. 

The steaniboat " I'hiladelphi.i " eoninicnccd riinninu fi'mn llloomshnry. '{"iicsday, .lul\- ;'>d. ISi'O. 

Dcconilier ?)lst. l^liT, Joseph I. Thompsoii ran a mail stanc helueeii Trenton and New iJruns- 
wick every day of the Week ( Sundays excepted I. 1 1 left Trenton at eiL:lit ii"clo(J< in the niornin,L^ 
changed horses at Princeton, and ]iei-formeil the passage in as short a time a- it could he done at 
that time by any other line on the load. The f.are was ><1. 

August 30th, I'S'iS, the rnioii line of Trenton ha(J<s r.aii to r.loomsluiry. to e.irrv passengers to 
the irteanihoats "Trenton, " ('aptain .\. .leiikins ; " Iturlingtoii," Captain H. Martin, and "Man'o 
Bozzaris."' Cajitain John l>. I.,ine. These three hoats were so arranged as to make one trip each 
way every day. 

The coaches started from J. .M. I'.ispham's Trenton Hon^c. taking passengers to the hoats, to 
Princeton, New Hrunswick and New ^'ork. 

The same \-car C. H. \ andervcci- ran .i line of Treiiloii mail coaehes hctweeii this city and New 
I'.runswick. l-'are for |ia.ssage, SI. 

The same \'ear a coacli was run li\' J. 1. Thonip.-on to ihc same place. 

In 18lj(), .\. P. .\tkinson was appointed agent of the I'nion line of stage eoacJies. This line 
continued in existence till the railroad coninienced operations, when it was discontinuc(l. 

In ISJO. a steamhoat called the '■Hornet" maile regular trips on the Hclaware, to and from 
Philadelphia. The fare was ■.:!."> cents either way. Persons, hy leaving their names at the Kising 
Sun Hotel the night ]irevious, were called foi- hy the omnihus free of charge. The company had 
two new and splendiij omnihusses. John i'ayne was the agent of this line. 

The system of internal improvements projected at the lieginning of the present ei^ntury slowly 
led to tlic ilevelopinent of the Delaware an<l Karitan canal and the Caniden and .\mhoy railroad, 
(jovernor Dickersun was heartily in favor of the canal, and in his message of IMI) speaks of it as a 
projected iniprovement of gi^cat national impurtance. \'arions atteni|ils were made |o crystallize 
sentiment tljion this niatler and in lS2;;a legislative committee reported that they "have consiijered 
tiie suhject with all that attention which its great importance demands, and arc of opinion that sucli 
a eanal, if it could he effected at an expense not too great for tlii' resources of the State, and witlinnt 
imposing a hurdensonie weight of taxation, ouglit to he cai-ried into execution hy the State itself." 



134 



TlIK 11 TV OF TRENTON. 



'I'lllO .JliINT 0(l.Ml'A.Mi:s AM) rjONNSVI.VAMA IIaII.KuAI). 

'I'lifoiiifli tlic untiriiitr iiivcsliiratiDiis of tlic ITdii. ClilTunl Stanley Sims, nf ^rount Holly, .Judye 
of Ijic Nrw .Icrsrv Court of iMTors and .Vpjx'als and I'l-csidcnt of the State Society of the 
Cincinnati, the followinu' data ni'v [ircscntcd : 

The Delaware and Raritan Canal Coiniiany wa.s incorjioratcd l'\iirnary -Jth, l.S:!(), to construct 
a canal hctween the two rivers. This aitilicial waterway was to Kc not less than seventy-five 
tVi't wide anil seven feet dee|i (act of Is;!]). The suhsci-i|ition-lH idks for the ca|iital stock of 
-Sl.DOO.OOO were to he opened hy .lames I'arkcr and -lames N'cilson, of Middlesex ; .lohn I'otter, 
of Somerset ; William llalstcd. of llnntcnlon. and (iarret Dorsett Wall, of l?urlini:ton counties. 
.\nv corporation or inili\idual \va- iirohiliited from constru<-tini;- a canal within li\c miles of any 
point on that of the company, and the State retained, for ten years, the powci- to snhserihe to one- 




TllK Twii Dt:i. \\\ \i!i-; I'.itil 



fourth of the capital stock. The State of New .fcrsey, hy act of i'chrnary '■\d, 1S;>1, reserved tlie riirht 
of takih}; the canal hy appraisement after lifty years had cxpiiid. Tlie constructii>n of any railroad 
within live miles of the canal was also prohihited. 

r])on the same il.'iy the I )elawari' and l!arit:iii Canal Company was incorpor.ati'd. the Camden and 
Andioy Railroad anil Transportation Comjiany was also <-rcati'd hy statute. The suhscri]jtion-hooks 
for 81,()IHI,(I0(I were to he opened hy Samuel (i, Wridit, of Monmouth ; .lames Cook, of ,Middlesex ; 
.Miraham lirown, of RnrlinLrton ; .leremiah II, Slo.in, of (douccster, and Henry l-"reas, of Salem 
counties. Similar legislation concerning; exclusive privilcLics marked the i-ailroad as in the case of 
the canal. I'pon tlie liftccnth day of Fehruary, l^.'Sl, the railroad and canal wire consolidated 
umler the title <if the .loint Conqianies, althoxi>;h the separate ortranizations were i-ctained. The 
companies were to prohihit the construction of any other road from Philadelphia to New ^'ork, and 
Were to transfer without ])rice, to New Jersey, one thousan<l shares of thi' stock nf the .loint Coin- 
]ianies. Thirty thousaml dollars was quarantined the State as an annual dividend, and transit duty, 
which led, throuirh the corjiorate inlluence, to New Jersey heini: called the " State of Camden and 
Amhoy." In 1.S37 an act was i)a.ssL'il authorizing the Camden and Amhuy to construct a road from 



THE CITY OK TUKNTON. 



\c\v l!run-:\vick \i< Tri'iitnii ami tlwiirc \n I'x.i-dcntMwn, with a l)iaii(li to \\\r Trenton Dclawari' 
lii-iduc, Autlioiily was ^i\i'ii to locate sueli road n|ion the 'I'reiiton and New lli'iniswii-k 'I'm-npike 
Company w ith the assent of that eor| lorat ion. 'I'hiv raihoad was al>o >nhi.'et. after a term of vears. 
to he a|j|)raised hy the State. 

The Philadelphia and Ti'enton IJaili'oad Comp.niy w.i~ ineoi| ,oratei| h\- the I .i^Lii-lat ui'e of 
Pennsylvania in \s:V2. to eonstinet a railinad from Kensiniiton t^i the Trenton hrid.LH'. at Morii.— 

ville, whilst an .aet of is;;.', antlmrized the eoiistiiieli f a railroad hi'idiic a(a-o>sthe Delaware. 

Tntil ISi;:;, tln' KiaisinL^ton depot was nsi-d as the main Philailelphia station of the Philadelphia 
and Treinon raih-oad, when the eonneetinu railroad joined tliealio\c road at l'"|-ankfo|-d and toneheil 
Maiket >treet, Philadelphia, at Thirly-seeonil street. The pioent liroad street station l]a~ heiai 
in n>e aliont a decade. In IS.'li;, the j'.clxiderc Delaware i.aihoad was ijrojciti'd from Tnnton to 
ilcKidere, which later fell into the hands of the. joint ('ompanies. In IM;:;, this load was e.\lendcM_l 

to .Manunka Chnnk. In ISol', the .Xew .hrsey Railroad and Ti.anspoitation (' pan\was incoi'- 

porateil to eonstrnet a road from Ne\v IJrunswiek to Jersey Tity. In kS(i7, this hijiliway passeil 
under the control (if tln' .loint ('ompaides. 

.\llnsion lias heeii made to the Trenton hel.iw.are hridi:!' whicli nniteil the system of the .loint 
Companies with th.at of tin' Philadelphia and Ti-cnton i-.iilioad. 

In ITl's^, to the end that '■aL;<iod and permamait hridiie aei'oss the ri\ia' hclaware * * '■^• 
wonld LM-catly conti-ilmtc to f.aeilit.ate (lie inteivourse hctween this State and tin' Southei-n States," 
an act was jiasseil hy the 
Lciiislatnre of Xew Jersey 
autliorizint;' suhscri]ition coni- 
missionei's for stoi'k thereof, 
as follows : .lolm lleatty, Peter 
(nirilon, Aaron Howell, of .Xew 
Jersey ; Phili|i Wanliei-, Janii's 
C;. Fisher an.l Charles Piddle, 
of Philadelphia. A charter 
was ;^ranted hy Xew Jci'sey 
in IsO-'i. l'inns\lvania also 
frranted like privilejics. In 
ISIi.S, hotli Pennsylvania and 
Xew Jersey yavc power to 
widcai the hridne. < )n the twen- 
tieth of June, PS77. throuirh 
the medium of the Pliihidel- 
pliia and 'J'reiiton i-ailroad. tin- 

southern side of the hiadi^e, hir tracka,i;c, was leased to llie Penn-ylvania Railroad Company 
initil -2^70. 

ll will he thus seen that (lie various systems conncctin.ii Trenton with Philadelpliia and 
Camden. New York and the Kast Jersey towns and Pelvidere were practically under the control 
of the .loint Companies. .\n act of l'"cliiaiai-y •I7l\\. \X*'>7. conlirnieil an aL.'rcenient consolidatin.i: the 
Joint Com]ianics and the New Jersey Kailroad and Tran-portatioii Company. These corporations, 
commonly known as the Pnited ('onijianies, executed, upon .lune :!IUh, 1S71. a lease lor nine hun- 
dred and ninctv-nini' years to the Pennsylvania Uailioad Company of all their railroads, canals and 
otlu.T property. A failure to pay rental oi- hi keep and p.a-form covenants and aLxrcemeiits for 
ninety days works a hirfeilnre of the lea<e. Since |.s71, the i'eiinsylvania company has continued 
to operate the Pnited Companies' lines, ami has developed the system until it stanils unparalleled 
amouL' till' railroads of the wmld. 




'rilK l'i-:NNs^ i.\ AMA Kitiinair Siaiion. 



Thk Piiii.AnKi.i'ni a A.vn Iti:.\niNo I!\ii,i:oaii Comtanv. 

The Delaware and P.ound JSmok railroad was incorporated under the ( Icneral Pailroa.l law of 
New Jcri^cy, May Pith, 1^71. 

On October r,th, 1S7J, contracts were awarded for the construction of the roa<l, whi<-li wa.s 
pushed rapidly to completion, and the road was opened for l.usincss >[ay 1st, 1S,C>. 



im 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



Tlic roiid cciiinccls witli (lir Delaware liiver luaiielj nf the North I'eiinsylvaiiia raihuail in tlie 
iiiidille <it' tlie |)ela\vare rivei', near N'anlley, I'eiinsylvauia, anil extenils tn Itnuml ihnnk. New 
.leisey, a ilistanee ni' twenty-seven miles, where it connects with the Central liaili-oad of New Jersev, 
thirty-two ami foui-tenths miles from New ^'llrk. I'orniinf.' |)art of a iliiect line lutwi'cn I'hiladelphia 
an<l New ^'orkCity, a distance of eii;hty-ei,i;lit miles — known as "'I'lie New \'ork and l'liiladel|ihia 
New Line." 

On the fourtci'nth day of May. IST'-I, the raih-oad |ii-o]ie|-ty and plant of the conipanv were 
leased to the I'hilailelphia and lleadinL; itailroad ('oni|iany for nine liundi'ed and ninety years, from 
May 1st, INT'.I, since which time the I'aili'oad has lieen operated liy that companv. 

The oliicei's and 1 »i rectors are as follows : Pi-esiilent, Iv ('. Knight. .) i. ; \'icc I'roident. .lohn 
II. Miehener; Directors, .lohn II. Michcner. I'hila.lclphia. I'a.: Charles S. IJaylis, New ^■ork ; 
(ienri;c Uiclianls, Dowr, N. .1.; l.iwis II. T.iylor. llii;h l!ri<l<;-e, N. .1.; William .Mcrshon. Ualiwav, 
N. J.; Samuel K. Wilson, Trenton. .\. .1,; Isaac V. Kichcy, Trenton, .N. .1.; |-"rcderick II. licacli, 




P.^.ssENGKK .St.vtion uf I'll n..\i>i:i. I'll 1 -v ,\ni» Ri-:.\i»iN(i UAn,icu.\u. 



Dover, N. J.; Edward C. Kni-ht. .Ir., I'hiladelphia ; Henry Lewis. Philadelphia; II. .M. llowe, 
l'hiladcl]ihia ; Thomas Midscan, I'lnladelphia : Charles .1. Fisk. I'lainlield. N. .1.: Scen^tary and 
Ti'oasurcr, John S. \\'ise. 

The Trenton hraneh of the Dclawai'c and llound I'.i'ook railroad I'Xlends fi-om Trenton . I unc- 
tion, on the main line, to Trenton, .New .lersey, a distance of three and seven-tenths miles. It has 
proved not only a valuahle feeder to the m.ain line, hut has iircatly addeil to the development and 
imiirovcnient of that part of the city of Treiiltm which was so much in need of railroad faeilitiu.s. 

The East Tri'uton railroad was ineorporatc<l .\pril 17th. ISSj. 

The road extends from a ])oint in the Trenton hrauch of the Delaware and llound lirook rail- 
road, near Trenton, to what was .Millham township (now Eisihth ward), a distani'c of three miles. 

This road is of iircat value to the Headinu' system, under which it is operated, and jirovides 
l'!ast Trenton with railroad facilities which have contributed largely to its improvement and 
prosperity. 



THE CITY OF TIIENTON. 137 

Til.' ..(lirrrs ami Diirctdrs arc as fallows: l'rrsi,l,.nl, Ivlwanl C Kni-lit, Jr. ; Vice I'lvsidml. 
.I..I111 II. .Mi.lirii.r; Diivctors, Cnu-'^v Ridianl.-^. Duv.r. X. .1.; Samuel K. \Vils..n. Trenton ; Lewis 
II. Tayl.ir, High liri,!-,.. X. .1.; Isaae F. Itiehey, Tivntuii ; .John II. .M i.liener, niila.lelph'ia, I'a. ; 
K. ('. Kni-lit, Jr., I'liiladelphia, I'a.; Tlinnias .MeK,.aii, l'liil.Mlel|,lun, I'.i.; Seer, tarv an. 1 Trea.snrer,' 
John S. Wise. 



Loc.M, MicTnons oi' 



ii.wsi'oirr.vrioN. 



I'ntil the Trillion Horse railn.a.l was e.aistru.te.l. (he iiMial methiMl nf 1,,,-al trans|,(,|-ta(ion 
throu.uh the eity was hy the i)roverhial '•haek,"' the onmihiis or earria-e. In that halcyon |,erio,| 
•' hefore the war." the hotels fre(|nently operated a line of 'hii.-^ses to anil fioni the State street deput 
of the Caiiiden .111.1 Aiidioy r.iilr.i.id. Inasnm.h as tli.' lart^.r h.il.'ls w.av l.i.ati'.l on W'arnn str.'d. 
it lat.r li.vann' .'vid.'nt that this system had its ilisa.lvanta.ues, paili.-ularly .lurin.ir the se.S'^ion of the 
l..-islatniv. The L'rowth .if th.' manufa.'turin.ir int.'rests of Trenton, and her jMilitieal pr..ndn,'n,-e. 
mad.- th.' town a .M.'cea for husy men. 1 n.ivasi'.l railr.ia.l faeililies and rapi.l transit hioke up th.' 
ol.l syst.aii .if th.' memh.'rs of th.' Li',nislatur.' i-em:iinin;4 in Ti-.nt.m .liirinj: an .■iitire sessi.ui. Kvrw 
as early a> th.' si.xti.'s, tli.' memliers would each .lay return to ih.ii- h.Jiiii's. The .listan.'e of th,. 
Capitol and th.' h.it.'ls from th.' old Stat.' strivt stati..ii. an.l from th.' n.-wer Clint. m street station, 
was a -reat fa.'t.ir in the grantin.i;- of .'..rpor.-ition pri\ ile-.'s t.i Ih.' iii.-..rp.irators of the Tr.'iiton Ih.rse 
railway. Tin' eity had also sprea.l out into what was th.'ii the farm lanils of Millham. an.l th.- 
.seeti.iu east of Clinton aveniii'. This p.ipulati..ii ha.l to hi- m.iv.'.l t.i and fro. in iVLiar.l to th.' 
e.'iiti'r .if th.' t.iwn. 

With th.'S.' l'n.l^ in view th.' h.'^islatur.', up..n the ninth day of .Mai'eh, IS.",!), uranted a ehartei' 
to the Tr.'ut.m Horse Railroad Company. The ineorp.irators w.r.' Timothy Fi.1.1, Rohert .\iikeii, 
William .M. F.iree, Lewis Perrine, Th.imas P. J.ilm.s(on, .h.nath.'in S. Fi^h. Charl.'s .Moore, .loseph 
Whittakei- and James T. Sherman. 

Th.' ihai't.r |ir.iviil.'.l f.ir a I'apital stock of S:;(),0(|ll. '|'h,' mut.' for th.' nnlr..a.l w;is t.i he 
thr.iii.^h Clinton an.l Stat.' str.'.'ts, fr.im th.' n.irtlicastcrly to th.' w.sl.'il v limit,- of Trenton, with 
hraneh or liranchi.'S to the railroad .lepot or .l.'p.its. The si/,.' .if ih.' I'.'iil to he us.'.I was t.> he 
m.idele.l upon those then ein]iloy.'d hy tic I'"iftli and SCxtli Street I'asseiiiier K.iilwaN' ( 'ompan v. 
Till' new eiiipoi'ation was iirohihited from usim; st.'am upon its tracks. 

The onliiiancc of the city, jiasscl July 'iSth, ISC,;!, shows irreat ehaiiLrcs in m.'th.i.ls .if trans- 
portation in the last thirty years. Council izavc the roa.l the pri\ileL.-.' .if hniiiir a track fr.im ihi' 
iiortheastci'ly to tlie westerly linnts of the city, throu-h Clinton an.l State streets, and from the 
feeder l>ri(l,tre to Ferry street, on \\'ai'r.'n -Irc.'t. Th.' tra.k was to h.' .",.2 jrau<je " ptived with iroml 
111 millers," the motivi' pow.'i' t.i h.' n.i oth.'r "' than hoi'se or mule. " Xo cars were to he pci-milted 
to run on Sun. lay an.l ■' h. 'lis of pro|ii'r size an.l tone to notify passeiij;ers =■■ '■■'■ * of the approach 
oftlieear>' » ere to 111' attai'h.'il t.i till' horses. The s]ieed of the cars was limited to six miles per 
h.iur and the fare was live cents. Xe.i;lcct of the company to run I'ars fm- a period of threi' m.mtli,- 
was il.'cmcl a f.irfeitiire of privilcL'cs. The city .'.lul.l tlii'ii opcralc the I'oa.l or rent the tracks. In 
ISS;; till' company was authorized to .'.mstrii.t a .louMe track from th.' Clint. m street station to 
their western t.'rmiinis. 

The r.iail at its heginnintr extended from the Clinton street station, via Clinton and State streets 
to a ]i.iint op]iosite the residence of Charles ( I. Roehlini.', l"".s(|., and was later hnill to the eastern edge 
of the Montgfiniery estate, to ;iccommodate West State street and I'r.ispe.'t hill. .\ short hraneh 
(;xtendi'd from State street to the American House, which was later ahandoned. 

In [''.'hruary, 1880, the Common Cotnieil of Chamhershurg authorized the Trenton II. use rail- 
road to extenil theii- tracks from the terminus at the Clinton street station to the smitherlv limits of 
Chamliersluirg, miiipying Clinton street. In l"^■llrnary, 1SS7, the horongh permitted the eonslnict- 
ing of a horse railroad on l'ros])ect street and Ilannlton avenue, and in Dccemlicr, |SS7, gave 
permission for the huilding of the Hamilton aveinie, .Momnouth and I']ast State street hraneh. 
Since this period the roads U])on Haid<, Willow and Spring streets and upon Princeton aventie. as 
well as the Fast State street extension to the Inter-State Fair grounds, have hcen luiilt. 

The City railway was incorporated in 1S7") under the general law, the lirst ctirs heing rini in 
August, 1S7(). The early history of the City company is one of great enterprise, inasniueh as it was 
the first effort to directly connect the growing suljurhs of Millham and Clianiliershurg. 



s 



13S 



TIIK CITY OF TIIKNTON. 



\'>v orilinaiuc. u|)i)ii the first <l:iy nf Kcln-iuiry, ISTO, this company was cniiiowcrcd to (■onstruct 
a liorsc lailroail tlinuigli Clinton stiri't, tVoui the city limits to I'ciry street, thoncc to liroad, tcr- 
minatinL' at tlic ChamlxTsliui'i; liorouuli Vnn: At tiiis time tlic hoi-oufjli {^ranted jxiwcr to tlic coni- 
panv to extend tlieir line from the canal to the southeasterly limits of the horoULdi. In tiiis they 
occiii>icd Hroad street, formerly the western end of the Crosswieks and 'i'renton turn]iil<c. 

In Oetolicr, l.S7(i, the City railway was cnipowerccl to extend its tracks from I'i'rry street to 
Warren, thence to Ferry street, thence to Bridge street, thence to Centre and thence to the lands of 
Dr. .1. P. Turner (near I\iver\iew Cemetery). They were also autliori/.ed to comieet tlieir Uridge 
street tracks from Centre to liroad sti'eet. In ( )ctoher, ISS."). the City railway had a further oidi- 
nanco jiassed for tlieir henelit, extendinj^ tlieir line fi'ipin Uroad street throUf,di Bridge street, thenco 
to Centre street, thciiee to Lalor street and thence to the |)ela\\ ai'e ami I'aritan canal. In ISSda 
further ordinance liave them power to Imild a road on llainiltoii a\enue. In this year the horough 
()f Chamliersliuru' exteiide(l the City i-ailway's frnnehise to .leiinie street, Hudson street, J'^lmer 
street, Chestnut avenue, Ciinimings avenue. Coleman street, with a s])ur through Cuminiugs 
avenue to Division street, to ear shells ami slahles. 

.\t a later period the Trentiiu Horse raih'oad p.-issed into the hands of Colonel Lewis I'errine, 
who sul>stituteil elcc'tricity for horse-power. This was in IS'.Il'. He ae(|uired control of the City 
Hailwav Com|>anv in IS'.ll and consolidated the i-oads on Septetnlier -'Idth, IS'.ll. undei- the name of 
'•The Trenton Passenger IJailwiiy Company (Consolidated)." The lii'st ixpiiimental tri]i liy 
eleetricitv was made at 1 1 i^JO r. .M., on .May '2.'2i\, 1S;)2, from I'^red. Walter's corner to Olden avenue 
and to Perry street. 

Tlic Ivist Tr<-iiton end of the road was opened foi- Im-iness ^^ay 24tli, PSil-J. The comiiauy luis 
no standaril of coiisti-uctiou. The pi-esciit management is as follows : Henry C. Moore. President; 
Thomas C. llari-. \"ice President; .lohn P. Kusei\ Secretary and Tn^asiu'cr ; the Dirc'ctors lieing 
Heiirv C. ]\Ioore. Thomas C. ISari-. .lohn P. Knsei-. Ferilin.and W. PoeMing, Iv .1. Mom-e, .hmatlian 
lUackwell, .\ntliony I!. Kuser. 

Cndci' the ]ir<sent management the tnution company has won the coiilidence of the jiuhlic and 
has, in its preparations to extend its lines into new territory, awakened a vast amonnt of local 
interest in the development of the suhurlis. The road at present is well equipped and well conducted. 






(MIAl'TKli XXI 1. 



I'ri'.l.iC IXSTITITIOXS. 
P(isT-()KFin-: — Stath IldrsK, Liiujakv axp (Iimcat Skai.— Statk SriK.oi, k<ii; Dkak-Mutks 

AilsKNAI. AM) StaTI; l'l;IS<iN — ^T VIK I M )rsTl; I A I, Srilnol, Fill; ( I 1 1; l.s — M i::;, KK ('(irXTY f'(iri!T 

House — State Xhk.mai. ami MniiKi. Srii(i<ii,s — Mashmc Tkmim.e — '.'itv IIai.i, — St. Fkaxc is. 

Mercer A. \ I > (.'ity JldsiTiAi.s — State Hospital i-di; thk I.vsane — Oim Fki.i.hw-' IlnMK 

Y. M. ('. A. — W. ('. T. r.— Tayuh; Ofkua IIi>rsE — Inteh-Statk Faii; .\s<niiATi(i.\ — Vsxis 
l.\iiu.<Ti!i.vi. lld.ME — Xi:w .Jei;siov ('iiii,iii:i-;n's Home S<h'Ikt\- — Criv .Viaisikusi:. 







I!I''X'PoX"S piililir iiistitulidiis, \i> tlic \isit(ir, .-irc imlccil a source of n-i-caf nttnictioii. 
'I'lir (':i|iil(.l haviiiii' liccii located in tliccity in 17'.M, a |ii'i'ioii loiiii' licforc philan- 
tln'opic and |icnal cstalilishnicnts were in any sense a |iart of State lifi>, 'I'reiiton 
otTci-cd convenient sites for liuililin,i;s wlieii sucli institutions were erectivl. The 
nicinoi-ies wliicii cluster aliout the State IFousi', Uw Ivi^yptiaii liicrojflvjiliics upon 
tile facade of the |ii-isoii, the a)-chitect uial heatities of the various schools, the 
classic front of the Couil House and fhehcanty of the l'"cderal liuildinLr. not to 
mention tlic in'oumls of the Xoi-mal and Mode] Sch.Mils and the Asvhuii. are 
aniouu the most interesting ohjects of the citv, jiarticularh' after the custoniarv 
visits to till' potteries and tin' iron works. 
The introduction of the jiost-ollice system in the vicinitv of Ti-cnton was due to the philan- 
tln'opy of \\'illiam I'eim. The settlers on hoth sides of the |''alls wi'i-e in r'lose association, and 
western liurlinuton and eastern i Sucks practically mii;ht have hceii in one Province. In the '' l-'riemls' 
Miscellany" (A'ol. VII.. ]>. 2!)), it is stated that the (juaker leader issued, in ir,s;;. an order for the 
estnhlishmcnt of a post-olHce, rc(|Uestini; I'hiiieas I'cmliei-tcin carefully to pnhlish the information on 
the mc'dinij-linii.-<c diiar ; that is, on the door of the /irinili' house in which tlu^ Soeietvof I'^riends 
were accustomed to meet. It w.as usual for h'ricnils setlli'd ahout the l<'alls toassemhieal tlu' houses 
of William ^'al■dley. .lames Harrison. I'hincas I'cmlierton, William iiiles and William llcakes. 

Xo delinitt' system of mail distrihntion had y<'t heeii inauuurated, and the letters were usually 
sent hy some trustworthx' carrier from Philadelphia or .\mhoy. Xo el.alioralc system of stamps, 
post-marks or si'alini;- had liccn devised. This early post-ollice was indeed a very primitive alT:iir. 
" P>oston jc-i>"" These are to ;;ive notice. That IJei- .M.ajesly in reiranls to the i^reat ICxpense She is 
at in maintaininff the ('orrespondence h\- Letters ln'twccn !'"ni.dand and Ili'r Planl.-ition-Islauds in 
America and for tin' further improvement and hciii'lit of Tr.adc, llalh settled Packel-jidats for the 
West Indies— 

"This is likewise to j.'ive Xotici — .\ll ]iersons Correspondini: with Xcw I'"ni:land, Xcw ^'ork. 
Jersey, Pensilvania. Maryland, \'iri:inia, Cardlina and lli'rmuda. may have liicir Letters to the 
Res]>eetivc- (iovenuneuts })Ut U|) in liai,'s apart, — 

"These are also to givi; Xotice, That Letters will lie taken in at the (lemial Post Ollice in 
London. dire<'ted for New Enj^iand, Xcw ^'ork, Xcw .lersey — ^on the same Post niu'lils as those for 
the Planlation-Islands." — " P.oston X<avs Letter," Octolier, 170."). 



THE CITY OF TKKXToX. 



Tho " Xt'W York (iazctto" (July lilst, 17^2) siKaks of thu (icneral Post-Odicc as liaviiifr been 
estal)lislie(l al)out tliiity-eiirlit years previously by Colonel Ilaniilton, of New Jersey, rostmaster- 
(leiieral Alexander S|>()ts\voo(l extends the serviee to W'illianisburg, Yirginia. 

An alistrart of net ])asseil in the nintli of Anne, from the "Boston News lA'tter,"' January 
•JStli-Feliruary -Itli. 1711. relative to (lir •• Kstahlishinir of a (ieneral Post Olliee for all Her 
Majestv's Dominions."" shows the foljuuini.' rati'S for all " Letters, Packets ite. to or from any 
Piaees lieyonil the Seas : " 

s. <1. 
Siniih' (■) 
Douliic 1 I) 

Treble 1 (J 
I, Ounee 2 

s. (1. 

Sintilr 1 

'roni Pertii Ainboy iV I'.riilliiiiitnii to any Place not cxceeciintj; (il) iCnulisli .Miles J l)mil,l,. o s 

and thcnei' back aiiain 1 'I'l-,.),!,. ] () 

[ Oniicc 1 I 



From .\nr Yuri; to I'liili AiiiIkh/ ■.u\i\ lli-idliniiton [Uurlinuton] anil from each of 
those Piaees to New ^'ork and from .New N'ork to .-iiiy Placi' not cxcccdini:- 
KH) Kniilisli Miles and from each of those Places to New ^'urk 



I Single (I (i 

I"|-(ini Peith .\mboy ami ]>ridlin<:tnn to any Place not exceedin'/ 100 I-jiL;li>li J Ddulil,. 1 ii 

.Miles and thence back ajiain Treble 1 (i 

Ounee 2 

The first notii'c of the establishment (if a jMist-oHice at Trenton, which has yet conie to the 
at tent inn of the w riter. is in the ■■.\merican Weekly Mci-ciiry."" Se|itemliei- .■)lh-l l^th. I 7."> I. Therein 
a ■■Pllblick Notice"" is tiivcn of a liost-olhce •■settled at Triiilnu at the llnllse of .lii^ijili li'nil Ksii ; 
his Sou Aiidriii- Hail lieint; aii|iointei| Post-Master." .\nili'e\v liccd liad already (|ualiliei|, and was 
eni|io\\ eicd to deliver Icttci's to all persons, if the missives were "directed foi' that Ciiunty."' The 
inhabitants could '"put in their Letters directed tnany Parts and iluc cai-c will be taken to send 
them."" 

Prolialilv the lii'st advci-tiscmcnt of micalled-for letters at Trenton post-oHice. is under the' date 
.Marcii 2.")tli. 17o"), an<l is as follows: ""William t'arnejiie, near h'iiKjs/nn ; .bilm Clark, ( .Vttorney, ) 
TrciiUiii ; John Hyde, llnjiciicll : Joseph ^lorton, PrhiirUnrn ; Richard Patterson, J'riiirctoini ; Jolni 
Stevens, Jiockii Hill : Ares Yanderlielt, Miii(l( iiIikkI. 

" Letters not taken up within three nmnths from this dale will be sent to tlie (len(>ral Post Olliee 
at Philadelphia."' 

The town of Ti-enton slnwly i;i'ew as a mail distributimi center. Hurim; the Pevolutinn 
.\braham Hunt was Postmaster, and from this city were disp.atchcd some of the post-riders, 
es]ieciall v those hired by tlii' Legislatui'c to carry the ntlieial conniiunications of ( loxcrnor LiviuLrston 
and the Council of Safety. The a lit In 'lit ic records of the Federal Post-( )thce date fi'om the year 1 7'. 10. 

In 17!n there were only six ]iost-otlices in the Stab' of New .lersey. and these were at Newark, 
I'Jizahethtown, Pridiretown (now Uahway), New Brunswick. Princeton and Ti"enton. The amount 
of reeeijits for the year endinj:- October ."itii. 17'.U. was S580, of which sum the Postmasters received 
810S."2(), leaving S421.. Si) as the net revenue. I)urinsr Cieneral WashiiiLitiin's Presidenti.-d adnnnis- 
tration John Sinjier receive(l the aiipoiutnient. Tlu' olliee at this time was kept in a house nu the 
corner of Warren and Hanover streets. 

JIajor Peter Cordon had his office at the cornt'r of State and Wari"en streets. Major (!ordon 
retained the olfiee only durinir part of .lefTerson's administi-atinn. when, having received from 
(iovernor liloondield the a]i]iointmi'nt of State Treasurer, ]\v at once resigned the oflicc of Post- 
master, and Charles Rice was appointed. He eontiiuied the office at the same jilaci' where Major 
(iordon had established it. He remained in olfiee durinj; the administrations of James Madison 
and James Monroe. 

In the year 1S21, a new a])pointment was made in James J. Wilson as Postmaster of Trenton, 
in 1S"24 Mr. Wilson died, an<l his wife served out his term of olHcc. She continued in the ofliee 
tmtil Cencn-al Jackson"s seeond term, wlien Josciih Cunniui^ham received the apiiointment on tlie 



tllK (TTV (")F TIlKXToN*. 



141 



third ilay nf Jaiuiai'v. 1 s;',."). Dmin- ],\^ irriii tlic dlHif wa-: kept in lii> nun IkjIl-c upon thr spuf 
(iccilpicil l>y till' lati- William IImIi.ih ami .Idiiallian lilarkwcll as a whnlcsalc Lirncri-y. llr held tlic 
ofHco durin,a- part of Jacksun's last term and Martin \'au liurcirs sintile trrni. 

Dr. Jdlm ^[rKrlway rniiovcd his i,{\\rr {n the Imildinu nii W'c-I State stl'eet next til tJie 
.Meehanies National Hank, .h.siph .Instiie kept the pusl-olli.c in the liriek iidiise on Warren street 
wliere .Tames .1. ^\'ils(ln had l'..nneily servid the eilizeii^. .hihii S. Mi-( 'ully's nlliee was (in East 
State street, midway hetwceii r,iiia<l and Warren, <ai thesonth sidenf the-lnit and <-. mtiLMKins tu 
tile nil! Mansion Hnii-e. |-',i|- a U'W iiMaiihs William .\. r.eiij.imin kept his nlliee wliere Mr. 
MeCnlly hail it, when it was m.ived ti> the City Hall. '{'he ulliee was ke[it hy .Id.sliua Junes 
on Broad street, jnst helow 
State, and at one time on the 
corner of ^\'arl■en and Front, 
Frederics. JMcXeely moved 
the office to Taylor Hall, 
where it was eolltiinied h\' 
Israel Howell. Fpon the 
completion of the (iovern- 
rnent Buildinji tllemiL;l•atory 
cllaraeter of tile olliee ceases, 
and it heeomes a permanent 
institntioii. The (ioxerii- 
iiieiit lUiildinu. located upon 
the corner of State and 
Montuoniery stn^cts, was 
completed at the time of 
the C'eiitennial aimi\ei'sar\' 
of the indepenilellce of the 
rnited States. A conn li- 
ons strnctnre of uri'at archi- 
tect urnl heanty lits the 

1 mil dint; for the transaction of all the hiisiiiess of the rnited Stati's. Here meet the k'edcral Histrict 
and t'ircnit I'onrts. with apaitmenls fm- the rnileil Slates l)islricl .\tloniey, M.ii-,-lial. Clerks and 
for juries in civil and criminal cases propciK' I riahle hefore the l'"eileral .1 iiiIlics. .\ii electric elevator, 
liood ventilation and lifrlitini;" make this a model hiiildini; of its type. 

The followinfi- is an accurate list of the I'ostmaslers of this <'ity, as fnniished hy the I'ost-Ollice 
1 )epartiiieiit : 

O'sTMAsrKu. n.\Ti: 111- ai-i-ihn im i:n r. 

.lohn Sin^rcr, Fehrnary H'ltli. IT'.MI. 

I'eter (hirdon, ...... Sepiemlier 'Jolh, ITU'-'. 

Charles liice Xovemlier -iStli, lS(i:;. 

James J. Wil.soii Man-h I'-Jd. Is-_>1. 

Jane Wil-on \n,i.Mist 7lli. IS'JI. 

Joseph Cunnin.uhani, ..... .laiiiiary -'Id, \X-'>-i. 

Jolm McKelway, luiie ITtli, \s4± 

Josojih Justice, .lulyHlh. 1,S4:{. 

John S. .\h-Ciilly \].ril •_'.'.tli. ISI'.I. 

William .\. Henjamin .\pril tiih, 1 S ■'>•"., 

Joshua Jones \pril ITlli, l>>iil. 

Frederic S. McXccly Oelohcr 1-J(h, ISCC. 

Israel Howell F.'hrnary I'stli, is; |. 

Clnu-les H. Skinii, Fehru.iry L'Tlli, ISS.",. 

Eck ford .Moon • I )ceeiiil.er .'M, ISSC. 

Akx. C. Yard, May Ttit, ISXM. 

Frank H. I.alor, April oth, IS'.M. 




T'lsi-oi- 1- III-: Bi'ii.niN';. 



142 



THE CITY OF TIIKNTON. 



Frank II. T/ilor, inx'sciit Postmaster of Trenton, was horn A)iril (itli, ]S.}2, on tlu^ old Lalor 
homestead. When a hoy lie located in Ohio, whert' lie attended the |iuhlii' schools, and in ISIIS 
was graduated from the IIii;h Scliool at Tnleclo. lie returned to 'rreiitipii and took a course in the 

Model Sciiool, |ii'e|iaratorv for collejfe. in 
the fall of ISC)',) he entered the So])hoinore 
Class at I'j-inceton ('ollei.'c. ;.'nidiiatiii.ii: fi-oiii 
that institution in 1S72. .After conipletin;r 
his college course he entered the drilt: husi- 
ncss with Mr. (i. .\. Man-old. In ls7l .Mr, 
Lalor ciiLiaiicd in husiness for himself, juir- 
chasinii- a half interest in the wholesale drufj; 
cstahlishnient of (leorgi! F. \\'ilson, lie is 
now proprietor of two stores, one on the 
I'orner of South TJroad and Market streets, 
and one at N'o. I '_' N'oitli Warren street. 

In ISSM .Mr. Lalor was elected a mcmher 
of the IJoard of Kdueation. and was I'resideiit 
of that hody duiaiiL;' the years ISS.") aiid IS.SIJ. 
In jS'.KI he wa^ niailc City Su]ierintendcnt 
of the pulilic schools, in wliicli capacity he 
served four years. In IN'.M he was a|)pointi'd 
Postmaster, a position foi- which he is well 
i|Uali(icd. ^ir. Lalor is ."^cci'etary of the 
LiidL^c of i'',lk,-, a positiiiii he has successfullv 
lillcd for several years. lie has hccii Pi'csi- 
ilelll of the .Mercer County Wheehllcli for 
two vears and a jironniii'iit nienihi'i' of the 
Xatioiial (Inard since 1.S72, having served 
nudci- C.iptain P>elville in Company .\. On 
Novemlier -JOth, ls7'.l, Mr. i/dor marrieil 
,\mia L. Titus, daughter of tln' late P.. \\". 
Titus, of 'i'reiiton. He is oni' of the most puhlic-spiriti'd nicu in Trenton, and the many positions 
of iioiior he h.as so successfully lillcd have never hccu sought hy him personally. 




Fjiank H. LAi.'tlt. 



Thf. S'rATi-: ilorsK, 

In sjiitc of the ri'commcndatioiis of (lovenior Livingston in his message of Septcmlier, 1771), 
to the end that the Capitol of New Jersev he conveniently lucatcd, no defmite legislative action was 
taken on this suiiject until Xoveinhci- Kith, 17'.ll, when a hill was introiluced in the House of 
.\sscml)ly, entitled ■■.\nait to ]irovide ^uitahlc luiildings I'oi- tin- acconuiiodatiou nf ihi' Legislature 
and puhlie ollieers of this State," 'i'hi' old I'^ast and ^\'est .Ii'rsey feeling ero]iped out in the elfoi-ts 
to have New Pirtmswick and Woodhury inserted in the [ilaci' of 'i"r<'ntoii. This was to no avail, for 
on the twenty-fifth of Novcmhcr, 17'.'n, the seat of Slate government hail hecii fixed .at Trenton. ( )ii 
Novemher 2'2d, 17'.M, .loscph Cooper, Thomas Lowery, .Iani(>s Kwing, Maski'll Lwing, Ceorge 
.\nderson, .lames Mott and Moore Furman were a|ipointei| c'ommissioners. with power to purchase 
or accept such <|uantity of land at the scat of goveinmeiit as they might deem |iiii]ier for the use of 
the State, They were authorized to draw on the Treasurer for any sums not exceeding L'l,.")l)(), 
and were furthermore cmiiowered to accept grants of money fo|- the purjioses aforesaid, 

]>y a report of a committee of the House and Council, made one year later, it appears that the 
commissioners received £3,500 from the treasury of the State, together with £12 ids. received from 
sale of articles helonging to New Jersey. There was ohtaineil from the inhahit.ants of "i'l-enfon and 
the vicinity, hy suhscripition, the smii of £.'>07 l^s. (Id. iu cash, togcthci- with land .-ind materials 
for huilding, to the value of £o40 !)s. od. 

It was fo\ind that the commissioners ha<l expcndeil £;?,<S20 I'.ts. oAd. on the State House. 



TlIK CITY OF TRKNTON. 



143 



Tho State House, as ereeteil liy tlie ennmiissidiiiTs. stuncl u|i(iii the ln| iiccii])ic(l 1)V the iircseiit 
i'(litice. Delaware avenue was iidt laid out until snnir ycai-s lain-, wluii tlir street was donated to 
till' i-ity of 'I'rmtou li\ rx-l'iiitrd Slatrs Sriiatni- ( lan-it i ». Wall. ..f i;ii|-|iiii;ton. 

The wliole front nf tlir Stair Ilousr jut is twii liinidird and fortv-si'\ rii fn-t six inelu-s im State 
strret, and the wlmlr dr|itli fi-iau State Strrrt t<i li lU -w atrr mark is six iiundrrd and sixtv feet. 

Thr whole land contains tlii-rc and tliiiT-i|U.irti'i' aci-cs, and thr nitirr cust was H^'iO os. 
At tliis iiiriod thf Sceri'tary of Statr and Cli-rk uf the Sui>niiir Cmn-t were jirox-ided witii st'parate 
ofliees. at a rost of il.'SlO, as a conmiitti'r rr|iiiii df XoMnilirr llh. J7'-l(;. shows. Urnjaniin Sniitii 
was thr runiniissionci- a|i)Hiintrd to nrcl these iilliccs. Ily IT'n; tin- m-ivinal Statr Huusr was 

linishrd at a fuithn rust iif UT'-".!. In 17'.!'^ .M ■■ Fuinian imlu^cil the Stair llini^r lut. and in 

IT'.lil a hrick ))a\rii]rnl was laid annnid the idilirc ( )n thr fnnrlli of Nci\rnihri-, ls(l|^ a Irui.^lativr 
riiiinnittrr ir]i(irtrd that |iainl on thr | ila I I'l in ii, h.anislris, lirHVx' and windows, \\itli iirw str|)S, was 
nrrdrd, at a cost of $'i(H). Dnrint;' thi' year lS(i:! thr inhahilanl- nf Ihr riiy of 'I'l-riitim <;i-r:ill\- 
aniiiiyrd thr Leu;is]ature, as the follnwinu resolution liy the (Irnrial .\>Mnilil\' will ^Imw : "Thai a 
ronniiittrr hr a|i|i"intrd 111 in(|nirr iiilu thr raiisr and rimihirt iif Ihr mull assmililrd ill Ti'ruton in 
llir niiinth of Feliruary last, and also liy wlmsr dirrrtinn m- .-iiiiiji ilialinn thr Stair llnusr was oceu- 
piril as a hall rooui ou thr Itli nf .Inly, and nf thr rint in Trriitnn in -aiil iiionth, and whrtiirr thr 
niati'istratrs of Trmton used all dnr diliucnrr in sn|i|irrssiiii; said di-nidrr- ; and likrwisr whrthn- 
anv and liow many nf thr |irinri|ial inhahitants of said tnwii. as far :is ran lir asrrrtainnl. apprarrd 
:it thr timr to a]i)irnvr or disrountriianrr surll rnnihlrl, .111(1 thai lliry |-r|i(i|'t tn this house their 
n|iiniiiu thereon, and what mrasurrs, if any, would hr |ii(i|iri' in niilcr in |iir\(nl such disnrders in 
the future ; and that the enn unit tee have |inwer to send for sueh e\idriiris as thry think in'ct'ssary. " 

The first lei;islative aetion praetieally estalilisliini; custodians of the State House was ]iassed on 
the tenth of Novemlier, ISO.'!, and doiilitless was su.uiicsted hy tlii' nliiin\i(>u> hall nii 1 nde|Hiidenee 
|)av nf that year. It was thru 

" /i'i"x()//7y/. That on thr ad.ionrnilirnt nf thr Ir^li-lat lirr. Ihr rlrrk- nf .-is-riiihly and .Mnnre 
i-'urnian, ]'>i|., ol' either of them, he |-ei|llesled Intake ehari;e nf the Slate limine, with dil'ectinns 
llnl tn |iermit it tn he iiei n|iied fnl' any nlller |ilir|inse than for ihe arrnlill latinll nf thr rnllstitUtrd 

aiithnritirs fnr which it was rrrrti'd.'' 

Xnvrlilhrr lltll. a rrsnlutinll was passed liV liotll Houses, lilaeillL: the Slate llnUSe vard ill Ihe 

care nf James .J. Wilson, reserviiiu Ihe use nf the Imildin.ns in said yard for the necessary occasions 
nf the ollieers of lioveminent. .lames .1. Wilsnii was Clerk nf the .Vssenilily. 

in till' earlv part nf the |ireseiit cenlniw when the hiiislators remained permaiieiilh' in Tieiilnii 
durin.u' tlie session, ami when the legislative hniiis were ImiLi and the |e^islati\-e week iiiclnded six 
days, the meniher- of Cniineil and .Vsselnhly were called tn llieir diilirs hy ihr riiiLiini:- of a lirll. 
(Ill .Maivh .'id. lM)li. a law was passr'l a ppniiil inn rnmmi,~>innris In make rrrtaiii rrpairs tn thr 
State House and to provide and lian.i;- a suitalde hell. 

l^])on Noveuiher Hd, 1.S07, the eoniniissioners repoited 'that the repairs had heeu made anil a 
hell weij.diinf; oSl pniinds had heen hiniii." 

In 1S4S, the Capitol was altered hy the removal of the roujilieastiuf:-. TJu- " l>ef,dslative 
.Manual " thus deseriJM-s the ehantres : Neat pnrtieix'S were placed nxcr tlie front and rear entranees, 
and two additional hiiildiiiLjs. adjniiiiii'j Ihe main niie, erected, as ollices for tlie Clerks of the 
Chaueerv and Sujirenie Coui'ts. The rolnnda was also erected, and the urouniis fence<l, jiraded, laid 
out and shade-trees jilanted, all at a cost of .S27.000. The comniissinners umler whose directions tlie 
work was eomjileted were Samiirl I!. (Iimimere, Samuel I!. Ilainilton and Stacy A. I'axson. In 
]S(;,'.5, 1S64 and ISfi.^, ajipropriatiniis were made and expended in Imildini: additions for the Stale 
Tihrary, Executive Chaniher, iVc. In IS7I, Charles S. Olden. Tlmmas .1. Stryker and Lewis 
I'errine were a]ipoiiited cnmniissiniiers In cause a suitalile ailditinii In he Imilt — nmre eonunndious 
a|iartnients for the Senate and .\ssenihly, iVc. The stun of .S.V I. ( «K ) was appropriated, and the 
linildin;;s for the I>e,L'islature were ready for occupancy in time fnr tlie mcetini,' of the Le.uislaturi' of 
1.S7-J. In 1.S72, Sl'2(),()0() was a|.|iropriated fnr inmplelini; the huildiii-x, .S."!,<«K) for littin.« up tli.' 
Executive Chaniher, .SI. 00(1 fnr lilting' u|i the Chancery and Supreme Court rooms, and .S'_'.(MM) for 
littiuf; U]i the oflices on the llrsi llnor nf ihc' lasl wiiii;. In lS7o, the sum of 84.".,()l)() was appro- 
priated for the iiiiprovemeiit of the fmnt of the huildinj.', eomplelin.i,' unlinislied repairs and 
iniprovements and for littint; up the Lihrary, >Vi-. On .March ISth, 1.S7"), tiie sum of 81."),0()U was 



144 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



a|i|in>iiriatcil I'm- tlir |iiiriMisc' nf jiuttiiij.' a lU'w llirci'-sldrv fidiit Id the luiildiiij.', and In lit up iilliccs 
on till' sirtmd llnm- fm- tlic Clerks of tlii' Court of Clianrcry and Suprcnic Court, and I'oi- |ii(i\idiim' a 
suitalilc museum for ueolouieal s]>eeimens. Tlie liattk'-llaj:s of New Jersey volunteer reiiinjeiits, 
eai'i'ied duriuj; the War of tlie Kelielliou are tastefully arranged in oak eases in the central hall. The 
n4unda is heinji devoteil to the jiurposes of a State |iortrait gallery. 

On ^h^•eh 21st, ISS."), the front |portioii was destroyed l)y lire, and the Legislature a|i|iro|iiiatcd 
Sod.tll'C f'lr rehuiMiuii', and, in IS.SC), an additional appropriation of .S22o. ()()() was gi-anted. 

The new liuildiiii: was hnished in ISS'.I. It is of reetant;ulai- shape and of the Uenaissanee style 
of arehiteeture, with a frontauc of one hundred and si.xty feet on State street, a dejjtli of sixty-seven 
feet, an<l tlu'ee and a half stories hiiih. with a rotunda thirty-nine feet across, wliieh connects the 
new section of the Capitol with the oriirinal part. The rotunda is sui'iuountcd hy a tiilded dome one 
hundred and forty-live fi'ct hi;.di. 

The iiuildin;,r is constructed of ^(>lid lii-e-pi-oof hi-ick masonry, faced with Indiana oolite, with 
l'o\mdations and trininnniis of New .lersey freestone. The portico and halcony arc supportcil hy 
ma.s-iivc pillars of polished irranite and are surmounted hy th<' coat-of-arnis of the State. 'J'lie ollice.s 
are tliorouuldv eipiippi'd and to each suite is attach<'d a tiii-proof vault. 

The old State l.iluary apartments arc now ociilpii'd liy the .\tto|-ncy-( Icncral, .'^talc Super- 
intendent of I'uhlic Instruiiion. Commissioner of I'lankiuL: and I nsurance and the State l!ui-cau of 
Statistics. In I'^'.U. owinti lo the many in<cin\ cniruccs of thi' room, a new Assendily Chamlur 
was erected, and necessary improxcmcnts wci-c mailc in the Supreme Court rooms and tlic Cuuil of 
Errors and .\i)peal^. The new AsscmMy Chamlier covers the site of the former room, and has a 
frontaii'e of one h\m<li'cd and Iwcnty feet on Hclaware street and a depth of si'vcnty-fivc feet ; is of 
lirownstonc. fi'om the Sto<kton (juarrics. and the trimmiuLrs of liLilit Indiana sIcjuc. The intci-ior 
is linished in Trent tile, ((Uartered oak and Italian statuary marlile. It is a lire-proof huildinti 
throughout, and is specially ventilated. The committee-room> aic ample and coii\euient. 

The other new a<ldition to lh<' Capitol prii\idcs a consultation-room U<v the .Indices of thi' 
Supreme Court and the Court of Errors ami Appeals and a pi'i\atc room foi- the CoviaMKpr. a room 
for the Museum of the ( icoloiiii'al Survey, and otlei' ollii-cs. 

An electric li.uht apparatus was also placed in llie Capil<il. E\ cry di-parliiicnt in the ImiMinu 
is now lighted hy electricity. 

A new Otis elevator in the front part of the huilding gives easy access to all the u|ipcr llooi-s. 



I'mo .^'lA'ri': Liia; m;'. . 



rpon tlu' eighteenth of Marrh, IT'.M'i. hy resolution. Masked Euing. Cleik of the House of 
Assemlilv, was ordered to prociu'c a case, to keep and preserve the hixiks lielonging to the l,(gis- 
lature. On l'\'hruary l^th. ISO], William (,'oxe, of Jku'lington ; I'^zra Darhy, of I'lssex, and .lohn 
A. Scudder, of Monmouth, were appointeil a Conuuittee on Itules. In t-atali>guing the lilirary. they 
found one hundred and sixty-eight vnlumcs. In 1 "< 1 •">. tin- lir.-l act was pa-^sed relative to the State 
Lihrary, and in IS-J'i, for the first time, a joint nu'cting created tlu' ollicc of State I.ihrarian. Previ- 
ous to this time, tile Clerk of the House had control of the hooks, .\ Law Lihrary Association, a 
close corjioration, composed of niemliers of the har. kept their lihrary in the Su|ireme Coini room 
until ISoT, when the two lihraries were consolidateil. 

From time to time, vai'ious a]ipro])riations have heeii made hy the Legislatiu'c towaril ijaa-i'asing 
the numher of \-olnmes. .\t the pi-cscnt time, the sliclves contain one of the hest-sclccted law 
lihraries in the Cnited States, the sets of early ICnglisli re]iorts heing ]>articularly eom])lete. The 
law and equity reports of the vai'ious Stati-s are also extremely comprehcnsix'c. (.)ne of the most 
perfect sets of (f/l the I'nited States (lovcrnmcnt I'eports yet collected is here fotuid. .\ \alualili' 
series of hooks relating to the industrial arts — particularly tliat of pottery — was ohtained through the 
interest that ex-(!ovcrnoi- ( leorge I!. Mi-Clcllan evinced in this matter. I'eference-hooks, Jcrsci/aiin, 
State and local histories ar<' inilcxcil for pnhlic consultation. In IS'.K). the present well-lighted 
lihrary, excellently managed hy the efficient Lihrarian, Colonel .Morri> L. Hamilton, was opened. 
It occupies the entire third-story front uf the Capit<il huilding. 



The city of tiientox. 



145 



Morris \\. IlainiltMii. i-^tatc l.ilirariaii, is a native of this State, havinif lieeii Imni at Oxfnnl 
Funiaee. Sussex ((iiuity, May ijlJtii, l.S^O. llis father. Saiinii'l It. Ilainihoii, \va< (Juarterinaster- 
Ceiieral of .W'W .lersey fur twenty-live years, and was a jMoniinent eiti/.en nf 'i'reiitun. lie traces 
his ancestry tu .h'hn IJaMiiltuu. wlmwas {'rovineial ( ioNenini- uf this State frimi IT^li to 17-J7, ami 
to An(h-ew RoticMiu. who was Sui-veyor-( iema-al of tin" I'l-ovinee ,at tjie same time. Tlie oi-iL'inal 
iniiiiiifrants were residents of Scotland, whemc tiny emii^rated to .\merica ahont ITHO. 

Colonel Hamilton was educated at the 'rreuton .\cademy, and |jre|iared for colleL;-e at the 
Lawrenceville Classical and Commercial lli^h School. In ]X-)'.K he i;i-adualed fi-om the ( 'olleu'e of 
New Jersey, limnediately aftei- com|jletin'i his eollci^c coiu'se. he coimiienced the >tudv of law 
with his father, at Trenton, and in IMl' lie wa- admilteil to the l>ar. I'oi- two \-ear> hi- was engaged 
ill the practice of his profession in Camilcii, New Jersey. From 1S4 I to fSJ'.l, h,' tilled a ])osition 
in the Philadelphia i(f>st-oflice. 

A desire for literary life led him to resign his clerical ])ositioii •■ind accept the j)osition of cditoi- 
of the "True iVinerican," juihlislieil in this city. This was the connncnccmcut of a sui'ccs^ful and 
hrilliaiit newsjiaiicr career, lasting over forty y<'ai-s. In ISo.'l. the " 'Pnie American " was sold to 
Judge Xaar, who hccaine its editor. ( >tlicr positions wci'e .at once oll'ereil Colonel Hamilton, and 
he has since l.ieen coiniected with several prominent dailies, hoth in the l^ast and W'e-t. 

Governor Fort a]i]iointed hini on his personal statT, 
with the rank of Colonel, and he served in that capac-ity 
from 1851 to 1.S54. On Fehruary 27th, ISSI, he was 
elected State Lihrarian, and since has held that posi- 
tion. He is the most thoro\itihly i|Ua]ilied Lihrarian 
that New Jersey has ever hail. His large exiierience 
in general literary work and his extensive knowledge of 
law are invaluahle to him in his jircsciit jxisition. 

Colonel Hamilton, although well advanced in years, 
is a very active mail, ami is still a familiar figure in 
])olitical and social circles. He is |iromineiitly con- 
nected with Concordia Lodge, No. -1, I. ( >. O. 1''., of this 
city, and is a Mason, hoMing his niemhership with 
Lod^c No. 1">. of Camileii, New Jersey. 

In lN4t, Colonel Hamilton \vas mai'iacil to llariici 
P. Halstead, of Newark, a granddaughter of Covci-iior 
Pennington. Of his four sons, the eldest. Captain VA\\> 
Ilannlton, of the Fifteenth New Jersey I!egiment. wa- 
fatally wounded at the hattle of the Wilderness, and the 
youngest, Harry, was widely known as an .\ctuary of 
Insurance and translator of N'irgil and Saunders' Medi- 
cal Hictionarv. His two living sons are (piite distinguished men; one of them. I'ritz. heiiig an 
artist of rccMignized ahility, at Louisville, Kentucky, and the othci-, Frank, connected with the 
United States Navy l)e]iartnient, at Waslnngtoli, I). C. His dauglitci-s, of whom he has three, are 
all married, and I'csidc, one in .Newark, the other two in this citv. 




MOBRIS H. H.VMIl.TON. 



(ilJKAT Sic.M. oi- Ni:w Ji:itsKY. 



The ollice of till' Secretary of State, at the Cajiitol, contains the original (!reat Seal of New 
Jersey, togetlu'r with the resolution |iroviding for its adoption. The ]ires(iil (!reat Seal was ordered 
hy the (ieneral Asseiiiply and Council, silting in Princeton, Scjttcnilicr (ith, I77<). 

On Octoher od, 177C), Francis Ilopkinson, the "Signer," was ordered to employ a jiropcr 
person in Philadelphia to ]irepare the silver seal of the State. This symhol of Slate authority was 
to he round, two and one-half inches in diameter and three-eighths of an inch thick. The arms 
were three plows in an escutcheon, the sujiporters Lihcrty and Ceres and the <rest a iiorse's head, 
with the words "The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey. 
T 



146 



THE CITY OF TIIENTON. 



IIii|ikiiis(>n consultc'il with tlic :irtist-arclia'i)l(i^'ist, IMcrrc Eutrrnc Dn Simitirrc. wlm. in Octo- 
ln-r, 177(i, drew tlio drsi^Mi, 

F(ir want of a |irii])ci- -^ymliiil uf sovcrcitinty. tiic ]irivati' arms of ( nivcrnnr \\'iliiani l.iviniiston 
wi'lH' used as tlu' (ircat Seal of Ni-w .Icrscy from ( Ictolici'. 177<i. to Mav. 1777. or ilnrini:' llic |ici'io(l 
wliilc the |>rcscnt (ircat Sral of tiic State was in tlir hands of thi- artist and cmiiavci-. 

IScyouil douht. till- Statr lias no ollicial motto, and tlic woi-ils "j.ilicrly anil l'ros|ii lity " 
arc sini]ily cX|ilanatory of tlir sn|iiiorti'rs. I'rrvions to thr |iii--rnt rrntnry. a \arirty of mottoes 
were usiil. 

Nkw Jkhsev Si'iiooi. I'oK |)i:Ai--.MrTK.s. 

The New Jersey School foi- 1 )(.>af-Mntes occupies the coimnodions l)iiildin}f and grounds for- 
merly lieloniiinir to the Soldiers' Children's IJonie. at the coi'iier of Hamilton and Cl lest nut a\enues, 
ahout a nnle and a i|iiarter from the State (.'apitol. l!y an act of the I-cgislature, a]iiiroved March 




Nkw .jKKSllv .Srihi'ii iiiK 1 ii: \i ^n I lis. 



.'ilst, INS-Jj this ]iio|ierty was set apart for its present use, and a lloiird of Trnstees, cousistini;- of the 
(iovcrnor, the State ('om|itroller, the State Superintendent of I'lililic Instrnition and eiulit other 
jicntlcmen, was a])pointed. 

The huildin.us and grounds, nndei- appropi-iate IcLiislation, have heen impi-ovcd to meet the 
(U'niands of the school, which was o]ieneil, with ninety |iupils, in ISS.'!. The ohject of this institu- 
tion is to i^ivc to children thus alfiietcd a know Icd.iic of the En.t.dish lanuuauc in its written and. if 
jiossihle, in its spoken form. 'I'his knowleili.'e, e.\ce])t for such institutions, woidd never he 
ac(|Mired. The pupils arc instructed in the laidinients of an En;:lish education. Tlie\- are 
also trained to acquire such a decree of Liciici-al intclliL:ence and of manual dc\terit\- that tlie\' mav 
hecome sclf-supportiuu' men and women. Their ti'aininii also enaliles moral forces to he hi-oui;ht to 
hear ujion them, with the effect of raisiiii;- them from a condition of moral irrcsponsiliilit\- to the 
h'Vcl of respectable citizt'us. 

Of this .school, ^\'c■ston Jenkins is Principal, with an cllicicnt coi-ps of insti-uclors in the various 
departments. 



THE (iTV OF TIIENTOX. 



147 



Till-; First Ni:\v Jkusey Statk I'kison. 

Prrvidtis tu tlic yrai- 17'l7. tlir State ]irisiiiicf.s wcfc kr|il in tlic (•(Uiiity jails. 'I'iicsc wore 
listially ]Mi(>ily-\riitilatr(l, ill-li;:lit(Ml. (iisrasi-lifeediii.u ilistit iitioiis, wlnrc ni-ii ami wciiiini wcfc 
thfdwii ti'iicthci-. witliciut fclriTiicc Id sa iiitatinii < n' 11 lofals. .M unlriMas, ilninkarils. cnuntcrrritcrs, 

tliifvcs, ] r ilcl.tnrs, idiuts and lunatics met iipdii a ronininn lc\i'l. 'I'm nnirdv this evil tlir 

J.c.nislaturc laiiscd \n lie erected a |irisdn, w liieli has U|iiiii its IVniit the follnwinii- iiis(a-i|iticiii — its [nir- 
liose thus succinclly explained : 



T. Allot;, SiiJCNcic, ri';NiTi-;N('i-:. 

Till-; l'l•:.^■n■l•;^•Tl.\l;^' Hinsi-:, 

Ekiccticii I!V r,i:(;]si,ATivi-; 

Ariiininrv. 

Kn iiAiMi llow i:i,i,. (i<ivi;i;.\(ii,'. 

I\ TIllO XXII. VIOAl; III-' 

A .M i-:iMrA N 1 N I ii-;i'i-:.\ i ii-:m k, 

MII((X( A'll. 

That Timsi-: wiiu ai;i-; Fi-;ai;i-:ii 

i-'(ii! TiiKii; ('i;i.Mi:s, 
.May i.i-;ai;.\ to i-'i:ai: tiii-: I^aws 

AMI 1!!-; rsKFlI,. 

Hic Labor, Hoc Oris. 




TlIK AllSKNAl,. 



.Tonathan l)oane, fathi-r of l'.isliii|i l>iiaiie. was the liuild<r. The ni.-iin laiildinu "as aliout 
eighty ieet front liy two hundi-cd h-i-t dei-|,, huilt ol' .gray sandstone, and, with its walls of like 
material, i-ovircd ahoiit thri-e acres of uroiind. 

The wall, which c(iiii)ilet(-ly iiK-losi-d the m.-iiii edilici-, was ahoul twenty feet lii'.:li. It was sur- 
mounted hy a wo(id(-n roller, the entire leiiglh, into which were driven sliar|i iron spikes, for the 
preveiition of the esca|ii' of jirisoiicrs. 

In till- center of the wall, and on the top, ininiediatelv opposite the main huildiiiLT. was c-rected 
tlie ,<ruaril-house, so arranged as to o\ei'look tin- entire premise^. Then-in a sentry kept cuntinua] 
watch. Solitary i-oiilini-meiit was unknown. 

The rapid increase in the )iopulatioii of Xi-w .Ii-rsev and the general overspreading of the 
criminal classi-s led the Legislature to ahandon tin- old huilding and i-n-ct a new one within a sipiare 
of the first (-ililice. The messag(-s of (ioveriiors X'ronni and Southard gave an inceiitive to the mat- 
ter, and upon the coniplction nf the present prison it was proposed th.it the old one In- converted into 
an arsenal for tin- safe keeping of the arms and militarv |iro]ierty of the Stale, which, previous to 
that time, had lii-i-n kept in the old State Hank, corner of Warren and Hank streets, 'i'lii- aeeoiiter- 
meiits and camp and garrison eipiipage had heeii stored at the State House. .\fler the removal of 
till- State convicts from tin- old prison, |iermission was given to the county of .Mercer to occupy it as 
a jail until their jail, then in course of conipletion, was finislied, and when if was again vai-aU-d it 
was eoiivi-rted into an arsi-n.-d. 



Tin: l'i;i-:si-:.\'r Stati-: I'kison. 

This massive structure, in the I-lgNplian style of arcliileeture, is huilt of lowing red sandstone 
and is situated on the lilm-k inclosed liv I-'cderal, Thinl, Cass and S(-coiid streets. Il is one of the 
finest institutions of its kind in the (-ountry. Its erection was anlliorizi-d hy an act of the I,egisla- 
ture, passed February l-'ith, IS."!;;, anil it was (-om]ileted in the year l>>-".l), having one liundred and 
fifty cells, at a cost of ahoul -SI SI ),()()(). 

The main Imilding is the residence of the Keeper. I'rom the "Ci-nli-r" several wings, con- 
structed at various times, radiate north, soulli and wi-sl. 



14S 



TlIK CITY OF TRENTOX. 



From time to time the prison ha? l)ccn enlar<re(l, and altliouirli tliere is not sufficient room to 
all'ord sejiarate conlinenu'nt for each ])risoner, as recniired l)y law, tlie jirovisions of tlie act are cai'- 
ried out as far as jiossilile. I'ndcr tlie lion. .lului 11. Patterson, Keeper, the rules and regulations 
now in force have brouijiht the internal afl'airs of tlir institution, as to <'lcanliness, discijiline and 
vielualint;, to a much hijiher standard than was ever hcfore nachcil. 

On March -Ith, hS-lT. S-"),0()() was a])pro])riatcd to huilil an additional winir to the orifjinal 
huildini:. Oii March "ioth, ISoo, Sir),()00 was jiranted for the cnction of a lu-w winj; for hospital 
pui-poscs. On Mai'ch '22d, IStJO, the sum of S17,(H)0 was voted for llic |]Urj)osc of huildinjf an 
additional win<; for cells, and on Fchrnary Kith, ISUl, a further sum of -S'i.'i-I^J.Ol was a])i)roi)riated 
to complete the same. On April Kith. lS(iS, i^li, ()()() was ajipropriated for the hnildinjr of an addi- 
tional winu', to ]irovide room for female convicts. .\n act passed .\pril l!il. iMi'.l. pi'o\ided for the 
.•i]ipointiiicnt of commissioners to exteml the liiMund^ of the piismi to the wall of the State Arsenal, 
to huild an additional wing and worksliops, and made an appropriation of §.")(),()()() fur that 
l)Urpose. and in the same month $i),7-")4 was ajiiiropriated foi' tlie purpose of completing the wing of 
the female departiiieiit. On .\pril Itli, |S71, the siiiii of !<7"i.l II 10 was ap| jropriateil for the ]jur]ios(i 
of completing the new or east wing, and on .Vpi'il Ith. \S~-2. a furtlier sum of !?2'S, 7<)() was ajiiiro- 
priated for the eonipletioii of the same. March iid, 1S7-1. sp_>,(l(i() was \dted for the construction 

of gas works for the sujijily of 
illuminating gas for the ]irison. 
On March 8th, 1877, the sum 
of S10(),{)00\vasa])iiropriate<l for 
the enlargement of the ]irison 
and the purchase of a hurial- 
groimd for deceased convicts. 
The north wing was remodeled 
iiiit of this last appropriation, 
and a liurial-ground purchased. 
The imiirovcnieuts to tlu; 
.\ew Jersey State Prison now 
under way are calculated, in a 
great degree, to further the 
etliciency of this institution. 
There is a new cell-house, one 
hundred ami sixty liy forty- 
eight feet, huilt of stone. TliO 
cells, of which there are four 
tiers, will lie liuilt entirely of 
iron and steel, with concrete 
lloors. Of these cells, two hun- 
dred are live feet wide, Sevell feet long, and scVell feet high. The two rows of cells will have 
lietwccii them what is calk'il a "utility corriilor," which contains all the gas. wati^r. air and 
sewer pipes. 

A hospital, in the sha| f a (Ireek cross, two stories high with haseinent, ami huilt of hrick, 

will have ahoiit two thousand four hundred sipiare feet on each llodr. This ImiMing is divided into 
three wards, with accommodations for aliout sixty patients. There is to he a dispeiisarv and operat- 
ing-room, nurses' room, dining-room and store-room. This hospital will he as coniplete in all its 
details as modern ap]iliances can make it. The w.anls can he completely isolated should occasion 
reipiire. The huilding will lie connected with the new cell-house hy a covered jiassageway. 
.\ new iron gate will he set in the wall, near the southeast tower, on Third street, 
'{"he ]ireseiit hospital over the "('enter'' will he used as a chajicl, which has long heen needed, 
and for which it is well adapted. 

The erecti<in of these new huildings will relieve the present crowded condition of the prison, and 
will make room for many needed iniprovemcnts, which, when completeil, will place the Xew Jersey 
State Prison on a jiar with any institution of the kind in the country. 

In excavating for the foundation of tlie new wing, a sujicrior quality of clay-gravel was found, 
Avhich was used on the streets around "Prison Square," making them ecjuul to any in the city. 




':^^^ 




ThkSjwtk riu.soN. 



THE riTY OK TltKXTOX. 



149 




l)uiiii,i: tlir nine years flinl Mr. I'attriMin has licni Krc]irr nf the |i|-is(Jii tlicrc lias liceii no 

lii-catli cif scanilal nv siiiii of \vr'iii.i;(l<iinif ; tin' staiiiliiiL! of tlii' |iri.-oii lias lucii raisi-il, |iunisliiiieiits 

lia\c' lircMi k'ssenwl. almscs aliolislicil, niulit schools c^tahli-hcil, conxiit- ticatid as liunian heinf^'s, 

ami all inovcniriits that tcmlc-il toward the i-croriiiation of thr convicts have rcccivcil liis cordial 

co-operation. 

.loliii II. Patterson was hoiii in .Middlctown 1o\vnslii|i. Moiinioiith coiint\-, .\c\\ .lersew in 1S84. 

He is the son of Hon. .lames Patterson, who jiicsided over the State Coiiiicil ( now Senate; nmler 

(iovernor Pennington. His grandfather, .hhii Patter- 
son, was also a nieinher of the State ('otnicil. 

Jehn Patterson was tairollcd in the ('oniineiital 

ai-iiiy at the age of eighteen, just prior to the hattle of 

Moiiiiioutli, and served initil our inde|ieii(lcn<-c was 

declared. Janies Patterson was in the War of ISfi'. 
The suhjeet of this sketch was raised on a farm, 

and now owns the homesti'ad fariii, which has tiecii in 

jHissession of the family for six generations, located on 

the lianks of the lieautiful Slii-cwslniry, opposite Pcd 

P>aiik, and is one of the most charming and hcalthx' 

locations in the State. 

In 1852 he went to California and engaged in 

mining, also "jiacking" goods across the mountains. 

He returned lionie in ]X'>7 and engaged in farming, 

oysteving and freighting on vessels. He was ahvays an 

ai'deiit Demoerat, and to<ik a prominenl part in the 

various eani}iaigns, doing ycomaii ser\icc foi- his parly. 

Ill ISCiS he was elected Shcritf of MoniiK iiitli eoimly. In 

1S7'_' he was nominated for Congress. In 1S7I hi' was 

elected Doorkeeper of the House of Pepreselltatives, at 

Wasliington, I). ('., receiving c\'ery \(ilein the House. 

Ill lS7'i hi' returned to his farm, on whidi he was ipiii'lly eiigageil until issc, when he one day 

received a telegram to nicel the ( lovernor's messenger at lied liank, which he did, and was handed 

his eonimission as Keeper of the State Prison, which was the lirst intimation he had that his name 

had hccii thought of for that 
position. In IS'.)], li,. was 
re-appointed. His term will 
expire ill IS'.IC. Mr. Patter- 
son is one of the commission 
on the new huildiiig for the 
Slate Prison. The citizens of 
New .Jersey ean ]ioiiit with 
conmiendahle ]i r i d e to the 
management of this institu- 
tion, wliii'h is not excelled in 
this eoiintrv. 



Tin: Sr.\ri: l.Nnis'rui.vi, Scnocn, 

I'll I! ( illJl.S. 

rpon a farm of eighty 
acres, ill ICwiiig lii\viislii|>, near 
the city of Trenton, is Ineated 
the Slate Industrial School for 
(lirls. A siihslaiilial hiiilding, 



.I«'HN II. I'aI 1 Kit-.. IN. 



' ' ■ f , ' r* ' 




THK ST.VTK iMifSTItlAI. SclliHtt. KDIt OjKT-H 



Well ('(piipped. aci-oiiiniodales the persons selileliced under the ad of .\pril 'llll, 1S71. PrcviiUls )ii 
the erection of the new huildiiig, the School Was located at " Piiic (iruve," a large mansion, in 



loO 



Til 10 CITY OK TRENTOX. 



Soutli Trenton, overlookinji the ]X'la\vare river. Tliis litiUsr fdrniirly Ijilnnux-d to Jo.-epli Bona- 
parte, ex-King of Spain, who estal)lisliecl lii.s Imnie in IJordentown (luriiiu tlie early decades of the 

pri'sent eentvn'v. The school 
for "rirls is condncted liy a 
r.oard of Trustees and Lady 
Manafiers, of which the Itcv. 
(leortre ('. Ma<l(lock, of Tren- 
ton, is President, and Mrs. 
Marv A. M( l''a<lden is Matron. 



Tin; Conrr TIorsE. 

rpon the forniatiiin of the 
county of Mercer, the Court 
llon>e and annexed Surro- 
trate's and Clerk's ollices were 
coinnienced. These were lin- 
i>lied in 1S.")1). These edilices 
w<'l-c huilt of stuccoed hrick. 
in the Grecian style, at a 
cost of $70,000. (Iranite stei)S, 
with a liascnient of sandstone, 
ai-c features of these structures. 
The Clerk's office has i)een 




Mkhckk Cocntv Corirr Hoi-sK. 



l)urint;- the past half cciitui-y, many chanties have t.-d<en |ilaii 
connected with the main huildiuL;-, and a second stoi-y h:is hecn constiaicti'il. This i;ives a large 
room foi' the nieclinu' of tlie Board of Free- 
holders. A liri'-proof vault for county records 
has heen aildcd to tin- Clcl-k's ollice. The old 
jail is now usually devoted ti> the icceplion ot 
Cniled Slates ])risoners, whilst a new jail. 
witll <-ells in douhle tii'l'S. has lieell erected. 
.\ lioiK'r ami cook-house, willi a large side 
room, have heen add<'d. The i-o\n't-i'oom lin- 
heen recently removed, and a consulting-room 
has heen added thereto for the convenit'nce of 
the .lustice of the Su]irenie Court in circuit and 
the Law and Lay .halges. 

Tnic Xkw .IiciisEV State Noiim.m, 
A.Ni) MonEi, S<'iiooi,s. 

These famous eilucational instiluli<ins are 
locateil upon the S(|Uare hounded hy I'errv. 
Monmouth and South.ard streets, and Chiiton 
aveinie, containing a wicU'-spreading campus 
on the north and south of th(> schools. I'pon 
the east side of Clinton avenue ar<' located the 
l)oanling halls. An act of IS.'j.^ estahlished 
these institutions, wherein the jun'])ose of the 
Normal School was delined to he the training 
and education of its jiupils in such hranches .i.imes m. oukkn. 

of knowle<lge anil such methods of teaching 

and governing as will ipialify them for tcai-hers of our connnon schools. The Model School 
was designed to lie a place where the Normal students shall have an opportunity to oljserve ami 




THK CITY OF TUENTr)X. 



151 



pmctic<> tlic iiimli's (if instruction and (lisci|ilinc inculcatrd in tiir Xonnal Scliodl. and in wliirli 
jiupils may In' |irr]iai-c'il for thi' Xnrnial Sciiuni, Sini-c is.")."). \\,r .Mnilri Sciiciul. wliilst still nscd 
fur such iiurpuscs. has widcntMl its c-ni-i-irnluni. in rccnit years the .Mudrl triadualrs. |irc|iarrd fur 
university or (■(illri;c, lia\-c ranki'd wilh the Imnur ^tmlcnts nf thi' in(i>t faiiKins |ii-r|iaratiir\- schools 
of the United States. The Normal and Mudcl arc co-i'ducatioiial institutions, sii))|)ort a lunnliei- of 
literary sociclii's. uf widcli the oldi'st is the 'riii'Mcanic, sustain a scIkkiI papci-, '' The Siiiual," now 
ten years old. maintain active athletic and musical oi-^anizations, and an alumni association 
founded in lss',1. 

The original cost of the liuildiie^s and Liinnnds \va- .^ 1 •")."). 0(11 1, now increased to 8-"!.^0,( )()(). In 
lSi)() new huildiujis were li'ccted, and in IS',).", the uynnia-imn was ciini|ilefed. makiuir the schools 
thoroudily e(|Ui|i|icd. lUninu the yeai> .-incc is.")."), tl,,. Normal \in< Lii'aduatcd l,7.")(l students, 
whilst the .Model has anioUL;- its alumni and alnnina', men .and womi-n who have heeonic ]irominent 
in State ati'airs. The Mo.ld 
l^ehool and tlic IJoardiiii: Halls 
are self-supiiorting. The Nor- 
mal School is aidi'<l liy a §2S,- 
000 annual a])i)roi)riation from 
the State fif New .lersey. 

The I'rineipals of the 
Schools havi' heen William F. 
Phelps, l,s.").")-lS(;.-> ; .lohn S. 
Hart, 1S(;.")-1S71 : Lewis M. 
Johnson, lS71-lS7(i : M'asli- 
in.titon A. Haslirouek, ]S7(;_ 
liSSy, since which time .laim - 
M. Green has sia'Ncd in thai 
ca])acity. I'l'. -lames .Monroe |'. 
Cirecn was horn at Succa>uniia, 
^Morris county. New .lersey, 

Au-itlst L".ltll, 1S.")1. After 

pa.-^sinu- tlirouiili tin' disti-ict 

school at his home, hi' ellteled 

the New .lersey State .Model 
Scliool and later the .\e\\ 

Jersey State .Xm-mal Scl 1, 

jzraduatiiiL: fi'om the Lit lei- in 
1S7(). 

l'"or one year he tau.i;ht 
school at -Morris Plains, New 
Jersey, and three years at 
Lf)nfl Branch- H(! then en- 
tereil Dickinson ('olleiic in tlie 
full of 1.S74, and after two 

years in that institution was called to the P]incipalshi|) of the Poiii: I'.ranch lliirh School. Willi 
rare andiition he completed his eollcfre course as a nou-i'csident student, and received his houorarv 
dcfirees. He also pursued a sjiecial non-resident coui'se in connection with the Illinois \\ esleyan 
University, and received the de<rrees of 1>..\. and Ph.l). U])on examination. He has heen promi- 
nently identilied with the educational interests of New .lersey for twenty years, and has served 
on ninnerous committees, such as the School Law, and lias read many papers at Comity and 
State Institutes. 

Amonif the oMices which Dr. (Ii-eeii has held arc those of President of Xcw Jersey Stat<' 
Teachers' Association, in ]SS]. and Pnsiilent of New Jersey Sanitary Association, in IS.sii. 
He represented Xew Jersey in Xational Department of Superintclideuce at \\'as]iini.'lon, I). ('., 
in 1.SS7. Upon Oetoher Sth, ]S7S, he married Caroline Estclle Morris. They liavc two ciiildnn, 
Lucile an<l Pavard ^fonroe. Dr. Green is a mcmher of State Street .Methodist Episcopal Churi-li. 




'riiK Nkw ,M,\mini(.. '1'i.-,mi'1.|.:. 



152 



THE CITY OK TRENTON. 



TllK ^tlASONIC TkMI'I.K. 

One cif the (irst attciiijits to Imild a ^^:l^(llli(• Hall in 'rii'iitmi was dii Maicli l.-i, iMiO. wlnn 
the Masniiir Hall AssiiciatiDii of the city of Trcutoii was iiicoriioratnl with a caiiital stork of 
8.')(),(H)(), (liviilcd into shares of S20 each. 

Tlic coqiorators were .Jonathan 8. Fisli, David Xaar, ,h)sciil] JI. llou^h. Williaii] I!, l-'laiip, 
.hihn Woolvcrton, Thomas .1. Corson, Edward W. Sciiddcr, Harper Crozer, William T, Nicholson, 
Andrew Dutelier, Ellas Phillips, James S. Aitkin and William \V. L. Phillips. 

The .Masonic Temple of the city of Trenton is a particularly handsome structure. LM-acinj; the 
northwest corniT of State and Warren streets. The site of the Imildiii.u was pin-ehase(l for S6S,'2(X). 
Ju tlie erection of the luiildin,L', jiarticular stress was laid upon these considerations: Proper 
aceoniniochitions for the fraternity whose name the huildinji hears; the seeurinjr of the lar>;e.st 

amount of revenue for the 
outlay, and the erection of 
an edifice that would he a 
ci'cdit to the order as well as 
an ornament ti> the city. The 
plans of the structure were 
desiiiued hy .\iihitect William 
.\. I'oland, of Trenton, and tlie 
\arious contracts were awarded 
.May nil, l.S,S4. Ui)onthosix- 
tceulh of .Inne, 1.SS4, the eor- 
lur-slone was laid with iin])os- 
iuLT Masonic ceremonies. The 
huildinj: was occupied ahout 
May 1st, l.S.S.j. The Temple 
as it at ]iresent stands has cost 
alioul ssd.iKiii, its alfairs heing 
iiianai^cd l>y a stock companv. 
The lirsl lloorofthehuild- 
'\\][S is devoted to stores, the 
coiner store heinu occupied hy 
I'lritlou. the drnu'nist. The 
second IIimh- is devoted to the 
purj loses of the JIasonie Cirand 
Ltxlge of the State of New 
.Jersey. The auditoi-iuin. which is a lariic assemhly-room, is also the armory of Company \, of 
tlie Seventh Re<,'inient. 'i'liis assemhly-room has also heen used for theatrical purposes and for 
entertainnient.s of a .social character. Other Masonic hodies, local an<l State lodges, meet in the 
liuilding. The uiijier rooms of the structure are dc\-oted to Rider's husiness college and the- gym- 
nasium thereto attached. 

Early Masonry in Trenton is directly associateil with the old Masonic Ilall, on ]-^-(int and 
South M'illow strc't'ts. The corner-stone of this edifices was laid upon the nineteenth day of August, 
17i).">, the structure lieing erected hy Trenton F^odge, No. •">, and owned hy this lodge until ISiii). 
Sliortly hei'ore this ]ieriod Taylor Opera iiouse was completed, and No. ■") moved into the 
lodge-rooms in that huilding. Since lS(i'.), the old .Masonic Temple has hi'i'ii ust^d as a place of 
residence and for small store purposes. 




llll'. 1)1. 1» ,\i.\.suMC 'rKMri.K. 



TlliC C.'lTV H.M.I.. 



The iiresent City Hall was huilt in the year ]S37. It was a three-story huilding, the mansard 
roof iiorlion not heiiig erected until within the last few years. The State street side was devoted to 



TUK CITY OF TRKNTOX. 



153 



sturc!^, as, in IS-M, tho City Hall ('iiiuiuittrc wcrr iiistructcd (o rent (lie olliccs and rooms to such 
lii_'o])lr as tlicv iniiilit (Ircin ))ro|K'r. Ily virtui' of the lirst rharti r i if tln'citw ilic >ravoi-. IJcrunli'i- 
ami Alilrrnirn nf '{"rcntun were 
euii>o\vi.'n.'il to hold a (.■onrt <if F 
"(Icnrral (iuai'tcr Scssimis of 
the i'rnci'," which provision 
was soon repealed. In accurd- 
ancc tlici-cwith, the Cnuncil 

Chaniher was fltteil with a 

f 
Judges' liellch, which ixtended 

along tlie O'll-th >ide (jf till' 

rddiii, ami which was used l 

until a recent |ierii"l. , 

In the earl\- da\'s of tlic 
('it\' Hall, the hnildini: eon- 
tain i^d n hi i-ge asseinlilau'e- 
niiiin. w hich was used f(i|- puh- 
lic meetings, lectures, ■■shiiws" 
ami ex h i li i t i iins. At tins 
lici-i(i(I. the '■ salddii, " as it was 
calleil. di\ided the IliUKirs 
with 'l'em|icranc-e I [all, Ta ylnr 
()|ii'ia Iliiir^c nut lieing huih 
mitil ISCT. 

.\ Herat inns liavi.' 1)een 
maile in the arrangements nf 
the City Hall, alth.iugh the 
general (lutline (jf the huilding 
remains as it was fifty years 
ago. In ISSo, the facade of 

the huilding was reiiuvated, and the furmer |Hilice stati<iii. mi the north of the edilice, was deviiled 
t" iitlici- munici]]al |iur|»)ses. At a later time, the cells were tui'ii (lUl. as the entire [lolice system 
had liecn li'ansferred to the (Central I'l'ccinct Station. 





yv. v'- fl 'I _^ 

li i 11 1 J 






-iss 






i"ll"fWIB»| 






r4m^\— 




TllK ClTV Uat.i., 



St. Fka.vcis llnsi'rrAi,, 



SI. f'r.incis Hiispital was estahlislieil in the year IsyO, the foundati<in-stone for the lirst huilding 
hcing laid on ()etnliei- |.")tli nf that ycai'. 'I"he hospital was dedi<-atcd hy IJisliop C'orrigau on ,May 
iilst, hsTh The grounds upon which the main huilding stands were purcliased for .S1,,S()(), from 
Samuel K. Wilsdn. On the piu'chasc-moncy he ri'ccivcd >>■")()() in cash, and generously doiiate(l lli<' 
remainder. 'I'he curner-stone of the chapel was hud on Decemher Slh, lS7i), and was dedicated hy 
Bisho]! ('orrigan on March 2.')th, hS.SO. The rcmr.inder of the heautiful grounds that surroun<l the 
hosjiital, were purchased in 18SS, for S20,()()(). In ISS'.I, on another part of the grounds, .sejiaratcd 
fmm the main iiospital, St. Josejih's was huilt fm- contagious diseases. On .\]iril "i-'^th, 1S!I.'). tln> 
c(jrner-stone', for the new wing in course of ert^ction, was laid hy 15ishop M(d'^iul. 

St. Fnmcis Hospital was incorporated hy an act (if the Legislature of tii<' State of New .Icrscy, 
ap])n)Vod i)y the Governor, at the ninety-seventh session, Fehruary 12th, IS?-'!. Since that time 
almost 10,(X)0 patients have heen received at the hospital, and more than that nundier of outside 
patients have heen treated. The devoted Daughters of St. Francis know no rest, and tiu'V are truly 
blessed hy the siek and suffering throughout the State. No i|Uestion is a.-^ked with regard to religion 
or color. Everyone's faith is respected and never interfered with. The jieople of Trenton have 
always recognized the good work that this institution is doing. The Sisters hear testimony to their 
generosity on every occasion that they appeal to Iheni. With a phil.mthropy worthy of their nohle 
calling the leading i)hysicianH of the city devote their time gratuitously to the sick of the hospital. 



l.",l 



THE CITY OV TRENTON. 



Tlic luililc work thrv ilii is u suIiJitI dI' |n-;iise not niily ill tiiis city liut also in Nrw York and I'liila- 
ck'l|)liia. Tlic ](rcs»'nt liicinlicrs (if the stall' arc ('(imclius Siirplirnl. .M.D.. I'nsiilciit of StatV ; U.W. 
Mcdalliaril, M.D., Sctivlary, and Frank Cantwiil, .M. I)., Curator. .Mtcndinii Surjicons — Thomas 
II. MrKciizic, ('. Slicpliii-d and V. W Caiitwcll. .Vttcndin'j Plivsirians — Riclianl R. Rotrcrs. Ilorarc 




SI. rilAN' 1> Hi i^l-ITAI.. 



C. X.irton and I'.. W. McCalliard. ( lynarolo-ist— 1 )r. II. C. Witlicrill. Omlist— Nelson B. 
()li|iliant, .M.I). Sincr its I'orniation Sisti'r M. llyacintli lias Krcii in i-liari:r. Tlir success fif the 
lios[iital shows how well cvci'ytliiiii; has iirospcrcd iindci' lnr niana^iiiiciit. 



Mkrcku Hosimt.al. 

Mercer IIos|iital is located on nelle\ui' aveinic. in the western portion of the city of Trenton, 
and is one of the linest huildinns of its kind in the State. The hospital was foi'iiially dedicated 
upon the twentieth of March. IS')."). .Inst ten years hefore the clcdicatory services, a eont'erence 
with reference to the estalilishnieiit of a hospital was held at the resilience of the late lloii. IJarkcr 
(iunnnere, which in 1.S8.S resulted in a nioveinent toward the estahlishnient of a Protestant hospital. 
A certilieate of oriranization of the "Trenton Hospital,'' hearini;- date Noveniher l!)th, was recorded. 
The iiianaixenient of the hosjiital was vesteil in a Hoard of Directors consistiiiL' of Caleb S. Cireen, 
Samuel K. Wilson, Edward (Irant Cook. \V. \\'.'l. Phillijis. Charles E. Creen, ^V, 11. Skirm. \V. 
L. Dayton, R. P. Wilson, T. C. Hill, W. .M. I.,iniiin,i;-. W. H. ISrokaw, .T<ilin 11. Stewart, William 
S. Yard, C. P. Britton, -J. 11. Blackwell. The Hoard of Directors, however, never organized. 

The name of Dr. William W. L. Phillips, now Surj^eon of the National Soldiers' Home, in 
\'ir<;inia, is ne.xt indissoluhly connected with the Mercer Hospital movement. In Fehruary, 1S'.I2, 
]Mrs. Louisa, widow of JIarvey Fisk, with her son. Harvey Ivlward I'^isk. made a proposition to aid 
the enterjirise hy the conveyance of desirahle lots of land on Itellevue and Rutherford avenues as a 
sitt! for the projiosed hos])ital. Dr. Phillips thereupon sent a circular h'tti-r to the corporation of the 
Trenton Hospital and other jiersons interested in the matter. In response to this letter the followinLT 
iientlemcn met at the house of Dr. Phillips, on March Sth, lNi)2, and organized a new hospital 
corporation, under the name of the !SIereer Hosjiitnl : Vice Chancellor .John T. Bird, Dr. W. W. L. 
Philliiis, Rt. Rev. John Scarborough, Rev. .John Dixon, Hon. William S. Yard, Samuel K. Wilson, 



Tiii>: ( iTv OF Ti;i-;.\"T()X. 



155 




>> 


mwwn 




IlL 


1 


rs* 'IPP' 


wm' 


mm- 


ft 




% 





riiarlos E. Green, W. Tj. Daytmi, Iticlianl 1'. Wils<iii, l':inicr Iv (irccii, .Tolm II. Sruddcr, Samuel 
S. W'el.her, Frank 0. I!ri.i;-,L:s, William M. Lannin^-. 

The artiflcs nf incur] n iratii.n nf ilic .Mci-ccr li(is]iital wm- lllcd (]ii Api-JI I'Jtli, Is'Jl'. In .lamiarv, 
]S'.).'>, a letter was reeeivrd fium llar\cv i'"isl< ,V Sons, liy \\liicli tlir ln| nu ilcllrviU' avenue was 
donated to provide a site I'ur "a [nililie li(is|iital, wliirli sliall lie lur all classes, without distinetion 
of raee or ereed." 

On the first Monday in Fel>runry, ISi);], the iirst annual meetinu, was held. 'I'lie finance eomniittee, 
nn Scptemher lllth, ISit.'!, re]iorted .S20, ] lOsuIiscrihed in addition to land donaf<'d hy Mrs. Fisk's sons. 

The location of the Mercer IIos|iital is adiiiiialijc, i-oniiiiaiidinn a w ide sweep of river valle\- 
aljove the "Falls," and situated U|ioii a lid^^c of land, liii;li ahove the s ke and dust of the city. 

So much of the liuildiuLfs as ha\-e Ikimi coiiipleled, li.ave Keen hnilt willi the int<'ntion of earrvin,ir 
out what is known as tln' |ia\ilion sysleni, 'I'lie adminislr.ilion ImildinL;-, which now stands com- 
pleted, will form a eentei-, from whiili, as necessity may I'cipiii'e. m- ns the fnnds ai'e contrihute<l, 
wings or wards will he Imilt 
e\tendini;' from it ami con- 
nectinn with it hy what arc 
termeil sii'vicc Iniildinu's. 

The corner-stone of the 
administration huildinii was 
laid on Sei)temher 14th. IS'.l-'!. 
with appropi'iate ceremonies. 

The administration Imild- 
inji is a very handsome strnc- 
ture, seventy-one feel wide, 
forty-four feet dci'p, and lifty- 
foiu' feet in liciLilit. It lias 
thi'cc stories and is <'onslrncteil 
of stretcher red hrick, tiimmed 
in the niodci'n ideas of oina- 
mentatioii. .\ n i m |ios i n i: 
port coehere guards the en- 
trance, which is reached liy 
a tliuhl nf l.road stc|i>. The 
i)asement, which cxtendsunder 
the entire huildini;-, will he 

used for tlii' domestic service of the liousi'. It contain- a kilihcn, servants" i]inin,<.'-rooni, 
matron's oliiee, reception-room, medical ho.ard, lihiar\- and trustee^' room, toLiclher with several 
closets, instrument euphoai'ds and looms for niedii-al and smvieal supplies. 

( )n the second lloor are four rooms, each of which is furnished hy suhsca-iptions from the I'ri'shy- 

terian, Fpiseo[ial and Methodist cliuivhcs of the city, and room furnished hy th<' Lawrenceville 

Si-hool, On this lloor is also a children's war.l, liirni^hed hy Mr. W. L. Dayton and Miss Dayhm. 
The diet kitchen, iiurses' room, matron's ro(iiii and waf<'r-closets arc also on this lloor. On the third 
tloor are three wards, containin.i;- four |irivate heds. twenty-live ward heils and si.\ children's crihs. 

The operatiuii-room is situated in the northwest corner on the main lloor. and has a tiled lloor, 
with walls of -lazed hriek, and ,i;la<< on tlirc,' sides. The interior linidi of the huildiui: is in hard 
wooil in the natural color. Throu.Ldi the .t,'cnerosily of the Fisk family a house on lintlierf.ird av(anie 
i\ow hclon,t:s to the hos]iital, and use will he maile of it as occasion ri'ipiires. 

The |iresent I'.oanl of Dindors is composc<l of W. I.. Dayton, S. K. Wilson, Charles I']. Creen, 
v.. (1. Cook. W. S. Hancock, I!. P. Wilson, .lohn Scarh.>rou,i:h. .lohn Di.\oii, W. W. I,. I'hillii..s, 
\V. II. .'^kirm. W. II. Hrokaw, F. (iyhhon Spillshury, W. S. Yard, II. II. Hamill, J. II. Seudder, 
W. .M. LanninL^ It. A. Donni'lly, F. F. Orecn. 

The medical and sur).'ical stall' is ma.le up as follows: Considliu'; Surjicons— Drs. U- <■• 
WethcrillandC. IT. ?*lcllwaine. C'onsullin.ir Physicians— Drs. William FlmerandW. W. L. Phillij.s. 
Visitin.^ Surgeons— Drs. II. M. Week.s, N. P.. Oliphant, .loseph P.. Shaw, I. M. Sheph.Td. .1. S. 
Jamieson. VisitiuL' Physicians— Drs. C. F. Adams, W . S. Lalor, C. II. Dunliam, W. A. Clark, 
H. G. Norton. 



A^ 



•^ 




.Ann. If. Hcisi'ir.' 



156 



Til 10 (ITV OF TRK.NTo.X. 



TiiK TiiicxTDN City IldspiTAi.. 



Undi'V tlio active iiit('V(>st taken liy a minilicr nf |iiililic-s]>iritcil citizi'iis. lnokint: tnwanl the 
cstalilishiuciit of a liiis|iital, liicir clVdils were at last rcwai'ilcil. Al'tcr several years of ]ire])aratnry 
laliDrs, the 'rreiiton City llosiiital was ineoriiorateil May 17th, 1SS7. Soon thert'at'ter, the incorpo- 
rators (ipeneil ami eondueted a free dispensary at No. 7 North Stockton street lor two years. 
During' the sueecssful o|ieralion of the dispensary, the neeil for a lios|iital was so apparent that the 
ineorjiorators tratliercfl ahont them a Hoard of Manairers, for the purpose of estahlishinji sueh an 
institution. After a shoi't time, a ]iroj)crty was ]nu'chas(>d on llrunswiek avenue, and suitahly 
renovated and eipiipped tor hosjiital ]iurposes. The loealion of the lios]iital is ;dl that could he 
desired, while tlie salul)rious surroun<linj,^s arc conducive to the comfort ami health of the patients. 
The hospital was dedicated .June (Ith, IS.S!). Uejiairs hcinir comjilcted and a com])etcnt nurse 
secured, it was ready for tlie reception of ]iaticnts mi .Novcmlicr 1st. l.SSi). Uurim;- the year, or up 

lo Decemher 1st, 18iH), one hundred and tweuty- 
thrcc patients were admitted to tlie hospital. 

The propcrtv which was jiiu'chascd lielouL^cd 
to William Jvins, Escpiire, and is a house of 
the colonial tyiic, 40 .\ (iO feet, with eicht rooins 
lor jialicuts and an opcratinii-room. 

The following is the present IJoard of Man- 
M'jers : .lose] ill ^'. Lanniuji, Eusenc S. Davis. 
William A. W.'lls, Il(,n. Cc.r-v M. Koheson. 
lion, llarloii 1!. Hutchinson, licv. .loseph ]-'. 
Smith, 11. I)., licv. Ivlwanl .1. Knidit, Ross 
Slack, Hon. .lohn W. Cornell. Kn-ene P.. Witto, 
M.D.. Cci-v 11. P,,uls.,n, Rev. Charles II. 
I'llder. I'l-iif. Thwnias l.andon. Colonel .lames S. 
KiLii'r, Oliver ( ). Hownian. .lohn (iiiild .Muii- 
hcid. Amos .\. Randall. Rev. (JcorLfc C. Mad- 
dock, Rev.A\'illiam S. \'oorhis. Frank .1. Ejipcle, 
Jacoh L. TTcroM. I'resiilcnt. I Inn. (icorgc M. 
Roheson : Vice Presidents, Rev. E. .1. Kniirht, lion. Rarton P>. JIutchinson; Si'cretary, Colonel 
.lames S. Kiircr; Treasurer. Imi-cuc S. Davis. Es(|uirc : Superintendent. Dr. E. R. Witte ; Su]ier- 
visini; Nur.sc, Jfiss Ida F, Oilcs. The Mcdiinl and S\irL;ical Stall' is comiioscd of Suru-eon-in-Chief, 
Dr. E. R. Witte; Visitin- Physicians. Dr. A. W. .Mkin^.n. Dr. A. S. Fell, Dr. .1. II. McCullou,i:li, 
Dr. W. W. Woolcy : Consultins Physicians, Dr. W. II. (i. Orillith. Dr. W. O. .McCullou.i;h. Dr. 
A. K. Kline. Dr. E. R. Witlc. 

It has hcen tlie aim of the Alanagers to cstahlish not only a well-e(iuipped hos])ital, hut a 
'J'rainiui; School for Nurses, so that the usefulness of the institution mi.uht extend heyond its narrow 
eonlines. The Roard of Managers and Faculty of the school arc excrtint:- every effort in their 
]>ower to make this hranch of the entcr]irise as ,t,M-eat a success as the hosjiital itsi'lf. The course of 
study emhraccs cverythini.' of theoretical and practical value to a nurse in the discharire of her 
duties, ami makes her conipcteiit and .-it ease with any eiiicruency that may jireseiit itself in the sick- 
room. Resides the lecture course, which extends over a ])eriod of six months in each year for two 
years, each student is cx])eetcd to s])cnd a ct'rtain time in the dietary department, where she will 
he <ilili;_'e(l to prcjiare the various alimentary suhstances for the sick. 

Apjilicants for admission to the school must jiass a ])reliniinary examination, hoth mental and 
jihysical, and furnish a certificate of irood moral character from sonic minister of the irospcl. .\t 
the close of the two-years' course, ri.trid examinations ari' held, and the succcs.sful candidates rcceivt' 
a dijiloma. The Trainintr School was ojicned on Octoher 'I-Zd. 1S90, hy appropriate exercises, 
consist inj; of music, jirayers and addresses. After the rendition of .some select music, and ])rayer 
l.y Rev. Dr. Davis, Dr. E. R. Witte delivered the ad. Iress of the occasion. 

Throu.ixhout the history of the school, there liavi> been ten .irraduates, all of whom have hecome 
excellent nurses. 




1 IO iui.N r>jN (.11 ^ 11m.v]-i I 1 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



15 



Til Dr. E. 1!. ^\'itl^, Deuii of tlie Tmiiiiuir Schoiil and one of tlic Iradiiit; li(iin<iMi|iatlii(' ])liysicians 
licit (inly in Treiitun luit in New Jersey, creilit must In' largely t;iven fur tlie successful maintenance 
iif the institntidii. Often, ]iractically sinulc-liaiiilcil. he has fuiii^lit nvertdwiiin^ ilillicnhies, tlierehy 
remiiving oiijKisitiiiii tu the li(is|iital ami the huiiKedjiatliic trt'atnu'nt tiierein em|ilii\-eil. At the 
]iresent time, the liiis|iital is in a |inis|ieiiiiis cunilitinii. ]<]xteiisive ] ire) la rut inns are lieinn maili' hir 
the erectiuii uf new luiiMinjis, t" the em! th.at t he institutii m shall iiKa-ease its |ilan anil scupe uf 
usefulness. 

St.vti-: IIiisi'iTAL I'^ou Tin-: Ins.v.m;. 

Til Or. Lyndun .\. Smitli, of Ne\\ark. liclonLis the cri'ijit of ilirectinn tjie atteiitinn of tlie 
pco|ile of Ne\v .Fersey to the iieeils of an asylum for tlie insane. 'I'liis was at an addi'iss ileli\ereil 
liefore the State Medical Society. Ill lM:.!a joint resolution passed the LcLiisl.atm-c, autliiiri/iii,u 
(lovci'iior rcnninutoii to a|ipoint commissionci's to collect information in rcLiard to the nimiliei- .■ind 
ciindition of the insane in the State, and if an as\duni was deenied neeessarv, to ascertain the iiest 




.ST.VTK IIiisI'ITAI. ln|{ IILI-: I.s^..\.M.;. 



localilv for the same, the cost of its erection, and like data. This conimission consisted of Lewis 
Condicl, .lames I'arkia' and .John Clement. 

Th(>y re|i(irted to the l,cL;islature in Xii\emliei-, is l'_'. when it appeared that there were over four 
hundred |iersons in New .hr-ev w ho needed I reatment. The ma tier, howevci-. failed to awaken ^eii- 
erai interest and it was not until ISto, when .Miss Dorothea I.. Di.x, of Massachusetts, memoriali/.ed 
tile r>e,i;isla1ure, that any action was taken. Miss Di.x visited the various commitment places desi.iriU'd 
for the insane poor of the Stale, and urecntly eommended to the l,et;islaturc the sulijc'cl of pro\idini: 
nn asylum for their care and cure. .Moved hy the disinterested efforts and appeal of this dis- 
tinjruished and philanlhropic lady, the l.et;i>lalurc a]ipoinleil a joint committee, which rcpoi-tcd in 
favor of prompt action. The same year commissioners were ap]ioint('d to si'lect a suitahle site, and 
an a|ipro|irialiii)i made of 810,000 to jiay foi' the same, and >?'Jo,()00 toward the ci'cclion of the 
hnildini.'. 'I'hcse commissioners \vei-e Daniel Haines, Thomas Arrowsmith, John S. Condiet, .losepji 
Saunilers and M.imice JieMsley. 

The commissioners, after visitiuL' various loealities. determincil on the one upon whicii the 
liuililiiig nuw standfi. 



158 



TlIK CITY OF TltKXTOX. 



In 184"), the (idViTiior apijointcil ICli T. C'nolcy, Calvin llowt'll ami Saniurl Hush as (Mininiis- 
■iioncrs to fontrac't for and suinTiiitcml the cTcctinn ol' the luiililiii::- ; aii<l aftrr visithit; various 




SrATK IIosriTAL K'lK Till-; InsANI'; I Pv^ltrilJ. 



. ^ 



^ 



inslilulinns I'lH- tlir insane in olhrr Slates ami exaniiniuL; many plans. a'lii|ite<l the di-atl nfilcsiLin 
l>v l>r. T. S. Kiikliride, uf tlu' I'ennsyKania Hosjiital for the insane, tnim which a workinu' ]ilan 
was sulise(|Uently niade. 

This institution is loc-ated 
in Kwini: to\\nshi|i. northwest 
of Iheeitv ol' 'i'renton. ami mai' 
tile i)elaware ri\er. 'i'iie hnilil- 
inj: is Imiit of reddish sandstone 
(from tile Ewinu ijuarries on 
the itreinises), laid in ruhhle 
and liroken ranire work, and 
])ointed, with hannmr-dressed 
stone for liase. The erection 
of the Asylinn was done liy 
William l'hilli|)S and Joseph 
Wliittak( r, of Trenton — the 
iiuilders of the Slate House. 
It was opened for the reee|ition 
of jiatients May loth, 1S4S. 
Nuin<'rous additions were made 
to the liuililiiij;s from time to 
time. Tlie " Leirislative Man- 
ual " states that imder the 
direction of the jiroseiit SujMr- 

intendent, Dr. J. W. Ward, a line jireenhouse has lieen added. lie has introduced many iu;\v 
plans and devices fur tiic coinforl and amusement of the i)atients. Handsome pictures have been 








Statk Hospital f<hi tiid Insane (Nkw Bcilding). 



THE CITY OK TltKNTON. 15!) 

liuni;' up ill tlir wanls ninl ilni-initnvirs (if llic |i:ilii'ii(s. FIhwcvh ami aninsi'uiriits uf variiius 
kiiiils, with InMcaux. ilaiuiiiL:. ciiiicrrts ami |>(ii'i niiiaiiccH in tlir llicalcr. lend tdward llic rcstdi'a- 
timi "!' till' iiH'iilal liralth uf tlir iiuiiatcs. In ISS'J, a \:ivj:v iiru liuiMini;- was cri'i-tcd. 



Tiiio Onii i'^F.L lows' Home. 

'I'lir ()ii(l i'"iHii\\>' irniiii', fur aLii'il ami imli^riit nii'niluTS, is sitnatid al llic cui'iiir cif tlii' 
Scotch road and l'cnniiiL:toii avciiiic and is owmil and iiiaiia<_;cd h\' a cor|ioratioii coiiiiioscmI of alioiit 
sixty lodiics and ciicain|iiiicnts uf New .Icivcy. Ividi lodi:!' and cncaiii|iiiiciit lioldiiiii iiiciiilicrslii|i 
ill said corjioratioii is entitled to send iiicinlicrs as ininali'S at thi' lalio of one for each one hundicd 
iiiciiiliers. The Home is inaiiitaineil hy the assessniciit of one cent |ier week for each iiieiiitier of 
the lodii'cs l'e]ireselited. In ISS-J. the (liand l.odiic of New .lersey a|i|ioinled a coniniittee lo 
consider the fcasiliility of cstalilishinu smh a lionie. The site was ]Fiii-cliasc(l in 1SS7, and it was 
foniially dedicated .hnie 1 ftli, ISSS, liy (oaiid Master Joseph (ireaves. 

This property wa^ foiincily occiipicil liy 1 )i-. .laiieway and hy him sold lo Adam ( lark. The 
house is pleasantly sitiiatiMl in a ni'ovi' and is a commodious hiiildiiig. 

TiiK Yor.No Mi;n"s ('iikis'I'ian Associai'Ion. 

The \'ounjij IMen's C'liristian Assoeialiun uf Trenton, .as at pi-csciit i-onslilntcd, w.as or;_:aiii/,ed in 
the fall of ISSC, witli .ludiic William M. Lanniii- as I'resident. 11. M. Anderx.ii .is llecurdin- 
Scia-ct.ary, Samuel I.. I'.aily as Treasurer. Its lii'st (plartcrs were at '■'.'■'> West Stale sti-ecl. oi- ■•('(Hi- 
cordia Hall." now o\\ni'i| hy the " Siimlay .Vdvertisci',"' where it oceupii'(l part of a store on the 
L;iduml lluor. l.atei-. as the work L;rew, the entire store was put to the use of lln^ .\ss(pciatioii. The 
lirst (iciicral Seci'ctary was Iv Tahor Thompson, who was siicceeiled in 1 SS7 hv IJ. IJow.ird Ta\lui'. 
W. A. \'ciiter, the pri'seiit (leiici'al Scca-clary. suci-ceiled Mr. Taylor ill Xuvcmlxa- of Iss'.l. 

Aftir serviiii; a little less than a ycai', .ludL:c' LaniiiiiL; resiLincd and w as sMceccdeil li\- .Mr. Seriim 
1'. Hiinhaiii as President, who held this ollice for iieai'ly four years, .and on .Mr. Himliam's resii;iia- 
tion, .Mr. .1. A. ('aniiiliell. wlio is still sia'viilii- in that capacity, w.as clecti'd to till that position. .Mr, 
Anderson has continued as liccordin;:' Sccai'tary of the .Vssoci.ation since its orL;.ini/.itioii ; .Mr. liaih' 
n\siji:n('il as Treasurer a year aiio last ])eccinhcr, .Mr. Chai-li's 11. Casi' heim; ili'ctcd in his stead. 

Like all a.ssoeiations (rf a similar character, the depaitinents .and lines of wurk of the Trenton 
^'ouiii; .Men's Christian .\ssociatioii are varied and e.\tinsi\e. The old romns at '■'>■'> West Stale 
street soon ,L;rew too small for the work of the institution, and dniinji' the season of hSS'.l .ital IS'.H) 
the chiirclies (if the city were utili/ed for the reliLdous ser\ici'S. and \arioiis halls for cnterl.ainmciils 
and other L'atlierinfis ; soon this arraiiLieinent liccaine iiie\pcdi(ait, ami a suite of romns w ei'c occai- 
jiicd ill the ISaker Buildini;', the iiymnasium was located in .Masonic Hall IhiildinL;. j.ihrary ll.ill 
was engaged twice a week for cnlcrtaiiinn'nts, and the rcli;iious scr\ices were held in the ( )pcra 
House and the cliurches. 

In the spring of 1SSI2 the niassi\c hiiildini;: on Ivist State street was heguii hy the .\ssocia1ioii, 
tliis iiiovenieiit liein;^' maile possihle throiiiih the cITorls of its IJuilding Connnittee, heailcMl hy Mr. 
J. P.. Richardson and Mr. Fred. .1. Shade, who sc(aired a total of .'s 1 1 ).'),()()() for the huihliug and lot. 
The structure is two liiimlrcd and twenly-ci;:ht fci't deep, lifty-six fci't front, four stories liigh, cdii- 

taiiiiiig a eonnnodious hall seating; marly i thousand | pic, a very line gyimiasiimi, hath-rooiiis, 

locker-rooms and howling-alleys in the alliletie department ; jiarlors, reading-rooms, reereatioii- 
I'ooms and educational class-rooms. 

The huilding was furnished Ky the kelics of the Woman's .\iixiliary at a cost of aliout •S(),0(l(), 
and no more commodious edilice exists in this section of the eountry for the work of the Voung 
Men's ( 'hristian Association than in Trintnn. 

The iiieiiihershi]! of the institiilioii is Large, one thousand one liundi-eil and twenty-seven men 
and l)oys lieing enrolled, and the work of the .\ssocialion has spread, so thai now a large huilding 
is occupied on Perry street by its Penn.sylvania Pailroad Department, wdiicli nnnihers one hundreil 
and twelve niemhers. while the State Schools Department nutiihers si.xty-two niemhers. The 
Woman's .\uxiliary, the lirst President of which was Mrs. James Mose.s, has nearly one hundred 
anil lifty niemhers, .Mrs. J. J. Dale lieing the present President. 



IfiO 



THK CITY OF TRENTON. 



Fur fuiu- vi'jirs tlic Assiiciati.in 1ms iii.-niitain.Ml tlir hiriifst aiul must ugfrR'Ssivc n-litiimis wi.rk 
fur iiirii ill til.- Vountry. the avcrairi- att.-iulaiu-c at llir Suii.lay aft. riio..ii song servioi' alone aviTajiin.- 
one tlimisand and sixty-twn for last year, and in addition four Hil.le classes and five otlu-r rcli.uious 
services for men are liel.l ea.-h week. The entertainments jriven under the auspices of tin- Associa- 
tion durin- the past few years have ranke.l v.Ty hi-h. the hest attractions from the concert and 
Ivceuin platform liein^- hrouiiht to this city. 

As an adjunct to the .i;ymnasium. a line athletic lieM of seven acres has recently heen opened. 
and the hievcle clul>. hase-hall. foot-liall and tennis sections as well as the l>asket-l)all and other 
teams of the .■;yninasimn have raido'd very hi.uh. 

On the whole, the Young .Men's Christian .\ssociation of Trenton has heen a most prosperous 

and active (iruani/.ation, hut 
I the Dirt'Ctors are plamiiuL;- 
for even a larirer and h.'tter 
work dm'iiii: the connntf vcar 
than has evei- heen enjoyed in 
the past. 

Tni: Woman's Cuimsi ian Tkm- 
ri:i;ANci-; I'.mon llrii.hi.M;. 

rpon the twenty-ninth 

day of JM'hruary, ISTC, tjie 

Woman's Christian Temper- 

anci' riiion No. 1. nf Ti-i^nlon, 

^X^l was oruani/.ed in the ojil Y. M. 

I '. A. liooms, then situated on 

ihesei'ond Ijoornf L'd and '_'■_' 

l'!ast State slreet. the chief aim 

Ixini: the reclamation of the 

h'unkard throuizh the power 

if the (uispel. 

Durinu' the nineteen years 
of work the fiillowinu ladies 
ha\c sciAcd a< I'residents : 
Mr>. 1.. K. .\llcn. Miss .\nne 
T. r.aily, Mrs. ( '. K. iti.c Mrs. 
M. K.' (ia^kiil, .Mi>. i;. .M. 
.Viidcr^on. 

I'pon V.:\<\ State street, 

iM.N i,,i'.K.u;v. '"'-^^ I" ^'"' li"s<-oHice. is the 

Woman's Christian Tc'inper- 
anc.' Cnion huildinj.', .•ontainint; the Cni.m Lihrary. This handsome structuri' of hrownstone and 
hri.k was dedi.-ated in IS'.K). Cpon the lower 11. Kir is a r.M.m I".. r religious services an. I up..n thelhir.l 
s|..ry, a hall us.'.l tor puhlic .•nt.rtaiimi.nts. Th.' lihrary. upon the second ll.)or, is w.'ll e.piipp.'.l in 
many ]iarti<ulars, although lacking in funds ncce.s.sary 1.. .'nlarge its field of usefulness. I'-.'ing the 
.inly five lihrary in the city .)f a general character, an.l th.' s.il.' ivs..rt of scholars of the Stat.' and 
puhli.' s.-l Is, this lihrary ajjpeals to the generosity of th.' lih.rally-.lisi.osed citizens. 

In IST'.I th.A- .ihtaineil possess!. .n ..f th.' r.>mnaiil< .if th.' ..1.1 Trent. .n T.ihrary, numh.'ring one 

thousand live liun.lre.l 1 ks, ami th.' .ij.l Y. .M. C. .\. l.ilnary. wlii.'h amount.'.l in all t.. tw.i tli..u- 

salid hooks. They coutinue.l th.' free r.'a.ling-r.iom an.l .in-iilating lihrary. liy pers.'vcranc.' and 
untiring energy this lihrary ii.iw numhers seven th.iusan.l v.ilumes, lu'si.li's many ot the 1. 'a. ling 
peri.i.licals ami magazines of tlu' .lay. 

The enterprise, ajipealing to those philanthr.ipically in.lin.'.l. was s.i.ni to h.' transf.'rr.'.l to 
more coinmo.li.ius .|uartcrs. T.i this end Miss Mary .Ian.' M.irton ai-l.'.l so worthy a .'aus.' hy a 
gift of .?1,I)0(). 




THE CITY OF TUKNTON. 



1(11 



A stuck (•(iiii|iaiiy. witli a caiiilal uf .'<.")0,( )()!), was lui-nu'il and kiiMwii as tin; UiiidU Lilirarv 
('(iin|iaiiy. 'I'lic stuck was sill isciilicil |',ir hy |)iililic-s|iiia((Ml lati/.ciis, and the substantial brick and 
st(inc Ijuildini; tliiity-six liy cii;lity tcct. twn and a half stnrics liiuli, was erected, and ai'ccirdiiiL,' \u 
tlie li'rnis of sul)scrijitii)n was let or leased tn the Wiiiiian's Chi-istiaii 'renii)cranee L'uion N(i. I, fur 
a term of ten years, at tlie noininal i-cnl <<\ une dullai- |ier ainnnn. .hmathan Steward, William I. 
N'annest, l'hili|i 1'. Dumi, Samuel I,, liaily, Samuel K. Wils(Pii. .hihii Tax lor and llcin-v I!. Iluwell 
t-iiiistitutcfl the llrst I'liiard of Pirectors of the Ijhrary Comiiany, under whose sui)ervision the huild- 
inij; was enacted on the lot oil l'"ast State street, adjoiuiui;- the iiosf-ollice, and |iut into the possession 
of the W. (_'. T. I', in the winter of jSSo ; the first Hour heiuL; occujiied li\' the lihrar\-. the hasenieiit 
for nn't'tinu's, janitor's apartments, ami other woi'k connected with the rnion, the second lloor as a 
lecture liall, with a seatuij^ ca]iacity of four hundred and lift v. 

AlthoUiih tliis oriianization hi'^an \vith only thirty-two niemliers and with hut one line i,f woi'k. 
it has hroadened and uTown luitil there ai'c one hundri'd and seventy niemhers at tlu' pi'escnt time, 
with a nund)cr of liranclies which ha\c heeu formed liy acti\-e mcnihia's, and the lines of woi'k ai'c, 
at the present writini;-, carried on hy the following conniiittci's : koyal 'remperani-c Leuion, Distrihii- 
tion of 'I'enipcrance Jjiterature, Satur(hiy Ni,i;ht and I'uhlie Meetings, ( 'hi'istnia.s Mission, Work for 
District Messen.uer Boys and lioothlacks, I'l'iss Work, CVittau'e Mcctinus, ^fectin.fis for Poor .Mothers. 
.\lmshousi' \'isitation. Jail \'isitation, l-'ruit and Flowia- .Mission in the State I'rison. Health and 
Heredity, Library Connnittce, 'rempei-ance and Sahliath-Si'hoDJs, Sahliath ( )h^ei-\ance. Connnittee 
on Scieutilic Instruction. 

T.WLoK ()n:i!.\ HorsK. 

Prt'vious to the erection of the Opia-a House, which has heeoine an liistoi'ie lii;nre on South 
Broad street, puhlie assemlilaues in the city of Ti-eiitou \vire usually held in 'I'cmpcr.auce Hall, the 
City Hall oy in the old T. I!. Taxloi' Lji-oceiy huildiui;-. The close of the late Ilelicllion and the 
retiuai of peace •j^iwr an ini]ietus to a nioNcmiait that Trenton sholilil lia\e a huildinj:' devoted exclu- 
sively to public nicctin.ns and entertaimnents. The matter was disiaissed until fSliC). when the 
Hon. .hilm Taylor purchased the pi-cseiit site of the ( )pei-a House, with a \iew to the ei-ection of a 

suitable buildinji- thereon. This action w.as t with opposition by certain citizens who had alnadv 

selected the State Street Housi — the old Ivxccutive Mansion — as the |iro[ier site. The ■■fnion 

Sentinel," tlnai a h'ailinu city papei', stated that Senator 'J'aylor's schei f erecting; a place of 

amusement had been abancloned and that the State street site had been elm-en. The next morninu 
after this oliservatioii a]i]ieared work was coinmence<l upon the<)pera House, ,and in a few months 
the beautiful <ditice Was open to the |iublic. Nothing moic was ev<a' heai'd of the State >ti'eet 
project. 

The ui'ound lloor of the ( )pei'a House was, and is, oc(aipied li\- stores, (ien. liich.ni'd .\. Hoii- 
nelly beinu the lii'st occupant. ( )ne of these stores was foiniei-|\- used as the post-oHice. l^odj^e- 
rooms and a larji-e asseinl)ly-rooni are located in the second :uid third stories, whilst the basement 
has always been used for restaurant pui'poscs. 

.Mthouiih in use for nearly ihii-ty years, 'i'ayloi- < >pei-a House has still the re]iutation of beiuL:- 
one of the finest iirovincial theaters in the I'liitcd States. ki-e(piently renovated, notably in the 
snnnner of bssy, constant chan<res have been made which L:ive a metropolitan aspect to the house. 
With a lai'iic and wcll-cipiipped stage, u'ood sccnei'w a sealing:' capacitv of sixteen hundi'ed and 
excellent ventilation, Taylor Opera House has delied competition. I'sed for political assemblajics, 
for tiie inauf^uratioM of (Jovernors, for conimencements of schools and for purely dramatic puri)oses, 
the walls of this theater have inclosed men worM-famous in the pi-ofessions, politicians of ualioual 
reputation and slajie folk of endui'ing- prominence. Tin' pre-ent niana;:ei- is Haia-y ('. Taylor, who, 
in ISSti succeeded his father, the Hon. John 'i"a\lor. 



I'iii: 1 \ii:n-S'rAri-: V.wit. 



]n July, 1888, f^round was lirst broken on the tract of one hundied and ten acres which is 

now the projierty of the Jnler-State Fair Association. Since the openinji of the fail' in September, 

ISSS, wiien ;!.■!,()()() jieoplc attended, this vast amuscmcnl-iri'ound has trrown the h'adin^' iustitnliou 

of its kinil east of the Mississippi river. Located east of the city limits and directly upon the New 

V 



if;2 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



V(irk division of the I'ciiiisylvania railroail. its t'aiiiL' lias liccii carriccl tlirouirhout America ami 

ICuropc. Tlic iiiovciiR'iit l)i\L'an tliroui;li tiir activity of tlic I'lvsiilciit. llnii. .lolm Taylor, and the 

Secretary, John (!uild Muirlieid, 

tile former semlinLT a circidar 

letter to one hnndred farmers 

and Imsiness men, askinjr them 

to attend a meetintr to consider 

the feasihility of startinn a fair 

association. Si.xty men re]ilied 

in .June, ISSS, and S-")! ), 0( )1 ) was 

suh.scrihcd. 

The motto of the fair has 
heen •' l>old, Hrilliant, Success- 
ful.'' 'J'lie fair L'round is, in 
itself, admiralily located, lieini; 
accessihle either hy the electric 
or steam cans. A .L;rand stand, 
four hundred and lifty feet in 
Icntrth, overlooks the track, 
whilst on cither side of this 
stan<l are locateil the cxhilii- 
tion huildinirs. ample space 
heinj; reserved for all pi-("hicts 
of the farm, for machinery 

and tor the display of art and oilier olijccts. jlesidi' thi' horse and hicvcle i-acinji' and sight- 
seein;:, popular amusements eo\ ci- a pi'oi;ianiinc w liich always lasts fur li\e days. 

Tin: r.MoN iMirsiiM Ai. JIomi:. 

rpon Chestnut avenue, near ( ireeiiw o.id avenue, stands the I'lniiu Indnstrial liomi-. This 
handsome structure, lu-sidcs hciicj an oi'nnnient to tin- city, serves a niii>t u-cful purpose. it was 




TllK IXTKIt StaTK FaIK (.iKiir.VKS. 




1:11 I M .N iMil -li;i M. 11 



THE CITY OF TRENTOX. 



ir;3 



eroctod as a honic fur dcstilutc cliildrcii, aft'iirdinu: tliciii thr ailvaiitau'cs of ninral, rrligious and 
useful traiiiiuii'. 

The society liaviiii;' tliis aim in view was uiLianizrd I'cliniai-v. I>^">'.l, a small house at •"),'! I'cnv 
street heinp; tlie first Ilimir Imililiut;- |ini\idcd. Tin' Hume was moved from thei'e to a i-nmniodious 
dwellina'. with lavi;i' urouiids, on Xcn-lh Warren slri'ct, neai'ly o|i|iosite the I'hiladelphia and Itcadinj; 
raili'oail station. This was at tl ntlu'eak of tlie late war. 

The jirescnt huildinii, on Chestnnl avenue, was tirst oii-n|iied Oetoher ?>lst, ISSS. The uround 
U[ion whieli it stands was the yift nf Mr. and ^Frs. Edwai'd II. Stukes. The cost <if the liuildini;- 
was S4(),-l()(l, anil was freed fi-om delit tlirei' years after its e(im|iletion, thus heeonnnt; a noMe 
monument to the kindness and lii'nelieenei' of the eitizens of Trenlon. 



Xi;\v .li:i;sicv rnii.ni.'KN's ITomk Socii-pv. 

Another iihilanlliro|iic mo\-cnient of like ereation is to he found in the New .lei'sev Childi-en's 
Home Society, which has Ltrown out of the National Chihlren's Home Society, oriiuuized in Illinois 
twelve years since. The Soeiet\' was oi-uauized Septemher 11th, IS'.ll. ami was incorporated one 
month later, under the State Sup( lintenileni-y of llev. Martin T. Lamh, 4'_'S Rutherford avenue. 
The method of the Soeii'ty is to so oruanize the entire State that their may he fcuuid everv fannlv 
in it who will receive a eliilil, as wi'll as e\i'rv child in need of a home. This is hased upon the 
aruurnent that in the Stat<' of Xcw .lersey thei'e are three or four times as m.'iny f.imilies without 
children as there are children without homes. 

The work therefore is — </. To seek out every lionieless, mrlected anil destitute child in the 
State and tind fm' it a nood hume in :i wcll-to-ilo family, placini;' it there wisely, with the least jios- 
sihle delay and at the least possihle exiieiise. Ii. To make it possihle for many persons without 
children of their own to adopt without fear of future interfeicnec c To minister in comfortinir 
assurances to parents lixiiiL;' in fear of leaxini; their children pcimilcss and homeless, il. Xot to 
antajionize existing " ()rphana<;es " or " ( 'hildrcirs Homes." hut aid them, wherever desii'ed, in 
fiiidinii' homes for their jilaccahlc children niiilr m-i/ i/miiii/. thus sa\ini; the cNpi-nse of ke<>pinij 
them for years and doinic the licst |iossililc thinn for said children, c To empty the almshouses of 
the State of nearly six hundred little mies. wlm are now hcini; raised as paupers. _/'. To prevent 
one-half or more of the one tlionsaml children in the three lartre reform seluiols of the State from 
enterinu: said schools in the future, hy iicttiiiL; them into Christian homes a few years hefore thev 
wmdd have l)ecome juvenile criminals. 

Statistics show that li\e-sevenths of all the criminals in the rnited Slates lia\e come from 
homeless children, and that every homeless child must cither i </ ) hecome a ciiminal or paiipcr. or 
(//) l)e ])laced in an '' Orphana^ic, " or (<■) he placed in a fannly home. 

In the first case, it will cost the ta.\ji;iycrs an averane of $1,01)1) per child ; in the second case, 
it will cost tlie hcnevolcnt puhlic an average of S.'iOd per child ; in the last ease, under the direction 
of the '' ( 'hildrcu's I loiiie Society, " il will cost an avei'aue of §•")() per child. 



CrvY .\i,MsiiorsH. 



An examination of the city records shows that as early as IS | 1, Ti-eiiton had a ]ioor-farm, which 
was imder the control of a committee of Common Council, who also diri'cted the otlieial actions oi a 
Steward and .Matron for said farm. The Steward was dii-ectcd tu procui'c <;ooil and sullieieiit clothes 
and food for the jiauper inmates, who pcrfiirnicd such services in and ahout the ])remises as they 
were ahle. In IS-IO Common Council pi-ovided for the ■•rcp.airof the old huildinu' and for the erec- 
tiiai of a wiui;- at the east end thereof." This ]ioor-farm was the plantation of John Roach, and was 
located on the Scots and old |-'crrv roads. 



164 



THE CtTY OF TRENTON. 



Tin; invsont aliiislinusc was built in the yoar ISlii), ami is a (■(lUiiiKiiliuus liuildiiiti' siliiatr ii|inn 
Princeton avenue. In that year the paupers of Trentim were ninveil fnmi thr nM |iiiiir-liciuse 
farm to the present location. 

Louis F. I5aker, Keeper of the Almshouse, was lioi-n in (lermany, S< pteinher 17th. ISl!'.I. where 

he receive<l his eclueatiun. When nearly twenty J'Car.S 
old he cmiirrateil {>> l.imi: Island. Thence he went 
South. At out' peiiod he was stewai'd on the sailing'- 
ship •■ Kalama/.oo."' He came to Ti-euton aliout 1>>.")1. 
and olitained employment in the mills of the New 
.Icrsev Steel and Iron Company, whei'e he learned the 
trade of puddlei% workinu' at that occu)iation until tlu' 
commencement of the late war. ^[r. Makei- enlisted in 
Company V,. Thirty-fourth New .lersey X'olunteeis. 
He served thronL:h the Heliellion, and was wdundid in 
the left e\e while doint; picket duly. .\t the ejosi' of 
the war he retiu'iieil to Ti'euton and A\orked in the 
rolling: mill. lii' then e>tal>li>lied a eonnnissioii Imsi- 
ucss at the corner of llridiic and Warren streets, and 
also kept a re~tamant. l,.-iter he removed to Wash- 
iuiitou Market, remainini; there until .Vjiril. IS.S.S^ 
when he was appointed Superintendent of the City 
.\lmshouse. Lciiislation hrouiiht ahout his se\-ei'ance 
with that institution, Imt in IS'.lo hv was reinstated. 
.Mrs. r>aki'r. hi> wife, was ihe lirst <-ity oliicial of her 
sex ever elected to a |io>itioll iu'l'reuton. I'cccivim:', at 
the hands of Common Council, the |Hisition of Matron at the almshouse. .Mr. Maker is a Itepuh- 
licau, and is alwavs found taking an active interest in the doiniis of his p.arty. 




I>oris F. Hakkh. 




CHAPTETt XXIII. 



TRENTON'S CHUUCIIES. 




The l]i;(a.\.M.\(;s of K( ( lksiastkai. Likk — Tine I'kjcsijytichiax, I'j'I.^ui'ai.ia.n ('iiii;(1ii:s ami tiii-: 
Society of Fhienjis the Pioneehs in the Field — The Roman Catholics — The Mi'.thoihs'i's 

TlllC Ll'THEHANS TlIE BaI'TISTS ANH ThIOII! ClirKCHES OtHEI; liKLKilnrs ( )|:( I A .\ I /.ATK JNS. 



'^ T HAS alrcildy liccn noted that tlic two rlciinnts wliidi led In tlic srttlciiiciit (if Tren- 
ton as '■ Ve fTalles" were eednmuie and I'l'liLiinus. 'I'l'enlnn was tlie nieeliiiL:-|ilaee (if 
tlie early faiths of West New Jersey. Here came the t^uaker fi'oni the plantations 
l)elow the Assanpink, the Presbyterian innninrant from .Mdninunth ^h(>re. I'lli/.aln'th- 
^j\ 'I'own ami Newark, and the ("hurehof Knuland man, who was nsnally allieil wilh 
tlie Royal (iovernnr or his aristoi'ratie snite. Of all these, the memhii's nf the 

C^fe ^ Society of Friends wi'r<' the first t -eupy thi' site of the city nf 'i'l-iaitnn. The 

-^ ^ \ advent of Mahlon Stacy and other 'i'orkshire pedjile is cdnvincinu' pi'imf that " mect- 
Z in<fs " of the societv were fre(juently held at his own and ni'ar-hy houses. In Itncks 

county, I'l'inisylvania, throui;li the Fallsinuton rcLiJnn, the (Quakers hy K'l'.l.'i hail 
heciinii' thiiroULihly estahlished and were in close syin)i.'ithy with thcii' hi'ethren npdii thiJersey 
side of the Delaware. The Trent<in niemliers of the socii'ty were wont to ci-nss the ri\er to the 
First Day meeting's of their a.ssoeiates, and all the meinhers attcnih'd the yearly mcetinir at 
l'.urh'n;.;ton (dty. 

It is a curious fact that the history of the churches in the city of Trenton may he traccil to 
a rniun meetint:-lii>use, where the Presliyterians and the Episco])alians worshipeil side hy side. 
.\nioni;- tlie records of the eaily part of the eijihteentli century, in the Secretary of State's ollice, in 
'I'reiiton. is a deed from .lolin lliitchinsdii, of Hopewell, couiitv nf I'.urliiiuton, i*v-c., to Andrew 
Heath, llicliard I'layi'e, .\hiel Davis and Zehnliin Haston, of the same county, iVc, foi' a piece nf 
lanil un the easterly side of the liinhway leadine lietwccn the linuscs of the >aid .luhn llntchinson 
and .\ndrew Heath, iVrc, containinu' two acres, in trust for the inliahilants nf the said township 
of Ho]iewell and their successors, inhaliitini.' and dwellinji' within the said township, foi-evcr, for 
the pulilic and common use and henelit of the whole townslii]i, for the erectiiiL' and huilding 
a pnhlic iiieetin};-housc ihireon, .and also for a jplace of hurial, and for no other use, intent, or 
purpose wliats(.)ever. 

( )f the persons named in this f^rant, all are well known as the ani'cstors of peo]ile in the 
vicinity of Trenton. iiiehard i']ayre was the foimdei- of I'^ayrcstown, on the llancocas, and the 
]iroirenitor of a faniilv whose name has iieai'h' liecome e.\tiiict. The others have representatives <it 
their names in modeiai Trenton. 



'I"hE I'UESIiVl'iCHIAN.S. 



AlthoU;;h in Trenton proper hefoi-e the .advent of William Trent the dominant ecclesiastical 
orjianization was nndijuhtedly that of the Society of I'^rieiids, tiie i'resliyterian communities of 
Flopewell and Maidenhe.id had lioth hecome possessors of church huildin-is hefore 171.">. 'I'o oni' 



UiC, 



THE CITY OF TUK.XToX. 



or tlio (itlicr lit' these i'(in!j;fe;,':itii)ii.s tlie I'reshyteriMiis of tlie early years of tile eigliteeiitli century 
were attached. In fact the First Presliyterian Church of Trenton traces its history directly to the 
IIoiH'Well (Ewinu) Church of 171-!. in 17"i(), however, the nicniliers of the congrcfjation at Trenton 
had ^rown of a size siillicient to warrant them in the erection of a new clnu'ch, and in that year a 
house was liuilt on the <rround which in 1 7:27 was conveyed l>y i'jiocli Andrus to John I'drtertleld. 
Jianiel Ifowell, Richard Scuddei', Alexander Locklianl, William Yard, \\'illiani HolT, John 8everns 
an<l Jose]ili Yanl. This, with a later addition, is the present church site and srraveyard on State 
street. The First Treshytei-ian Cliurch was incor)"ii-atcd in 17oii. upon theeiirlitli day of Soptcnd)cr. 
The cori>orators were Kev. David Cowell ( 17o(>-()()), with .VU'xandcr Chamhers, Charles Clark, 
Andrew Reed, Joseph Yard, Arthur IIowi^ll and William Creen. The lirst church, erected in 1727, 
was of stone, a tvpical edilice of its time, which remained until .\pril, ISO."), when a new church was 
erected. Throuifhout the colonial and Revolutionary ])eriods the association amonj; the Trenton, 
lk)pewell and Maidcidieail churches w;is of a most intimate character. Althouirh in 17<i"J.a p.-ir- 
sonafre on Hanover street, in the rear of the church, hml hccn piii'diascd, thi' ministers supplied Kipth 
Trenton and "the country." In 17ss. on May Itli, the cliarter of (ieorjic 11. was suiierseded hy 
the action of the couLn-eiration of Ti'enton's lirst I'reshyterian church, who acccpteil the |)rovisions 
of the general act providini;' for the incoi-pnratiun of rdiiiions societies. It was then resolved to 
admit sncli of the inhaliitants of Lamlu'rlon who dcsir<'d to join with them. Tt was not mitil aliout 

ISlOthat the Trenton clun-ch occujiied a posi- 

^f" -i.j-^^"^-.<>v~, tion ill auv sense independent of her associates 

_ji^; .=^v^-^:-7 ~ ' ' , in what is now Ewinjiville and I.awrenceville. 

,^^' ■ ■""; rpon the seventeenth of AuuMist, 1S()(), the 

di'dicatioii of a new luiildint;' was had, which 
■ editice cost over SlO.ddO. Duriiij,' the erection 
of this liouse of woi'ship, the I'reshyterians once 
niiii'c held service with the Fpisco|Kilians. 

The present First Churcli of the Presliy- 
terian denomination was used fur its initial 
service in January, IS-lC. an<l for nearly half a 
ccnturv was iusi'paraliK' connected with the 
iiami' of John Hall. J). I)., jiastor emeritus, 
and one of the most distiiiuuishccl fiirures in 
natiiinal ecclesiastical records of recent times. 
Amonir his works his "JIisti>rv of the First 
Presliyterian Church." with its wealth of mat- 
ter relatinj; to men and times almost forj-'ottcii. is a standanl <'ontrihution to the annals of New 
Jersey, His treatment of the snhject was so Imiad that from his printed leaves, should everything 
else he lost, a history of cohuiial Trenton could I'asily lie writtiu. 

The ]iresent pastor of the church is the Itcv. .lohii Dixon, like Iiis ]iredeeessor, an eminent 
tlieolojiian. 

The Second Presliyterian Church datt's from a mission cstahlislicd in lS-")7. In 1S12 the 
"First Presliyterian Church of South Trenton" was estahlishcd on Cniun street, in the editice 
occupied hy the seceding nieinhers once of the congregation of the Trenton and Famherton Ra])tist 
Church. The original list of meniliers contains nineteen names. The ra]iid grow th i if the church 
leil to an ad<lition to the huilding in IS.'il, ami in IS.'iii, after the dissolution of the horough of 
South Trenton, the church changed its name to the "Second Presliyterian Church of Trenton, 
N. J." The churcii has since lieen enlarged and heautilied. Rev. William S. X'oorhces is the 
jiresent pastor. 

The Third Presliyterian Church, which is situated on North Warren street, grew out of an agi- 
tation for a new house of worship, which lasted from ]S4() to lS4'.t. In .May of the latter year 
seventeen jiersons organized this new congregation and on the seventh of Xovemlier, IS.'iO, the 
liuilding was dedicated. Until this time the congregation had worshi]ic(l in the Odd Fellows' Hall 
and the City Hall. A serious loss occurred to this church on the fourtli of July, ls7'-l, when the 
liuilding was destniyed liy fire from a rocket which alighted ujion the roof. The church, which wa.s 
immediately rehuilt, is a handsome structure. Its pastor is the Kev. Samuel M. Studdiford, who 
has served the congregation .since 180G. 




l-'irsl ^I^■^llvlcn,■^^ Cliiirrh 




FiKsT Pkksuvji.kian C'liiiun, J-luKriKn in 1840. 



TIIK CITY OF TIIENTON. 



Ui7 



The Fourth Presliytcrian Cliurcli, on the <'(inirr nf State street ami C'hiiiuii avenue, was foniieil 
hy inemhers of tlie First and Tliinl churches. The ediliee, which is nf pai'tieular architectural 
heauty, was dedicated (Icloliii mill. IsCid, one year after the corner-stone was laid. (.'oni|ilete in 
its ajijiointnients, the church ha^ a cunLfretiation drawn largely from citizens resident in tlie eastern 
portion of the city. Ere tlie ihui-ch was eonipleted, the meinliers worshipeil in the t'itv Ilall. 

The Fifth I'reshyterian Church, wliicli is located on i'l-Jncelon a\'enue. was iii-L;anized in hS71. 
and was the out.urowfh of a cli.i|icl iiii-<ion of the l"irsl i'l-esliyteriaii Church, the ■■mother of 
Preshyterianism in Trenton." Its early histoiy was a.^smialcil with the latter |iart of the life of 
the Itev. A. S. White, who died oil his knees whilst ]ira\'inL:: for this ciiui^ch. The pastor is the 
Rev. George II. Ingram. 

The l'ros])eet Street I'reshytiiian Chiii-cli — tlie si.xtli in ordc |- of foiniilatiiai — de\'eloped from a 
Sunday-seliooj inoveiiicnt in the then inr,-il sections of West Ticnioii. Tliis school met in dwelliiiii-- 
houses and in a hai-ii until the siaitiinciit arose that a l'i-csli\'ti'rian clinrcli should he cstahlislied in 




PUOSI'KCT STItKKT PRE.SBYTERIAN CnT'Rcn— BriLT IN 1874 75. 



that portion of the town. A donation of land led to the com|iletion of a uuist tasteful hrownstoiie 
chureli edifice in Fclnuary, isTo. Tin' coiistitnciit niemhers niniilicr thirty-live. JJurinj; the 
history of this church, it has had hut oni' pastor, the Key. Walter .\. iirooks. 

F>ethany Fi-eshytciian Chm-cli — the se\-entli in point of aiii — is on the corner of Tlaniiltou and 
Chestnut avenues. The demands for acli\c chnrcli life in that poi'tion of the old horoiiLdi of 
Chanihershurg led to the erection of this inlhieiilial chuicli. Its conj:rc,iiation has jrrown from a 
mission mo\'enicnt. and is now under the |i:islointe of the \li\. haiiii'l 1!. l''oster. 



Till': Sociic'rv ok {"kiknus. 

The Society of Friends were the founders of all that portion of Ti-ciiton lyiii.ij; upon the Assaii- 
]iink and the valley at its month. Thiai- e.nly meetini.'-places. at private houses, ami later in 
Chesterfield and elsewhcj-e. |irovin,i: inconvenicait. a meetiiiLr-hoiisc was ei-ectcd in ■{■reiiloii in ],'■','.>. 
which huildinji is located on the corner of Hanover and .Mont^onici^y streets. It has Keen occU|iic<l 
for the same |iurpose .~iiice its ei-ection U|i to tlie present time. The door of the entrance to this 
ineetinji-house was on the south side of it, facinjr Hanover street. 

.\t till- time of the ''separation" of the followers of IClias Jlicks from tlu' Orthodox memhers. 
the latter left this house, and for several years hc'ld their meelinjis in the huihlin.g at the northeast 
corner of ISroad and Academy streets, this ehurdi formerly helonging to tlie Methodists. In 1.S5S, 



1G8 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 

tlir ( (ithuildx l'"ii(ii(l> liuilt tlicir |)Imic of worship in Mercer street, near l,i\iiii.'>tnn. 'I'lie nieetini:- 
iiouse in r.niad street stood a few I'eet l)ack from the street, and they erected a hi-ick wall aliont ten 
feet hijih in front of it. 

The Eriscoi'.u.i.\NS. 

Trenton, the seat of the Bishoj) of the Diooi-sc of New .Tersey, has lonj; l)cen associated with 
tlie history of the Protestant I';]>isco]>al Chnrch. I'y the John Hutchinson i;rant of .\|iril, 17()-">. 
already alhided to in the liistory of the I'reshyterian chni-ches, a church of the l'"|iisc(i|ial dennnii- 
nation was Imilt in tliis townsiiip, hut for years, aftci- 1701 and 17(l'>, lacked a resident rector. 
This edilice acconiniodated the nienihers of tile then Cliurcli of En<;land liviuL' in Trenton and 
vicinity, in 17'!(i, the Key. Mr. Lindsay, an itinerant missionary, states that Ti-enton was the 
center where there AVere "seyeral of the communion." Saint Michael's Church, the first edifice of 
the Protestant I'>])iscoj)al faith in the city of Trenton, was oruanized ahout the year 17")"), with the 
celchrated Michael Iloudin, as Itecfoi- ; Uaniel Coxe, {{oherf Lettice Hoo|ici', as Wardens; .Joseph 
Warrell, William Pidtreon, .lohn Allen, Elijah Pond, .lohn Daiiworthy, Charles A.xford, as N'estry- 
men. The attitude of the Clun'ch of iMidand toward the strUL'Lde for national independence 
retarded the t:rowth of every ndssion in the Colony of New .lersey and, in fact, ahini:' the .\tlantic 
seahoard. The Clun-ch was, at hest, in New .Jersey, ex]iressinir a. ne^ativi' sym])athy toward the 
poj)\dar nioyement, and, as a result, many of her most influential niemliers were driven to otlu'r 
communions, in fact. Saint .MicliacTs ( 'liurch was purely in " sus]ieHilcd animation " durini: the 
Pit'voiution. and the church huildinir was used as a stahle hy the ISritish soldiery during the early 
winter of 177li. After the close of the War for Tnilependence and the dissolution of the honds 
hetween English and .\mcrican i']piscopalians. Saint Michael's Clnu'ch slowly regained her lost 
])restige. in ISfS, the old huilding was taken down and a new structure of the (iothic .sfyK^ of 
architecture erected. Tn Novemhcr, ISl'.), the church was consecrated. The congregation now 
grew ra|iidly. Tlic lauses of populai- opposition to the J'^piscopal Church, which were so potent 
in this vicinity during and innnccliately after the itcvolution, lessened year by year. In 184o, Saint 
Michael's Cliurch was remoileled an<l enlai'gcd. and later the Perry street chapel was eri'cted. In 
1>>7(), the chuicli was again enlarg<'d, and within the past fi'W years hanilsonie additions have 
improved the pro)ierly. To further the cause (jf Episcopaliauism in tlie region near Millham, a 
chapel has heen erected on the corner of N'oitli Clinton and Sheriilan avenues. The rei'tor of Saint 
.Michael's Chmvli i< the \li-v. ()>cai- S. Punting, whilst the rector of the cliapcl i- the Pcv. .Millon 
A. Craft. 

TIt. Pvk\'. .Tohn SrAnnoHoi'Gu. 

The lit. Pcv. .ri>lm Scarhorough, Protestant Episcopal Pishop of New .Jersey, was horn in 
Ireland on .\pril 'Jofh, ls;;i, and in infancy was hapti/ed in the cliapcl of the ivirl of I'oden. in 
Jiryantford. In childhood the Pishop w.-is hi-ought to tliis country, and received his early education 
in a country scliool at (iuc>enshni-y. .New ^'ork, lie was fittcil I'oi' college hy the Pcv. I'Mwanl !•'. 
Ivlwariis, a graduate of Oxford, and gi-ailuateil fiom Ti-inity ( 'ollcge, JJartford, in I's-'il. His theo- 
logical education he ohtained in the (leneral Theological Seminary of New '^'oik City. He was 
ordained J)eacon in Trinity Church, New York. .Innc 2Sth, is."i7. Jle went at on<<' to he assistant 
in St. I'aul's Cliurch, Troy, New York, where he was ordained I'ricst the following year, hy the late 
Bishop Horatio Potter. 

After three years lie hecanie rector of The Cliurch of the Holy Comforter, Poughkeejisie, New 
York, where on May '23d, ISn."), he was married to Catherine I'dizaheth, the youngest child of Theo- 
ilore and Catherine l<^,lizahcth 'i'rivett and great-granddaughter of the late Pev. 1 >r. Peiihaus, a well- 
known minister of the I'^piscopal Cliunh. in 1N(;7 he was called to the rectorslii]) of Trinity 
Cliurcli, Pittsl)urgii, I'ennsylvania, then tin- largest jiarish west of flic AUcghanii^s. In J.'^7.''), I'\'l)- 
ruary 2d, hu was consecrated Bishop iiy tlie same hands which had ordained him Deacon and I'riest 
and married liim. 

The feudal name of Scarl)orough originated in ^'orkshire, iMigland, where the occuijant of a 
sliarj), sea-jutting promontory was intrenched with his retainers in liis fortified castle. The first 
castle was destroyed hy the troopers of Cromwell hut was rehuilt, and is still use(l as a l)arracks for 
troojJS. The family of J^ishoj) Scarljorougli, of New Jersey, Avas resident for many generations in 
and near the beautiful watering-plaec of the same iiaine. 



TIIIC CITY OF TRENTON. 



lf)9 



Of tlii^; fiiniily in tlic litmsi'liolds of CIkii-Ics I. mid his sdn, Cliarlcs IT.. Sir Charles ScarhDnxiiih 
was the' Chief Pliysician. The fathi'r nf liishop S<-ai-hi>ri)iiu:h held an :i|p|iiiiiitnieiit in the Internal 
lieventie 1 )e| laitnieut. and Was resiileiU at ( 'astlewellan. in the nuitli nf Ireland. Tin' e])ise(i|ial 
residence is liieatcil (111 ( li-eeiiw nod. nea r ( 'I i nton a\'enue. 

The urowth of .^-Joiilli 
Trenton led to the estahlish- 
ment of Saint Panl's, «hieli 
was CT'ceted on Centre street 
in 1>!4S. This is a stone 

ediliee in the Ciotllic style of 
arehiteetun'. In l^SO, this 
ehnreh was entirely renioil- 
eled, and adilitions ha\-e 
since Keen made thereto. 

The reetor is the l!ev. .1. 

.McMpine Ilardini:'. 

Trinity Chnreli was or- 
i;ani/e(l n|ion the twent\'- 
third of Sejiteniher. hS^S, 
with seventi'en iiieiiihers. 
At'ti'i' holilini;' services in 
various huildings, tlu' eon- 

al'epition oeeuiiieil its |iresent ediliee n|ion Aeadeln\' street on the thirteelil h of 1 )eei'lnhel'. iMiO. 'The 
huililinu is a larLi'e and handsome eililiee, and has a rectory attached, which was purchased in h'^TT. 

Thcjiarish huildinL; was occn|iied Chi'istmas day, INSl, and has since I n eid.ai'iiiMl. In 1 SS."i, |he 

chancel was enlar.L;i'(l, and in IS'.I! the structure was tlioi-ou^hly i'cno\aled, and i> now. with its 
various huildings, one of the lliicst chui'chcs in the State of New Jersey. Its i-cclor is thi' l!e\'. 
Jo.s,.j,h C. Hall. 

Christ Church was Imilt to me(t the wants of the |ieo|>le of ( 'hamhershui'L;. This is also a 
tasteful ediliee. and is located on Hamilton avciuic, (ai the collier of Wdiitlaker. Its ri'ctoi- is the 
Rev. ]']dwar<l .1. Kniiiht. 

Tin: lioMA.x C.\iiioi, u's. 




TltlNirv P. E. CucRrii aN'd R|.:rT:il;v -einucll Khkcti:u in- l.sfiO. 



The sia'vii-es of the lionian ( 'at holic ( 'liiirch in Trenton were Hist held in ISOI. from which 
time until l>;i4 missionaries frei|Uciitly visited the city. Tin' I'esideiice of .lohn 1). Sartori. on 

Feileral street, was fii'i|ni'nl ly used for this 
]iur|iose. In ISM. a hrick church was erected 
n|ion the cornel- of Liimhcrton and ^Market 
streets. The numlier of llomaii Catholics in 
Trenton hv |.S|(i h;id ima'eased to the extent 
III. 1 1 SainI .iolnrs. now the Church of the Saered 
lliaii. was crci-tcd on liroad street. In 1S."):>, 
the ehnreh was further enlarj^ed. and in IS'.IO 
the ])resent heautiflll ediliee was hiiilt, with a 
|iriesls' house on the north side of tlie eluireh. 
Ill 1.S7I. till' Lamlicrtiai street school was 
cri'cted. which had urown out of tin- parocliial 
school of the Church of the Sacreil Heart. 'J'he 
i;e\-. I'ather Thaddeus Hoiian is the rector. 

On January, 1S71, Saint Mary's jiarish. 
being all that i)ortion north of the creek, was set off from Saint John's jiarish. upon which day Saint 
Mary's Church was consecrated. Ten years thereafter, thi.s church hecame the cathedral of the 
Diocese of Trenton, which embraces all of New Jersey south of the Itarilan river, includint; Warren 
and Somerset counties. The (ir.st Bishop was the late Michael J. O'Farrell, who has t^incc been 
\v 




Kll:->| CAltlol.i' Cm I:' 11 Wh Si M< 



170 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



.siKTtT<K->l liv the lit. \l<\. .Jaiiio A. .M(l'";iul. TIjis in;i^aii(irciit cliurcli. wliicli cost f<|l)(l.()(«). is a. 
nioiuiiiH'iit to till' uiitii-iii.i.' iiiilusti-y of llic \U-v. Anlliniiy Smilli. Attadinl \<> Saint Mary's is the 
|.ar..cliial scImkiI, wliicli was liiiilt in 1S7(», and the jiricsts' liousc cTcrtcil sinm after Saint Mary's 
hcranie the eatheih-al. Tiie reetor of Saint Mary's is the Very Kev. Father Fox. 



I!t. IIkv. MienAKi. .1. ( )' F ai;i;ki.i,. 

111. Kev. -M. .1. O'Farri'll. the lirst ISislidp of Trenton, was iiorn in the city of l,iineriei<, in the 
vear l.s:;o, and made liis early stiuHes unckM- tile Christian Brothers, and in .Ml Hallow's College, 
the fanions missionary institute. 

lie linished his career as a student iu the College of St. Snl]iice, Paris, and heeanii' a memher 
of the Sul|iitian eonununity, a hody of priests solely devoleil to the work (jf training young men for 

til,, priesth I. J'.eing in posse.ssion of an intelleet heyond tli<' avei'age, the future r>i-h<j|j made a 

hrilliaut course, whose i'ai'l\' |iromise was cci-tainly more than eai-i-ied out in his eareei-. In tlie 
noted Church of Saint (lerniain de- I'lvs he received major orders, hut was not ordained priest until 

aftir his arrival in Canada. His su- 
perioi's scut him to tlieii- well-known 
semiuaiy in Moninal while yet in 
I )eacon"s orders. 

rpon his elevation to the higli 
olliee of ihe jiricstliood he was ap- 
pointed to the chair of |ihiloso|ili\' in 
the seminary, and tilled it with dis- 
tinction, until sieknoss compelled his 
sujio'iors to relieve him of a post for 
which liis tastes and his training had 
well fitted him. He Was then made 
pastor of the Church of Saiul .\nn, in 
the city of Montreal, a parish adndn- 
isteved liy ihe Suljiitians. The|ieoplc 
wei-e Irish ami the childi-cn of lii>h 
settlers. It wa> thought that the 
change froni the routine life of the 
jii'ofessoi' to the more varied one of 
the ]iarish priest ^vonld restore his 
failing health. He repeatid as a pas- 
tor of soids the success he hail won 
in the chair of jihilosophy. He huill the fine schools wliich honor the parish of Saint .\nn. and 
gave a new impetus to the spirit of his ])eo]ile. He showed great power as a ]ireacher, and in a 
verv short time hecame one of the popular si>eakers of the city, invited to s]ieak on noted occasions 
ami alwavs listened to with interest. The measure of his jioiiularity can he miderstood hy the fact 
that he was chosen to deliver tlu' fimeral Mrnmn over the remains of DWrey AlcCee, an address 
which called fortli the hitter ilenunciations of those who applauded the assassination of McGee. 
Father O'Farrell was well on the way to hecome a leader in Israel, when his superiors saw fit 
to remove him from his jiastorship, and to send him as assistant to the parish of St. Patrick, where 
lie remained in ipiiet ohseurity long I'mmgh to determine his future course, lie had iMcoincwell 
known to the country at large hy his career in ^^ontreal, and the annotmcement that he had ilecidcd 
to leave the Sulpitian society and Canada at the .same time, hrought him invitations to enter more 
than one diocese. 

He came to New York in 18(J7, and was ajipointed to Saint Peter's CI uu'ch, in ]}arelay street, then 
administered hy the late Vicar-General of New York, Mgr, (^linn. .\fter six years' lah-.r in this 
district he was made jia.stor of Saint Mary's in llondout. liis stay here was hut a little over ,six 
months, hecause in the spring of 1873, the jKirish of Saint Peter's heeoming vacant. Father O'Farrell 
was named its pastor in succession to ]\rgr. (iuinu. it was an honorahle and important position. 




Cm It' H '"I- Tin; Saiuki) Hi'.aut. 




ItT. Ri:v. ^^Il ll\i:i, .1. d'T' \ltiu i.l.. 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 171 

The ('atliolic ]K'ii|il(' (if till' jiai-i-li at that tiiiir wiit twmty tlidiisaiiil strmiL;-. 'I'lirrr arr iVw nnlilrr 
parishes in thr ^\ll|■lll, iHThaps. than was Saint I'rlrr's thi ii. The wtwk was scvcit, luit iahnrn-s wrrr 
nut frw. Till' chirf anxirty iif tlir nrw pastiir was tn srciiiT liuiiij sihniils fur thr chiliiri-n. anij in 
thrir interest ill' hnih the wrU-known scIhkiIs uf Saint Prter's, whirh have cilnrateil a lii'iirratiuii, aniJ 
liave,L;iven ]iriests tii tlie ( 'hniTJi ami ui mil eitizrns to tlie Staff. While attrnilin^- tn his pai-ish. l-"alhci- 
O'FarrcIl fuuml tinir tu imlnl.Lre his Invent' study ami t" Imilil n|) a rc|jutatinn as a in'rachn- ami 
lertnrer : ahlf, intrrrstinu' anil instrurtive. It was imt sui-pvisin;:, thrrefnre, that at a |ii-u|)ri- timi' 
hr slinuM he rlinsrn t'nr the llnlinrs nf the episenpatr. 

In ISSl he was uanii'il lii'st liishnp nf Trentnn. lie was ennsccrateil nn XuNrinhn- l>t, issp hv 
Canliual MeClnskey, ami JJislmii Ryan, nf Hnll'aln, preaehril the serinnn of lhr nrcasiun. 

JIany things may lie saiil uf Rislmji ( )' FarrelTs ruling- nf his dinei'si- ; hut thr t;iTatest praisr fur 
him is that he was always the fathiT nf his priests and his pmplr ; iirntlr. arrcssihle, intn-cstrd in 
their wurk, careful to make authnrity Inved ratlua- than diradi'd. Althnunh an i'asv-L;uiiit; man. hr 
was jinssessed uf areat tart and nf L^reat fnree nf iliai'arti'r. I'l-rhaps unly the frw w Im knew him well 
riTilitrd him with thr lattrr, hut a few notahlr instanrrs will slinw that thr stananmt is nu| LM-uuml- 
li'ss. In ISS-l he made his visit ml lliiiliiu tu Itmnr, and 1 had Ihr huiiur uf airum|iaii\inu him. 
What a pleasm'e it was tn travrl with a man uf his sunny trni|iiTaniiait .-iml ariat hi-luiii-.-il Iraniiiii; 
ran lie stlppusrd. The .scenes uf Eurnpc tnnk nu a dnuhlr interest Undel-|he li^hl hi~ kliuwlelu'e 
slied nu them. \\'e jiassed thrnutfli Ireland, then in the midst nf ]inlitie;d tiimull. lhiuii;^h ihe 
scenes nf his student days, and came at last tn Kume. On the day nf his audieiiee \\ith the rnpc, 
In which I attended him as Seci-etary, he said that if he got an up|iurf unity he \\nnld nienliun twu 
matti-'rs tn the I'lintilf. < )nc was the cunditinii uf Ireland, the uthei- the ap|ininlmeiit uf ,i enadjulnr 
Bishnji t'nr the dincese nt Cork. He got the uppurtunity. Fnl- tliree-ipiaitel'S nf an hum- he was 
I'lnscted with I'upe [,en. while I .aw.lited mv turn tu see the I'npe ill the .lUte-cliamlier. When 1 

was finally sent I'm- .lud I'>i>hnp ( )' Farrell intrndueed me tn His IIuliiie~s. 1 s.iw lh.it the lli-lmp 

had heell n\erennie with elllntinli, and there Were traces nf tears in\ his cheeks. lie liild me the 

story atterwards. 

The truiihles in various ]iarts uf the ('linieh were resting heavily un the mind n\' the I'upe. .-ind 
he seemed tu he glad uf the ehaiiei' tu mihurden his mind tu the .\nierican llishup. I le spuki' nf ihe 
cnadjuturship of ("ork, which had imt heen set I led. nwing tn dilliiadties springing fmin I rish | ml i tics. 
The nne name nn the list sent in hv the priests nf Cnrk, which wnuld certainly he as aeceptahic tn 
the peujile of Cork as it would he hnnni'alile tu the church and useful tu the dincese, was the name 
uf lir. ( )"CaIlaghan, a Dnminiean, then jiastur nf Saint Clement's Church in IJ.nnic. Hishnp ( )' l^n-rell 
was well acquainted with the temper and sentiments nf the priests and pen|ile nf Cnrk. He asked 
the l'u|ie if lli~ 1 luliness cared tu hear his npiniun uu the matter, as well as un the cunditinn uf 
Ireland. Leu gave him ]iei-missiun tn speak freel\-. liislmp ( )' l'"anell leeumniended iheappuint- 
nieiit nf Hr. O'Callagh.an tu the see uf ('ui'k, and gave hi< rea<niis : he then went dee|ily intnthe 
Irish i|Uestiun as he had seen and studii'd it Imlh in liehind •■iiid in .\nicrica ; and made the I'npe 
thurnughlv undei'stand the\iewsuf the Irish and the 1 rish-.Vmcriean ]ienple as tn the nnly enurse 
to lie ]iursueil in securing the interests nf the naliun. The I'npi' was assailed daily with repurts nf 

so ennti'adietnrv a charaeter that it was refreshing tu him tn he.-ir tl piiiiuns uf an .\merican, 

linliiased liv any other interest th.in that of the people and the ( 'liurch. I le listened and i| nest ioned, 
and at the close thaidccd the Ri^lmii fur his frank expressinii nf \ie\vs. It is im|mssilile In say what 
inlluence this iiitcr\-iew had U|iuii the I'npe. Len esprcssed his deep Inve I'm- the li'ish and interest 
in their attem|it In right the had cunditinns uf I-lnglish rule. That was all. 

liut the ncNt day came the aunnuuccment that the Dnminiean O'Callahau was nami'd enadjutnr 
to Cnrk, tn the jny uf the .Natiuiialists. On his way humc, l'>isliu]i O'FarrcIl was present at tlie 
con.seoration of Rishop Ilealy, of Sligo. After the ecremuny at the cathedral, sixteen P>islin|is and 
one liimdrcd priests sat dnwn tn a hampiet in the tnwn hall. It was still early in the histury nf the 
I'arnell niuvement, and snmc, and nnt a few, at the feast were not in syni]iathy wilh the new Irish 
movement. Some were friends of the l<jiglish rule, even. It was not, therefore, a slight task tn 
address such a gathering witli a eandnr, the plainness nf speech used that day iiy Hisliup O'FarrcIl. 
He spoke witli care and gentleness. He descriiicd his talk wilh the I'npe, dwdt nn the evident 
course which event- in Inland were taking, gave clear expression to the strength nf .Vmcrican 
opinion, and closed hy warning the assenihled Rislio|).s that they were holding their people in too 



17-2 



THE CITY OF TREXTOX. 



tijiht rein— tliat to (■(Hitiinu' so iiu'iint serious ilan-cr ; tlicy had always liccn distiii.truisluMl as 
kwlers of tlic i.co|.lc. lirst to show tlic way. hut tliat a I'aUuiv to uiKhTstaiwl and follow the siirns 
of the tiuK'S would end in their heiu-- left hehind, wliile the i.e.ii-le went on without them. T 
mention the.se ineidiMits to sIkw tlie taet, tlic courage, the ahility, the gentleness with whi.h the 
lirst IJisho]! of Trenton handled matters that might have hivniglil a man of weaker character 

to grief. 

He was a true scholar. lie sjioke French lluently, and was ac(|uainted uilli Italian and 
(lerman; he had a solid and loving aci|Uaintance with English literature, and was a reailei' of all 
literatures- his chief study was history, and with his wonderful powers of memory he attaincl 
extraordinary excellence here. When Father T.>m I'.urke was put forward to answer the English 
eritieof Irish historv. .Mr. Fronde, it was to tlu' lihrary ..f Father ()' Farrell. a1 lloiidoul. and toils 
owner, that the great Dominican went for aid. Charles Dana, of ••TheSmi."' had a w.irm appre- 
ciation of his learning and character, and often li<ire ti'stimoiiy in print and on lie- puMic platform 
to his esteem for lioth. He was a lover of i-hildren. a love that showed it-df in lM^ ,-implc delight 

in tlieii- company, anil in the dcip .ind frnilfnl 
intei'i'st he todk in trui' fducalioii. lli- died 
.\pril -.'d. l^'.il. and in hi- death we lost as 
tru>- a man and a^ learned and upright a JJishop 
as the New ^'ork iiro\ini'e has ever seen. — 
■■ ( 'atholie l'"amilv ,\nnu:d."' 



\\r. l!i;\-. .Iames ArcasriNi': Mc F.u'i.. 

lit. Kcv. .lames .\uguslinc Mid-'aul. D. D., 
r.ishop of 'rriMiton. c^ame lo ihis country from 
Couiil V An I rim. 1 icland. in I S-M . I Ic had there 
hceli horn the si xtli day of .1 urn- uf the pi'exious 
\i-.\v. l''(ir four \'ears he li\ed in ^'e^\ \'oi-k('ity 
and then moved with his parents to Hound 
lirook. in llii- Stale. Hd'c I'.i^laip Mid'^iul 

spent several years of his hoyh land young 

manhood. Thi' schools of Weston and Mill- 
stone a tTordi'il CM (111 ait facilities for thr acipiire- 
ment of knowli'dgc. and he made the ln'St use 
of his opport unilic^. 

'I'lic town iif Hound Hrook h.ad not at tlint 
time a Catholic Clinrcli. and indccil hnl few of 
its inhaliitants wire Callmlics. His dcNout 
panaits. howc\cr. seldom missed attending 
mass, in the diiu'ch at Itarilan or .\e\\ liruns- 
wick. and at these times of worship they in\ari- 
ahlv were accompanied hy their son .lames. 
When onlv nine years of age liislmp Mi l'"aul received his lirst holy communion from a 
r.enedietine Father, now ISishoii Seideiihusli. and a fiw years later coiilirmalion at the hands 
of .\rchhisho]i iiavlev. Shortly hefore this a Catholic mission was estahlishe<l at Jiound 
r.rook and he often assisted in serving ma.s.s. He s])ent three years of study in Saint \'incent\s 
College, lieatty, Pennsylvania, and afterward entered Saint iMancis Xavici-'s College, of Xew 
York Citv. .\fter linishing the eour.se offered there he h.id a Ihorough cla>sical ednialion and 
was fully prepared to ohtain the greate.st po.ssililc henelils from a philosophical and theological 
training. The famous Seton Hall College, of South Orange, Xew -Icr.sey, eounl> him as one 
of its most illustrious alunmi. He was graduated therein lS7o, rcieiving the degree of .\. M. In 
1S77 he was ordained to the priesthood. He was appointed to take the plai-c of sick ]iriests lor 
short periods in I'aterson ami Orange, and was then assigned to SaiiU I'atiick's Church. .Icrsey City, 
as an a.ssistant priest. After two years spent there and in Saint I'alrick's Cathedral, .Newark, and 




HAIN'T M.MtV'S CATtlKliHAI,. 




Kt. Kkv. .Iamks a. Mil'-Aii,. 



TliE CITY OF TPvENTOX. 



17:^ 



Saint rotor'p, New P>niii>\\ ick, lie luiaiiic assistant to \'i( ar-( tcncral Smitli, "f Saint Mary's Catlir- 
ili'al. in tliis ritv. Wlii-ii tin' si'i' nf Trcutdn was crcctrd and tlic ncwly-a])|i(iinlcil l>isliii|i, .Mirliacl 
.1. ( )' Karrcll. liail srlcctcil Saint ^iai-y's as liis latluili'al. the l')isli(i|i natin-aily liail aKuinlanl dpiioi-- 
tunitv tn lioc(.)nR' ai-i|uainl('ii with tlic yuuni;' ]ii'iest wlm was su faitlifuliy discliariiini;' his (liitics as 
assistant. Tlio ISisliMp sdnii I'nuniltliat lie was wurtliy nf i;i-(ati'i- I'cspiinsiliilitics and lariziT u|]]iiii-- 
tunitic's of nsrfulncss. llr apiiuinlcd liim his Sc(a'ctarv and aftci'wards pastor of Saiiil .Mai\'s. Star 
of the Sea, in huim llrancli. New ,lri-sry, in May, ISS.",, ami foi- nearly ciuht years tlial chlTKailt Held 
was tlie scene of his ahle administration. 1 le sueeeeded in ereetinii the ( linreh of Saint .Michael, at 
Klheron. Ujion tlie death of l''ather Smith, ISislioj) O'Fai'rell called his yonni; fi'ienii, l''ather 
jMcFaul, rector of Saint Marv's ( 'athcdial ami Chancellor of the <lioce.-e, whiili was followed 1)\- his 
ajiiiointnieiit as Vicar-( leneral. 

Fi'om this hi nil position he was chos<'ii to succeed liishop ( )' I'arrell. Uishop Mid''aul is helovi'd 
li\' all of the connn\inicants of the C.itliolic Clnnch in this city. 

Saint Francis of Assisium sii'cw froni thi' Chapel of Saint I'^rancis, which was lucalcd on the 
corner of Lanilierton and Market streets. 'Idie mendiers of the I'omaii ('atliolic f.iith who w ei-e of 
Celti<- extraction then erecteil Saint .lohn's ('Innvh, and the (Ici-nian ('atholic- had not snllicient 
strength to sustain a separate ort;anization. Mr. I'eti'r ]Iaii:ous pui'ch.ased the eh.ipel, which h.id 
})ecn closeil. and gave it to the ( I en nans. In 1 St ')•">, the congregation ocenpied the .Methodist chniih 
on Front street, and in ]S(i(> the m-w church was conscci'ated. .\ piiisonagc was also ei'ccted in 
1SI)7. The new (diiu'ch on Front strci't was lirst nanieil "S.aiiif r><iiiifaie," which was, in JStiS, 
changeil to Saint Fi'ancis of ,\ssisiuni. In lS(i'.(, the Fi'an<-iscan Sisteis took charge of the pai-o- 
chial schooL The I!ev. .Toseph Thurues is the [)resent rector. 

The enormous gro^vth of tin' city's foreign population has c.aiiseil, wiihin 1 ln' pa-t dcc'ndc. the 
erection of the heautiful ( 'hui-ih of the Immaculate Conception, which is upon ( 'hi-slnut .avenne. 
The Rev. Francis Lehiier is the i-ector. (hi Ilandall avenue is Saint St.inisl.-uis', of w hich the itcv. 
Felix I'lai'an is jiastor. Saint -hiseph's ('h.apel, on Sheiinan a\-enne, has foi- its ii'ct(pr lle\ . M. 
O'Ficilly. The Polish Chnivh of the Holy Cross is situaleil on the cornel- of .\deliiie .in<l C.i-s 
streets, with tile Pie\-. X'aliaitine S\\ iiiarski, rect(.ir, whilst Saint Mary's (Creek) is upon tin- corner 
of P>road and Cass streets. The pastor is the Uev. Theodore Danjanovicz. 



The ^IirnionisTs. 

Methodi-m was introduced into d'reiitoii in the year ITiiti hy Captain Thoiiia- Wehh. of the 
l!riti>h ariiiv. The lirst years of the Methodist socii'ty's existence were spent in ]iurely missicpiiary 
Work. The l!ev. Francis ,\shiii'y early caine to this city, as the ^ 

citation from his diary shows : "-^ 

"j\ray Tth. 177- — Went to 'rrenton. hut as the court was ^ 
sitting, I was oliliged to jircach in a school house to hut few 
people, and as there was soldier,s in town, I could hardly pio- 
cllle loilgingrt." 

The corner-stone of the lirst Methodist cliurch in this city 
was laid hy liishop .\>hnry. .\pril -J'id, 177o. This meeting- 
house was locateil on the coi-iii r of IJroad and .\cadeiny streets, 
the di'cd rei|uiring that preaching lie had in this meeting-liouse 
"(/■(/•(/ inil: iliii/ ifiiiiini. I I'l 1-1/ iiiit, {lull iriri/ iiiiiniiinj itl jtrr 
o^rldch-, as Well as upon Sundays.'' l)uring the lievohition, the 
society hecanie weak in niimliers, and the uieeting-house was 
useil as a stahle. In ls(l7, a hrick huilding was erected, which was usi'd i'y the Methodists until 

sold t.> the Orthodo.x Friends in |n:'.7. In that year, tl Id '■(Jrcene Street Chiiivh" was huilt. 

and here is to he f(Uind the sum and suh.stauec of all later movements of Trenton Methodism, In 
time this huilding hecame too small and too |ilain for modern ideas ; in eonse(|iienee. the congrega- 
tion decided to hiiild their present superh church editl<-e. This huihling was dcdieat.'d May -Jlitli. 
IN'.).'), and is now known as the First Methodist Church. The project, while long talked of, has 
hein carrieil out iluriiig the successful jiastorate of the |iresent minister in charge, Kev. .lohn 
llalidlev, it- success has hecn laiirelvdue to his ciVorts inid to those of till' ellicielit HuildiMg 




Fiist Mttluidist Mcctiiij; House 



17-1 



THE CITY OF TltKNTOX. 




!m:m. siKKi I M. E. I'm lii II 




('oiniiiittci', .Tiiil.tic William S. Vavd and .Messrs. 
William I'. Hayes, JoHipli ^'. i>aiiiiiiiir, Israel 
Unwell. I'. .). Kite. Hiehanl 1'. Wilson and Seiia- 
tur William II. Skirm. 

Trinity .Methodist Ki)isco|)al Cliureli dates its 
oriain to the Front Street Methodises, who were 
organize(l in ISjCi. They ohtained eontrol of the 
old Duteh liel'oi-med Chnrch. In 1S()(), this 
clmi-eh was sold to the Roman Catholics, and the. 
|-"i-ont Street Methodist Cliureh heeaine Trinity 
.Methodist, .\ftei' worshi|iint;- in v.arions j)laees, 
linallv in a plank huildinir on .\eadeniy street, 
the I'errv sti'ec-t site was imrehased in IStiS. 
X'arions adililioiis have sine<' lieeii made to the 
huiMinL;. The prescait pastor is the I!ev. John 

II. I'.o.well. 

The W.in-en Street Methoilist l\pi<eopal 

li (linnli wa- ornaiii/eil on I'eiminiiton avenue in 

|SI7. in a Sumlay-si-liool mission sent out from 

old (Irei'ne Sti-eet. On M.-iy Stii. IXo'.l. in view 

of this movement in that part of the city, a frame 

,.l,apel was <'reeted on Warren street. .\ s.K-iety eonipoM.! .if tliirty-foin- of the Civene Street 

Chureh memhers oruani/.<-d in isiill. In lS7(i. tli.' present strn.tun' was Imilt. The pastor is the 

I!ev. Joseph (iarrison. 

State Street Methodist k'.piseopnl 
Clmreh was another <-hild of old Civene 
Street Church. ( )r.<;ani/.i'd in 1S.")'.I. its 
iirst place of worship was Temperaiuc 
Hall. In IM'iO, the presiait hrownstone 
ehurch was huilt. and in ISfili the parson- 
■A[SV was erected. Within the |iast few 
years, the church has Ih'cu entii-ely 
renovated and handsomely decorated. 
The pastor is the I!ev. Jose]ih Iv Smith. 
Central Mcthoili.-t Kpiscopal Cliureli 
was oriiani/.ed in l-Siil. an<l duriuL:' the 
next vear the c-oULrrcuation occupied 
their new iiuildinL; on the corner of 
ilroail and Market streets. The chui'ch 
was di'dicatcil in ISIiS. niid its present 
pastol' is the l!c\-. .lames F. Moore. 

The dev<-lopmcnt <if our suhnrhs 
has Ud to the most widely spread 
missionarv projects upon the jiart of 
the .Methodist Church in this city. 
Sonu' i>f these ehtn'ches ari' now of 
niarkcil inllui'nce. Cpon the corner of 
I'.road street and Chestnut avenue is 
Uroad Street Ciiurch, whoso jiastor 
is the Rev. Jose])li F. Shaw. Wcshy 
Chureh is located on Centre street. 
hetweeu Federal and Cass, and its pastor 
is the l!ev. Charles II. l^Mer. On the 
avenue of that name is the Clinton 
Avenue Cluirchj whose pastor is the 



riifr^ 




I li:-^! M. E. CilLIU H, DKblCAlKD AIaV 2bTU, IS'Ji. 




FiasT Battist CiirRfii, Kukcte!> in 1S60. 



THE CHTY OF TIU':NT()N. 



17') 





Ckn'TRal M. K. CiirRfit. 



Hamilton Aneni'K fll. K. CuriiiH. 



Rev. C. 8. Miller. ()ii lliiiniltdii avenue is :i I'liiii'eli nf tlie <aine name, with the Wiy. Ivlwin It. 
Bruiivate as |jast"i'. Saint I'aul's is lueateil nn S|iiin'j sli'eet. aial is a hanilsmne ediliee. Its |iasti>r 
is tlie Uev. S. K. Iliei-;nian. jlni'ini;- IS'.L") a mis-idn ehunli was estahlisiied at Hmail Street 

i'ark. uinlei'tlie |iastiiiate nf the Itev .hisepli ( '. Kul|i. 
Twii .M'liean .MethmHst l']|ii^e(i|>.Ll ehui'ehes are at 

|il(>ent (I'eeteil ill this eit\'. .Mnlllif Zinll. wilieil is 

Icieateil nil I'eriy 
street, was huilt ill 
ISl'.l and i-ehnih in 
1 S."iS, a II (1 Saint 
J'aul's, nil Will'iW 
street, is 111' niiire l-e- 
eent develiipiiieiil. 

'Till-: Tji'Tiiicif.^Ns. 

The ( i ernia II 
ICvanLiidieal i.iithi i- 
aii Trinity Cliiireh 

LireW nut i if tln' 1111- 
sellisll lahnrs of tlie 
l!ev. .\. .1. ( leisseli- 
haiiiier, iif New 

^'nrl<, wlln. ill IN'll. 

came to Trentnii anil |iieaeliei| in the ( u'riiian laiiiiiiaue tn the ( ei-nian eolony. .Mr. ( ieisseiihainier 
eventuallv eanie t<i Treiitdii, i>iiichase.l a lot dii r.mail street and in ]s:)-2 a small Kriek ehlireh was 
(ledicated thereon. A small seli(ii>l-li(iuse was also eiveteil. In 1 Sod. the eoiiL;re^alioii hei'ame 
ineor]iorated, and in lSo7 they |iureha>^iMl their eliuivh |Mo|ieity. 'I'he eliiinh \\'a- enlai^ed in 
INdo. and in 1S77 tlie im^eiit hiiek stiiietiire was huilt. The [lastor is the Itev. l;inlol|ili (hrlaeli. 

The Evanirelical Lutheran ('liii>t Chnivli was oiL:ani/.ed in .Inly. IsCi'.l, the iiieiiiheis wor^liipin;: 
in the (ierinan Lutlieran eliureh and in the Court House. In |S7o a stone clmreli on the e'onier of 
(ireenwood avenue and Conover street was huilt. The iti'v. 
A. P>. Killiiioer is the jiastor. 

The (ieniian TjUtheran Cliureh of the Advent is located 
on till' eoriiia- of iJroad and Maloiie streets, and was la-ei-ted 
to sii|i|ilv the demands of the (lerniaiis of ( 'haniher>huri;. 
The pasti.ir i.s the Uev. John J. lleissler. 

The ]^..u>tists. 

The close of the I'evolut ionai'v war marks the initial 
inoveinent of the l!a|)tist faith in this eily. In 17^7 the l!ev. 
Peter Wilson jireached in the First ward, and on tlu' fourth 
of March, 178S, five persons were haplized in the Delaware 
river. The doctrines of this denoininatioii spread rapidly, 

and in INO;!, on the twenty-sixth of Xovcnihcr, a meeting-house was dedicated. This was uj.on land 
(leedeil hy Colonel Peter Hunt. In 1 SH.") an ortranization was elVected which hccame the Fir.-t 
P.aptist Chureh. This eontiinicd prospcroii- until the separation liy a later pastor, the Itev. William 
ISoswell, wlio, in IS:^;!, estahlished the '■ Reformed (ieneral liaptist Church." This separatist con- 
gregation lasted until ahout \x:'>'k Their house was sold to the Second I'reshyterian Chureh. 
Again in Au;.'ust, PSi:!, the Itev. .loliii Young resigned and formed the Second Itaptist Church, 
which huilding was later occupied hythe Central P.aplist Chureh. Fpon .luly 2(Uh, ISliO, the 
lircscnt edifice was erected, and in IMll the name ■■The First P.aptist Church of 'I'renlon "' was 
adopted, the old name heing "The ISaptist Cliiireh of Trenton and Famherton." 



#*i 




Cf.nthai. R.mtist Cuiiuii. 



170 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



Ill lS(')8-(>fl, a mission was orcctcd in CliaiulnTsliurir, and in 1.S70, a similar jirojcct was siicci'ss- 
lully att( injilud in the .Sixtii ward. T1k> present jjastor i.s the Rev. M. Penlield Fikes. 

Tlie Central Bajitist Cliunh was organized on tlie thirtieth of Ai)ril, 1.S.54, wliieh ni'w Imdy 
corporate occujiied the Imilding of tlie e.xtinet Seeoiid Baptist Clnireh. The ehureli, afti'r alteia- 
tions and imiJiovcmeiits, was rededieated Mareh 3d, 1804. In 1S(')7, the Perry Street Chapel wa.s 
erected, and a mission school was cstahlished in East Trenton. Jii 1S72 and since, the church has 

i)een thoroughly re])aired and I'eiiovated. The jiastor is the 
Rev. A. W. Wi'shart. 

TIk' I'crry Street Chapel ot' the Central P.aptist Chiiivh 
is the jiarent of the Clinton .\\cnue ]ia]itist Church. In 
1S78, the latter ehurrli was organized with tliirty-two con- 
stituent nieinhers. 

The jiresent structun\ one of ]iai'ticular heauty, was 
lirst occiipird in Feliruary, 1S7(). The pastor is the Rev. 
.Tndson ( 'onklin. 

'{"he growth of the old liorough of ( 'hainliersluirg leil 
to the estalilishment of Calvary Baptist Church, at Clinton 
and Itoehling avenues. The ]iastor is the Rev. .\. P. 
Kn(i\\les. The clia|iel is located on Mullierry street, at the 
cui'iici- of New York avenue. 

The Fifth Ba]itisl Church, of which the jiastor is the 
Wrv. .lames P. lluiitei'. i^ lucatcd on Centre street hclow 
Landing. 

Tlie Berean P.aptist Chun-h ( colored) was organized in 
issn. with si.xtcen mcnilicrs. 

.Messi;ih's Church, on the corner of Front and .Mont- 
g(imii-y streets, was organized Fdirtiary '.itli. \s'i\. hy the 
Rev. J). 1. Roliinson. The lirst church occupied liy this 
congregation was mi the corner of Clay and Market streets. 
< )n the lirst of .luue, 1^7-">, tlieii- ])resent church cdilice was 
deilieated. '{"he l!ev. S. F. (irady is the jiastor. 

liar Sinai Ilehrew Congregation was organized rirnnn 
ISCid. the corporators heillg Simon Kahnweiler. Isaac 
W'yman. 1 lenrv Shoiiinger. ilei-man Posenliaum, Mai'eus .\ron, L. Kahnweilei' ami |)avid .\(aid<o. 
'{'he congregation met mi South Warren street, and afterward in the old Chancery huildiii;:. In 
\^7'2. the .Montgomery street synagogue was jiurchascd from llii' Lutherans, who hail uscmI it as a 
chapel, '{"he ralilii of {{ar Sinai is .loseph (iali|-iel, the President lieing Isaac Loweiistein and thi' 
Secretary .1. L. lIei-old. 

A Polish Ilehrew Congrcuatioii has also heen oigaiiized on I'liion street. 




< I 1 N 1 . \ .\ 




chaptj:i; xxiv. 



TltKNTOX IX TlIK ItKllKl.l.loN AND IIKIJ NATIONAL (UAIHi (>!•' To-DAY. 




Tin-: Crrv's ATTrrrnic I'lMiX tuk ()|'i:mm: nv ihk Wai; I'li;! w i:i:\ iih.; Statics — Tiii'; ()i.i] Militia 

SVSTKM Tin; CciMI'AMKS W'lIUII LkI-'I' VnU iUE FlIuN'r — Wai; Ti.MICS 1.\ 'rKKNTuN '1"|||; 

NaTIiiNAL (ilAKIi AMI TIlK Xa\'AI, RlOSIJiXIO. 

rjpi^ 111*- SriKIT iif patrintisiii wliicli .iinniatcil IJcxdIntidiiarv 'rri'iitmi in si'iidiiiLr tn IIk 
^ rniiks III' the ('iiiitiiii'iital liiir aiitl the St:iti' iiiililia the Ijcst nf lici- ri(i/cii>, ilid iicit 
!^ fail wlirii ihc call fur incii aiinnunccd the (ijirniii;^ uf the war hrtwccii tlir States. 
Ill sii|i|ilyinir iniai t" till tlic i|Uiita of tin' State, and thus oliviatc tin' <li-afl. Trent mi 
i J^~7^-J enjoys an envialile reeord. Xnt niily the lliell, luit the Wiiiiieii, the latter in the 
V IMV Vto iirii'ani/.atidii nf relii^f edininittees and in fnrwardiiiLr i^dods and elntliiiiL!' tu the 
rva^tj,'^^ '• l')(iys ill lillle," ns|Miiided imlily til the call (if iluty. 

(o i c) In till' iiriianizatiim nf the vnlnnteer euiiipanies nf infantiA ineii wliieh fmiii 

2) New Jersey went unlilv to the front, it is imt easy tn say that this enni|iany nr 

that was ('nin])nsed I'Xelusively nf Treiitnnians. The hreakini.' niit nf the Civil 
war fniind the military nriianizatinti nf the Stati' nf Xew Jersey under the nld militia system. 
Tieiitnii was i'e|iresentei| liv the M ercer ( '1 Hint V lii'iirade. It was the days nf the "Jersev nines," 
the "Sniith Trentnii Killes," the "Sai'slield dnarils," the "Irish N'nlmiteers," the "Stnektnn 
Artiller\." which had siiceccdcd the "I'hieiii.x Cniii|i:iny, '' the " Flyinir .\i'tillery" and similar 
military assnciatinns. 

rpi.n the fifteenth nf AlH-il. l.Sdl. came President Lilicnln's call fnr T'l.lKHl State militia, and 
njinn the seventeenth nf tile >ame nmntli came the War i )i']iai'tmciit's rci|nisitinn fnr .New .lersey's 
i|Unta. This was tn attach niie refxiineiit frniii each nf the fnnr military divisiniis nf the Stale. Of 
this rei|nisitinn. the Third UcLdnient, fnr three mnnths' service, with William Xajitnii as Cnlniicl 
and .lames S. ^'ard .-is Majnr. had ('niii|iaiiies .\, ( ', |) recruited in and arnniid the city nf Trentnii. 
These three-mniiths' men Were enlisted tn scrxe until .Inly •'list, ISIil, wlieii they were tn he 
mustered niit. lly virtue nf the first three-years' call fnriiatiniial defenders, issued under the ireiieral 
nrders nf the War 1 )i'|iartment May, |N(il, ('nni|iany 1! was raised in Trentnii, xvitli Captain Sylvester 
\'aii Svekell in cniiimand, .\ii act nf Cnn;:ress (-Inly 22d, ISfJl ) called the l'"nurth HeL'illient iiitn 
iieiiit;. Cnmpaiiv P., Ca]itain Willi.im Sedden ; ('mnpany C, Cajitain iieathcnat .1. Dishrnw, and 
Ci.mpan\- 1). ( aplain Samuel .Miilfm'd, lieini; lar;.'ely cnm|jnsed nf Treiilniiiaiis. Cmnpany .\, 
re-ni'i;aiiiy,ed, nf the l'"ifth lve;.'inient was frnm this city, and its Captain was -Inliii W. Neal. Cmii- 

jiaiiy K nf the sa rei^riment had Trentnii soldiery in its ranks. Of the Si.Nlh Kej.'imciit. a part 

nf Companv .\, Captain Stephen It. (lilkyson, and Cmnpany ii. Captain Charle> i'^wiii;.', were frmii 
the capital. 

The .Ninth UeLrimciit had .Mercer County Killemcii in Company I'", whose Captain was William 

1;. Ciirlis. Company M, .il.-n of tin- rcLdmeiit, Captain .Inseph M. MeChesiiey, was raised partially 

in .Mercer cminty. The Tenth Ite^dmeiit was raised as an independent (iri,'ani/ati<m under llii' 

supervision nf the War Departiaciit, and was called the Olden Legion. On the twenty-nilitli of 

X 



178 THE CITY OF TRKNTON. 

•LiiiUMi-v, ISCiL', the rcjiiiiicnt |i:issc<l uihUt riintnil of the State of New .Icrscy. In .\|uil. ISIVi, 
C"iim]iany (1 "f tliis rcfriiiiiMit, wlmsc C'ni>tain was Cliarlcs II. McClu'Siify, now Cliirl' of I'olicc. was 
raiscil in Trcntun. At this same jicridd, the Eleventh Keirinieiit was organi/.t'd, I'dnipany (' heinff 
the Trenton ixirtion tliereof. .John .1. Willis was the Captain. 

In the si>vinir of 1S()2 the Fourteenth lleginient was reeruiteil. Company 15 eoniposeil of 
Trentonians. The Twenty-first Re.u'iinent, composed of nineinonlhs" men, had from Trenton and 
vieinitv Companies E and II, whilst the Twenty-second Keirinient had ( umpanies F and ( '< as parts 
of their respective orjiani/.ations. The Thirty-second Rcfiiment, or the Second New Jersey Cavalry, 
had many Trentonians in Comjiany C, whose Captain was Edward 1". Mount. Company E, under 
connnand of William \'. Seudiler, was also of this rej^imenl. Of the Thirty-seventh Itciriment, 
Comjiany C was the Trenton oriranization, as was Company K of the Thirty-eii;hth He.L'imeiit. The 
Fortieth llcLdment Companies E and (! were or;;ani/,ed in this city. Conijiany li of the Thirty- 
fourth Infantry was partially a Trenton company, as was K of the Thirty-lifth Uc'^iment. Of the 
live liatti'ries of artillery whii-h New .lersey furnished, none were raised in TTcnlon. l>ut many 
recruits came from the city. 

Inasmuch as Trenton was the seat of State ^foverninent, the city was the headi|Uarters of many 
of the militarv operations of the State. The ( lovernor w.'is practically a resident of the t<.wn and as 
Commandcr-in-Ciiief drew alioul him the leailinn niilitaiT spirits of the State and nati(in. 

In Chamhershurir, at the outhi-cal< of the Kehellion, was situated Camp Olden, where the first 
l\ine regiments were mustcri'd into service. This cani|i was sustaincil tmtil the sprinu' of 1S(J2, 
wlu^n Camp I'errine was cstalilished. The latter was located on South 15roa<l street, near the canal, 
and also in the '' old horou<j;h." Camp I'ei-rine renjaiiied until the close of the war. The rccruitiuLr 
station and militarv lieail(|Uarti'rs of Trenton were u|ion tlie southeast corner of Front and Warren 
streets, a spot known as the " l!endczvoU'<." The Thirty-fourth I'ejiiment and Second Cavalry were 
encani|ied in Ivist Trenton, hetweeii the Inter-State Fair irrounds and thecanal. In ISIil the Cniteil 
States <;ovi'rnment huilt the Trenton harracks in Millhani, faeinir Olden avenue. The markets on 
Broad Street were at this time tlioroughly e(piipped, and the soldiers were ImjUently fed at the 
vegetahle stalls. 

The National Guard of the State of New Jersey was or.irain/ed by Icirislative enactment in the 
vear ISd'l (March Oth ). ami is |irac'tically the active militia of the State. 

\l its incipiencv the National ( iuard consisted of not more than si.xty com]ianies of infantry, 
two hatterics of artillery and si.x cavalry companies. It was autliorized that these companies he 
orfranized hy the Comniandei-in-Chief into not more th.ni three hriirades. The ]iresent National 
(hiard authorizes sixt\' coni]ianies of infantry, two (iatlinu i;un companies, one seacoast artilleiv 
com]iany, and four companies of colored nii'ii. 

In Ti-enton, which is the headipiarters of the ScNcnth l!ei:iment. National Onaid .New .lei-sey, 
are to lie found Company .\, organized Novendier .'tOth, l>>iin, whose armory is in Masonic Temple; 
Company 1!, organized A]iril 1 Ith, ISC,'.)^ whose armory i.~ in Washiniiton Hall, and Company D, 
(Myanized Jidy -iOth, ISCiil, whi<h also drills in Washington Hall. 

It is of interest to rt'collecf, in coTmeetion with the Kehellion, that upon .Maivh lllli, 1 S(i-J. the 
Trenton Arms Company was incorporated. There was .'i lapital stock of ^ 1 ."ii 1. ( 1( ID. divided in 
shares of SoOO each, with jiowcr to increase it to -S KKI.OOII. 

The corporators were Aaron H. N'ancleve. Charles Moore, .loseph O. i'.ieai-ley. Joseph C. T'otts 
and Andrew (1. M. Prevost. 

The eommandinj; oHieer.s of the Seventh Ilegiment areColonel, William II. Skirm ; Lieutenant 
Colonel, Charles Y, IJaniford ; ^lajor.s — First Battalion, .\u.Lrustus F. Stoll, Second liattalion, .\ndrew 
J, Buck, The Staff — Surj;eon, Charles B. Leavitt ; .\ssistant Surfreon, R. R. Rogers, Jr. ; Jud'ic- 
Advocate, Chauncy II. Beasley ; (Quartermaster, Ceoroc T. Craniner ; Paymaster. C. Edward Mur- 
ray; Inspector of RiHe Practice, C. Au>;ustus Reid ; .\djutant, Charles II. W. \'an Sciver ; .\djutant 
First Battalion, Fredi^rick (lilkyson ; Adjutant Second Battalion, Micajah E. Matlack, of Mount 
Holly. The Non-Conunissioned Staff is composed of Seri;cant-Major, i'l'ank W. .\llaire; Connnis- 
sary-SerLfeant, Horace Biddle ; (iuartermaster-Ser<;eant, Piiilip .\rnoM : IIos]iital Stcwanl, l'"rard< 
II. Lalor ; Color-Sergeant, Charles Mutchler ; Right Cencral (iuide, John (!. Ross; Left Cicneral 
(Uiide, William E. Pedriek ; Bugler, Fred. F. C, Woodward ; Drum-Major, Jaeoh \. Rooz. Of 
the Lini — Company A, Captain Lewis N. Clayton ; First Lieutenant, W. F. Skillman ; Second 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



179 



Lieutenant, ( iduvi'inrin- \'. I'ackri-. ('(ini|>any 1!. ('aptain, (u'oi-m' J,. l<'(innan ; I'Mrst Liinitcnant 
William (1. Maililndc ; Srcuml Lieutenant, Frank .1. 'i'nweis. ('dinpany I), Captain, i;ernanl Rogers • 
First rjeuteuant, Patrick J. Amiersdn ; Secdud Lieutenant, [■'rank .1. O'llaivi. 

The recent impartial c|-iticism nt the Fnited States War Departnieni mnki's an exceiitioiiallv 
line shdwinu' tor the militia of New Jersey. The cha|iler relating: to the National Cnanl of .\c'\v 
Jersey .t;ives in detail the statistics of the hrij^ades, re.ninients and liatta lions, with full information 
as to the stafY ilepartnients. 'i'he .Vmhulanee and I'losjiital Corps is praised for its liiL'h detiree of 
I'lliciency, as is also the Sitiiial Corps attachccl to the Si'conil llriuade. 

Under the head of "Drills and Ceremonies," it is remarked that "the |irolieienev of the 
National (iuard is creditahle and sati.sfactory,'' while the persuinu'l and discipline are referri'd to as 
follows : 

"The ]iersonnel of thetiuard is e.xeellent. .\ numher of the Lfciieral ollicers and theii- stall's 
and the Held and rei,'imental staff ollicers. saw active service duriui;- the Civil war, ;is well as some 
heinu- .<rraduatcs of West Point and .\nnapdlis. ^hlny of the staff ami lini' ollicers are vouni.' men, 
enthusiastic, anihitious and studious. The same mav also he said of the rank and lile, wIhkc 
ages are from ei,L;iiteon to thirty-five years. The ilisciiiline is ^ood and insuhordiiiali.m is i-ai-e."" 

This c.immcnt is particularly applicahlc to the Seventh Regiment and to the companies located 
in tills city. 

The Naval Reserve in this city was oi-gaiii/,cd under a recent act of the Legislature. The Mrst, 
West Jersey or Trenton Division is locati'il in this city and consists of liftv-eiixht memhers, 'i'he 
State Commander is ^\'illianl IL Ja(|nes, whilst of the 'I'renton Division tlie Set-retarv is Norman 
P, Stahl ; Treasurer, Lloyd H. Roekhill ; Captain, Fred. F. ('. Woodward, and Ensign, L Scott 
Scannnell. 



CIIAl'TKi; XXV 



TIIK I'.KXt'll AND I'.Ai: nV l-UKNTi >X, 



Till': Cai'Itai. I'lii': Miccca of 'I'lih: I'kaciitiunkks uk Xi;\\ .1i:i:si:v — Dk^nitaimics (if l\K\'iii.rri(iNAi;v 
Days ami Tiikik I m\ii;iii ati: SrcrKssoits — 'I'm-: Uai; hi- iiii: Cit'i- (if To-Day. 



II]'] 1!I'",('< )ItD of 'rrcntoii rdatiiii;' to tlic ciniiiciit Jcrscyincn wlio liavr irraccil the 
\ licnrli or ailornril tlic liar, is the i'c<-orcl of tlic State. I'^vcii in coliniial tiiru'S, 
/ wlu-n tile Loiiislnturc met altcnialrl V at lini'liiwtoii and I'rrtli .Vniliov, the Suiircnic 




Court sometinu's sat in Trenton, am! at least the connty eonrts of llunterilon 
were liilil in tliis. her sliiie tow n. Dnrini:' the l!c\dlntiiin ami until IT'-H. when 
the movement to make Trenton the State capital crystallized, the various State 
courts met in 'J'renton. ami aftei- IT'.l'J we liml the sessions of the Sujireme and 
( 'haneery Coui'ts are held I'eiiularly in this city. Thus until to-day Trenton has 
heen the .Mecca of the Icjal fiaternity. Here meet the Coui-t of I'j-mrs and 
Appeals, the Cointof I'ardinis. the Supreme Court, in hane and in liranch, thi' 
Chancerv Cmn't, of the State oruani/ation ; the Circuit, Common I'leas, Criminal and < >rph.ins' 
Courts of the county system, and the Circuit and District Courts of liie I'nited States. Here are 
locatcfl the Clerks of all these couits, ami hei'e jmlLiincnts, involving the rights of th(^ citizen, of the 
corporation or of the commonwealth, aie pi-oiiomiccd. 

The men composing tlie liar of the city of Trenton of to-day are the inheritors of a distinguished 
]i;ist. The hriglitest stars which ever graced the legal liea\ens of the har of New Jersey have shone 
in Trenton. In tlie eai-ly days of the Itevolnti.in could he seen on the city streets the form of 
Uieharil Stockton, signci- of the Declaration of 1 mlependiaiee, and one who decHned in 177li the 
Chief .lusticeshi]! of ,\(AV .icrsi'y. Although a resident of Princeton, he and his sludent-at-law. 
Jonathan Dickinson .Serjeant, afterw.ard .\ttoi-ney-l General of I'ennsylvania, weri' in attendance upon 
tlie courts held in Tn^nton. Samuel Witham Stockton, the younger hrother of Richard, was a 
negotiator of a treaty with Holland and returned to New Jersey in ITT'.'. He was one of the 
Secretaries from New Jersey to ratify the Constitution of the I'nited Slates : appointed Secretary of 
State after removing from Primiton to Trenton. He, in 17ll">, lost his life in this city hy heing 
thrown from a chaise. 

Colonel David Ih'cai'ly, outlawed in the •Mimes that tried meirs souls," served as the Chief 
Justice of New Jersey, 177il-17.S'.t, and was one of the convention to draft the Constitution of the 

United States. Hi- was a Judge of the I'nited States Court upon the occasi )f his death in 17'.'<). 

The eccentric Samuel Leake, of Cnmhcrland county, hccame a resident of Trenton in 17S'"), where 
lie remained until 1S2(), when he died. Richard Howell, (iovernorand Chancellor of Xiw Jersey. 
17i)2-IS(ll, of a Delaware family, commenced his ollicial <-areer as Clerk of the Supreme Court in 
17NS, and rcsideil during the rest of his life in Trenton, (iovcrnor Howell's jiatriolii' services to 
New Jersey place him among the foremost rank of her honored sons. William Churchill Houston, 
the litiriilriir-d\n\ piatriot, was Clerk of the Supreme Court from 1781 to 17S8, and resided in this city. 
John Rutherfonl, at the age of thirty, in the vear 17i)0, hccame a rnifed States Senator. He was 
a man of wealth and aliility, and had a residenci' at Trenton on the Delaware, from 17'.»S to LSO.S. 
Lucius Horatio Stockton, brother of the " Duke," who succocdcd lii.s father at Morvcn, was District 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. ISI 

Attumoy for New Jersey. Prcsidnit Aihuiis ii(iniin;itc(l Lucius Stdcktuii as a FecU'ralist, for the 
positiiin of Seorctai'v iif War, wliicli. willi liis rcccntricitirs, pave irrcat citTciisr tn l'r('si<l('iit .Ictfcrson. 
^Ir. Stiicktiin, in Trrntim, aciniircil a lari;c jiracticr. ( )!' a man |irc-i'iiiiiiiiit at llic Tiriitnu liar — 
Aaron Dickinsun \\'i»iilnitV — it iiia\' lie said tliat lie was Imi-n Srptc inlna- li'tli. ITti'J ; ildivcri'il tlir 
\'al(.'(lictiirv at tlic Trincctun ( '(iniMicnccniciit ul' 177'-i; was ailniiltrd t<p tlir liai' IT'^J; was made 
Attiiriii'V-( iciu'ial nf tlic State in 1 T'-i'J. and annually rc-ilcctcd. i\i(|it in 1 si ]. until I lis ilratli. Hi- 
also served in the LejiislatuiT, and was inllucntial in liavini; Tri-ntun scJectcMl tni- the State capital. 
lie was Iniried in the Trentnn ilmrchyard. wluic his e]iita|ih rcc(iid> that, ■' F(ir twcnty-foiu' years 
he tilleil the inqmrtant station of .Vttnrney-Oenei-al with inc<irru|itiMi' inte^irity. .\dverse to le;.'al 
suhtleties, his prnfessinnal know ledi;!' was ixei'ted in the cause ol' ti'uth and justice. The native 
henevolence of his heart made him a patrun (if th(.' ]icHir, a dcfendei' nf the fatherless ; it exulted in 
the joys, or participateil in the snrniws "f his friends." 

The men wlm next a|ipe:ii- upnii the Held (if actidU wei'e those wIki Were liiirn durinu the Revo- 

lulidU, and came t" maid I in time to enjoy its lirst fiiiils. Tl peiiiuL: of the present century 

in Trenton finds .James ImvIul; in tlie city, and his sou Charles, aftciwanl destined to liecumc Chief 
Justice of New .lersey, just Liradnated fimii I'riiiceloii and studyiiii; law with Samuid l.eal<e. 
Although much in the acti\-e politieal life of his time, lie did not fail to culti\atc In II,. -i-l, ll ,■(.<. and 
hecanie, in short, one of those men truly licloved and lioiioi-e(l. \\y untimely (leatli. his life was 
shortened in IX-'l:!. .\n associate of Chief .lustici.' I'^wiiiLi was the lirilli.int Samuel L. Southanl. 
Servinw as Law Repoiler. I'roseeutoi- of the Pleas, .\ssociate .lustieeof the Siipi-eme Court. Cnited 
States Senator. Scia-etary of the .Navy, .Vttoniey-t icneral of New .lerscy, he claimed '{"reiitoii a> his 
residence from l^fl) to is,';s. 

Oovernor I'cter l)um(iiit X'room. sou of Lieutenant-Colonel I'ctcr |). X'room. was the leader of 
the har durinu the middle of the present cent\u-y. .\t the .aiic of thirty-ciiilit. he hecaiiie the 
E.xecutive. and \vas re-elected until IN^iCi, when he was compellc(l to decline future honoi's on 
account of ill health. He was a participant in the " liroad Seal W'.-ir." as CouL'ressman-elect froiii 
New Jersey, where he hecame the hero of the contest. From IS.'i.'lto I S.'iT, ( loviaaior X'rooiii was 
^linister to the Court of I'.crliii, after ha\inL! heeii a iiienili(a- of the Constitutional C(iii\-ciition of 
1S44, and havini; (lecliued the portfolios of .\ttoincy-Ceneial and Seci-ctary of the .\a\y. ( iovernor 
\'rooni, one of the most distinguished men of this c( ntiuy of national history, died at his home in 
Tnaiton in 1n74. 

(,»iiartermaster-(;(aienil Samuel 11. llamilton. althoiiuli l>y hirtli a I'rincctonian. later resided in 
Trenton, and was the po.-scssor of a lariic practice throui^liout this section of the State. heiiiL' noted 
as a trial lawv(a-. Cohaiel William llalstead. editor of the reports which hear his name, resided in 
Trenton, whia-c he was interested in claim cases lu-oniilit a;iainst the Camden and .\nilioy railroad. 

Chief Justice Henrv Woodlndl (dven. a Circuit praetiti r. in Hunterdon and Rurlington 

Circuits, eschewed t lie political aspirations of his associates and (lc\iitc(l himself solely to the jirae- 
tice of his chosen profession. .\s a memher of the Ciaistitutional Convention of lSI-1, as Chief 
Justice and Chancellor, he carved for himself a name which has far more than local import. He 
twice married dauuhtia's of Chief .liisti.c iMvin.i;. wliowa- his le.ual preceptor. Hy the names of 
\'r(iom, (ireeii and Southard, we lind that of William Lewis Dayton, who. after an eventful life, 
died as Minister to France in the year |si;|. Mr. Dayton's political career was long and honorahle, 
and hears a striking rescmhlancc to that of his kinsman. Samuel Lewis Southard. A man of strong 
will and givat intellectuality, he Idled the most important jiositious in New Jersey, and through 
sheer ahility gained instant rccognilion at home. and alu-oaiL Stacy Cardincr I'otts, eclitor, autlior, 
Clerk in Chancery. Law IJeviser. Supreme Court .lustiee, was a ivsidiait of Tnaiton during sixty 
years of the jirescnt centnrv. He was an .alile lawyia-. one of the earliest collci-tors of hooks in the 
city, and a man of sterling integrity. His lnothi r, .loseph C. i'otts, the editor of (he •• New Jia-s.y 
Pvcgistcr" (LS87), was a lawyer of this city. Of other niiai of this i.erioil there were James Wilson, 
first Prosecutor of the Pleas of the county of Mercer. Clerk of the Supreme Court. an<l for many 
years the oldest memhers of the Trenton har. Isaac W. I,anning was admitted to the har in 1S:'.L 
an<l l)ecame (me of tlie most distinguished practitioners in the State. Within tlie memory of even 
the youngest memhers of the har are the names of Caleh Smith Creeii. Lay Judge of tlie Court of 
Errors and Ajijicals, whose .servi<-es to Princeton Piuversily au<l the (irecn Foundation School at 
Lawrenceville, are his cmlnring monument ; of Augustus (i. Itiehey, whose association with linancial 



ISO TlIK (ITY OF TRENTON. 

iiistitutions iind wlioso lopil ;il>iliti<'S wnn him a ]<];\vr as (•(Uiiiscldr ami (linctnr with niihuail curiJO- 
rations ; of Kilwanl Wallace Siiulilcr, whose fairness in decision and courtesy to the l)ar, leave only 
the liai>i>iest recollections ; of Barker (iinninere, the last great tower of lejial strenu'tli to he sliattered 
l)V the Destroyer, after a record honorahle alike in politics and at tiic har ; of the late Judjre John 
T. Nixon, of the fuited States District Court, whose activity in politics in the southern ]iortion of 
the State, and his honesty and ahility jjained him presti<re ; of Frcilerick Kiii.i:iiian. ulm hrjran life 
as an assistant to James Wilson, in the Supreme C.'ourt Clerk's olIic<'. refused ]iolitic:d ]ii-(fcrnient. and 
died full of years and honors. 

Such ari' some of the men who liavi' made the har of the city of Ti-ent<in famous. Could an 
analvsis he made of all the incidents of their lives — varied and complex as they wen — it woujil he 
a iiicture of Stat(> progress. Ihit what has l>een done can he re-accomplished. The har of this city 
oecui)ies a jtosition second to none in the State — not only for intt'grity and ahility, hut likewise for 
its <:eneral reputation throughout the State and nation. 

(!i-:.\i-:i!.M. J.VMKs F. Itrsi.iNc^ was hoi-n at Washington, Warren county. N. .1.. .\pril 1 Itli. INol, 
liut his father, (iershom Itnsling, removed to Trenton, X. .1., in IS!-'). He was sent to Pennington 

Sennnarx- in iS.'ill, and gi-aduated with lii'st lionors in IS.'ii'. |i eiliately aftei-uai'd. he was 

adnuttecl to the .lunior Class at 1 )ickinsoii College, and gi-adu:ited tliiTe with honors in l.S-')l, and 
delivered the Master's ()|-ation ami recei\-ed his ilegree of .\..M. theic in \sr,~. 

Soon after graduating he was elected i'rofessor of Natural Science and liellcs-Lcttrcs at Dick- 
inson Seminarv, Williamsport, I'a.. and serve<l tliere elliciently from 1 ^-^ J to l.s,"i7. At the same 
time he reail law, and was adndtteil to the Pennsylvania har in 1>^.')7, and to thi' New .Jersey har in 
ls.")'.t. lie settled in Trenton in 1S.")1), and continued to practice law tln're mitil .\ugust, IStil. 
when he entered the I'nion army as Fii'st Lieutenant. Fifth Itegiment. New .lersey N'ohmteers. 
He served all thmugh the Civil war in the .\rniy of the I'otom.ae. to the fall of ISH;!; in the 
Department of the Cumhei-land, to >innmer of lSl').'i; and in the I'nited States Wai' De|iartment, 
to SeptenduM', IS(i7, when he retir<'d as Jlrigadiei--( lenei-al, I'nited States \'olunteei-s ( lire\-et ). 
"for meritorious ami di>tingiiished services, wai- of ISiij." He was thus five times proiiiote<l 
on the rcconnnenilation of such olUccrs as (ienerals Mott, Berry, Sickles, Hooker, McClellan, 
Thomas Sherman and (d'ant, ami servt'cl in succession at regimental, hrigade, division, eor]is. 
armv, department and general I'nited States .\rmy headc|Uarti'rs — a record uneinialed in kind hy 
anv New .lersey oilieer. licturning to Trenton he i-esunied the pi'actice of law. and in ISfiSwas 
nonnnatcd for Congress hv the Kepuliliean party. Second New .lersey District ( ovei- ix-( lovernor 
Newell), hut was defeated hv a small majoiity, this di^triel heing heavily Democratic, :is then con- 
stituted. In ISCi'.lhewas appointed I'nited States Pension .\L;c'nt for New- .lersey hy President 
(Irant, ami re-appointed until 1^77, when the .New .lei'si'y agency was aholisheil, with others, hy 
consolidation. Since then hi' has heen engaged in general law |ii-aetiee and real estate husiness, 
making a speeialtv of pension cases, ami is now <-oimselor-at-l.iw in all New Jei-si;y and I nited States 
courts. Of literary pro<-livities, as an author he has writtcii eonsiderahly for various periodicals: 
for the -'(Juarti'rly lleview,'' l.S.')'.)-l.S();] ; ■• United States Service ^fagazine" ami " Harper's Maga- 
zine," l.S(;:!-lS(i() ; "Century," •• Christian .Vdvocate," and other newsi)a])crs fre(iuently, to date. 
In h'^7'> he puhlishcd a volume entitled ".Xcniss America, or the (ireat West and the I'acifie Coast,'" 
heing an account of his travels then' when lnsj)ector Fniteil States .\rniy, which the press noticed 
very handsomelv, and which passed thi-o\igh two editions. In ISSti he wroli' a " History of State 
Sli-eet M. K. church, Trenton. N. .1.," with a sinnmary of the early history of .Methodism in 
Trenton and New .lersey, conlainiMg information of great value. 

In lS7(i he delivered the annual address at hoth Dickinson Seminary and Dickinson College, 
and in 1 SSS the amnial a<ldress hefore the Alpha-Omega Society of Pennington Seminary. Tn 1SS9 
he delivered the Fourt h of Julv oration at Ocean drove, N. .1., in IS'.tlan address thereon the 
" .March of Methodism," and has heen a frecjuent speaker at literary, political and religious gather- 
ings in New Jersey since l.S.")l). He received the degree of id,. D. from Dickinson College in lf<!)0. 
He was Prcsiilent of the .Mercer County Sunday-School .Association ls7')-lS7i;. and Trustee of 
Pennington Seminary 1S(;.S, and, with the exception of a year or two, has heen Trustee ever since, 
and I'resident of the Board of Trustees since 18S.S. lu ISSS he founded the " liusling .Medal " for 
good conduct and scholarship there. He joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in isps^ ami is 




(iKNKKAl. .IaMK-' ]■'. KlSl.lN.. 



THE CITY OK TIlKN'l'ON. 



18Ji 



imw a iiii'iiilicr aiiil 'I'nistcc (if tlic State Street M. K. Cliurcli of tliis citx-. 1 1 is fatlier, frrandfatlier 

ami ul'eal-i:raiiill'allier w Cl-e all .Metln idists liefure llilii tur a eeiiturv m- liimc-. lie was eleeti'il nlie 
(if tlie ( leiieial .Maiiai;ii's iif the < leiiei-al M issiiHiai'v Smiet \- M. E. C'lmreli ISS'.). and \"ice President 
1S'.)'J. and made a .Maiiauer nf the S(ieiet\- nf tlie Sons (pf the American I!e\(iluti(ill, New .lersev, IS'Jl. 
( )n January 1st, l.S'iS, (ieneral Kuslini: niai'ried .Mi>.- Marv 1''. Winmi' ( dauudiler of liev. Isaac 
Winner. l).l). ). wlm died the same yeai-. ( )n .lime .'Kith. 1^70. h,. niarrie(l Miss I'^niilv W. 
datvuhter (if Isaac W.n.d. I'^siinire, (if Treiitdn, N. .1. Twd children are the fruits (if this latter 
marriage — James \\'., and iMnily W. — the fdiiiici- \\n\\ a S()|ih.im(ire at I'rincelun I niversit v. 
(Ieneral llusling has always liccn i^rcatly intei-cstcd in e\ ( rylhiiiL; that ].erlaiiis Id the .L'ruwth 
and [iidiircss (if Trentun. lie was (me (if the cailiot nicmhersnf the lldaid (if 'I'rade, and has 
Iddkedwcll after the interests (if the city. F(i|- a nunilier (if veai's he has heen cni^aucd in (iiieiiint: 
up tracts (if land in the did lidi-dniih df ( 'hainlici-shuri; ( imw (ine df the nidsl i-a|iidl\--iird\\ ini;- |iai-ts 
of Trenton ), and in Hamilton tdw nslii|i adjdiniiiL:, and selling: them dIT in hits. cnahlinL;' the thdU- 

sands df Trenton's workinnnien to |ii-d\ide thcmseh-cs with cdmfdilalilc 1 es at luddcrate (ust. 

(Ieneral Uuslinii' has orjianiziMl and managed the Linden I'aik, Hamilton .\vennc. (Ireenwodd 
.\ venue and East State Street, and the lldard Street Land .\<--dciati(ins, and in this w a \- h.as |ilace(l 
U|i(in the market (i\'er tud thdusand ImildinL; hits, iiidst df which lia\-e liceii sold and manv of them 
iiniiroved. He also o|ienc(l to the fice use of our citizens llroad Sti-ect I'.irk. (ir S|irini; Lake Park, as 
it is sdinetimes called. This park, fur natni-al lic.iuty and charm df lake .ind w (khIs, is superior to 
('adwalader I'ark, the pride of dur city, and heiiiL: at the cxticme dthci' end df TrcnldU, it alTdi'ils an 
opportunity for an outiiiL; to thousands who could ne\ci' take advantaLic of ( 'adwal.ider I'ark. 
He lias heen an earnest ad\-oeate of (lUi- elceti-ic street i-aili'oads, and .an ai'dcnl friend of our 
public schools and Iliuh School, and .ilso of our Slate Noi-mal and .Mmlcl S( hools. He h.is spoken 
for goo(l roads, ii'ood streets, irood sewers and electric lii;hls. ami mav alwavs he counted on a> mi 
the si(U' of [iro^rcss and reform. Some men as they i; row old hecome c(in>er\ati\-es or "old fo:;ie>." 
hut (Ieneral Iluslinu-, though a(l\aneini;- in years, is always ahi-east of the times, if not ahead of 
thcni, and few of oui' citizens are moic active an(l enlcr|irisinLi. (leiicial Jtuslini; has alwa\-s 
hccn jironiinently idcntilied with the lienevolcnl ( nt( i|iri>es of Ticntdii. lie has L:i\-en lari;cl\- 
to the erection and support of (huiches in this city and el>ewhcre, and is widcK- known as a 

Christian gentleman. .Xo u | nimi m-u | cause, of w hate\ cr dcndmin.ilidii, fails to receive his 

sympathy and support, here or elsewhere, to thi' extent of his ahility. 



^\'II,I.r\M L. D.wroN was Imi-n in Ti-cnton. New .Jersey. .\]iril l.'ltli. IS-'I'.). lie w. is cd uc.it ed 
at the 'i'rcnton .Vc.idcniy .and Liradualed from the < '(ille;.;c of New Jersey, at I'rincetoii. in ISo.S. For 
two veai's he studied l.i\\ in this cit\' under the tutoiship of his 
father, Hon. William L. Haxlou, who was for nian\- \'ears a 
pronnnent law ver in this eitv, and who died while holdiiiL: the 
impoitaiit position of I'nited States Minister to I'aris durliiL; 
the Cixil wai-. in l-SCil he .aeconipaiiied his falliei- to i'aris, 
anil ser\c(l as .\ssistant Secrctai'y of the .\niericau l.cLiation 
there until IMi-'i. Uetuinini; to Trenton, he resunieil the study 
of law under ( x-( Ion cruoi' I'eler 1 ). Xrooni. ami was admitled 
as an attoiaicy the following; yc.ii'. and as counselor in hsCi'.i. 
In ISCC, (lov. .Marcus L. Ward chose .Mr. Dayl.m as his 
Private Sceretai'x' dui'ing hi^ tciiu (if dUlec. 'i'w ice he has 
served as eitv Solicitdr. i'^oi' three \-(ars hew.isa mcmlici' of 
Conunon Council, and cnjovcd the unusual (li-limiion of 
lieiui; I'resident of that hmly (luiiiiL; the whole time. He has 
had the high distinction of lieing i'nited Slates .Mini-ler to 
The Hague from 1N.S2 to ISS.'i. uiulcr the .Vrthm- administr.ilion. 
He is the counsel for the Trenton I>anking Company, and 
lias for several years Ikm.-u one of its Directors. He is als.i a 

Hireetorof the Trenton Sa\ing I'lmd Society. .Mi'. Dayton was one of the organizers of the new 
Mercer Hospital, and is President of its Pxiard of Directors. He has long heen an active mendier 
and Trustee of the First Presbyterian Church. 




\\ I l.l-l \M 1,. 1M\ IMN. 



1,S4 THE criY OF TUKNTON. 

(iiCMCHAi. Sami'KI. DiNcAN Oi.ii'iiAXT was liiirii in I'aycttc cuunty. I'ciinsylvania, Ati.irust 1st, 
1<S2(>. He was |ii-c|iarcil for i-nllcLrr at the I'liiinitiiwii Ai-ailciny and tlu' (inivc Acadcniy, at Stulicn- 
villc, Oliid. Ilr matrii-ulatt'd at .li'llVrson Collcfic, I'nmi wliicli institutiim he was graduatfil 
in tlicChwsiif ■ 1 I. After tiiis he tocik a law course in Harvard Tniversity. jiraduatinL' in lS4(i. Fmni 
1S47 to ISl'd lie |practieed law in I'niontown and I'ittsliui'Lili. and was interested in various raili'oad 
and uiaMufaeturinjf enteri)risi's. In the fall of 1^17. lie joined the Old I'nion \'oiunteers, in 
Jaiuiarv, ISIS, Avas oonmnssionecl their ('ai)tain. ami in isl'.l was made TJeutenant-Colonel. His 
actual war record was particularly noteworthy. In ISfil hc' entei'ed as Lieutenant-Colonel, com- 
inandiuL; the unit'ornieil militia of Fayette county, I'ennsylvania. In \Si\-2, he was so hadly injure(l 
in the lineof duty that lie was honorahly discharizi'd from the service on account of physical ilisahility, 
hut in .) nnc. 1 Si',:',, \\r was a.uaiii a Me to enter the service as Major of the 1' n it ed Slates N'eteraii licserve 
Corjis. In Autiust, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel, and in Octoher, Colonel. He was for some tin u' 
the President of the hoard for the examination of officers reconnnended for iironmiiiin. and also senior 
ollicer of a (ieneral Coui1-Marlial held in W'nsliintitoii. He served as Special Lis])ector of men in 
hosjpitals, and .Inlv 1st, ISCii;, was rni.ally honorahly discliarj;ed with the rank of IJriuadier-t ieiieral 
liv IJrevct. He received Ills lirevcl I'ank in -Inly, LS(),"), and was assij;neil to the eimiinand of the 
Second iJriiiade of the ( lai'i-ison of Washiuiiton, 1 tistrict of Colnnihia. He partieipateil in seventeen 
hattles and alVaii's, and always pta-formed his duty hraxely and counnendahlw In the s))rinif of 
LS(>7, (Icneral Oliphant moved to Princeton, \cw .lei'scy, whci-e he lived ami ]iraclieed law seven 
vears. .\ftei' 1S7II. however, he was nnich of the time in Trenton, as dnriui: that year he was 
apiiointcd Clerk of the I'liiteil Slate- Circuit Court hy the late Hon. William .MeKenna, a posi- 
tion which Ik' still holds. In 1^7 I. he moved his fannly to Trenton, and now occujiies his 
handsome home — West State street on the corner of Calhoun. ( Icneral ( lliphant was for om> year 
counsel to the iioard of Chosen {•''rceholders. Jle is .-i niemlni- of the L<iyal Lciiion and the Society 
of the Army of the Potomac and Sons of the Revolution. In .Maiih. is |7, he married Mnry C. Camp- 
l)cll, of rniontowii, I'enusy l\ ania, who died in ( )i'tolier, 1S7."), leaving; ten sons, nine of whom ar(! 
now in aeti\e life in Ticnton. John ('., civil euuineei-. n(iW cni;a};c'd in preliminary siu'vey of Ohio 
ri\ei and l'>i-ie canal ; Huiihes, of the Pellniark I'ottci'y Conijiany ; Richard ('.. President Trcnt<iii 
M.alii'ahle iron Company ami mendier Common Council: Henry 1).. Heputy Clerk Lniteil States 
Circuit Court : Nelson P., physician: .\lcxamler ('.. iiiadnatc Naval Academy, .\nnapolis, Mary- 
land; Samnel P., .Ir.. lawyer of the lirm of i,owtliorp iV Oliphant; liohert ,\'.. of the Pellmark 
Potterv Com]janv ; .lames \'., of the Pellmark Potter\' Com|ianv. and S\dm\' .M., of the Pellmai'k 
Pottery Company, (icneral <)lipliant was aiiain married, this time to I'.eulah .\. ()lipli:nit. a 
cidt\n'cd and accom]ilished wnnian of Medford, Xc'W .Jersey, and a mendier of the oldest (^naker 
families of liui'lintilon county, (lenei'al Oliphant is a typical military <iHicer. [n his yonni^ia' days, 
he was an elTecti\c puMie speaker, and took ureat interest in politics, heiuL; an active RepuMiean. 

P>i:xxi;r \'ax SveKi:i., LL.l)., was horn in P.ithlehem. JLmtcrdon c'ounty. New Jersey, April 
17tli, ]S;;(). His father was a successftd husiness man of that place, and his t;ran<lfather, Aaron 
Van Syckcl, was at oiu* time SherilT of the county and a memher nf the State Leirislaturi'. 
Judire \'an Syckcl was prepared for colleti'e at l']aslon, Pennsylvania, and was i^raduati'il fr^im 
Princeton at the early age of sixteen years. He immediately entered the law olliec of Lion, Alex- 
ander W'uvts, of {'"leminfrton. New Jersey, and made such i-apid progress in the study of law that 
on the very day that he was twcaity-one years of age he wa> adnntteil to the har as an attorncy-at- 
law. His commission as counselor came three years later. He hegan the ]ii-aetice of his chosen 
]irofession in Flennngton, New .lei'sev, and achieved such remarkahk' s\i<-cess thai in !'\'hruary, 
LS(i!), he was ap|iointed Jir^tice of the Supreme Court of New .lei-scy hy dovcrnoi' Randolph, Wv 
lias hcen continually re-a]i]iointeil at the cN[iiration of c.aeli term of seven years, and is now on the 
latter half of his fourth term, .\t [ireseut he is the thii'd oldest Justiie in the State in [loint of ser- 
vice. His district comj)rist'S Ocean and Union counties. In LS80 Princeton College conferri'd upon 
him the degree of LL, 1), Judge \'an Syckcl movetl to Trenton ujion his appointment as Justice 
of the Supreme C'ovirt, in isc,")^ and in the following year he huilt the large and handsome residence, 
No. P2-3 (irecnwood aventu', where he has since resided. Lie was married in LS57 to Mary F.liza- 
lieth, daughter of William H. Sloan, a prominent lawy(>r of Flcmington, New Jersey. They have 
three children, William S.. a lawyer of this city; Charles S., Secretary and Treasurer of the 
Trenton China Comjiany, and Bessie. 




(jKNKltAL ??AM( F;L D. OI.M'HaNT. 



TIJE CITY OK TUKNTON. 



IS." 



T>i:\vis Pahkki! was l>urn in South Trenton, ncnr liis present residence, on Novenilier Ilitli, 
IN.'ill. (inuluatinu- at an early at'e from tlie Tn^iilon .\eaileniy. lie inmieilialely eiitenil npoii the 
stmly of law with the late .Iml-e Sciiddir. .Mi'. l'ai-ker was adinitteil as an atloi-iiev-atda w in 1S(;1, 
and as a eoiniselur in IMJI. .\fter praetieinu his <'hosin profession alioiil lixc \cai-s. he 
was ealli'd to his present position with tlie Trenton Saxin-- l>'nnd Soeielv in .'-^eptcndMr. ISC,',). 
Ml-. I'aiki'r has ser\-ed his natixc city and eonnty in a L;re;it \arii'1\' of posilions. which of tlicin- 
selves s]ieak in the hiiihc^t terms of hi- fa it li rnlnc>s in ollicc. lie was ('omit\- Solii-ilor in ]XI\.', and 
]S(;4 ; City ."Solicitor in ISC,:;. ISCJnnd iMi-'i; nicnil nr of Conmion C, iniicij in ISCl.n,,! l'i-,~i,|cnl 
of I ha I hody in jM ',■_', and ^\,as a No a mem her from 1 S7 | I,, 1S77, ||,^ \\a> .a mem her of the Hoard of 

Scl I Trnslees in jSCil, and I'lcsideiil of the I'.o.ird from |S7 I to IS77. ||,. u-is level via- of Ta. \cs 

foi-tuo terms. eommeiieiiiL: in hscd, hianu the lirsl l!eeei\ cr of T.-iM-of ihe i-it\-. .\s Tru^tie of 
the Indn^tiial School for ( iii-ls lie lias served since ISSi), and is Secretai-\- and Treasin-er of the I'.o.-ird. 
.,Mr. I'arkcr was appointed niemher <ir the r.oard 
of State Hospitals in ]S'.)4, and was also the 
l)cmoeratic candidate for •'oiiLiress from thi- 
distri(-t in ISS-J. hut was defeated. lie sue- 
eeeded in pnllinu <lowii the hepiiMican majorilN' 
from three thousand to one thousand. In 
lS(i4, Mr, I'arkei- was made County Commis- 
sioner, and was inti-usted with pavinu o(T the 
N'ohmtcer llounty hoiids. Previous t<i his 
appointment as ( 'ommissioner he had drawn 
U)i the resolutions lookini: to the olTerintj of 
hounty. and had drafted the hill tocoiiliini the 
action, which lie succeeded in i;ettini; throtnih 
the State Le.uislature. Mr. I'arkei- is ,-in aeti\e 
{)<\i\ l-"ello\v, haviiiL;- heeii a mi-mhei- of that 
oriiaiiization since lsc,-_'. He has held the 
position of (Iraiid Scci-etai-\- of the State i-mi- 
tinnously since 1S71. lie was also (liand 
liepreselltalive to the So\e|-eiL;n (dand LoiIlic 
for three teinis of two years each, eommenc-iiit; 
in ISS-J. His local menihci->hip is with StPiilh 
Trenton J^odfic. Xo. .'!(;. He is a memher of 
Trenton Lodt;e, Xo. •'), !■'. .-iihI A. .M.. and has 
hci-ii ihroii-h all the ollices in that lod;:v. .Mr. 
I'arkc-r is an orator of more than local reputa- 
tion. He has frei|uently sjioken on the prinei- 

jiles of ( )dd PelloWship and hree .M.-|Soiir\-, 
and other matters, not only in this Slate hut in nearlv every State in the rnion. In early life he 
was an active fireman in the X'olimlcer Department, and President of the old Delaware I'"i re Com- 
pany for many years. He was also a niemlicr of the lirst I'.oard of fin- Commissioners of the 
city and ser\-ed ;is its I'resident, He is an ellicient mcmlier of the IJoard of Trade, and has 
l)('eii President for two terms. Alway> interested in the pi-om-css of the city, he has heeii a dilinent 
student of municipal L'ovcrnincnI. and has frecpiciitlv suhmitted his views to the memhers in eare- 
tlilly-pre]iared lectures. He served for one term in the lioai-d of Health, and had much to do 
with the ]ire))aration of the oriuiiia! code, which is, to-day. the foundation of its leiiislation. 
He has also heeii the Treasui-cr ,-iiid i:cncral ailviser of the Standard fire Insiirani-e Company 
of Trenton foi- many ycai's. a~ well as the Presidciil of the Trenton (ias l.i^lit Company. 
^Fr. Parker was married .\piil I llh. 1 sc,s. to I.ydi,-i .\. Miilford, of Trenton. 'Hiey have one 
dau;_dilei-. Mis. Harry V. .\uteii, and one son, \\'illiani .1. His lihrary, one of the larL'-esI of a 
jirivale charaeter in Xew Jersey, c(,iitaiiis ahout fourteen thousand volumes, and is rich in iiiati-rial 
relating' to his native State. He h.is written lately for the ])ress holli in this city and elsewhere. 
His '■ Local neniiniscences "' recenth- piihlisln-d in a local paper L'ive evidem-e of his literary taste 
as \vell as his assiduity in ^.'atherin^' together a larj;e act-umiilatiou of valualile local historical 
knowludye. 




r,l-;\VlS I'MtKKI!. 



ISO Till'. ( rry of tuenton. 

lIci.N. JdiiN T. IJiKii, niic of Uic Vice Clianci'lliir.-^ nf Xcw Jorscy, was Imin in I hintcnluii i-cmnty, 
Nrw -Icrsi'v. ill lS-_".t. lie spent his early years with his father at fai'inini.', ami in atteiiilinj; the 

(•(,1 on sclidiils in the neiiilihorhooil, until Xovemher, 1S-|.^. lie took eharu'e <if a ilay school in 

Monroe eounlv. Pennsylvania, durin-.' tlie following winter. In April. 1"<I'.I. he entered the academy 
at iIaek<'ltslowii. and liintinned there for eijrhteen months. In a short time thereafter he commeheeil 
the stu<lv of the law with .Vu.irustus (i. Itieliey. Ks(|uire, late of Trenton, who then n'sided at .\shury. 
\\'arren coiintv. .\t the e.\]iiration of live yi'ars he was admitted to the liar, havini:' s|icnt one of 
those vears in teachinji the jiiiMic school in tlie neijihliorhooil in which he was horn. lie receiveil 
his counselor's lii'eiisc in l^H-i. lie ]iracticed law in Tluntcrdoii county fiom 1>^")") to iss-j. lirst in 
r.loonishurv. then in Clinton, and later, in Flcmin-ton. the county scat. In I^Il'. he was made 
Prosecutor of the Pleas foi- Hunterdon county, a position which he held for live years. He was 
elected to ('ouj.'ress from the Third ( 'on.iii'e.ssional District, in lS(;,s. and re-elected in INTO. While 
in Couu-ress, he served upon the Committees of Pensions and Na\al .MTairs. lie several tiincs 
addressed the House oil the suhjects of tile Tariff uud Ivecolist nni ioi I. Ill pohtics, he liasnl\\:iys 
Prcii a Democrat and an earnest advocate of Revenue Heform. In \>^7>'<. he was appointed a 
iiirmher of the Constitutional Commission hy Coveruor Picdlc. On .\pril Sth, 1 SS-_'. Chnnccllor 
Kimvou appointed him \'ii-e Chancellor, and at the eX|iiration of his term of seven years he was 
re-a]ipoiiitcd liv Chancclli'r Mc( dll, ser\int; c(]iitinuously since his lirst appointment. I m inc. 1 lately 
after his appointmeiit. Ic took up his residence in Trc'iitoii. I'>y virtue of the law crcatiiiL;- the 
ollicc of X'ice Chancellor, he licais causes in eipiity. in the dilTcivnt dislriits throii-hoiit the Slate. 
u]ioii such causes lieiiiL: lirst referred to him hy the Chancellor. 

.loii.N P. St. MK'ro.N is one of the most jiroinineiit l.-iwycrs and politicians that this State has 
ever produced. He is a son of Coiiniiodove Stockton, of the rniteil States Xa\-y. The siihject of 
this sketch was horn in Princeton, New .lersey, AuiiUst I'd, IS'JIi. He was educated in his native. 

town, and .i;raduatcil fr the Colle.L'i' of New JoTsev in ixh"i. He immediately turned his attention 

1,, law and entered the ollii-e of .Tud,t;e 1!. S. Field, with whom he studied for several years. In 
IS 17. he was admilled to the har of \e\v .lersey as an atloriii'y-at-law . and three years later, as a 
counselor. Ciitil l^oT. he was diliiiciitly en,i;a.ued in the )iraclii-t of his cho>en |irofi'ssioii. and. at 
the same time, he hei;an to come into pi-oiniiicnce. as a politician. DiiiiiiL: the adiiiiiii>tralioii of 
President Huehaiian. he was selected to he ruited States Ministi-rto Uoiiie. and for four yc'ars he 
faithfullv and etlicieiitly dischaived the responsiMe duties of that important position. In lS(il. he 
returned to Treiiloii ami resumed the prai-tice of law. (o-iieral Stockton was elected 1 nited States 
Senator for the si.\-ycar term comnicuciiii; March 1th. IMl.'i. hut after scrvini;- only one year, he 
was unseated mi the urouiid of informality in the election. Iiaxiiii; hcen i-lectcd hy a plurality 
wantiu'/ one of the majority of the whole luuiiher. He was re-elected for the term hcL:iiinint; March 
1th, IMl'.l, and serveil the full term. His liheral classical and ]irofessional education and his loui;- 
experience as a mciiilic'r of the har of New -liTscy. toufcther with his ministerial e.xiierience at 
Home, and his jiarticipation in the jiolitical life at home, made him a \ery ahle ami useful ineinher 
of the I'liiteil States Senate. He soon came to he looked upon as one of the leaders of the Demo- 
cratic forces, and a \-erv worthy one he was. After leaviuu Congress he a^aiii took up the practice 
of law in this city. He was not indilfereiit to politics meautinie. hut served his party w henevt'r 
o]i|iortunity olfcred. He has hcen a delegate to several national Democratic conventions. Wdieii the 
commission to revise and simplify the ]iroceediiiL:s and practici' in the courts of law was instituted, 
he was a|ipointeil one of its nicmhers. and diil a large juirt of the work. ( )ii .\pril Sth. 1S77. he 
was a])]iointed .Vtlorney-tieneral of the State of New .lersey, and has hcen i-c-appointcil at tlic 
e.xiiiration of evi^ry tirm. l'"or several years (ieueral Stockton resided at his elegant home on West 
State street, which he purchased of Mr. liahhitt, and which is now occupied liy Mr. F. W. KoiOiling. 
(lelieral Stockton is at present making his home at the Trenton House. In ISj.'), he was married 
lo Sarah Marks, of .Ni'W Orleans, Louisiana. They have Ihr.c children living. Their eldest son, 
.loim P. Stockton, .Ir.. is connected with the Erie Railroad I onipany : their youngest son. Richard 
Stockton, was, at one time. I'liitcd States Consul to leillcnlaiii. afterward Charge d'.Mfaircs, 
Holland, and is now a incmlier of a New York impoiiing linn. Their only daiighlcr. .lulia, 
married Mr. liichard C. St. .lohn, of St. Catherines. Canada, a civil engineer, now a resident of 
Philadelphia. Mr. St. .lohn is now a naturalized citi/en. 




J1..N. .I.,]1N T. HlKl. 



'UK CITV OF TKKXTo.N. 



187 



William I\I. Lan.mm. was Iimih in KwIhl; (hw iislii|], Mci-ccr cuiinly, New .lii-scv, .laiiiiarv 1st, 
ISt'.l. Ills anrcstors \\rrc aiiiniii; tin- iarlii>t scttliis nT .\c\\ ,l(isr\-, tlic I'aiiiiK' lia\iiiLi rrsidcd 
within what is imw the liiiiit> of Mci-cia- ((lUiily siiiic lii'.is. |||. nhtaincil a lihi'val cihii-atii m at the 

l,aw iTnccN'iUf Hii;h Sri 1. \vhiiicc he W!is liiadnalci] in iMlCi, |'"iir six \rai-s suhsc(|Uiait to his 

liTaduatiDli lie tailLiht in thf di-tiii( ^chuuls of Mci-cia' (iiiinly, and IVdhi \S~-2 until 1><M)hc-wa.s 
eni;ai;i'd in the sanir lajiariiy at the 'I'rciitiJii 
Aca(h-ni\'. In tlic year lS7i'> In- was clcitiil a 
.lustier I'f tlie I'eaei' in lM\ilii; tnwn>hi|i, and, 
liaviiiL; 1111 previiius kimwledLie nf the law. stmlied 
(liligeiitly to tit himself fui- the diitiis nf that posi- 
tiiin. His study soon ireateil a decided leual 
taste and he (h'tennined to make the law liis ]iro- 
fession. Durint;- the last foui' yiais of liis stay at 
the Academy he devotcil liis entire li'isure time to 
l)re]iariiii;- for his life wdik. liclii-st studied law 
with the late < ieori;!' Allen Amleisipn, rini^hiiiL! his 
course with t Icneval lvlwai<l 1.. ( 'anijihi'll ; heiiiL; 
admitted to the liar as an att"riic\-at-la w in 
Xovemher, ISSO. Tliree ycai's later he was lieciisi-d 
as a eounselov. In 1SS4 he w a- made ( 'ity Solici- 
tor of 'rreiiton, ciiiitinnini: in that ca|iacity until 
l'SS7. when lie was a|i]»iintcd .IndLic of the City 
District Court. With uicat (ivilit In- |.rcside.l 
ovi-r that court until IS'.ll. when, with otln r 
District ('ourt .ludiics in New .leisi'\. he \\:is IcLiis- 
latcil out of ollice. The laws of NeW" .Icrscy. |)uli- 
lished in 1^S7 ill tin' " Sn|i|ilement to the Ih'vis- 
ion," were comjiilcd h\' .Indole L.anniiiL; and the 
Hon. (larret D. W. \'r....m. I'.y acts of the Legis- 
lature in IS'.ld and IS'.l.'i these t^cntleini-n were 
authoi'ized to eom|iile and |iulilish the entire 

statutory law of tin- Slate, .ludi^e 1. aiming: is a I )ire<toi- and cinm-cl f.ii'the .Mechanio Xaticiiial 
J'ank. ami from till- time of .luiluc ( 'aleli S. ( Irecn's ili'ath until .lanuaiw l.~t. 1 ^'.i I. was also counsel 
fur the Trenton IlankiiiL;' ( 'om|ian\'. I le was a niemlier of the ('institutional ('ommissioii nf l.s'.l4. 
In iss.') Jud^fe LanniiiL;' |iuMislied a limik. eiititleil ■■ lit l|i foi- Tow iiship ( Xlieers." wliii'h \aluahle 
work has had a second edition. it is acce|ited in New .lei'sev as authority on tiiwnshi|i matters. 
He was married Autrust od, IN^l, to .leiuiie lleineiiway, who for several years prior tii her inarriaLre 
Avas spi'cial teaelicr of "Methods" at the State Normal School. 




Wll I I VM .%L I.A.VM.SC 



Euw.VHD (iii.VNT CooR isdeseeiided from all old Ewinii' towiishi|i family. Ili> father. William 
(!. Cook was for a loutj time one of the most ))romiiient eiti/.eus of 'i'renton. lie was an active 
husiness man, eonneeteil with m.iny nf ihe llnancial institutions of the city, ami diil a ^reat deal to 
improve real estate here. Atone lime he owned more real estati' than any other man in the city. 
He improved East State street from ahout half-way hetweeii I>roa<l an<l Warren stri'cts to where tlie 
Hotel Windsor now stands, and huilt m.iiiy houses in vari<ius parts of the city. Mr. Ivlward (I. 
Cook was horn in Trenton, New .lersey. May l-lth, 1>>I"). He was eilueatcd at l.awreiicevilli' and 
Princeton, ^'raduatin.sr from tln' latter instituti'Hi with the Class of 'll.'). lie read law with the 
Hon. .lames Wihoii. of 'i'renton. and took a course in the Harvard i.aw School, at Cainhrid.ire, 
Massachusetts. In iNtJS, lie was adiiiitteil as an attorney, and in 1X71 as a e(umselor-at-law. Sinee 
tlien he iuis heen doiiifr a lieiieral oilice ])ractiee almost exclusively, appearinji hefore the courts hut 
seldom. He st'tties up estates, acts as trustee, iruardian, A'c'. He is a memlier of the i5oard of 
Maiiajrcrs and Directors of the Mercer Hospital, and also a Director of the Trenton Trust and Safe 
Deposit ('omi)any. Mr. Cook travels ipiite extensively in this and foreiu'u eountries. When in 
Trenton ho occupies rooms in the State Street House. His ollice is at No. 27 I'-ast State street, 
second floor front. 



iss 



TllK CITY i)F TltKNTOX. 



]\Ik1!cki{ 1>i:asi.kv, Cliicl' Jti.-ticc of the Su|irciiii' Court of .Nrw Jrrscv, was Imni in I'liilailrlpliia. 
IViHisvlvaiiia, in IS]'), while his latiicr, tiic Kcv. Frc(UTick Hcaslcy, was the hnnnnil i'l'oidciit of 
11r' Cnivcrsitv uf Pennsylvania. W'itli his fatlior's assistance lie ])rciiarcil hinisilf fur eutranc'c in 
the Junior Class of I'l-ineeton CoUejre. and after s|ienilint;(ine year in tliat institution h<' i-esunie(l 
liis stuiiies « itii his father and soon eonuneneed to read law in the oHiee of Samuel L. Southard and 
later with ex-Chancellor lienjanun Williamson, at Kli/.alieth. New Jersey. In l.s;'„S hi' was admitted 
to the liar as an attorm-v and as counselor in ISli'. Coniinj: from a liti'rary family, his falhia- hi-inir 
a L'ri'at s<-holar, he was verv fond of study and i-eseareh. and found in the study of law a ticM in 
which he fairlv re\-eled. I''or \eai-s he studied i-arefully I'".ni:lisli law |iractice. eom|iarinL: it with 
ours, thci-chv i-eccivinir the ])i-actieal as well as the Ihcoi-ctical side of a lawyer's echication. He 
earlv iiained distinction as a s|ici-ial pleader. This was due simply to his ihoi-otiLih knowleili;-e of 
the law as it applic'il to the case in court, and his well-traineil and disciplined niiinl. which enahled 
him to follow his art;umcnts to Ihi'ir h.-ical conclusions. lie had eoulidi-ucc in himself and always 
siioUe with assurance and -a dcu!r<M' of positivcucs^ which e.irrieil couxiclion \\'\\\\ it. lli' li.id a 
stronii, loud, elVcctive voice, and as he i-ose to speak hi' reei-i\ ed I he undi\ ided a I lent ion of juduc and 
jurv. While he was a youni: lawyci- in this city he sei-\ed .as ( 'ity Solicitor when ihal ollice paid oidy 

.^l-"i animal I V. He .also si'r\ ed in I lie city Com n Council and in lS-')<t was I'rcsidi'Ut of that liody. 

He reached suih a IiIliIi position in the har of .New .lersey thai in 1^C,| he wa> chosen 1 ly Coxcrnor 
I'arker to hecome Chief .luslice of the Supi-cmc Court of New .Ici-sey. a position which he ha> lilled 
w ith ma iked ahilitx' and liddity e\er since. Chief .1 list ice Ucasley is now the o|de-l mini her i if t lie 
har in New .leisey, and is holding the liii;hest position in liis ]irofcssion in tlii> city. .Ml liranchcs 
of science and reh;_;iiin have received his careful iii\i>tiL;atioii. and he is to-day undoiilitcdiy one of 
the hest-iiifoiiiied men to lie found in the State I lis advanciuii years li:i\ e in no percept il ile deirree 
dampened his ardor for stmly or oriiiinal research. He is fully alueasl of the times, imt only in 
matters pcrtainini: to his ]irofession hut in current cxciits and in llii' discoveries of science, iVe. He 
works now as easily as he did fmly or lifty years ai;o :ind with .is little fatiLiUe. ('Iiief .liistiee 
r.easle\- has twice heeii honored hy lia\iiii:' the deiiree of lloetor of haws eonferred upon him, hy 
rrineitoii Colle;:e in ISCil, and hy Uiitiicrs later. He has hecii twici' niarried. Iir>t to Mi,-> HiulM'i'. 
of this citv. and the second time to ,Mi» ila\en. dauLihter of ( 'has. C. IhiMu. for many years a 
proniincnt citi/eii of Trenton. Ileli.i>had four children, two >on> and tun daiiLihtcrs. His sons 
liiith took up the profession of the law and attained eminence in it, hoth rcai'hiiiL: judiiohips, 
.Mercer, .Ir., died .1 few years a,L:o. and at the time of hi- death was I'roscciilor of the I'lea- of .MelVer 
coimtv. Cliaunc\- II. i> now .1 udi:v of the I )i^tricl Court, and is one of the most ]jromiiieiit lawyi'rs 
in this cit\'. While his dauuhtcrs liasc not dexoted theinselves to the study of law they ha\-e 
inairicd men who ha\c hecome prominciil lawyers in thi- city and State. <)iie of his d.aiiuhters is 
now Mrs. .ludiic I'Mwaid T. Creeii, and thcothci-is Mrs. .1 iid-e William S. ( dimmiri'. Chief .fustico 
Ucasley was raised an l']piscopalian ; his father was for several years rector of Saint .Midiad's 
Protestant I'^piscopal ( 'hiirch of this city. He and his ,-on reside in a eomniodious residence. No. 
Mo I""ast Stale street. AlthoiiLiii he is now seventy-nine years old '■his eye is not dim, nor his 
natural force ahatcd." He seems as ymui^- as many men twenty or thirty years his junior, and 
hids fail' to continue to diseliarL;e the duties of ins hii;h and important position for many years yet. 
as all who have met him in social intercourse hope that he may. 



Sa.mi i:i, W.\l,Ki:n, Jl;., is a native of Trenton. ha\-inti' heeii horn here ( )ctolier 1st. ISlid. His 

education was received in the city puhlic scl Is, and he is a i;raduate of the Tnnton I lii^h .'School, 

Class of 'T'-l. He entered the Law olllee of ex-. indue Iluchanan. and wa> .idmitted to the har as 
attoriicv-at-law Novemher, ISS.",, .-ind as counselor .lime. ISSS, In l^'^l. he formed a p:irtncrsliip 
with Charles l'>. Case, and for two years the\- eonducted a licucral law and leal e-late husiness 
under the lirm name of Case iV Walkia'. In hS.SC, this partnership was dissolved, and since that 
time .Mr. Walker has heeii dcxotiuL; his time and attention to his law practici'. which lias hecu 
steadily inereasin.u'. Hi' was made a inemhcr of the Hoard of School Trustees in ISN'J. In |.S',)1, 
he la'came a meniher of the lioard of Health of the city for a tia-m of three years. In iN'.l'i, he 
was a]iiiointeil City Treasurer, a position of >;reat inii>ortance and rcspousihility. the duties of which 
for two years he dischariicd faithfully and satisfactorily. He has also heeii elected Collector for 
Mercer county for the tca-in of three years. He has frei|Uently heeii Chairman of the City Deino- 
cvatic E.KWutive ('oininittee, and is one of the Icadinir Hiaiioerats of the citv. 




.11 i-;i. Wai.kkh, Jk. 



Tin-: ('^^^• of TijivX'rox. 



ISO 



-IniiN l!|.:i,i>TAi; was liuni Sci.lnnlxr TJlli, l.S.')S,:it 'I'lviildii, New .Jctscv, when- lie lias virluallv 
livcil iviT siiici'. iIiiiii,l:1i soiiic Vi'ars a^^o he inuvnl \n tlic IkhoiiuIi uI' ChaiiilMi-liinv, tn liccninc 
tlic iMiniULih S<ili(itiir. Sodii aflci', Ikjwmvci-, lie liccaiiii' a I'csidciit of 'ricntun a,L;aiii li\ the aiiiirxa- 
tidll (if ('liaiiilMislmrL; to tlir i-ily nf Tiviildii |ii(i|iii-. In 1S77. I,,. t,,„h ii|i llic sludv uf law. 
n-istcriiiLi' with Levi T. Ilainniiii, and (•..ntiniU'd his studies until tin- Niivrnih<r 'rcrui nf l.ss-j. 
whrn he was admitted as an attuiiiry-atdaw. in ISS'.I. hr was clcrlrd i"\\v Suliiiinr, ami the 
same year was admitted a- (dunsrlnr-at-la w. lie lilhd this |iii-ili(in until is'.lL'. when. n\\ 
account nf Dcniiiiratif Ic.uislation, hr, with dtlins, was Ici^islatrd uut of i.Hirr, Inil tliinut:ii a 
ri'sturatitm of the law s tnidiT wliidi he lirst luld ollicc, licwa.- auain clirtcl to that |iosition. and 
has crc'ditahly disrliarucd the duties of that olliee ever sillee. In thevcai- ISM), .Ml-. Ivellstali \\a> 
married to .Mai-y I,. Fiamis. of Tivnton. New .Jersey, Two chiMreii were horn to them, hoth of 
whom dieil in infanev. 



(i.ViniKT DoKslOT M'Al.r, VlaioM, son of the late CoveHKir I'eler Ituinoiit N'loom and ^i-and-on 
of rnitcd States Sen.itoi- (iarivt I >. Wall, was l.orn in Tivnlou. Deeendier I7tli. |S|:;. .\fter a 
preparatory course at Ti-enton .\eadeniy, lie eiitei-ed ilut,i:crs ColleLic ^r^i'l'ial in- thia-efrom in the 
Class of '(I'J. .\fter studyiuL; la w w ith his lather, .Mr. \rooni \\a~ 
adniittcil to thi' har in thi- year IsCio. lie at once hcLian tln' 
]iracticc <if his profession ,at 'ri'eiiton, w Ik i-e he has siiici' residid. 
Mr. Vrooni was elect.'d City Solii-itoi- in ISCid. .and lu'ld thai 
ofliec until ISTII. ami aiiaiu from ISToto \S~t\. lie was appointed 
I'rosecutoi- of the I'leasof Meiver county in M.av, I S7(). Id succi-cd 
(General C. I\. Hall, dive.ased, which ollicc he resitinid in Deeini- 
hcr. ]M7d, on heiiiL; appointed llipoitia- of the Supreme ('dnrl. 
From ISSl to ISSrS, ^Ir. N'l'ooni was Mayoi- <if the cit\- of 'i'renton. 
aud on the (a'cation of the ilo.ard of i'liMii- Woik^ ,,f ij,,. .itv of 
Trenton, was appointed a memhci- and held the ollicc of i'i-esid(ail 
throughout the c.\istci\cc of that hod\-. In 1N77, in conjunclidn 
with the late .Idliii II. Stewart, he ]ircpai-ed fur puhlication the 
■■ l!evi^idn df the Statutes df New Jersey," under the dircclidii dt 
the coiinnissiducrs, \\hich pulilieation inclndi'il the statutes re\ised, 
as well as the entire body of the statute laws of the State. In I Sn7. 
in conjunction with tlic Hon. William .M. i.aniiiiii;. Mr. N'room 
issued the '' Supplement "" to the alMi\-e " l!c\ision," and in IS'.tl 

those gentlemen were authori/ed to prepai'c :i new llevision in t hree \ ohime-;. entitled '• The ( Icucral 
Statutes of .New Jersey." This will incluile the hody of the laws to .lanuarv' 1st. IMHi. 
Mr. X'rooni is X'iec President of the (ienci-al Society of the Sons of the iii'volutiou and one of 
thosfMuost instrumental in the organization of that hody in this State. iici-al>oa menihei- from 
Now Jer.st'V of the National Connnis.sioii to Promote L'niforniitv of Laws Ihi-ounhout the Fnilcd Slates. 




OMiitirr 1). W. Viiiiiivr. 



Hon. J.\mi:s Piciiax.w was horn at l!in,troes. New Jersey, June 17th, TS.",<). .\flcr jiassiin: 
through the common schools of lii.^ nati\'c town, and the acadini\' at Clinton. New .lersev, he pur- 
sued a course of law at the .\liianv i,aw School. in .\o\enihia-. lMi|, he was .admitted as an 
attorney-at-law in New Jersey, and settled in 'i'rcnion in i>ceeml>ei- of the same ycai'. hi .lunc, 
ISC)'.), he was made counselor-atdaw, ami in |S7'i was .ndniilted as coun-dor in the I'nited States 
.Supi'emc Coui't. .Iudt;c 1 huha ii.i n has held a numlier of puhlic posit ions. licj^imiiuL; w ith iJi-adinji 
Clerk of the .New Jcrscv l.cfiislat ure, in iMill. and ( losinj: with his term as Conuressman, from IS.S,") 
to \S'X',. While in Congress he was ev(a' on the side of the pi'ople, and guarded well llic interests 
of iiis con-tituiaits, ilew.asa fi-eipicut ^pi'.ak( r on important hills and motions, .ami no incndici' of 
Congress from this di-tiiet has e\( !■ ilischai'gi'd hi- duties more satisfactorily to the people th.an ilid 
Judge l?uc]ianan. He ua.- a nieiiiher of thi' Siliool i?oard of this city for two ycai's. J udge of the 
county of .Mercer for live ycai's. from 1^7 I to 1S7'.), and a men dua- of the Common Council in iss;) and 
l.SSj. Since coming to 'I'rcnton he has lieeii an active memher of ihcCcnlral ISaptisI Cliurch. Scpleui- 
her 2')tl), ixi).'!. Judge Huchanan was marrieil to .Mary Isaliel I'ullock, of i'demington, New Jersey, l)y 
w honi he had one son, .\itlim . 1 1 is w ih' died sonic years ago, and, on N'ovcmhcr S|h, i XS7, ln' wa.s 



'.to 



TIIK CITY OF 'lUKNION. 



iiiairii'd to Irene S. Kouiies, df \\':isliiii<;t"ii. I>. ('. .Imlue liueliauaii's life in Cnn^Tess was a busy one ; 
lie was alwavs al liis desk during' the sessions and knew exactly wliat was jrointi on. He serxed nn 
the InlliiwiuL' eonimittces : Forty-ninth ('<)n<rress. T-ahur ami Claims ; Fiftietii Conjiress, Lahnr and 
I'atents ; Fiftv-lirst ('(int;i'ess. Judiciary. Falxir, Patents, and was ('haiianan of thi' ('onnidllcc nn 
.Manuf.-u-tures ; I'lfty-sccond Ccuiuress, Judiciary. I'atents an<l l.ahcir. lie served on the l.ahoi- 
Coniniiltce the entire ei,i.dit years of his sci'vice in the House, and a ■rreat deal of the lahor le^dsla- 
tion enacted dui-iiit:- that time was a product in whole or in pail of his hrain. His knowh-d^ie and 
ex]>erience in law made him ]iromincnt in all investijiations made hy the House. He was a mem- 
her of the Curtin Committee to investi.L'ate the (lould railroad strike, in ISSo. and was also on the 
committee to invcstiizate the Standard Oil. Whiskey ami Su,i;ai- Trusts. .\moni: his most famous 
s] leeches were. ••The M(d\ inley liill and what it does," ■•TaritT." ■■Silver" and •■ Lalpor .\rliitration." 
and in favor of ••The I'liiiht-Hour Law." His s}ieech on the Mi Kinlcy liill wa- jirintcd and <-ireu- 
laled hy the hundi-cil thousand copies. Besides all this work in connection with his ci-ht ycai^s 
in Conj^ress. Judiie liuchanan ilid a t;rc'at ihsd of ont<ide woi-k foi' his constituents; over six 
thousand pension claims passed throUL:h his hand-, many of which he h.id to look u]i in the Pension 
Heparlment. Since the expiration of his term in ConL;i'i'ss. .Indue I'.ncji.in.in lias resinned his law 
pr.-iclice in this city, and lia- associated with himself .Mr. J(Jm Pcllstah. inulei- the linn name of 
i5uchanan i^- Uellstah. Their olliees are located at 144 Kast State .street. 



W'li.i.i AM ^'. .loiixsoN was horn near Rlawenhurg. Somerset county. New Jersey, .\pril 1 Ith. 
]"<{'<. He attended the | lul die schools at Hlawenliin-,t;- and at Somerville. Dnrin.LC 1S.")1 and IS-'c'lie 
nioveil with his father, cx -County Clerk Ilcnry I ). .lohnscjii. to Princeton, w hei-c he has siiu'c residecl. 

He prepareil for colleti'e at the school known as '•Fdire 
Hill." and in \S{\') t;i-adua1ed with Lire.it credit from 
the (ollciiC of New .leisiy. He hic.ated at 4"renton. 
where he eiitercil the 1.1 w ollico of 1 loll, .lohll p. Stock- 
ton, with whom he slmlied and attained a thoi'oiiiih 
knowledi;-e of law . He w;i- .■idmilleil to the har of I he 
i^tate of New .leisev ill . I line. |S(iS. and was made 
counselor three \ears later. In h^7o hi; was admitted 
as a ]iartnir in Mr. Stockton's ollicc, under the lirm 
name of Stockton iV .lolmsoii. With the .Vttorucy- 
(ieneral, ^Fr. Johnson has lieeii interc>ted in some of 
the most iiotalilc cause- e\ei' tried in Xi'W .lersey. In 
the Capitol he has the superintendeiiey of the collection 
of taxe- from miscellaneous corpomtions, assumiiii.' the 
jrrcatcr part of the respon-iliility of the same. He is :i 
Democrat in politics, and lakes L:reat inti'rcst in his 
party's welfare. 

(If.oK'iu-: W. M Al rina;soN was horn in Trenton. 
New .Icrscv', in \x'>i'K lie was educated at the 
puhlic schools and the Trenton .\cadeniy, and later 

read law with W Unuy I >. Holt. in |S7N he 

was admitted as an attoriicv-at-law and in 1>;>^1 as a counselor-at-law. .Mr. il.ieplicrsoii has made 
a success of law. and has had an opiiortunit v to ile\ote himself to some extent to other husiiiess 
interests. He was for a lomr lime Secretary of the Trenton Terra Cotta Company, and is now one 
of the i)irectors of the Trenton l'"ire Clav and Porcelain Coiii]iaiiy. which has succeeded the Trenton 
Terra Cott;i Comjiany. He is a stroiii; Hcpuhlican and takes a very active interest in the political 
life of the city. He heloni.'s to the ^'ouuji Mi'lTs Kepulilican Clnh and is a memher of the City 
Itepulilicaii Kxeeulive Conunittee. For several years he was a memher of the School Hoard, was 
Secretary of that hody two years and President one year. He has heeii a memher of Coinnion 
Council sinco l.SiK), and is now servin<; as Chairman of the Finance Committee. He is a Sti^ward 
in tile State Street M. E. Clnirch and for several years was Suiierintendent of the Sahhath-school 
eonneeted with that church. In l>>.S'J he mari-ied I'^nima I). IJIcu, of l>riilj;-eton, .New Ji-iviy. 'i'hey 
liavt! six children. 




WlII.IWI \'. .|oH.\Si»N. 



THK CITY OK TISKNTON. 



v.n 



Al.FKKli ItKKl). \"ii-c' ('liaiicrlliir nl' tlir State nl' Xrw .Irrscv, was licini in iMviuLT to\viisln|i. 
near Trelitnu, \cw Jersey, 1 »eeeiiilier -J-'ld, 1S.">'.I. His eciueatinii was tliui-(]U,Lrii ami of wide 
raiiirc, ami wa-: nbtaiiied at l,awi-eiiee\ille Classiial ami ( niiiiiiia'cial IliLrli Selmipl. New .lei-sev 
^fixlel Sehdol, Rutgers ('(]lle;j:e. and. la-tlv. at the Law Seh.iul at l'unt.dd<ee|isic , New \nvk. lie 
studie(l law with Hun. T^ewis l'ai-ke|-. wiirkin;^ hai'd and late \n ei|ni|i him l'"i- a sueeessfid eai-eer in 
the dnniain of the di<ei|iles (if JUaekstniie. He was aihiiitted In the New ^'urk har in l^ii-_'. and 
]iraetiei>d in New ^'nrk City fur some years. In ISCil. in .Iniie, he was made att^ iiiiiw and in 
.\u\einlica- (if the f( ill' iwilii;- year, ennn^eldr in Xew .lei'sey. lie was elected a niendi(r (if the 
t'oninuiu CiHiiieil of the city df Ti-entdn in l>^<'ii'i, and was made I'lcsident nf that lindy in l>^<i7. In 
18()fl, he received furthei' hdiKHsat the hands of 'ri-entdiiians. when he was eleete(l .Ma\'(ir. This 
office he held dUe year, declininL; an\- further nnminatidn. .Indi;:!' ltee(l was the lii'st l.aw.ludu'c 
ever appointed for ;\lei-eer cduntw and he .acted in that ea|iaeity li\'e years. .\pril Sth, 1.S7"), 
Governor Bcdle appointed him .Indue of the first distiaet. Supreme Cdurt oftlie State of New .lersev, 
coniprisino; the counties of .\tlantie, Cape May. Cumliei'land and Salem. He has never failed of 
re-appointment hy .any of the Covei-noi's that have sneeee(le(l lo the unlMa-natorial chair since 
(iovcrnor Bedle. ( )n -lune Ith. h^'.t.'i. he was .a|i|idinted \'iee Chaneelldr to succeed the lati' 
ex-(lovernor Gret'n. No fairer .Iu(1l:c sits on the lieneh than .Indue Reed, and he wins the respect 
of all with whom he is ln-ouuht in (•(mtaet. In .\nuu-t. \^7~. he mari-ie(| Rose ,\llia Souder. of 
Trenton, and has two ehildi-en — Judith Hepliurn and .\lfr(.'(l I'on. -1 ud.ge Ree(.l still lives on the 
propertv which has heen in the Reed familv siiiee 17110. 



Hu(;jl 11. Hamii.i. was lioiai at Lawi-eneevillc. Mei((i' cdunty, .\cw .lersey, in lS-"il. He is 
the son of Rev. Samuel .M. Hamill. 1». 1»., who was loi- so many ycai's the capaMc and popular 
President of tlie Lawreiieeville Cla.-sieal and Couiniercial lliuh School. Mr. Hamill ree(i\('d his 
jjreparation under his father's instruelioii ami entcre(l I'i'inccton 
College, uraduatinu tlna'cfroiii in 1^71. .\ftei- his eolleuc eoiu'se 
was finished, he commeueed the study of law with his cousin. 
Hon. Calel) S. (Ireen, of Trenton. In h^77 he was admitted to 
the liar as an attorney-at-l.aw . .ind in IS.SS ;is eonnselor. He 
devoted his attention to his law practice in this city until ahont 
1S!)(). when he hccanie I'rcsideut of thcTi'cufon Tiu>t and S.ife 
Dcjiosit Coni]ianv and the Real l'>t:ile Title ('om|i.iny. l-'oi' twd 
years past he has also heen l'i(si(|eiit of the New .ler-ey lluildinu 
Loan and Investment ('ompany. .\11 of tlie^c companies wciv 
or<;ani/.e(l veiy larucly thronuh .Mr. I LniiiU's ctforts. and he has 
heen their actintr head evei' since their inception. His time is 
now so fully occu] lied hy these (liities that he is aide todcxdtc 
himself very little to law. He is fully acipiaintcd with the 
Ijankint; Imsine.s.s, and is perfectly familiar with real estate \alnes 
in the city and State. Resides this, he is a man ot' the stiiclesl 
intcfrrity, and has the i-es]iect and conlidence o! all whose 
]ileasui-c it is to know him. In \s~>.\ .Mi-. Hamill maii-ied 

Klizahcth Drinker, daughter of the late Hon. Rarker Cunnneiv. of this city. They have three 
children livinu— Rarker. Hnuh and .M.itilda. Mi-. Hamill and his e>tim,-ilile wif(- are always 
interested in the success of any charitalile enter]irisc undertaken hy the i-itizens of Tn-ntou. He 
was one of the committee throuuii whose instrumentality the Rattle .Monument was sc(-ured for 
Trenton and dedi(-ati-(l with sik-Ii impi-essi\-e ceremonies. 

\\'ii.r.r\M S. CiMMKKi: was horn in Tr(-iiton. N(-w .R-rscy. .limc'JIth. l-S.VI. Hi,- early educa- 
tion was ohtaincd at the Trenton .\c.idemy, wliem-c Ik- went to the old i.a wrcucevillc Scliooi to 
prepare for college. ICntcrinu I'lanceton, he was faithful to his studies and (.'raduated with the Class 
of '70. He then entered the ollice of .\. C. Ri(-hey. Ks(iuire, to study law, con(inuiu(,' for one year, 
when he eiit(-red his father's oirn-e, and was admittc-d to the har in .lunc i>;7:'.. i-'roui liis ailnii.ssioii 
he i)raetice(l law in this (-ity until 1.S7."), when he removed to Newark and formed a copartnersjiip 
with Joel I'arker, who was then Attornev-( iencral of the State, remainiu',' with him until l-S.^O, at 




II I <.ii II. Hamii.i.. 



192 



TIIK CITY OK lltKN'I'OX. 



wliicli time Ml'. Parker was iiiMilc Justice (if tlic Sn|ireirie Ccnirt. He ecnitiiiueil liis [iraetiee alune 
until IXS-'!. when lie formed a |)artncrsin|> with Osear Keen, whn was I'riKc -utur of Essex county. 
Thcv continued toj^ether until ISSil, when .Mr. (iunnnere was a|i]Hiinted counsel for the I'eiinsyl- 
vauia Kailroad Company, for New .Jersey, to succeed his l)rother-in-la\v. Kdward T. (!rcen, who 
was a|i|iointed I'nited States i)istri<'t .ludjic. Our suhject \va> tlien eouqiilleci to return to Trenton, 
wlicre he has since reniaineil. .Mr. (innmiere assisted the .Vttorney-(ieneral in wimiiuLf for the State 
a siirnal vietorv hv coniiiellinir the Moi-ris and ICssex Railroad Comjiany to disuoi'iic oxer -S'iOO.DOO, 
whereliv the State was enriched to that an ion lit. 1 1 is career as a lawyer has heeii \\ underfiilly success- 
ful, owini.' to Ids tlioroUiih Unowledj.'e of the law and the careful manner in which hi> conducts his 
cases. On Fehruarv r.'tli, IS'.)."), (lovcrnor W'erts a|i]iointcd .Mr. ( liniimci-e to till the seat on the 
Su|prenie Coiu-t lu'lich made \acaiit li\ the death of .iudiii' .\lilictt. 'idle lionoi- tliu- Kcslou i^d on 
.Mr. (iunnnere is Well earneil and deserved, ami ricei\-ed favoi'ahle comment from tln' h.-ir in i;eneral. 
Mr. (iunnnere is a son of the late l)arl<cr (iimmiere and hi'other of the County Clerk of .Mercer 
countv. JJarkei- Cnmmcrc. .Ir. In lS7(i he was marricil to I-'amiy. daiiijhtci- of Chief .1 ustice IScasley. 

Woonia i;'!' IJol.r .VeoAi; was horn at .\iiiiaiiilale. Hunterdon county. May ISlli. IXiii. liiirini; 
the vcars of JsTTand ls7s ],,■ attended the State Xorinal School, at Trenton, and the next three 
years he was clerk in a stoic at Ucaville, New .Icrsey. .\ftci- rcadini;- law for one year with Hon. 

.lohn .\. \'ooiliees, of I'dcmiliiiton. New .lersey, h e 
came to Tii-ntoii as a law student, and in ISS] I'litercd 

the ollice of the lillll of Holt. .Macphersoll A' Ilolt. 

Wdiile >liiilyinL; he also taui;ht niLihl school, hcsides 
rcpicsentinn- dilVerent newspapers dtirilii;- the New 
.lei-i'v Iciiislative session. Tn the June Term of 1>!.'^4 
he was .admitted as an al(oriicy-at-la w. and immediately 
lict;an practice in Tieiiton. where he has since followetl 
his profession. In 1 ss."), I'rosciaitor Stockton ajipointcd 
.Mr. .\pi:ar .\ssist.ant l'rose( iitor of tlu'l'lea-of Mercer 
coimly. He held that position until May :i.")th. 1S'.)4, 

wlllll he \\a- IcLlislated ollt of ollii-e. The Heed of thc 

|)osilioii ua- admitted, and Mr, -\puar'> ahility in lill- 
iiiL; the ollice never (pU'stioncil, lie has Ihmh ciiLia.Lieil 
in the prosecaition of live niurden-r<. 

When Mr. Howell C. Stiill resii^ned fi-om tin- I'ark 
Conmii>>ion, Mayor Heehtel appointed Mr. .\|iL;ar to 
lill till' \acanc\-. The I'xiard imim-diately chose him as 
I'l'esident of that commissiiiii. in which ca|iacily he 
>erveil two \e.ii's, and is still a niemher of the conuuis- 
-ion. In Ortoher. \S'.)-2. he was the Democratic candi- 
date for St.atc Senator in .Mercer county, hut was defeated, as the county has a normal iiepnlilican 
majority. .\t that time he was only one year o\er the i'e,|\iire(l constitutional a.ue. On thc tenth 
of Septemlic-r. issj. Mr. Ap.irar wa> m.irried to IMtie li., daughter of Ashor Iliggins, E.sijuire, 
a well-to-do retired farmer, of Three l!ridL:es, New Jei'sey. 

l-j>w.\i;ii W. Kv.ws was Imu'ii in Trenton, Xcw .rerscy. Ocfoher '.'th, 1S;!7. He prc]iared for 
colle.ire at the Trenton .Vcadi'iny. and was i;raduated from Princeton Colh'^e in ISlIO. \\r then 
read law with the late -lames Wilsiiii. and hccamc an ,attorney-at-law in IMi-".. and counselor in 1S(i(;. 
A ininilier of years airo he was solicitor for the P.oard of l'"recholders for four years. Two 
y(.'ars he was a niemher of thc Common Council, and ilnrint;- that time served on the l'"inance 
Committee. In ISt;;;, he was married to Mary II. Cliecseiuan, of Xew Priui.-w ick. New .rerscy. 
His elder son, i'Mward \\'., .Ir.. was a student in Princeton Colle;:c, and his youn.iii'r son, 
Samuel, is pursuing his studies in thi' New .ici'sey State Model School. He resi<Ies at 1 , "J 
M'e.-^t State street, and oceujiies an olhce at 111 Kast State >treet. Mr. Evans <-omes from 
one of the oldest and most respected families in 'i'renton. and is himself held in the hiLihest 
esteem h.\- all who know him. His ]iaternal ancestors came ori.LMiially from Wales, ahout two 
hundred years aj,'o. There were three hruthers who enii.i;ratcd to this country, one of whom 




WiKipKi lo ]I">i,r .\i-(,\i:. 



TIIK CITY OF TRENTON. 



193 



srttli'il uoar (iciirva. New \'iirk. auutlicr iicai- Xdrristiiwii. r(iiiisyl\ania. and tlic third sdiiicwliore 
in till' Sdutli. Kvan Kvans, wIki settled in i'ennsyl vania. al'tiaw ard niuved t" 'i'l-eiitnn. and his son, 
the .a-randfather (it dur suliject, edndiatecl a stdiv dn the Whiltal<ia' |iid|iei1 y, d|J]ldsit^■ tiie ('ourt 
HdUse. Mr. E. W. Evans' father. Samuel Evans, was for many yeai-s dni' df the IcailinLT citizens 
df Trentdn. lie was .Tustiee of the I'eaee fur lifty-seven yi^ai's, and was .ludae df the Infi ridr ('dnrt 
df Cdiinndn I'leas of Huntcrcldn eounty hefdre ^ha-eei' enunty was fdi'nied. Jle was also (.'itv 
Treasurer tdr many years, and was Enarossin.u' Clerk forhdth irdiisesurthe Legislature for a lunLitinio. 
.\hdut thirteen years agd lu' died at the extreme ohl auc nf eiiihly-nini' years. Five generatidns of 
the Evans fainil\- ha\-e lieen nidst wurtliv citizens df Ti-entdu. 



D. Cooper Allt.nson was horn in I'lni'linutdn cdunty, near Uurlini^tdii city, Xe\v .lersey, on 
.\]iril L'Ttli, 1S2',). His fathei', David .Mlinson, a printer and hdnk |iuMisher at Burlin.nton, was 
the authiir df many valualile liodks. lie cditeil and |inhlished a numher df literarv ]ieri<idieals, 
anidiit; which was the " Unral N'isitdr," and Mas a m.ui df umisual mai'k in a liteiai'v line. 
He was tlie autlior of {\yn dietidnaries, diui 
a laru'e one and found in many lil)i'arics at 
this (hiy, and knuwn as ''Allinsdu's l'"n;^lish 
and Classical Dictionary.'' The (dassical and 
cin-onohiaical <h'}>artnients of this dictionary are. 
at tliis time, very vahiaMi'. lie also |iuhlisheil 
many valuahle law hooks, amona' which wi'ic 
Coxe's New Jer.scy Sujirenie Coin1 I!<'|iorts. [luh- 
li-hed in ISlC ( heinu' the llrst iiuMi»hcd i'e|idi-t 
of the New Jersey Supreme (\iurt ), the " rnitc(| 
States Law Regi.ster," "Allinson's S(a-i\-enei's' 
(iuide."" (.^-c. 1). Cddper .Mlinson's arandfathei- 
was Samuel Allinson, a lawyer, of Xew .lersey, 
who held numerous prominent Stale dlliees, 
fi-nni ITlil, and also cunipiled the .\ssenilily 
laws df the State from the suri'endei- df tlieed\-- 
ernment to Queen Anne, in ITiL', In ITTi'j, 
a valuahle i-umpilatidn ami knuwn .as ".Mlin- 
sdu's Edition.'' His firandsdii. the suhject 
df this sketch, lias now (IS'.I.")) jn his law 
lihrai'y, at TrentdU, the identical dlliee 
Cdpv df these laws which the eumpilii' h.ad 
in his lihrai'v at the time df lii~ decia,~e. 
which dccmi'ed in IT'.M. The suhject df 

this sketcli was ]ilaced in thi' (Quaker scl I 

in liurlinatdn. New Jersey, and was aftci'- 
warcl sent td W'illi.ston Sennnary, at Ivast 
Hamjiton, Massachusetts. lie next iddk :i 

course in Amenia Seminai-y. .\cw ^'ork, wln-ri'lie was prepareil fdi- ^'ale Cdlleae, hut his health 
lireakina down, Ik^ was dliliu'ed td t;i\-e up his studie- and tiavel td recuperate his health. 
Durini: the years he attended scliddl in lini'linaton he s|ient a part df the time in learning the 
drug and a]iotheeary business, and also in studying' medicine, the latter study he cdntinuint; to 
prosecute after gdini: td .Xi'w l-aialand. In the fall df 1S.")7, his hi'.illh heiuL: fully restored, 
lie entered the law ofiico of Cdl. l-;i;liert II. Crandin, at TrentdH, w hd was then l'rosec\itinir 
Attorney for Mercer county. Col. (irandin going to iMirope with his family, to remain 
several years, Mr. .MlinsdU lini-hed his law-reading with Ivhvard T. (Irecn, now .luilge of 
tlie I'nited Stales Courts at Trenton. Mr. .Mlinson was admitted to jiracticc law in 
Fehruary, !>>(;;!, and immeiliately cdnniienced the ]iraclice of his |irdi'cssion in Trentdn, 
where lie has coiitinueil in active practice to the ]ircsent lime. During the late Civil war, 
hoth his hrothcrs being in the front, lu' was ])artictilarly active in crushing out the covert sympathy 
of the rebellious eleme^nt in the rear, and becanse of his fearlessness in cxiiosing those who were 
z 




I). Conl'lMt Al.l.ISSoN, 



194 TIIK CITY OF TltKXTOX. 

'' stall! liiii.' our soldirrs in tlic liack," as lir jmt it. lie was rciicatciUy attarkcil liy this ilisluyal 
ck'Uiciit ill 'J'rciitnii, and in every instance tlie assailant was severt'ly imnisheil fur his disloyal 
tenieritv. IIi' did iinieh, in tliose exeitini;' times, to eiieouraiie the timid and kee]i the liad clement 
in awe, in 'rreiiton, when there existed very irrave syni|itoni,-- of trouMe. His hold aggressiveness, 
at that time. sIiowimI him to lie one who did luit know what fear was. During the war the I'nited 
States Sanitary Commission selected Mr. .\llinson as their attorney to prosecute their immense work 
in eollecliiig, for the soldiers and lluir families, the Tnited States |iensions, hack jiay, A"e,, <lue 
tlieni, all of which he did gratuitously, so loyal was he. In the ]>ractice of his profession he has 
alwavs lieeii an aggrissive man. ISeiiig of strong convictions, he knew no fear when he helieved he 
had right on his side. lie always held, when /■////// fear na man. when vraini fear crtrij man. 
At one time Trenton was overrun with unprincipled (juaek doctors, who, hy their startling adver- 
tisements puhlisheil in our leading iicwspajiers, jiroclaimed themselves to he ahlc to cure ahout 
everv known disease. 'J'hey suceccileil in rohhing many |ioor people, and often doing serious 
injiu'v to the heallli of their victims, Mr. .Mlinson's attention heing called to these pro- 
fessional swindlers, he i|uii'tly investigated the anteecdeiits of these inountehanks ami discov- 
erecl that some of them had iie\'cr graduated from an\' medical college and were using liogus 
metlieal diplomas. lie at oiicc. siiigle-handcil, comnieiicecl a raid upon them, and kept it up 
for vears, hringing civil and criminal suits ag,ainst them, linally ridding the cit\- of their 
nefarious iiusiiicss. In the practice of his profession, .Mr. Allinsoii developed mar\'c|ous 
ahilities as a di'tective in the crimiii:d liiaiich of his husiiii'ss. A notahle case, wliii-h occurrecl 
in IS'^d. is wortliv of notice here. .\ man, who had married a daughter of one of the leail- 
iiii; merchants of 'rrciitoii, commilled a large rohliery in that cit\'. and Mr. .\lliiisoii was 
emplovcd to unra\'el the iii\,~tery. lie woi'ked on the case hy .a uni(pic method, known onlv 
to himself, and soon had the roM.cr located in (anaila. where, under the gui>e of a single 
man, he had captivated and si'diiccd .a highly-cdiic.ati'd young heiress of tin' l'ro\inee of 
(Juehee. Mr. .Mlilisoii at on<c wciil to ( ',ni.id;i to colled thi' iiccessarx' c\idciicc upon wliicli to 
ohtain. in the Xcw .Icrscy ('ourt of ('haiicery. a divorce for the deserted and wronged wife, 
who was living in Trenlou. \\i' succeeded in gi'tting the proofs lu'cded and was ahout to leave 
Montreal for 'rreiiton when he called upon the High Constahle of the Province of <^ucl>ee. the 
head of the entire police force of Lower ( 'aiLid:!, who rcsidi'd in Montreal, and said to him (we 
now give ^Ir. .\.'s language) : '"Chief. 1 have got my c\idenee against this villain, whiih will 
eiiahle me to get his wife di\(irced. Aa-.. and am readv to start for home, and as \du ha\c heen 
trviiig to catch this fellow for over three weeks for the ah(luctioii of the heiress here, and I heing 
satisfied vour ollicers are not cipial to the task of appielii'inling the smart rascals we pi'oilucc in 'the 
States,' I pro|iose to show \iiu 1 can dri\i' him to 'rreiiton. or put him in your hands, inside of 
f(iii;i-('i;ilit lirmr^. if you will put under my control jin of the lust ileteitives you liavi' in Moiiii-c,-d, 
and, failing to do so, / will p;iy nil expciisi's, otherwise //"" to pay the same. To this the Chief 

readily assented and the detectives were s<ait <iut hy me th.at evening, ami hcfoi-e i n next da\- 

the fugitive from Trenton was rushing in hot haste for Ti-ciiton, where he was led to lielievc no 
evidence could he piodiiceil to fasten the rohhcrv on him. 1 at once startcil for Trenton, keeping 
advised hy telegraph of his ]irogress so aceuiatcly that 1 telegraphe(l at midnight, at White itixer 
Juni'tioii, Vermont, to Captain Charles !'. lirowii. Chief of i'oliei' at Trenton, that the fugitive wouhl 
reach Trenton next <lay ahout 1():.'>1) a. m., and he did so arrive. I reached home at '■'> v. M. same 
day, and was ehagriiieil to tind he was not caught in the trap which I had so carefully set for him. 
[n two days I was on his track again, tracing him to I'hiladclphia, to Ih'ooklyn, to Boston and 
missed him in this latter place hy just hn iiiimilix. In twenty-four hours I had him located in 
M<intreal, 1 heing still in lioston, 1 telegrajihed to the High Constahli! at .Montri'al, informing him 
that the fugitive was again in his city, giving him \]\r rn-i/ liatrJ In irliirli hr ir<is. and though this 
ollieial, with one of his detectives, went to said hotel fre(|Uciitly, for four days, yet they failed to 
identify him, so well was he disguised, and that ollieial ileclaring to me several times hy telegraph 
that I was nnstakeii, that the fellow 'was not in Montreal.' I then took a train for Montreal, and 
in less than one hour after my arrival in the latter <-ity I had this smartest iriminal I ever saw 
under lock and key, in charge of High Constahle JJissoniietti-. of Montreal." This wonderful ]ier- 
formance was the stihject of lengthly and minute accounts in the Canadian, New York, Trenton and 
other papers of tlie day. This one account of his detective work, which is well authenticated, fully 
warrants our statement ahove, that .Mr. .\llinson jiossesses marxeloiis detective ahilities. 



Till': CITY OF 'I'lM^XToX. 



1 '.).'. 



8yjlmi:s I>. IlrTilIl.NsiiN was Imni in I l.iiiiillnii t(i\\n<lii|i, wi-.w 'I'lcnlnii. Si'iilrmlx r lM, ISol. 
lif heliinus to tlu' lari;!' and iiillui'iilial I'aniily ul' 1 1 ntrliiiisi m,- w Ihkc wealth and iihiliv lia\c aidrd 
in (lcvel(i])ini;- llic niatdial ami intellectual iii-<i\\ lli ni' liurlinutun and Mi ivir r. ,unl ii>. lli> Lii'cat- 
urandt'atlicr, (Icoruc Andcisdii, w as a ('a]itain in tin- lic\(iliitiiinai\' war. and. latrr dii, in ITilS, 
IT'.l'.i, 1.^'") and in lM)(i. hrld the nlWrr iif \"\rr I'lvsidcnl iif tile Xcw .Icrscv Slate ('(inncil. Sviniiics 
r>. llutrldnsdn's fatliiT was ( iniiuc .\. liiltchinson. a wcallli) |.laiitati'in-(iw lur nf llannltnn. Tlu. 
elder lluteliins<in died in ISS.'). and when livinL:, was \-er\ |iiiindnenl in |aiMie alTairs i.l' that 
liieality. lieiun a nieinlief nf the Tow iishi]i ( 'onnnitlee and ( haii-nian of the lloaid ol' Ivlniation loi- 
several years. The tirst sc1iih>1 ereeted in ( 'hainliershtn-jiwas Imill l>v (hoiuc .\. Ihilehinson in 1S.')7, 
and is now known as tlie Franklin. oi- l';ie\enth Ward Sihool. The llutehinson laniilv have, not 
only in this, hut on collateial lines, uiven .New Jersey some of her alijest men. 

Syninies llutehinson was edueateil at the sel 1- of Hamilton tow nslii|i. w Ihmicc Ih' went to the 

State Normal Seliool, ii-radnatin;4- in ISdS. l'"roni that institution he was en;;a,^■ed in leaehinji seho<il 

until 1>^7'J. Ill' then entered I'rineeton ( 'olleKl/ 
and eonijileted his studies (■(/»( /i/di/e. in l^To. 
also reeeivinu' a medal For heinutlie hest lieiieral 
athlete of that institution. Soon after .ufadu.at- 
in.n' he entered the law olliee of Hon. Ivlwaid T. 
(ireen, of Ti'entoii. I'^n' oiie vear he tauuht in 
the Hi.^h Sihool of Ihadini;. I'ennsylvania. 
Fehvuary Term, l"^?'.). he was admitted as .an 
attoruev-at-law. Soon after his admission he 
was eleeted Solieitor for Hannltmi townshi|i. 
and in that ea]iaeity ser\ ed si.\ years. Hurini: 
the yi.'ars ISSd and 1SS7 he was in the New 
Jersey l,ei;islatm'e for the First distrirt of 
Mercer county. In tliat time lie made an 
excelk'Ht record for himself and Ids party. 
servin.ii; as chairman of several ini|iortaiit com- 
mittees, lie wa,s one of the managers of the 
famous Pafi'ick H. Laveity imiieachmiait trial, 
which lasted seven weeks. In ISS" he was 
;i|i|iointed County Solicitor and held that oliicc 
for ti\c ve.ars. Duriiii;' his tirst term he took 
ail acti\e intci-est in the huildint; of the Cliam- 
hers street hridfic over the Assanpink ci'eek and 
tlie tracks of the Pennsylvania liailroad Com- 
paiiv. the construction of which led to the 
rapid L'rowth and development of what is now 
the l.iiroiiuli of W'illinr. In lS'.)-_', he was 
dee|ily interested in the formation of that 

horoui.di, and when this ohjecl w'as attained he was elected as Solicitor, serviuj;- two years. .\t 
l)resent Mr. Hutchinson is ajrain County Solicitor. He is also President of the P> lard of Ivliication 
of Hamilton township, recently oi'iianizcd. and Treasurci- of the Homcilcll L.and .Vssociatiou. The 
land controlled liy this association, which fronts on Cliamhers street he\-ond l.iliert\- street, was for 
four ,i.'enerations in the possession of his family, and emhraced one hundred and tw cut v-live acres. 
It is now improved hy lifty Imu-es and sustains a po|inlal ion of twohmidred and lifly. Incou- 
Tiection with these duties he also conducts an e.xtensivc law practice. On June lllli, IMt-"., Mr. 
Hutchinson was united in marriaLre with I'^lizaheth Street, of Milford, Coimecticut. Mrs. Hutchin- 
Kon is a f.'randdaui;liter of Hr. Hull .Mien, who for the past lifty years has heen a nu'udier of th<' 
('(iimecticul State .Medical Society, and althoUL:h he is now in his ninety-se\-enth year is still 
engaged in the practice of medicine. 

Licwis I'loniilNK, Su., was hoiai .Septcnihei- loth. isP'). in .\lanalapan township, Monmouth 
county, .\'ew Jersey. He received a classical education at Princeton College, graduating in the Cla.s.s 
of '.'i'S. r[ion ilei-iding to make thi' practice uf law liis life work, lu; read law in the- olliee of 




.SV-MMI> B. JllTCHlNSOX. 



19G 



THE CITY OF ti;i:nt()X. 



•IuiIlci' JaiiH's S. (irccn, fatlicr nf cx-i liivt-rnnr (Irri'ii, ainl I'm' nnc year was alsn in the ullicr df 
Tniti'd Statics Sfiiatoi- (ianvt D. Wall. liilSH he was admitted to the l)ar as an attiiriiev-at-law, 
and in lS-14 as a (•ounsuloi'-aldaw. During (icivcrndr Price's administration he served as the 
(lovernor's Militarv Seeretary. In IS.').') lie was a|i|ininted (inartermaster-deiu'ral of the State of 
Xew Jersey, and for nearly forty years he ahly disehari;ed the duties of that ])osition. The iluties 
of tlie olliee are very greatly enhanced hy the fact that the (Juartermaster-deneral i> also Commis- 
sarv-(ieni'ral, Payinaster-( leneral and Chief of Ordnance, (leneral I'erriiie was a memher of the 
State 15nilding Connnittee which had in eliar,!.;e the erection of the jiresent State J louse. lie was 
one of the ineorjjorators of the Camden and Amhoy Kailroad Conijiany and also of the Trenton 
Horse Railroad Coni]ianv, of which he was President ncai'ly all the tinu' from its o|-t;anization until 
his death. He was a l)ii-ector of the I'nited New Jersey llailroad Company, and of more than a 
.seort' of other railroads owned and operated hy the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, (ieneral 
Perrine married Anna !•'.. daunlitei- of Henry Pratt, who was one of the foumlers of n(ir11]ern Phila- 
delphia and a former owner of Fairmount Park. havin<;- as his |-esidence what is known as Lemon 
Hill, (ieneral I'errine's children are Mrs. Mary .\. Pi'll, widow of Lii'utenant James I''. l!ell, of the 
First United States .\rtillery : C.-iplain llai-i-y P. Pen-ine, of the Sixth I'nited States Cavalry, who 
is a graduate of West Point, Class of '(i'.l, and now Assistant .\djutant-(<eneral of New Jersey, and 
Colonel Lewis Perrine, -ir., foi-mcily President of the Trenton Passenger liailway Company. After 
a ri'sidenci' of over half a century in this city. (Jeneral Pci-i-ine died at his home, corner of State 
and MontiTomery streets, Scptemlicr 'Jlth, ISS'.). 



Li;wis Pkukim:, Ji;., son of the lati' ( jnaitci'mastcr-Cencial Li'\vi> i'ci-i-ine, was hoi'n in this 
citv AuLiust P2th, L'^")!). After complctiuL;' a tliorouiih preparatory course in the Trenton A<'ademy 
and the New Jersev State Model School, he entercil Princeton Collcuc, fi-om which he was i;raduated 

in ISSO. Ill' commenced the study of law 
with Le\ i T. llaininni. I'>(|uirc. of thiscity. and 
on ,M:i\- Li-'ld of thi' following year was a|i- 
pointi-il Assistant tJuartcrniaslci--( leneral liy 
(H>\(i-noi- Ludlow, with rank of Colonel on the 
( lovei-nor's stall'. Colonel Perrine continued as 
assistant in the (^uartei-master-( lenci'al's ollice 
until lii,^ f.ithei'> death, in JSS'.t. He then 
ri'si'.:ned his position to (li'\ o|r hi> time exchl- 
siveU to his husiness interests. He was ail- 
mitted to ihc liar in ISS.",. He now jiractiees 
in this cily. llisacti\e husiness career eom- 
mcncc(| in ISSj, when he was cli'cti'il Si'ci-etary 
and TreasuiiT of the Trc'uton Jlorst' Railroad 
Companv. of which liis father was then Presi- 
dent. Colonel Pen-ine inanai^ccl the inti'rests 
of the companw and upon his father's death 
he succeeded him as President. In IS'.tl 
Colonel Perrine piu'eliascd the City Pailway 
Company, ancl united the two undci- the name 
of the Trenton PasseiiLrer Railway Company. 
I'nder Colonel Perrine's manaLii'mcut the 
lailway li'acks were exteniled until all parts of 
the city had excellent transjiortation facilities, 
llurses Were superseded hy elcctl'icity. He 
extended his lines to tlu' parks at the eastern 
lkwis pi-:imi.NK, ,7k. .|,,i1 w'estem eiids of the city, and also to hoth 

of the Icadint;- cemeteries. Cololu'l Perrine is 
a Director in a nunil)er of railroads, liaviniz; sueeeede<l his father in these positions. He is a 
prominent member of the social eluhs of tliis and other cities. Tie married Harriet Adelaide, 
dauj^'hter of Major WilJiani 1?. Slack, of the United States :Marine Corps, of Wa-hinnton. 





OKNKIIAI. LKWIS I'KUiaSIs SU. 



^IIK CITY OF TUF.XTOX. 



Ii)7 



Fhamis I>azi.i:v 1.i;i: was Imi'ii in l'liila(lil|ihia, -laiiuary ■U\. IM'i'.l. I Ic is a smi of llciijaniiii Fislcr 
Lee, rlerk of tlic New .Ici'si'N' Sii| ii rmc ( 'dUi't, and a ui anil son nf tlir late CciiiLil'c-ssnian 'rimnias l^cc. nf 
Port F'lizahcth. < 'unilirilauil (■( unity. 'I'ln'oULrli his i not Ik a-' s family, tin- 'I'ownscaids, of (.'aiic .May. .Mr. 
Lee is a (lesceiulant of proniimait colonial families of Sontli .lei'sey, amont: whom are tlie I,iiil!ains, 
Ogdens and ^lavs. .\fter atteiidint: a seminai-y in Ti'cnton. as w ell as the Law rcnecville Sehool. he was 
irraduated from the New Jert^t'V Stati' Moilel School in the Class of '.SS. He was class }ioet, and in 
Octtiher, ISS."), had estal dished " TheSii:nal,"" tlieollicial oi'Li.aii of the State Schools. I Ichad also heen 
prominent in the Thencanic Soi'iety, and was its I'residiait. lie entered the W'liarlon School of the 
University of Penn.sylvania in ISSS, ami in IS'.tt) received a c(a-tilicate of proliciency from that 
institntion ; after liavinn' imrsued a eonrse in Ani(>riean History, Political Iv-ononiy and Con- 
stitutional Law. Tn the I'niversity of Penusyl\-ania he was associate editor of thi' " Pcnnsylvanian." 
and on graduation was "Ivy" poet. Immediately aftei' lea\ini; colli'_;c he wiiil to I'an'ope. and 
then took up the study of law with Hon. C. I). 
W. Vrooni. of Trenton. Jn tin' fall and early 
winter of LS>)0-!)1, Mr. Lee took a special 
course in F'nglish literature at his Alma Mater, 
and was ailmitted to the har of Xi-w .Tta'si'y in 
June Term, LSI);',. Fi-om his admission to May. 
LSn4, he assisted the City Solicitor of Trenton 
in legal matters jicrtaining to tin- mnnicipal 
sewerage sy.stem. hi August. IS'.i:;, his lirst 
trial, was that of ^hittie C. Shaun, accused of 
mui'dering her sou .lohn. She was aci|nittcd. 
Since Decemlici', IX'.il'. he has liecii a uicm- 
her of the Board of Manaiici-s of the Nc\v 
.Jersev State Charities Aid, ami is :i mciidier 
of its Law Committee. lie is a( present, with 
Nelson L. Petty, Ivs.piii-e, a Scci-ctaiy to the 
Revisers of the (icma-al PuMic St.itntes of New 
Jersev. He has contrihuted l.arLicl)' to the 
jiress of New Jersey on snliject> relatiuL; to 
local histoi'ical mattia>. ]iailicul.irly <oncern- 
ing the history of Ca]ie M.iy connty ami 
the M-ashorc settlements of colonial times. 
Among his works have heen a ".Memorial" 
of (ieorge White W'onnau, Lniversily of Penn- 
sylvania, Law, ISSS, issued in \S'.H) ; "Supreme 
Court of New Jersey," " .Medico- Legal .hiuiaial," 
.March, LS!)2 ; series of ai'tieles on colonial laws, 
legislation and cu.stoms, "New Jersey Law 

Journal," LS'.tl to LS95 ; " Colonial Jersey Coina'/c, from an llisturical Standp<iint," "Proceedings"' 
Numismatic, itc.. Society, LSI):! ; "Agricultural improvement in Soutlna-n New .lerscy," a monograph 

upon the P>aron de Hirseh settlenuait. in W Ihine, Cape .May comity, IS'.i:',: " Jcrscyisms," a 

collection of State dialect speech. |S'.)4. He was also chainnaii of a committee of the Class of "'.10 
wliieh in LSUo jiuhlishcd the (luimpiemiial record of the class. He has also written an article ujioii 
receivers of insolvent corporations, ".\meric-an ('or]ioratioii Legal Manual."" IS'.l.'). .\moug Mr. 
Lee's later articles is the history of the (Ircat Seal of New .lerscy. in iMiiieii,. Ziehcr's ".\inericaii 
Heraldry." and a translation of the Constitution of P.clgium with an histori.-al preface. puMisheil 
hy the Constitutional Convention of the State of New York, a copy of which was accepted hy King 
Le,,pold I I., of I'.el-inm. He is also I'ditor of this " History of the City of Trenton."' During the 
winter of 1«).5 he was lecturer on the colonial history of New Jersey at the Model and Normal 
Schools, at Trenton. His law oflicesare in the new Meehaiiies National Pank Ihiilding, in Trenton. 
In .\pril, IS'.i."), he was apjiointed hy ( lovernor Werts as one of a committee' of live, to examine 
the ])enal laws of New Jersey and other Slates, and rei)ort to the l>egislatin-c the results of investi- 
gations. Mr. Leo devotes much of his time to the eoUeetion of hooks and ohjeets relating to the 




KUANCl^ IJa/,i.i-.\ Li-.k. 



li)S 



TIIK CITY OF TliKXTOX. 



liistorv of New Jcrsev. His (■(illcctiini nl' .lerscyaiia is i|uitc valiKiMc. lieinj: iiinst r(iin|ilclf in works 
rclVvrinjr to the soutluTii iHirtidii of the State. On tlir I'-!lli "f .lune, 1894, la- niairiid Sara Stretch 
Havre, of X'ineentcnvn. New Jersey, daughter of faplain (lidi^r S. Eayre of the Colorado Indepen- 
dent r>atterv. She a iHreet deseen(hint of Colonel Timothy Matlaik, tin' "Fighting Quaker" of 
the Revolution. 



( 1.\i;|im:i; II. C.\l-\' was liorn in I larliiiucn. S.niii'i-sil county. New Jersey, NoNcinKcr llTtli, IS.jS. 
His earh' school davs wci'c passed at the .Mid(llehn>li Institute and the Itutgers (irannnar School. 

In the latter institution hi' jireparcd himself for 
college and g|-ailuated froUi Rutgers in ISSl, 
having taken the cla>sieal cnurse. Owing to 
ill hi'allli induced liy lianl study, he entered 
ii|i<>n no iieeu|iation for three years. lie came 
|o Ticnton and studieil law \\itli .ludge lioliert 
S. W'oodrulT. In NoMinKei- Term, I SS.")^ In- 
\\a> admitteil to llie Kai- .as an attoruey-atdaw. 
< )n l'"eliru;ny Slli. |SS(i, he foinied a partncr- 
slii|i willi Charles I!. Case in a general law and 
real e^lale liusiness. l-""r two \-eai's tlieii' ollii'c 
wa< located at tlic Hotel Windsor. luU upon 
the complition of the Forst-ltichiy I'.uilding. 
Ilie\' Secured cnminunicatiiig ollici'S on the 
Second lloor. fiiiiiling on State sti'eel, and 
ha\'c ri'inaiiied there e\'er since. liy close 
and constant attention to e\cry detail. Case 
iV ('.lin lia\f succeeded in a notcU(il'tli\' degree. 
Mr. Cain has lieen Cnuucilman-at-l.arge and 
I'Loideiit of Connnon Coinicil for twn years, 
from IS'.IJ to IS'.it. A- I'rcsidcnt of this 
li(.i|\-, he has alwa\> ~liiiwii great interest 
in the citv's progress and wi'Ifare. Mr. Cain 
lia> also lic'cn I'rcsidcnt of tlic Tri-iitnu Cluh 
fu|- the pa-l live years. 

oabiin-k.h II. c'.Mx. Coi,om:i. .Iomn T. \'a\ Ci.i:i;i' has lie<>n a 

resident of this State ,-ince early chiMliood, 
.although liis original home was Coxsackic, New \<<vk, where In- was 1m, rn in ISl'.l. His 
father, Itev. I'au! 1 ). \'an Clcc'f. was at that time a miinsler in that jilacc, luit >hortly after- 
ward removed to Jersey City, where he lia> lieeii pa>tor of the Wayne Street Kcformed Church 
for aliout forty-live years. Colonel \'an Cleef was edm-alcd at Dr. llashrouek's Institute, 
Jersey City, where he prc|iarcil for college. \\ hen mdy twenty y<'ars old he graduated from 
Rutgers College, New Rrunswick, Xi'W Jersey, of which his father is one of the honored Tntstees. 
.\fter finishing his idassical eour-c he turned his attention to the law, and pursued his studies 
with some of the leading Karristers of Jersey City. He was admittcil to the l>ar in 1S73, 
.■mil soon afterward joined in fornnng the well-known law lirm of l-'leming, \'an Cleef A' Van 
Horn, who had for many years the largest corpuratioii practice in Jers(>y Cily. During his 
residence in Jersey City, Colonel \'an ('lecf hecame prominiMit in iJi-ofessional, social and 
jiolitieal life. His ahility as a lawyer was of the highlit order, his social (|Ualitics were 
highly developed and his imlitical record was entirely lionorahle. For over ten years he served 
as Secretary of the Jioard of Finance, and during 1S71 and ISTo, he represented Jersey City 
in the Hoard of Aldermen. When the State ]5oard of Assessors was appointed in ISS), Ciilonel 
Vail Cleef was at onee tendered the position of Secretary of that Roard, a |iosition which he 
accepted and tilled for a uumher of years. He is well known and greatly liked hy all of the State 
House ollieials and attaches. His friends may lie found in every jiart of the State, as his duties 
in one capacity or another bring him into contact with all of the prominent citizens of New Jersey. 




TIIK ( ITV OF TRENTON. 



190 



In ISSS, lif was a|i|i(mitr(l dii (luvcriKH- (ii-ci'ii's |iiTsiiiial stalT with tlir rank (if Ciilinirl. ami 
has siTVrd (111 tlic stalT of ( Idvcnmr Ahlirtt, and is ii()\\ dii (l(i\crn(ir Wcrts' stall', lie is always 
livdinincnt in the annual Sea (iift cncaniiiniciit, hcini;- Sccrctai-v of the New Jersey Hi He .\ss(ieiati(in 
and Secretary ('(Uninissary (in the staff iif Drg'anizatinii. ]'"(ir years lie has been in chartre cf the 
siieial jiart nf the eneain|inieiit life, and lias ehai'ined all \isil(irs li\- his |iliasant aiul airreeahle 
manners. Since Felnaiai-y, IS'.I.",. he has resided in Ti-eiitdii. his hdine heini: at No. 528 Kast 
State street. In ediineetidn witli hi^ duties as Seia-etaiy ol' tlie State IJdard df .\ssessiirs, ('oldiiel 
\'an Cleel' has fdruiiilated the sini|ile .and |irai-t ie.-il Manks U|>dii wliieli the railro.ads make their 
ta.x returns. Assisted hy Mr. .1. 1!. lielts, he li.is .alsd e()mijile(l the iiidsl thdrdiii^li lailniad niai) of 
tlie State ever imlilished. Cdldiiel \'aii Cleef w.is niani.d in ls7(i Id M.ir\- I'ainna. daiiiihter of 
Hon. A\'esley W. .Tdties, (if Kaliway. They lia\-e diie Sdii .aial diie daiiuJiter. W.dler .1. and Catalina. 
Tie is attdi-ney fur the Trenton llri wini;- ('dm]iany and tlie 1 1\ Lician h-e ( 'dni|).iii\-, .and is Secretary 
and attdi'iiey of the l'iaiiisy]\-.ani,i and New -lei'sey I'nw ( r ( '(inii>any and Itelaware Uiver Im])rd\-e- 
nielit ('dliiliany. He is IKiW in tlie n( five |ir:ietiee (if the law. 

^\'ll,l,Is 1'. I'lAiManiKii-: was hdiii in Law reneeville. .New .leixw, in the \iar 1 sii.",. .\ftei- 
receiyinii- a ;jd(id |ii-eliniinai-y eilucatidn at the .hihn ( '. (ireeii Sehndl. nf his native place, he 
attendecl the ( '(illeij;c df Xc\\ .le|-sey, at I'liliceldll. In 
1<S(S3 he came td TrentdU and eiiti red the dlUce df 1 1 UL;h 
II. Hamill. l'"<(|uiiv. td |iui-nc the study < if Law . I le cdii- 
tiuued his study until his adinissinu td the har as attur- 
tiey, in 1.S.S7. Three ye.ars later lie was a(lniitte(l as 
c()unselor-at-la\v. He served as Clerk df I'^wIiil: Idwii- 
shiji tliree successive years and was cnuiisel fiu- the >aiiic 
tdwiiship in ]X'.>'2 and lM)"i. .Ali-. Hainhridiic li.is a head \- 
achieved success in the practice (if his prdfessidu, li.avim: 
Imilt upi. a must satist'actdry jiraetice. He (ic(aipies a 
pl(.'asan't dllice in the l>inc(iln IIuildiiiL;. cdi iicr (if St.itc 
and IJroad streets. 

C.\RROLL RoBBIXS Was lidni near I'.lddnisluiry. 
Hunterdnn county, New Jersey, (in 1 )ecciiilici- ."id, 
18o.S. lie received Ills early ediicatidiial trainiiiL; at a 
jirivatc seliddl in his nativt.' tdwn, ((inducted li\' his 
father, Sylvester I'dhhiiis. He afterward cdiitinned 
under his father's ]irecept(irsliip fur t\vd (ir three year- 
at Easton, Penn.sylvania. In the fall df ]S77, he culcrcd 
I'rincctdU. L'raduatiuL; with liiLih hoiidrs with the Class df 
'>1 , df w hicli he was ma then Kit i( -a 1 fdlnw . and afterward 
took a post-trraduate cdurse of one year at Princeton in mat hematics 
Trenton and heuan readinu' law with .lames Uuchauan. Es(|uii-e, of I'S West State street, hut a year 
later left Ml', r.uchaiian's oHicc Id acce|it a po^itidii as m.atlicmatical instructor at i'rinceton. In 
1885, he entere(l the ( 'olimihia Law School, and aftei' rini>hini; his course there, he came to Trenton, 
where he was admitteil to the har, in Xoycmlna-. IS.^li. and in L'^x'-I was liccn>ed as counselor-atdaw. 
H(^ lias served two terms on the Lo.nd of llcallli of Trcntdii. .and .lune Itli, 1.'^!I5, he was a]i]iointed 
a iiiemli( 1- of the Commission of I'liMic 1 nsli iictiou, and he is now serviiiji on that honorahle IJoard. 
.Mr. K(Jihins wa.- married Oclohei- l:.lth, I8.S7, to IMna, i la uiihtcr of Thomas K. Thonijisoii, Esiiuire. 
of Urhana, Oliio. 




■\Vii-i.[.- r, H.vlNlillllKil.:. 



I.s.s;',, Mr, I'ohhius came to 



L|.;vi T.V'i'Loit IL\.N.\iM is a native of Ticntdii, haxini; liceii horn hei-e in L'^l'.l. His earlier 
education was recei\cd at the State Model Scl I. He afterward, however, entered Princeton Col- 
lege, and was a graduate fr that institute df rcudwn in the year 1870. I.eaving college, lie read 

law with the late A. (!. Uielicy. and was admitted td the har. He was made attorney in 187.H and 
ohtaineil recognition as cdunsclor in the year \x~i'>. .Mr. il.innum is one df the hest lawyers of the 
city of Trenton, is well known and respected hy all. He is a very modest and unassuming man, 
and .attends strictly to his |)rofessional duties. He has never seen lit to enter the realm of woillock. 
Ili> home is at 'ioJ East llanoyer street. 



200 



THE CTTY OF 'rrvKNTOX. 




Tlic law linn of Cudssi.KV A- >[(i.\ni()Mi':itY is (■(imposed nf \\'illiaiii J. Cnisslcy and .Idliii A. 

Mdiit.Lrciiicrv. William .J. Cnisslcy was Imru in Trmton, New Jersey. .latmary 7th. ISCiCi. lie 

linislied llic entii'e course ill tile city's inildie schools, graduating from the Trenton High School in 

ISS;?. Early ili,'Vol()i)ing a liking for the law, he entered 
the olliec of ex-Judge lUleluinan. In 18N!) he was ad- 
mitted to the liar as an attorney. At the instig.-ition of 
ex-Judge ]?uehanan. in 1S',)(), he was a|i|iointcd Super- 
intendent of the Uecorded 1 ndeliteduess Branch of the 
Census for the Second New Jersey Congressional Dis- 
trict. l'"or li\c successive terms he was appointed liy 
.liidge W'oodrulf to defend imiiecunious prisoners at the 
.Meircr County Court. This gave Mr. Crossley the 
oppollUliit V that lie lleeiled to make himself known 
llii'oughunt the lily and county as an aide criminal 
la\\\er. He has also earncij an envialile reputation as 
a political speaker. He has several times stumpcil his 
ciiuuU' and Congressional district in the interests of 
hi> pieceptoi' and the paity in general. lie has Keen a 
iiiiiiilici- of the City and County licpulilicaii lv\eciui\-e 
Committees, and has licen a delegate to important 
ciiiiveiitioiis of the past few yeai's. Several times he 
lia~ had llielioiiorof making the noiiiinatiiig speech. 
\\ II i.nM .1. cuossi.Kv. The Sixth Ward IlepuMican .\ssociatiiiii was I'oinied 

larLi'elv through his cfforls. and he was made its liiv-t 

{'resident.. Mr. Cmsslcv was elected police Justice .March 2.'!d. IS'.U. for the >horl term, and 

in .\pril re-elected lor the jicriod of three years. In ISMihcwas mairicd to Sallic S. .Vrmh. of 

East on. I 'a. 

• loliii .\. .Montgomery was honi in Trenton. New 

Jersey, in .July. l>;<l'i. He was pi-cpai'ed for college at 

a hoarding-school ;it Ti\ iili-on-tlic-ll udson. and w:is 

gi'aduated from I'linceton College in the Cla>~ ol ^<i. 

lie immcdiatcK' I'ctnrncd to Ti'eiiton and connnenced 

the study of law with .lames Ihichaiian. In IS'.II) he 

was adniillcil as an attorne\-al-law . and as counselor 

ill \SU\. 

It was while studying bn\ in .lames lluchanan's 

ollice th;it he liecame ac(piainteil with Mr. Crossley, 

and in is'.i:! Ihese two young men formed the |iartnei'- 

ship linn of Crossley i^- Montgomery. Their ollice is 

al No. ;'>1 South iJroad street, corner of Front sti'cet. 
Mr. Montgoincrv is a |)emocral in politics, and 

has .--excral times served on the City I )el a'atic 

Ivxi'cutive Commitlce. Judge Woiidrulf a]ipointed 

him to defend impecunious |irisonci's at the Mci-ecr 

Coimlv Cmu't for three succe~sive terms. liy Chan- 
cellor McCill he was appointed recci\ci- of the Uar- 

negat Park Land Association. .Mr. .Montgomery is a 

niemher of the Nassau Cluh, of Princeton, and the Sons of the Itcvolution. He was manied 

in PSitl to Helen Houdinot, daughter of .Vdiutant-Ccneral William S, Str\d<er. 




.T..HN .\. .M(i\ I 



P>.\l!ToN I!, ill rcHiNsoN was horn at .Mleiilown, .Monmouth coiiiily. New .Icr^cy. .luiie Idth, 
1S(;(). Quite early in life .Mr. Hutchinson dc\-elo]ied a fondness for the law. and when he was 
ahout seventeen years (jf age he came to Trenton to study law with Holt A- Urotlier. He was with 
tlieni for a uuniher of V(^ars and received a verv thorouudi drill in his profession. In .Iniie, l.SSl, 



TIIK CITY OF TRENTON. 



201 



lie was :\iliiiitt('(l tn tlic liar ns an atlni'iicy-at-law, anil as (■(nniscldr in is>i|. His rcputatiim as a 
skillful and surrcssfnl lawvri- is vrry tliui'dnulily rstalilisiicd. l''(ir scvci-al years lie lias been a 
]irciniinent nienilier o( the JJoard nl' Traile, was Vice President of tiiat Imdy in 1888 and 18SH, and 
I'l-esiilent during 1890-91. For two years he was Secretary u\' the l!(]iulilican Executive Coni- 
niittee of the city of Trentim. In ISDl, he was elected to tlie Assenilily from tlu' First district and 
was re-elected in 1892. serviiiLf in the leiiislative sessions of IS'.ii' ami IS'.t.'!. Mr. Hutchinson is an 
ai-drnt lu'iiuliliean and serveil his party well. He was the l!e|iuMicaii leader un the Ihior of the 
House in 1893, and fought most vigorously against the jiassage of the Race-track hills. He also 
did excellent service on the Connuittee <in tlie .ludiciary. Tn ISS.'i, he married Sarali 'S\. Hulnu', of 
Ocean county, New Jersey. Three <lii]dren have Ix^en horn to tlwui — Cliarles Perev, Lawrence 
"Willis and Anna Hulnie. 

Mr. Hutchinson is still a young man. and fi'oni the success that he has achieved in his pro- 
l'cssi(jn and in the political affairs of tln' cit}' and county, lie Kids fair to |-eaeh a liigh place, for he 
has won the respt'ct ami coiiliihnee of liis constituents hy his integi-ity and fair dealing. 



Hi:i;\'EV C. Scuddek is a native of Trenton and was Imrn in jsiis. He is a son of the late 
Priel T. Seudder, a nii'mher of the lirni of Titus tV' Seuddia-. who. fdi- iiiaii\- yeai's. earrii'd on the 
dry goods husiness in Trenton. Since \x~'). lie has re- 
sided in Ewing township, on tin' homestead farm of his 
gi'andfather, the late.Jose]jh 1!. Anderson. Heae(|uired 
his education in the jiuhlic sehonls of l^wiiiL: and 
Ti-eiitiiii. He was graduati'd fiMui the Treiitini IW'Ai 
School in ISSSj and at the commencement exercises of 
that year delivered the Latin S.alutntiiry. 

Hervey C. Scmlder is a Hepnlilii.au. .\s a resident 
of Ewing township, he docs not identify himself with 
the ])olities of this city, Imt at his home he is one of tlu' 
aeti\'i' yoiuii; men of the jiaily. \\ presiait, he is a 
mi'inher of Ewing Township lioai'd of Ivliieation, and 
is serving as Clerk of the Board. He studied law with 
cx-.hidge William M. Lanning, with whom he is imw 
associated in practice, and was admitti'il to the l>ar in 
1S92. 

LiXTo.v Sattertuwait was hm-n near Columhus, 
Piiirlington county, New Jersey, Januai-y I'.ltli. 1S.')7. 
Whin ten years of age his father mo\ed to a farm 
ill Lawrence township, .Mercer county. New .lersev, 

and while living there Linton came (o Trenton everv da\- and adended the State Model 
School. From there he went to the Trenton .\eailemv, and, aftei- spending several years in that 
institution, he took a thoroniih eoinse at Ihe Trenton linsiness College. Concluding that he would 
extend his education to a colL.'ge covu'se, he spent two vears at Shortlidge's .Vcademy, at Media, 
Pennsylvania, where he prejiarcd for ^'ale College, which institution he entered in the fall of 1S79, 
graduating therefrom with the Cla-s of "s:!. .Vftcr graduating, he retnnied to the academy at 
Media, where he taught one year. In Lss."), he took up the study of law. rcLristcring as a student 
in the law office of ex-Judge Ihuhanan. In connection with his law studies he worked one year on 
the local staff of the Philadelphia " lieeonl," whieh position he resigned when, in the l^'hruary 
Term, 1887. he was admitted as an attonicy-at-la w. In his short career as a counselor, he has 
(ignred in many cases of importance. 

Mr. Satterthwait was married on .lime -JOth. is'.l.".. to Miss I'lorenee W. Ilihhs. an e>limalili> 
young lady of (Termanto\\ n, l'eimsyl\:iiii.i. ( )ne child — a d.anghtcr — has hlesscd the hapjiy union. 
He has contrihntcd many valiiaMe articles to our .\merican lih'ratnre, most of which were of a 
politie.il naluie. eontrihulim; ehielly lo till' ••.\meriian .lournal of I'olilies." the " ^'alc Itcvicw" 
and the --State liazette." 
A-^= 




Ul:it\ lA C. SerhhKK. 



202 



THE CITY OF TItENTOX. 



('iiAiii.i-;?; Edwaiui Rdiiicirrs was Ikh'ii in I-jiuland in tlic year 1S(;1. His early ciliu-atinn was 
jirocurcil at tlir ])uiiiir scliixils in liis native c-ountry. After leavin^r scIkioI he was ticket accent on 

(ine of tlie leadinir railroads of Entfjand. lie came 
to America in 1SS4 and immediately locate(l in 
Trenton, where he has ever since resided. Ho he- 
\ came an ellicient stenoL'rapher and was engaged to 

teach tlie evenini.' class at the 'I'rt'nton High School, 
in which capacity he still serves. He entered as a 
law student in the ollice of Hon. (leorge M. Itohe- 
son, and lini>licd his course at the llai-vai'd Law 
School. In l.S'.t;; he was admitted to the liar of New 
.lersey as an attoi-ney-at-law. His ollice is located at 
till' southwest conii'i' of State and IJi'oad street.*. 

Edwin l!or.i;i;'i' W.\i,ki;i; was horn in Rochester, 
New ^■ork. Scplcinhcr l:;tli. iMil'. I 'i...!! the death 
of his father. Dr. Walter Walker, of that |ilace, in 
1S().S. hi' was lii-oMiilit to 'I'l-eiiton and lia< li\-cd here 
e\'er since. 'i'renton and vicinity lia\e lieeii the 
hoiuc of his iiiatcrnal ancestors since ICiT"^. he hi'ing 
a lineal ilesc-endant of the | n'l miiiient .and wcalthv 
ituaker, >hdi]iiii Stacy, who cniue finm l']nt:land in 
the shi|i ■■Shield" ill that year, and, togi'thcr with 
the other colonists, formed the settlement which is 
now the city of riiirliii'.;toii. New .lersey, and who 
afterward hccanii' tln' founder of the citv of Trenton. 
Tn 1'>7>^ Mr. W.'ilkcr hecami' a clerk in the ollice of 
the Court of ('liaiicer\' and remained there until h^'^li. wlii'ii he resinueil to commence the |iractice 
of law, having >ludied for the profession under lion, (larrct I ). W. \'rooni. .Mi-, W'.ilkcr was 
admitted to the har at the .lime Term of the Supreme ( 'oiirt, l'S>^ii. as an attorney, and at the 
corres]ionding tenii three years latir he was made a counselor. [•'mm the lirst hi' has lieeii in 
active practice, and was counsel I'm' tin- Hoard of Chosen Frccholdci's of the county of Mercer in 
lS'.)l-'.l-i, and was City Counsel of tie- city of Tri'iiton in IS'.lL'-lt.",. Mr. Walker is a memher of 
the l)cmocratic League, of which he was one of the organizers ami at one time ['resident. He is a 
iiK'Uiher of the lierkeley ('lull, of which he was one <if the organizers, and is also a mcmliei^ of 
the New Jersev Societv Sons of the Ri'\dhltion. 




Cll-\ui.t->^ F,r)\VAHii U(iliKUT.*i. 



Hon. Uoi',i;i{'r Si'K.\(i:i; WooiiKri-j. is a iia(i\-e of Newark, \ew .lersey. When ahout nine 
years of age he removed with his jiarciits to Trenton, and this city has heeii his home ever since. 

.hidge WoodrulT was graduated from hoth the .Model and the State Normal Scl Is, and shortly 

after graduating from the last-named institution he was called to New Hrunswiek as the Principal 
of Rutgers College (Iranmiar School, and while thus engaged pursued his classical studies umler 
Hr. Campliell, President of I'utgers College, and I'rof. iieilly. Professor in Latin, and after jiassing 
examination the degree of A. 15. was conferred upon him, and latei' the degree of A,.M. He 
reniainei] at New Rrunswiek as student and teacher for li\e years. lie connneiiced the study of 
law with Ihm. <!. 1>. .\drain, of New Rrunswick, and later llnisheil in the ollice of Hon. Lewis 
Parker, of Trenton, New .Jersey, He was admitted to the har as an attorney-at-law in 1S()S, and 
as counselor in lN7(i. Judge M'ooilruff soon rose to prominence in his proft'ssion, and has filled 
many positions of honor in this city and countv. lie also takes a very active ]iart in the ]iolitical 
life of tlie city. 

Sonu! of tlie more im|iortant piihlic positions which he has lilled are as follows, viz. : Memher 
of Coiiinion Council ami Chairman of the i'inanee Committee; Receiver of Ta.xes from 1S71 to 
1^7-") ; Memher of the New .lersey State Legislature in 1<S7.J, serving on the Judiciary Committee 
with tlie present Chancellor Mc( Jill ( during this session the last Constitutional .\niendments were 
Ijvougiit uji anil linally adopted ) : Meiiiher of the i-^chool Hoard of the city for ahout twelve years, 



TlIK CirV OF TliKXTOX. 203 

and President <if tlial liody during 1S78 and ISTU ; Judge of the District ruurt riMiii 1S77 to ISSS ; 
Trustee of the New .lei'sey State School for Deaf-Mutes for live yi'iu-s. lie is :il present President 
of tlie Poard of Schiml ('nniiins^iinici-s, ami since 1 S',»() has Kcin Law .lud;:e df .Mcr<-cr count v. His 
term as Judge of the Court of Conininn Pleas will expire in I'.IDI). Jlis law olliees are on the 
first floor of No. 1M7 East State street, and hi> lii>nic is at Xo. liliS East Hanover street. Judge 
W'oddruit' is very well known and universally i-es|ieclcd. He is |ii'cihiinent not cmlv in his 
profession, but in everything thid hioks to the growth and pi-ogress of theiity. He has alwavs 
heen interested in the welfare of 'rrenton, especially in the puhlic schools. He has wm-ked earlv 
and late for the nioic [lerfect develii|inient of the |iulilic school sxsteni in thicitvand has accdui- 
plished a great deal in that direction. Trenton has no nioic |iul>lic-s|)iiiicd citi/i'U nor none <]f 
whom she is more justly jirouil than Judge Robert .S. \\'(jodrulT. 

The following is a comjilele list of the incnihers of tln' liar of ihc State of XcW .lcrse\' who were 
resident in the city of Trenton at the close of June Term of the Sn|ircine ('ouit, IS".)-') — in all. one 
hundred and six : 

Aitkin, James S., ..... Aihnitted Novemher Tci-m. 1S.")7. 

x\llinson, 1). C'oo])er, .... 

Anderson, I.croy H.. . . . . " 

Apgar, W. Hoh, 

Applegate, Harry Le Hoy, ... " 

P.ackes. J,.hn H.', .... 

Kaekes, .1. William 

Baekes, I'etcr " 

Bainhri.lge, Willis ]' 

Barton, Horatio N 

Beashy, Channcy H., .... 

Beasley, Mercer, ..... " 

Biddle, flareneeS., 

Bird, John T., 

Buchanan, James, . . . . . " 

Buchanan, James, .... " 

Cahill, James J., . . . . . " 

Cain, (iardner H., . . . . " 

Clark, James F., . . . . . " 

Coleman, Kutherford, .... " 

Conard, .lolni LctTcits " 

Cook, Edwai-d Crant " 

Coward, Ja...l. M 

Crev.'Iin,-, Wesley, .... 

Crosshy, William J., . . . . " 

CnnK'h, John M., . . . . " 

Dawes, Aai'on \., . . . . . " 

Dayton, William 1,., .... " 

Dickinson, S. Miavdith " 

Dippolt, .lames L. I not [iracticing ), . " 

Evans, Kdwaid \\ . . Sr., .... 

F'isehcr, .loM'pli, ..... 

Foi'i-e, .lames .M., ..... 

Cnichtel, Frederick W., ... 

Crant, Israel P., " 

Green, Charles K., . . . . " 

(ireen, Edward '1'., . 

Green, Elmer E., . . . . . " 

Green, Ilemy W., ..... 

Gro.svenor, (jeorgc S., .... 



l''clii'uai-y 


' 1 .s(;;j. 


Fi-hruai'v 


l.St)."). 


June 


• ls,S4. 


l'\liiaiai'y 


]S!).-). 


Novend>er 


I. SSI. 


.lune ' 


isii;;. 


I'eliruary 


1 SS(i. 


.lune ' 


' 1 SS7. 


l'"ilirnai-y ' 


is7i;. 


.lune 


jss;;. 


Se|)temlier ' 


1 .s;',s. 


Novemher 


' ISUl. 


Xovcmhel- 


■ is,v>. 


Xovendter 


' 1S(;4. 


.June 


• iss;i 


F"ehrnai-y ' 


' ISiM. 


Novcmhci- 


• iss.-). 


Filiruary 


• 1 s<).-). 


.hull' 


• 1 S7S. 


I'^elii-uary 


ISi).'). 


.lune ■ 


ISfiS. 


Jnn,' " 1,S!)0. 


Xo\-emlier 


1S().'). 


.lune 


1 SS'.). 


N'ovcndii'r 


is<)0. 


N<ivi'mhcr 


ISSS. 


.lune ' 


is()(;. 


.huM- " is(j;i 


X'ovemhcr 


is-iu. 


.lune 


is(i;5. 


Fehruai-y 


isso. 


I'"ehruary 


isso. 


.huie 


is; 18. 


l''ehruary 


isi)2. 


•lune 


1S(18. 


X'ovcndier 


• 1S,-)S. 


June ' 


' 1873. 


Novemher ' 


' ISiH. 


June 


• 187.'3. 



204 



TIIIC CITY OF TRENTON. 



Cluiiiiiicre, Charles E., 
Gunnnerc, William 8.. 
Hainill, llvi-li 11., . 
llaiiiiltoii, Morris K., . 
Haninim, Levi T., . 
Holt, William. . 
Holt, Wooill.ury 1)., 
Howell, John G., 
Howell. Lambert L.. 
Hunt, Jose])h VAy, 
1 1 utcliinson, Harton 15., 
Ilutehinson, Symmes 1?., 
Jamieson, \\'illiani M., 
Johnson, William V., . 
Jones, Asa, 

Katzenhaeh. Fi'ank S., .Ir., . 
Fanniui:, William .M., 
Lee, Franeis 1!., . 
Little, Henry .'^., 
Loos, Neviu J., . 
Lowthorp, Franeis C. , 
Maepherson, (.ieor^e \\'., 
^laple, Theodore C, 
MeMieha.'l, William P., Jr., 
Jlouttiomery, John .\., 
Morrell, Henry IL, 
]\itn-i)liy, Kdwaril IL, 
Naar, Samuel (i., 
Oliphant, Samuel D.. 
Oliphant, Samuel IK, .Ir. , 

Packer, (iouverueur \'., 

Parker, Lewis, 

Perrine, Lewis, 

Petty, .Nelson L., 

Pliilli|.s, 11, my 1)., . 

Reed, .\lfred, ' . 

Rellstah, John, 

Riehey, Isaac F., . 

Rohhins, Carroll, 

Roberts, Charles E., 

Robeson, (ieorge ^L, 

Rue, A. Judson, . 

Rusling, James F., . 

Sanford, William A., . 

Sattertliwait, Linton, 

Seott, Lewis W., . 

Scudder, George 1)., 

Scudder, Hervey C. , 

Stockton, Bayard, 

Stockton, John P., 

Stockton, Robert F. , 

Sykcs, John, 

Teni]ile, John T., . 

Tunison, Harmon P., . 

Van Cleef, John T., 



Admitted February Term, is*tl. 

" June ' " 1873. 

February " 1877. 

" September " IS-l-J. 



June ' 


' 1874. 


June ' 


' 1 8(i8. 


November 


ISO.-?. 


Novendier 


is7(;. 


June 


• 1S72. 


l'\'bruary ' 


' 188(5. 


Juill' ' 


' 1881. 


February ' 


' 1879. 


June ' 


' 18<)(). 


June ' 


' 18B8. 


Novembei- ' 


' 187(i. 


November ' 


' 18!)2. 



N..vendHT " 1880. 

June " 1893. 

April " 1848. 

Novendier " 18<.)4. 

June' " 1875. 

Novi'nibcr •' 1878. 

l•^llrual■y " 1S78. 

June " 1S7!). 

June " IS'.ll. 

Fcbrnary " 18<.)L 

February " 187U. 

June •• 1880. 

November " 1SI)7. 

Novel nlier " 1S.S7. 

.luuf •• 18;).3. 

.June " IMU. 

June " bSS.S. 

June " 181)4. 

Fcbrn.iry " 18S3. 

.Innc •• 18(54. 

Novi'inbcr " 1882. 

June " 1875.' 

Novend)er " 188(5. 

Novendier '• 18'J3. 

July •' 1850. 

Novi'udier " 1879. 

June '' 1859. 

February " 1892. 

February " 1887. 

N<ivend>i'r " 1871. 

.June " 1879. 

Novendu'r " 1892. 

February '• 1878. 

April " " 1847. 

November '' 1854. 

November " 1887. 

June " 1868. 

June " 1894. 

June " 1872. 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



205 



Ailniittcil April Torni, 1X51. 



,1 line 




iss.-j. 


.Illlll.' 




ISC..",. 


June 




ISSIJ. 


NnVtMllln-r 




is.s;',. 


.1 line 




is<.):;. 


Feliiiinrv 




ISTC. 


Feliruary 




isii;}. 


.luiie 




1.S80. 


Feliruary 




IHSl. 


Juno 


( i 


l.SliS. 



Van Syckel, Ben net, .... 

Van Syckel, William 8 

\'ni()ni. (larret |). W'., .... 

Walker, Eihviii Unliert. 

Walker, Siunuel. ..... 

Wats.ni, Wnltun M 

^\'elli^u:, Charles Levny. 

M'ilson, Frank \\'., .... 

W,,u,l, Ira W 

W'ooil, l.saac T., 
Woodruff, Pvoliert S., . 

There are in the city the followini;- law firms : IJarton i\: Dawes nfnratin N. liarton and Aaron 
\'. Daweis), Buchanan i*c Rellstali ( i'X-CoiiL;ressman .lames Hiiehaiian and .lohn Kellstah), CmssleyiV: 
Montgomery (W'illiam .T. Crossleyaiid .lohii .\. Mmiti^dmia-y ), Barker (liimiiiere A' Sims (William S. 
Gunnnere, Charles V.. ( iunimere and Samuel I!, (i urn mere i, St nek ton ,v .luhnsnn ( .Inlin I'. Stockton 
and AMlliam Y. .Johnson), Lowthor]) t^- Olijihant ( l''raiieis C. ],o\\ tlioi-|i and Samuel 1). Oliphant, 

Jr.). Holt it Wilson ( W lluu'y D. Holt and Frank W. Wilson), A|i|ile<:ate it Coward (Harrv- 

Le Roy Applegate and Jaeol) ^M. Coward i. Holt it (Irani (William Holt and Israel I!, (iranti, 
Howell & Brother (J. (i. and L. L. Howell ). 

Of the Justices of the Supreme Court resident in Trenton, are ('hid' .fiistiee Meiver lli^aslev. 
Associate Justice Bennet ^'all Syckel and Associate .liistice William S, (limmiere. ( )f the (oiirl of 
Clunu'cry, Vice ChaiK/ellor .lohn T. Bird and X'ice Chancellor .\lfrcd i;ee<l reside in Trenton. The 
Chancery Reporter, S. Mereditli ])iekiii,~(jn, and the Law licportei', (iarret 1). W. \'room, are resi- 
dents of Trenton. The State Lihrarian, Morris R. Hamilton, is also a 'riiiiloiiian, as are District 
Court Judge Chauncy H. Beasley and Law .Judge of Mercer County llohcrt S. Woodruff'. Cniteil 
States District Court Judge Edward T. (jreeii has his home in Trenton. 

Although various law students' organizations have comi' into existence in this cit\-. the latest 
and most successful attempt was recently made hy Mr. D. I'A'crctt \'an Driglit. assisted liy .Messrs. 
Joseph P. Hickey and John AV. Zisgeii. A notici' for temporary organization was |inlilisheil, at 
whicli meeting Mr. Van Driglit jircsided. On May Ith, 1S',I.">, |iei-manent organization was c'lTeitcd 
liy the election of the following ollicers : President, Anthony S. liri-miiin ; \'ice President, .lames 
Kelly ; Secretary and Treasurer, .lolm W, Zisgeii ; (^uizz Master, Frederick Hiiline. The ohjects 
for which the association was organized are four — Moot Court. Law !>cctures, (Jtiizz ( 'lass ami I »elia1ei<. 
Meetings are held weekly, on Saturday afternoons, in the Council Cliamlierof the City Hall. The 
mimlier of rnemhers on the list is twentv-nine. 




CHAPTER XX r I. 



rin'siciAXs i\ trextox. 



Eari.v Davs (iK Pkactick — Tiiio \\'i:si.i:va.\ DdcTitiMC hf " I'i;i.\iAri\-]c rii\-si( 
Disrii'i.Ks (IF ICscui.APir.s AMi iiii: l'i;i:si;\i' (Iknkkathin. 



-])isTi.\iirisnKi) 



^/^ss"^ 




1 1 !■; 1 1 IS'l'i )1!\' (if c.-ii-ly iiiciliral )ii-:ictii-c' in Tniitiin is lariri'ly :i rcjictition nf the 
roc'onl of cvi'i'y gniwiiig colonial town. (Quacks and cliavlatans ])n'yril n]i(in an 
itjnorant ]iulilic, Icavinfr in tlicir path wrccknl constitutiims and even liodily 
injuries. In<lee(l, so urt^at did tiiis evil heecmie tliat in IT'iii the Xew .Jersey 
Me(lieal Society was formed, tlie constitution of which orjranization was sitrncd hy 
fourteen of the most respectahk' of the ]ihysieians of the eastern jiortion of the 
Colony. Throui;]! the inlluenees of tliis Society, the "Act to retrulate the ]>rac- 
tiee of iihysiek and suru'ery '' was ])assed in 1772, which ])rohihited anyone from 
exereisiufr the "healing art" e.\ce|it the a]i]ilieant he first examined hefore two 
Justii-es of the Su])reme Court and an examiner whom they mi.udit select. 
\'arious otiier statutes wen^ passeil <lurini.' the century succee(linjr 17ti(), all of which tendeil to 
restrict tile operations of ipiacks, to aid tiie State Society and to place tlie jiraetice of medicine upon 
a catliolic yet conservative liasis. Within recent years, |iartiiulai'ly in l>i'.ll and ISil."), the Legisla- 
ture has ])asscd acts which are of tlie Lircatcst importance to Ihr profission, more especially relatiuir 
to cpiestions of a liyj;ienic eh:iraeter. 

.\ curious jihase of tlie earlv pra<-tice of medicini' in Trenton is to lie fdund in a little himk, 
entitled '-Primative Piiysic or an Ivisy and Xatui'al IMi'thod of Cm'ing ]\Iost Diseases."' This was 
the sixteenth edition, printed in 17.'~l.S hy (Jut'iiuelle A- AVilson, and was written hy .John Wesley, the 
founch'r of Methodism, in London. Tlic date of the (irefaee is .hmc 1 1th, 17)7. The remedies are 
all of a vegetahle nature, and are very (juaint and interesting. Regarding cliildren, it is advised 
tliat they should not touch s]iiritiious or fermented li(|nor hefore they are tini i/cars old. For con- 
s>unption, the patient is advised evci'y morning to cut u[i a httlc turf of fresh earth, and lying down 
hreathe in the hole for a (|Uarter of an hour. The iliac passion, a violent kind of cramp, could he 
curc(l hy holding a live liupl)y constantly on the helly. For lunacy, it is recommended that the 
lioilcd juice of ground ivy and sweet oil and white wine l)e made into an ointnuait. "Cliafc it in 
warm (water) every other day for three weeks." This generally cures melancholy. Tlie autiior 
recommends cold hathing and the use of electricity. Tiiese, with other simple ri'mcdics, show that 
.Ml-. Wesley, in his English an<l American societies, iiad gatiiered togi'thcr jilain pi-ojile of Iml litllc^ 
education. Physicians were often imohtainable even in towns llic size of Trenton, and this little 
liook was of great benefit, inasmuch as most of the remedies grew in the yards or gardens of nearly 
every reader. 

Of physicians immediately associated with Trenton and vicinity during Revolutionary times, 
the name of Colonel .John Beatty is most jirominent. After residing in Princeton, where he 
rendered ]iatriotic service, he later served as delegate to Congress, 1783 and 1793, and as Speaker of 
the Assend>ly. In 17'.).j he was elected Sc'cretary of State, n>moved to Trenton, settled on tlie hanks 
of tlie Delaware, and was President of both the Trenton Bridge and the Trenton Banking Company. 




J.iIlN WciOT.VKBTON, A.M., M.I). 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



207 



of till' early |iliysiriaiis of Tri'iitmi. ii was iiion' liiiilily rstccnii-il tliaii Niclmlas Jac(|ii('s 

Eniaiiutl dr r.illrvillr. wild was ]h<v\] at ?*Ii'tz. Fi-aiirr, in 17-")-'l. He stiidicil incdicini. uihIit his 
fatlirr, jiasscil scvi'ii ycais in tlic srlinuls and Inisiiitals of I'aris and canic to Trcntnu as a I'c^lldw 
rov".V'"'' with ('"Uiit I'nlaski. (icncval I'liilcnmn Dickinson states that the \csscl in which he 
sailed was a s1(hi| i-of-war, iniiuntiiiu fduvtcen uuns, with a vw\\ of HI.", men. She had on hoard 
ahount IJlUll stand of arms for the American troo|is. On tl,,. twenty-second u\' .lulv. 1777, thev 
arrived in ^lassaeluisetts. and tlii' first town he cntci-cd was Salem, when' he st.aid some da\s and 
afterwards went to I'.oston. Di-. dc I'.cllcville attcnd.il the Comit. in I 1h- ■aiiaeitv of suruvon, in the 
different parts of the c(,nntry til which he wini f,ii- the |,ni-|i(.sc of i-c(a-nitiiii:' a Iciiion. which the 
Count was authoii/cd to raise hy the l'r(.vincial ( 'onuivss. I'idaski i-cni.-iineil some time at 'I'l-eiiton 
for that ]iuriiose. where ]'.ellc\ille hcctinie aci|iiaiiited with Dr. I'.iyant, a |ihysician of eminence, 
who took a fancy to him, ti-c.itcd him kindly, anil ciidi';i\ oicd to |Misn,idc him to '/wr n|i the annv 
and scttli' in Tl-cnton. olTci'iiiL: to <lo .all in his power to iiili'orliicc him into practice. This he did 
in the fall of 177^. In his professional life he was natni-ally the fi-i<iid of his comilr\inan. .lose|ih 
Bonaparte, Connt de Sui-\illers, the c\ile(| Kini:- of Spain, who then rcsideil at lioivlentown. 'I'o 
tlie inlhlence of Di-. de r.dli \-illc. the civdit must he L;i\('n of l.ciiiL; the fonndcr .if tin' ineilical pi'o- 
fcssion in the city of Trenton. 

Dr. .l.ames IJcakes Coleman was a student of medicine midcr I )i-. de liilles illi.. nnd <^i'aduated 
from ^'alc Colli'iiv in ]s-J.'J. In ls:;7 |)|-. (olcm.ui, who h.id pr.iciiccd in I'hiladclphia and in Hnr- 
lington county, removed to Trenton, when' he hecainc iiinnenl in the Held of sui-^crv. lie was 
c.s.seiitially a niyriad-mindeil man, cipi.-illy ,it home upon the lectui-c platform, in the chemical 
laboratory, or w ith mahl-stick and hinsh. I Ic .also contiilmtcd c\lcn^ivel\- to the lo;-al and Slate 
press. In oflicial life, he wa.- for a w hile l'iv>idcnt of the State .Medical Society and of the Hoard 
(if Health, was one of the ^lanaLivrs of the St.itc hmi.itic .\sylum and deeply inlcicslid in philan- 
thn)])ic measures. Dr. Coleman ilied ahout twenty yeiii's since. 

Dr. .James Clark, son of Di'. Israel ('lark, of Cl.arksvilli-, which spot was >ettlcd h\- the fandly 
in ll'i'.l.'), was an cnnnent pi-actitiouia- of this city. Dr. .lames Clark's wife w:is M:n-y, dauiihter of 
Dr. Nicholas de I'.clh'villc. 

Di'. .lohn ^^cd\elway was a conti'mporar\' of Di'. Coleman, the profession:d careers of holh Ixanj; 
ti'rminatcd at ahout the same period. Di-. .M(d\clwav was of the so-called "old school," and one 
who was very punctilious as to the ethics of his pi'otcssioii, which he dearh lo\'cd. 

Dr. .[olni D. Tayhii- w.as a native of Monmouth county, ami .afti'r uraduatini: at the Medical 
I'nivirsity of New '^'ork City, acipiirecl a laiyc pi'acticc in Ticnlon. lie dieil. hiirhly i-cspccted. 
Maivh I'd, 1S7'.K 

The recent dcjiarture of Dr. William W. I.. Phillips from this city to heconic Sin-ucon at tlu^ 
National Home at Fortress Monroe, N'irixinia, riano\es ;i particulai-ly prominent citiziai. With a 
record of a most distintruished ch.aracter, as Sur.u'con in the .\rmy of the rotomac, as City I'hysician 
and as I'hysician at the New Jersey St.ate Prison, Dr. Phillips did not coiiiinc his talents to these 
hranchi'S of the jjuiilic sia-\icc, hut LiaNc his time and .•ittcnlion to vital municip.al matters. He was 
one of the oi'L'ani/.crs of the Hoard of Trailc. wa> an active factor in the park .aixitation, diil more 
than any one citi/.cn to sccui-e the pi-i^sciit scwia-ajic system, and was at the head of the early move- 
ment Icaclint;' to the cstahlishnient of Mei-cei- Hospital. 

For nearly forty years one of tin' most prominent physicians in Ti'cnton was Dr. .John W'ool- 
verton, A.M., .M. D. He was hoi-n near Stockton, New .Ici-sey. ( )c|olicr 27th, 1S2."), and his early 
life was spent on liis father's farm, in Hunterdon county. .\t the aixc of seventeen he entered 
Fafayetto ColIe<>;e, at Easton. Pennsyhani.a. immediately after Icavini: college, lie eutei-ed as a 
student the ollici' of Dr. Fouike, at New Hope. I'einisylvania. In 1^17 lu' malriculatcij at the 
Medical Department of the Fniversity of i'emisylvaiua, ami reccivin.:,' his ile.^'ree of .^F D. in \s\'.), 
he o))cncd an odiee in Trenton, and continued in the active prai-tice of his jirofession until the <lay 
of his death — Se]itemher llth, IS.SS. .\t the time of his decease Dr. W'oolvcrlon was the oldest 
inemlxT of the District Midieal Society, and the oldest practitioner of medicine in cnntiiuiuus .«it- 
vice in Mercer comity. in Ihc coluunis of the "Mediial Society of .New .ler.sey Transactions fur 
IS.SO," one of his hrother ]iraetitioners has been j.ieased to say of him: " He always mainlained 
an honorahle position toward his professional brethren, was one of the most j,'ener()ns of etiiuiietitors, 
and wa< enniienlly the friend of the youiif; practitioner." 



20S THK CITY OF TRENTON. 

His ilratli was rciianlcd l>y his associates, imt only as a pulilic luss Imt as tlic loss of a jxTsonal 
fricMiil as well. AltiidUfiii \w coiKhicttMl a vorv extensive practice lie rej^eatedly held positions of 
trust and lionor. and founil time to discliarLTc liis odicial duties to tlie entire satisfaction of the 
peoijlc. Ill I'^tiS, lie was clectcil to tiic State Senate, wjicrc he served (jne term, positivelv 
refusins.' a second nomination. He was a meml>er of Counnon Council, and in ISSli was elected 
Mavor of tlu' city. For several years he was Director i>f the Hoard of Chosen P^reeholders, and at 
the time of his death was I'ri'sident df the I'.dard nf Health. Hi' was also I'ri'sident of the i'mai-d of 
School Trustees. i)|-. WiMilverton was I'hysiciau and Surireon-in-Chicf of St. Francis Hos]iital from 
the time it was started imtil his death. He was a niendier of the State Medical Society, and was 
President nf the Scicictv in 1S()2. {''iii' many years he was one of the most |iriiniiiient as well as one 
of tlie most zealous mendiers of the Ma^nnie fraternity in the State, attaiiiini;' the Thirty-third 
Dcirree, and lillinii- the highest |Misitiiiiis in the gift of that or^'anization. l)r. W'oolverton was 
married to JMimia ('(i]i|ier \'an Cli-ve, daughter (if one uf Trentnn's most ri'Si>ected citizens. Within 
a few vears his wife died, leavinjr one son, Edwin \'. C. 

The Mercer County Me(lical Society was formed in the yeai- ISIS, and has since had an active 
(>xisti'nc<'. .\ local society of the homo'opathie physicians i- also iiKa-easiuLr in miMiihership, this 
school of |ii'aeticc havini;- Keen introduced into Mercei- countv liv Di'. .loseph C. ISoai'dman in .\pi'il, 
1.S4.'). 

Trenton has lieeii most I'ortmi.-ite in havini;' seeui'ed .as resident pli\sieians, t;entlenieri who 
1)V reason of supt'rioi- skill in their chosen profession have kept the general health of the pidilie up 
to a hi<rli avera<re. We gi\e herewith lirief sketches of the leading physicians and surgeons of 
Tnaiton — men who ha\'e Keen prominent |\- idenlilied with the lust intei'ests of the city. 

W'll.l.iAM S. l.M.oi,', M.|)., was lioi'n .\pril Kith. |S|S, in Hamilton townsliip, Mercer county. 
New .li'rsew on the l.alor homi'steail, which has Keen in iiossession of the faniilv since \~'>(). He 
was educated at the l.awrenccvilh' Classical and Commercial High School, and was gra<luated from 
Princeton College with the Class of '(it). He then entered upon the study of medicine with Hr. 
.John WdoKcrton. In 1S7'J he grailnated from the I niversitx' of PennsvKania, receiving the di'gree 
of M.|). He then opened all oliice in Trenton, and h.as continued in the active ])ractice of his jiro- 
fcssion here evei- since. He has heen eminently successful as a jihysician and surgeon, and has 
cstalilislK'd a vcrv large and lucrative practice. He is a man of nnliounded energy and a high 
degree of pliysical t'lidurance. He is a meniher of the State .Medical Society and the Mercer County 
Medical Society, having heen President of the latter hody during ISS-i. He served as City Physi- 
cian for four years, was a imanher of the I'xiard of School Trustees for three years, and was Superin- 
tendent of i'uhlic Instrnction during ISTli and 1S77. He also served as a memher of the I'mard of 
Health for seven years. l''or four years, mider President Cleveland's administration. Ih-. l.alor was 
l'"xaniining Pension ."Surgeon. He was County Physician for six years and faithfully attiaided to 
liis duties. He is now Physician at the Deaf-Mute School, having acted in that capacity for tlu'ce 
years. Hr. l,alo|- was marriccl in lS7o to ,\nnie Fl, daughter of Henry Cramho, of Philadelphia. 
She died in 1S77. Iia\ing had two ehildicn, liothof whom are also deceased. ()n Oetoliei- .")th, 
LS.SO, Dr. l.alor married ICmilicX'., daughter of Charles W. .Mixscll, of F^aston, Pennsyhania. He 
has a very handsome hrownstone resiihaice ami oliice at P2!t North \\'arreu street. 

Cii.\ni.i':s Pcrrrs Bhitton, M. D.. was liorn in Trenton, New Jersey, in isi.'i. In 1S7;;, h(^ 
received the degree of M.D. upon the coni])letion of a full medical course in the Cniversity of 
Pennsylvania. He practiced in Trenton until lS7(i, and during three years of his general prai-tice 
here he was one of the l'hysi<aans of St. I'rancis Hospital. In 1S7(;, he was apiiointed i'hysiciau 
to the New .Jersey State Asylum for the Insane, and he was connected with that institution for six 
years. Tii 1SS2, he ]mrchased the ilrug husiness estahlished hy Dr. .lames ahout lifty years ago, 
and ill ISUl lie moved into the handsoniely-ei|Uipped Masonic 'i'emple Pharmacy, corner of State and 
North Warren streets. In 1.SS2, he was married to Katherini' (i.. daiiglit(r of Dr. .lohn Kirhy, 
who has heen for many years one of the Resident Physicians at the .\sylnm. One son and three 
daughters are the fruits of this marriage. Dr. Pritton is a memher of the New .lersey State Meilical 
Society and the New .Jersey State Pharmaceutical Sociily. lie lia> tor years lieeii a memher of the 
Trenton l!oard of Health. He resides handsomelv at .No. 12(i West State street. 




Wii.i I \M s. I.ir...i:, M.O. 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



209 



Wn.i.iAM II. (I. (liiii'irni, .M.l>., was hum in Wdmlstin-k, .\c\v lirunswick, I)oininii)ii of 
Caiuula, Aiitfust oil, IS;;.'!. Ho stmlicd iiic(|ii'iiii' with Dr. 'rucitliakcr, uf l'hila(h-l]ihia, an<l (hiriiii; 
the Civil war was Assistant Sui'grdu at Church llii>|iital, 'i'cniu'sscc. lie afterward Vdlunteercil witli 
thr Tenth Re.u'inient, Tennessee \'iihniti'ers. .Vfti.a- thi- war was nvei- he entered Hahnemann 
College, of Philadeljihia. fi'oin whence he was i;radnated in 1S72. lie |iraeliceil at 1 luhneville, 
I'liin-ylvania. from 1^7'-' to is.sl, when he came to Trenton. lie was one of the oriirinators of tliu 
City llos|iital, and has liceu on the .Medical and Snraical Stall' of this lios|)ital since its ojicninir. 
In 1^7:2 Dr. Critlith was married to .Miss lleyl, danj:hter of Dr. lleyl, a |irominent iiliv>ician of 
l'hiladel|ihia. Tliey liave two children, .\nna ami ( icorge. 



saw -» 



^ ^ 




IIlc.XKY ]\I. \\'k1':ks, .M.D., was horn in 1 i'\ini;ton, a suhnih of .Newark. New .lei-sey, Octoher 
l:!(ith, lS.")tl. He attended the ])nhHc schools of .Newark until Hie .'ilic of thii'tccn. when he started 
out to liu'lit till' hattles of life alone. He went to New V<irk City a nil cii Liaised in niia'cantile [lursuils, 
continuing;- his education umlei- pi'ivate tutors, 
and, at the auc of seventeen, hepni the stmh' 
of medicine, still continuinL; to hold a clerical 
position as a means of su])|iori. Histutois 
were men who I'ncour.aiicd him in his ad\ancc- 
meut. and through \\\- ul'eat enerL;\' and hard 
studv. in 1S7'>, he was uraduated fioiii the 

;\Iedical Dejiartment of the rni\eisity of New 1^ 

York, havint;' taken in addition to the regular 
t'onrse a special course in smi;ery. After his 
uraduation he enifatred in the ]ii'ai-tice of his 
profession witli Dr. ^\'illianl .\. Smith, at th;it 
time one of the most ]iromineiit pli\'sicians of 
Newark. He was elected one of the ,\ ttelidil ii; 
Physicians to the Old Ladies' Home, and 
also an .Vtten.liiiL: l'h\sici:in at the Newark City 
Dispensary, and while serviuii in this capacity 
he ]ierfornieil many intricate surgical operations 
on the patients who visited the dispensary, 
attraetin.Li inucli ])nhlic attention. Durim: the 
time he practiced in Newark he did a iircat 
deal of >uri:ical work in connection with pi-oini- 
nent jrynu'cologists of New ^'ork City, and hy 
their teachinii' and aid he hecanic a ihoniu'jh 
master of the tivna'colouical hi'anch of sni'i^ciw 
so far as it was then developed, and he has 
heen a ililifrent student of later disco\ei'ies and 
experiments since that time. He fully expected 

to devote himself entirely to sur<jery, es]ieeially ,t;vna'colo!_dcal suruery. hul in lS7o his health l)roke 
down, so that he was ohlitrcd to remove to Southei-u California, in 1^77 he settled in Fallsinjrton, 
Pennsylvania, where lie eoulil still lia\'c the heiieUt of country air. In ISSl he IkkI so far 
recovered his liealth that he fell w.arranted in iroinir liack to city pi'actice, and so far as possilile to 
tlie ])ractice of his sjieeiahy. lie I hen came to 'I'reiiton. whci'i' his ahility soon hecame reeoLniized, 
placini.' him amonir the leadiiiL' suri:eons of the citv. i)r. \\'eel<s is the pioneer ;_'yna'coioi_dst of 
Trenton. In Septendier, ISSIJ. he opened a ]irivale hospital on i'rospect street, for the treatment of 
women's diseases, izv., and suhsei|Uentl v removed to more commodious ipiarlers on Ituthertord 
avenue. \\ this hosjiital he performed the lii'st successfui ahdominal sur^iery in tliis |iart of the 
State. Sevei'al years ajio lie took a vi-ry aeti\c |iart in the eslahli.-iiment of tin' 'i'renton City 
Disjiensarv, which was opened in a huildintr upon tlie site now occupied liy the M.isonic Temple. 
.\s a result of this dispensary idea, the .Mei'cer iiospilal was erected. i >r. Weeks is one of the 
surtrcons of this hos|iital. i le is a mcmlier of tiie I'hiladelplda ( )l)sletrical Society and liie I'hila- 
delpliia Neurological Societv, and is an e.\-Pi-esident <if tlie .Mercer County District Medical Society. 



H l^^■K^ M. \Vki:ks 



210 



tiif; city of trenton. 



Ho is ("haii'iiian lit' tlic IJiianl of Mnlical ]*]xaiiiiiirrs (jf tlic I'niilciitial Lifr Insurance ('(iin]ianv for 
tlic Trenton District, anil is Medical Iv\aniiner for several other life insurance conii)aiiies. In May, 
\^~'A. Dr. ^\'eeks was niarrieil to Mary M., (laui^ditcr of David D. Fairdiild, a wealtliy citizen of 
Newark. Seven cliildren have lieen lioi'u to them, six of whoni ari' livinff, one haviufj; died in 
infaiicv. David F. , the eldest, is ]iursuinj,' the study of medicine in the Fniversity of Pennsylvania. 
The other ehililrcn, two hoys and three L'irls, are attcudinL;' school in this city. The family reside 
at 4S4 \\'est State street, and attend tlie Ti'lnity F|iisco|ial Church. J)r. Weeks has always posst'SSied 
an indeiiendent s|iiiit. and from I'urly manhood relied solely upon his own exertions for existence 
and advancement. He has foUirht L'allantly with the vicissitudes of life, and the hiirh standinj; which 
he now enjoys in the medical |ii'ofession is the result of his own relentless toil and indefatif;ahle 
ctTorts. He occupies a suite of olliccs at lo West State strt^et. 

KicUAKU I!iNV \.\ I!oi.i:i;s, Sh., .M. D., was horn in Wc-t Windsm- township. .Mi ■reel- county. N. .1.. 
Septemher l")th, IS-J.'!, and is a son of lO/.ckii'l and .Mary liunyan iioi^crs. I Ic was reared on his father's 
farm and rccei\-i'd much of his education in the district school din'int;- the winter months. For 

scvei'al years he did clerical work in a country 
store, durin;;- which period lie was also School 
Sn])crintcndcnt and .lusticeof the Peace. Tn 
IS.^j!, he was elected Surrouate of Mcrcci' count v 
for live vears. and the followini;' term was re- 
elected to the same olliec. DuriuL;' the latter 
tei'm lie pm'sticd the study of medicine, and 
was aradualcd fi-om the I'niversity of Pennsyl- 
\-ania in the >prim: of lS(;-_'. He was then 
ap|Hiintcd \w Pi'csideul I.iuculn the l*]\.aminiiiij: 
Surji'con for the Second Conjiression.-d District 
of New .lersey. lillinL; the duties of that posi- 
tion until the close of the w.ar. Immediately 
.iftcr I'lceiviuL;' his decree he cntei'ed ujion the 
piacticc of his |irofessioii in Ti'intun. where he 
has since continued. He sci'vcd one term in 
the State I.ciiisjal lire, and has heen a nienihi>r 
of the ('onnnon Comuil. He is a mendier 
of the .Mercei- Comity Di>trict Medical Society, 
.iiiil on \ai'ioUs occasions has lieeii a delcLiate 
to the State .Medical Society. Forahout twenty 
years hv has heen .Vctinu and Consultini:- Phy- 
sician and Surgeon at St. I'rancis Hospital. 
In the year ISJl he was mai'ried to Mary 
.\. 1 1 utehinsoii, of Mercer cotinty. New Jersey. 
Four childi-cn have heen horn to them, three 
daughters and a son, one daiiLchter heing 
dcceaseil. Since is.");!, he has heen a niemher 
of the Third Preshyterian Church, and ten years jirior to that time, he held niemhcrship 
with the Hamilton Sipiare Preshyterian Church. He resides at No. lltJ J'^ast Hanover street, where 
he also retains his ollice. 




UlCIIAIUl It. HlllM-.KS, Sl!. 



Wii.i.iAM I'li.MKi!. .M.D.. was horn in Jhidiivton, New .lersey, JJecemher 11th, I^IO. He was 
graduated from the West Jersey Academy and later from the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, 
with the Class of'(>l. He then matriculated at the I'niversity of Pemisylvania, whence he was 
graduated in ].S(i4, immediately after n-ceiving his degree he locatcil in his native town and com- 
menced the pi-actice of his profession. He remained there until isri'.i. when hi' came to Trenton 
and has heen practicing here continuously e\cr since. He is one of the most gentlemanly of men — 
one whom it is a pleastnv to meet, socially or professionally. He is a nu'mher of the I-'irst Preshy- 
terian Church and hokls the position of Elder. For a nmuber of years he was Suiierinteiulent of 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



•211 



till- Salibath-sfliodl in ciiiincitioii \\illi that i-liunli. Ilf attcndcil llir first incrtini: nf the State 
I'xiard Ilf Ilraltli ami was mic n[ its (ii-i;aui/ii-s. He was at <iiic time I'lTsiiiiiit, and is now Ti-casnrcr 
(if tile Mci'ccr C'linnty .Mriliral Suricty. j-'nr t wmty-unc yiai-s hr was ( '(iri'is|inniliiiL: Sicn'tarv i>f 
tlic Niw Jersey State Meilieal Smiely, ami is at the ]iresent time i'resiilent uf that siieietv. 
He is alsii a menilier nf the Anieiiean Meilieal Assneiatiun ami the Aniei'iean Aeaileniv nf Meilieine. 
He was niarrieil in ISC'.l tn Alice Cray, uf ( 'ulnniliia. I'l ini-yl\aiiia. \\hii ilied in l.s.ss^ leaving' fnur 
chililren — AVilliam, Walter Oray. Artlini- liead ami Aliee (Irav. William ami Waltei- Orav are 
graduates of Princeton College; the former is now eiinsnltini;' eleetl-ieal emiineer to the 
Trenton Iron Company in the new system of electric towai;e on the ]']rie canal, while the 
latter hiis chosen his father's profession and is pnrsuiiiL: a medical coui'se at the I'nivia-sitv 
of Pennsylvania. Arthur Read is a Sophomoi-e in Piimcloii ('ollet;e. |)i-. l\lmei' has a liaml- 
sonie residence at No. 4(i West State sti'eet. with conmiimicatim;' olliees and waitim;-rooms 
adjoining at No. 44 West State street. The l^lmer family is known in Smiih .lersev as a fainih' of 
])hysicians. Four iienerations ago .loiiathau I'lmir practiced medicine in I'.iidgeton. then his son 
William, and afterward his graml-mi William, and now his gi-cat-grandsou William, the sniijeet of 
this sketch, succeeded each other as practicing physicians. 



^\'^,I.1A^[ A. Ci^.MiK, .Ii;., M. |l., was horn in Trenton mi the 1 wcn(\-sixth of .\pril. 1>>.")7. |)i-. 
Clark's father is \\'illiain Alexander Clark, for forty years Iteceiving Tcllei- of the Ti-eiiton I!aid<. 
His motlier is Lueretia Heeder. of Philadelphia, hoth hcing of Kevolutionai'v stock. Dr. (.lark, after a 
pndiniinary education at the Trenton Academy, 
entered the office of Dr. .lohn ^\'ool\•erton. 
After remaining one year, he laitered the ^ledi- 
cal Department of tlie Cniversity of Pennsyl- 
vania, and graduated Mai-ch l-'itli, IST'.l. He 
then hegan practice in Trenton, where he has 
since remained. Dr. ( 'lark was appointed City 
Physician in Ajiril, 1879, which olliec he held 
two years. Upon the sixth of Octohcr, l^'^?, 
he married Carrie A., daughter of the Urw 
.lohn S. lleegle. of the :Methodist Episcopal 
Cliuich. at one time stationed in 'I'reuton. 
"I'he l!e\'. .Mr. Beegle, married Leiitia Toltcii, 
of that Staten Island f.imily of l!e\-olntiiinary 
]iatriots which gave their name to Tottenville. 
Dr. Clai-k is a Hepuldican. hut does not take 
an active interest in politics. He is \'isiting 
Physician to ..Mercer Hospital, and is a niemher 
of the .MerecrCounty Medical Society. William 
Clark, great-grandfather of Dr. Clai-k. was the 
last survivor of the Sugar-house prisoners, so 
well i-eniemhered in the Revolutionary histoi'y 
of Xew Yolk City. 

I loi.'Ai i: ( ;. Wi:i iii;i;ii.L. M.D.. was Imi-n at 
J-ainhertville, NewJia'sey, Deeemher Hith. 1^'iCi. 
After reading medicine under his father. Dr. 
William Wetherill. he entered the Ciiis-crsity of 

Pennsylvania, and was graduated thei'cfrom in the spring of 1S7S. licturning to I.anilierlville. lie 
associated himself with his f.ather initil 1N>^'_'. In that year, he iiecame a niemher of tlic st.alT at 
the New Jersey State Lunatic Asylum, where he remained until INNI, at which time he located in 
Trenton, where he has licen ever since, with the exception of one year spiait on the I'acilie coast 
for the henefit of liis health. Dr. Wetherill is a niendier of the .Mercer County District .Medical 
Society, and was President of that Imdy for one year. On a numher of occasions he has sci-ved as 
delegate to the State Society, hefore which he has read several Interesting papers. He is also a 




Wn, 1,1AM .\. Cl. VHK, .1 K. 



212 



THE CITY OF TilEXTON. 



meinhor of tlic ^[crccr ("i unity Xulunil History Society and the State Sanitary Association. He is 
one of the stafT of St. Francis ll(is|)ital, ami is in cliarfre of tlie (le])artin(>nt for diseases of women. 
He lias e<inti-ili\ileil a niniiher of carefully-iireiiareil artirles on snr<fical matters to medical maua/.ines 
tlirougliont the I'nited States. Tiiese articles have demonstrated liim to lie a student, and one 
tliorou^ddy familiar with his siihjeet. On Oetoher 20th. 1<SS."), Dr. Wetherill married Nellie ,\. Orr, 
of Trenton. He resides at No. 21S I^ast .'^late street, where he also retains his olliee. 

JosKi'n I'. TriiNKi;. .M.l>.. was horn in ilevcily, Ma-^saehusctts, .luly (1th. ISi':!. He attended 
courses at the I'liixersitv of rcimsvlvania and thi' -lelTersnn Meiljcal ('ollei;c. from which he hoMs 
his di]iIoma, and .also was a student at the l.oii;; Island CoHclic and ilos|iital of .New ^'ork. In 

ihe-c wclldciiiiw 11 iu^tilutioiis he received a thorouuli 
cilucation ill medicine, and afterward hei aiiic one of the 
most suect'ssful ami must |ii-(iiiiimnt thi-oat and Iuiil;- 
^^^fl^ specialists in this part of thi' cuiiiitry. IJy repeated 

^fli^^^^ cxpiTiiiiciil-. Dr. Tuiiicr found a mithod of chemically 

M trcatiiiu tar so that it would thoriiUL:lily mix with water. 

w[ '^ -^ This reniedv is one of lln- lic-;| known for couiilis and 

HJ^ ^ §^ eulds and all loiiii< of iliinat or lim- troiilile. He has 

J ,1 also a very enviahli' reputation as a specialist in tlie 

ticatment of cancers. Now, partially retired frnm active 
practice, he still tr<'ats those who care to consult 
him at his home olliee. No. 1 1 ."lO 1 ..amherton stre<'t. 
For \-eais l>r. Turner livi'd on the .hi~cph l>ona]iarte 
propertw on the hanks of the Delaware, known as 
I'iiie drove. This has lately heeii sold to the itiver- 
\ iew ('ciiii'tcry ,\ssocialion. Hi' was City i'liysiciaii of 
Trenton for fmu- years, and a mcmlier of ('<imm<iii 
(oiuicil for six vears, diiriuLr which lime he was 
( 'li.iinnan of the I'olici' and Fire ( 'unimittces. DiiriuL' 
the ('i\il war Dr. Tiiiiier M'r\id as SurL;eiiii in the 
First N<\v .hrsey Caxalry, and for a part of the time 
of his service lie was Sin'ii-eon-in-Chii-f at llie city of WashiiiLiton. I'poii Dcccmhei- ,",il, ]sl."), 
Dr. Turner married .Mathilda M. I'arott. 




Ju.-^j-i-u 1". Tl UNi:ii. 



W'iM.lAM (i. M(('ii,l.of(;ii, .M.D.. was horn at Minersville. Si'linylkill county, rcnnsylvania. 
Septemher -HOth, l.S.")l. He recei\cd his preliminary I'llucation at the I'lanisylvania Militai-y 
.Veaijemy, West Chester. reiinsyUania. IhniiiL;' ih'ciilecl npun niedi<ine as the profession hi' ilesired 
t I folliiw, he eiitcrcil Hahnemann .Medical College, whence he was i^raduatcil in 1X7^. Di'. 
.Met 'ullouixh is ,-1 typical self-m.aile man. of lininhlc orit;in. His father. i\ev. .1. I'. McCullou.i,di, 
I). !)., was a mianher of the IMiiladelphia .Methodi-t |-;|iiscopal ( 'oiifcrcnce, hut. as is usual with 
cl(M'frymen's families, they were, in the early days of Methodism, hlosed with littli' of this world's 
goods, and the chihh'en. altliou;.rh i:iven a i;oiid eiliication. were dhlii^ccl to depend l.ari:ely upon their 
own resources to make their way in the world. In this case Dr. Mc('ulloUL:h followed the ii>u.al 
eonrse. and started out with no capital save his eilucational store of knowledu'c ami plenty of push 
and enterprise. After ahoiit three years' practice in a coinitrv villa;:e he i-amc to Trenton, locating 
here in tlie fall of l.SSl. He speedily won the contidem-c of the pi'ople. and in conse(pience a lari;-e 
and vahiahle practici' is now at his command. He is a memher of the Faiailty and Lecturer at the 
City Hospital Traininjr School, meiidier of the .New Jersey State Medical and West Jersey .Medical 
Societies, Trenton Hoimeopathie Society, and is one of the stalT of the Trenton City Hospital. He 
is also |)roiiuneiitly idcntilicd with numerous heiievoliiit and secret orjranizations here and else- 
where. On January 2d, FSTl. he was married to Frances Day. dantrhter of .lohn Hodirson. late 
editor of tlie " Jeff'ersonian." West Chester, I'emisvlvania. Seven children were horn to them, hut 
only two survive — Dr. John H.. who is practieiuLT medicine in Trenton, and l''lorciice. Dr. 
JIeCulloui;li resides handsomelv at 21-'! i'ca-rv street, where he also retains his olliee. 




Wji.liam W. Wii_Kui-i, M.I>. 



TTIE CITY OF TRENTON. 



213 



William ^\■. W '^t kihi', M.D.. was Ihhh in Miti-it (■dunfy in 1S;!7. Aftrr a conimon-sclioul 
(■(luciitiiiii lie i;i-:iilniitcMl ill IMi:; fnjin the IM-Intic Medical (■()lli"^c (if l'liila(l(l|iliia, ami from the 
l'hilailrl])liia rnivri--ity in lS(i7. Fur twn years lie |iraetieeil in I'liiieeiiiii. and in iSli'.l eanie to 
Trenton. lie was iiiari'ieil Felnaiary l'lM. iM'iS. to iMiplieniia .M, 1'. Si k, of New irope, Penn- 
sylvania, who died .laniiary KMli. 1S>;1, On April I'Jtli, ISSo. h,. was nianaeil to .Marv K. \'an 
Lieu, 7(tV Baldwin, of I'lauiinulon. New .lersey. Dr. WyekolY is a lilieinl. inde|ieiident. iiro'jressive 
phy.sician, and is not wedded to any school or system, 'riic W'yckotT famih- c-anii' to l.oiiu' Islancl 
and thence to Hojiewell. James W'yckolf and l)ennis HaLicniaii, jzreat-iiranclfalhers of |)r. WvekoiT, 
were ]iresent at tlie l)attle of Princeton. A niatcnial ancestor, .l.-ie(pli Williamson, was also one of 
the [latriots of Valley Forge, who.se son was in the War of IS]:.;. 

William Rick, ^NLD., was born in Soleluiry townslii]i. Pucks comity, Pcnnsvlvania, in 1S.",7. 
lie rccei\-ed his riidinicntarv edui'ation at the IIuLilisi'an School, in P>uckintrhaiii townslii|i. I,a(cr, 
lie attendi'd tin' l""riends' liieli School, Philadclpliia, tinisliiiiL: a classical course at the ai;e 
of cijihteen. He next took a thoidiiiih iii<'<lical coiii'se at the I'nivcrsitx- of Pcnnsvlvania 
iiraduatiiiL; with high honors in the spring of psCiO. He negotiatc(l with J)r. Rosen- 
hurgi-r, of Freiiclitown, New .lersey, for the 
l)urcliasc of his residence and practice. ])r. 
Rice removed to Fren<htowii, .lannarv 1st, 
ISCl', and remained there in active practice 
exactly nine years. In iKilitical lift', he was one 
of the incorporators of the liorough of French- 
town, and sei'ved two consecnti\e terms as 
flavor. On.hmuary 1st, 1.S71, he removed to 
this city, and ac(piir(>d the good will ami resi- 
dt'llce of 1 )r. Wool vert on. He has heeii niuisu- 
ally successful in Trenton, and has coiitrihutcil 
largely to local iharities. He was a niemher 
of the ISoanl of School Trustees during three 
terms, and was a]i])ointed City I'liysician for 
two terms. In l.S7il, he was elected Mayoi-, 
on the Democratic ticket. The satisfactory 
manner in which he conducteil the piihlic 
affairs was the cause of his hcing re-i'lectcd. 
After the e.\|iii'ation of his last term, he 
withdrew entirely from politics, to meet a 
constant demand for his professional services. 
He retains his olliee at his h.andsomi'h- 
ap|iointe(l residence, Nos. .iCio .and o(i7 South 
Warren street. 

A.NTIIO.NY li. WoHTIII.XdTO.V, M.I)., was 
horn in Ikickingham, Bucks county, Pennsyl- 
vania, Fchruary .'id, 1S.']7. His ancestors 

were among the first settlers of the county. lie olitained his education at the Iliigliscan .\ca(leniv 
and .Millersville Pennsylvania Normal School. While engaged in teaching school in Delaware 
county, Pennsylvania, he commenced the -tiidy of medicine under the |ireeeptorsliip of Dr. David 
James, r)f Philadelphia, and graduated from the Ilalmemami .Medii"il College, Philadelphia, .Mareli, 
ISGO. He located at Itichlioi-o. in his native county, ,\]ii'il, ISOO, where hi' iiracticcd till 
January, 18G7, when he removed to Trenton, where he has since heeii in the coiiiinuoiis practice of 
his ])rofe.ssion. He was married in Sepfemher, ]S()2, to Joscjihine, d.-uighter of Henry K. Ramsey, 
of liic]il)orough, Pennsylvania, and has one son, Henry K. Wortliington, .M.D., who graduated 
from the Halincmann Medical College in ISStJ, and who is associated with liim in practice at No. 
110 West State street. In |Si)(), Dr. Wortliington was a])pointeil a meniher of the Stale Board of 
Medical I'Zxaminers of New .lersey. and was elected Treasurer of the Board, and serves a.s Die 
examiner on Hygiene and .Mcilical Jurisprudcnct', llonioopathic Materia .Mediea and Therapeutics. 







S9 ^ J 




>JM^|^^^^^^^^^^H ^^^^H^^F ' 





WII.IIVM Hi. 



214 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



FiiANK \'. C.wi'WKi.i.. M.l>., \vas l)i)rn in Trcntdii, Xcw .In-.-cy. |-"rliniary 27tli. lS(i-J. His 
Celtic aiK-cstors caiiir liitiicr iiiaiiy ilccadep: Ufro, his fatlicr liaviiij;- tlif licuKir of liciiif: the lirst Catlidlic 

school teacher in Trenton. After receivinir his ru<li- 
nien4ary ecln<-ation at St. .hihn's Seiiooj. of tliis <-ity. he 
entereil St. \'ini-ent Collejre. l'"roni there he went to St. 
Charles College, llowani ((jnnty. Maryland, wliere his 
classical education was linislieij. lie then entered tiic 
I'nivi'i'sitv of I'cinisylvania and was t;raduateil in nieiU- 
cine from that institution in l^^l. jieint: a|i|iointci| 
iicsidcnt i'hysician of St. .\hi|-y's ii..s|iital. I'hiladci- 
)ihia. he scrxcd in tiiat i-aijaeily one yeai', when lie 
came to 'i'l'enloii and has remained hcri' sim-c. lie is a 
|iaticnt stuchait. a careful, exhaustivi' ri'adcr. and in 
addition to the~e iiualilications he possesses jx-culiar 
natural talent-, a i|uiek insiLdit, aci-ui'atc ju<lL;nient and 
trained skill. lie is a niemlicr of the l'>oai-(l uf Ilealtli. 
and was a]ii>ointi'd I'eusiou I'".\aminin,!i Siu'ueon ilurin<i 
I'lesidcnt ('le\-clanirs first administration. He also 
scr\i'd three years in the City Council, lieiniiclcctcil in 
ISUl from the l-'ifth waid. and- was for a numher of 
vcars Cons\dtinL: I'hysician to th<' New Jersey State 
I'rison. He is at present County I'hysician of .Mercer, 
lie is a mianher of the Mercer County .Medical Society, 
of which he has liccn I'l-csiilcnt. ami has hccn one of 
the Suruc(.ns at St. Francis Ilospilal for the past ci,L:ht years. 1 Ic is Suip'on to the I'emisylvania 
Railroad Company al Tivnt.Mi. In ISSd he was mariicd to .Mice r.urus, of l'hiladcl|.hia. His 
(itlice is located at -|-.i'.l I'ci'rv stivct. 




i'K.V.NK \". C.V.\ 1 W 1.1. 1.. 



J.mivs 11. Coofi;n, M.D., was horn at Itichhoro. liucks county, Pennsylvania, Noveinhcr 4th, 
l.S();i He received a careful eilucation at th<- Friends' School, near .Icnkintown, after which he 
conipletpd his education at Fasthurn's I'hiladelphia 
Seloet School. He then took a coni-sc at I'circe's I'.usi- 
ness Collcfie of that city, and in issi! entered tli.' 
.lefTerson Medical Colle.ue. from which he was t;railuatcd 
in IS^o, and in ISSli i^raduatcd from Hahneniann 
Medical Colle<,'e. After eompletini;- his medical studies 
he located in Trenton, where he has since heen actively 
<'n,L'a.i,'ed in his profession. < >ii .Imic -Itli. l>^>^i, l>r. 
Cooper married \'iruinia I!. \'an Horn, of Yardlcy. 
I'ennsylvania. He resides at "J-iS East State street. 
where he also retains his ollice. Hi'. Cooper is a 
modest, unassumini; man, and impresses one as hcim; 
more of a student than a man of the world. 

Josicni .M.vKiN Wi:i.i..s, ]M.I)., was horn in I'hila- 
(ielldiia, rennsylvania, April 21st, 1^57. lie is a tirad- 
iiatc of .lefTerson .Medical CoUefre, and lias practiced 
medicine since 1S7S. In Fehruary, IS.Si;, hi' was 
ap])ointed Medical E.xamincr for tlie Relief l)e]iartnieiit 

of the I'einisylvania Railroad Company, his duty hciui;- jamk.- k. i..«.ikh. 

to examine all the applicants for memhership in that 

(lei)artment and also all mendx'rs rejjorted sick. He treats only emei-<:iui'y eases. The ilistrict com- 
prises over two hundred miles of road and it keeps him husy. In 1 ns7 he married Evelyn (iove, 
of Trenton, and has one child, .leanctto M. Dr. Wells lias a heautiful and ])ieturcs(|Ue liome on 
Edgewood iivenue. His olliee is at the Relief Department huilding, on South Clinton avenue. 





ElUI-.NE B. WlTTK, M.D., OKT.A.fll. 



THE CTTY OF TRENTON. 



215 



EroEXE B. WiTTE, MA).. Oet.A.Cii., was Ix.ni a1 I'.clvi.lciv, Warrni county. New Jersey. 
He ciiines of intelleetual ( ieriiian stock. The national arclii\i's in iici'lin contain llic liistorv of tlie 
family, ilating six luindrcd years. His .i;i-aii(lfatlni-. William I.. W'illc, was the lirst re]jresentative in 
tliis country. In his early life Dr. Witte was at one time foreman of a laiye ]irintin,L' odice. He was 
i;racluateil from the New ^'oik lionKeop.itliii- .Meiliial ( 'olle^ic and ilo>|iital,recci\intr his (IcLrri'c in j.SSd. 
In May of tliat year hi' came to 'j'rcnton, and while acti\-ely eniiau'ed in the practice of his ])roft'ssion 
here he pursiied a s]ii'cial cour>c of study on the diseases of the eye and ear at the New York 
( )|ihthalniit' ('ollcii'e and IIos]iital. Thence he received, in jSSS, tiie de<;'ree of Oet.A.Ch. He 
makes a siiecialty of tlu' treatment of iliseases of the eye ami ear. hut not to the e.\clusion of general 
])raetice. He is thoroughly ilcxotcd to his |irofession, and linds his chief cnjoynu'iit in the most 
dillicnlt >urL;i<-al operations. Since locating in Trenton hi' has devoted a large portion of his time 
to special jiraetice in gyiuecology and ahdominal suigi'ry. He has performed many of the most 
delicate ojierations kimwn in the realm of surgery. l»r. W'ilte's standing is sitch that lie was elected 

to the Chair <if (lyiuecology in the ('le\ilnnd Homoeopathic Medical Collegi', hut he declined. 
As one of the incoi-porators (jf tie' Citv Hospital he has. sinci' its dedication in IS.SK, hcen the 
Superintendent and Surgeon-in-( 'hicf. In eonneition with the ho;-pit:d, Hr. Witte estahlished a 
Training School for Nurses, and was the author of tin' degree .Meilical and Surgii-al Nurse. He h.as 
for years hei'ii active in evei-y movemi'ut calculated to thoi-oughly train the professional nurse. 
Rocelitl V he has si'curcil tin' pM-~age of a hill, of which he is the author, through the .\e\\ -lersey 
Legislature which gives the right to training schools for nurses to confer upon graduates the ahove 
degree, leading the world in this matter. I>r. Witte is a inemhir of the Knights of the (iolden 
I'^a.ule and of the New .lersey Stati' Ilomieopathic .Mcdiial Society. He resiilcs at No. -lli") East 
State street, where he miived in IS'.H). 



.losEPH H. S.JiTTEKTHW.MTi;, M.l)., was horn at ()-\ford N'allcy, rennsyhania, in INoS. He 
attended first the puhlic school of his native county, hut his education was fm-ther ail\anei-d hy an 
attendance at Westtown I'xiai'ding School and 
Philadelphia Select School. He pursued a 
course ill honioM)]iath.v at the liahneniann 
Medical College, in I'hilailelphia. anil \\as 
graduated in 18So. Innnedi.itel v upon lea\in'j 
college, he commenced the practiei of his pro- 
fession in till' city of Trenton. |)r. Satter- 
thwaite hriugs to hi- pr.aetice a w e||-t laiiied 
I)usiness mind and a |icrfect sclf-ri'lianci'. He 
secured funds necessary for his education hy 
jiurcliasing small tracts of tiinhir in Ihicks 
county, which were <lcared and sold. In IS.SJ, 
lie marrieil Elizaheth I!. Simpson, of Falls- 
ington, Pennsylvania. His ollicc is at l.">'.) 
South Stockton street. 

Cii.Mii.Ks .[. CiiAYTiioi!.\, .M.l).. was horn 
in Beverly, New .lersey, Deccmhcr olsf, 1S.")7. 
He jmssed his examination hefoi-e the IJoaril of 
Pliarmacy in 1S78, and then took the course of 
the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, gi'ailual- 
ing in LSS."). He then saw a widei- lield of use- 
fulness in the lield of medicine, .and taking the 
reguhir medical course in the I'liixii-ity of Penn- 
sylvania, he was graduated tlierefrom in 1S'.)1. 
lie hjcated in this city, at No. 2112 Spring street. 
Dr. Craythorn has in him a deep love for his 
profession. He is widely read in science as related to tin- human hody. l)r. Craythorn was married 
June 7th, 1882, to Miss Ma \'. .Vdams, of Edgewater Park. Thev have one daughter, Ma V. 




.Insi i-ir H. s \T I i-i! I u\\ .\i 1 1:. 



216 



THK riTY OF TRENTON. 



MditAcK r;. Ndrto.v. M.D., was txini in IIi<:litsti)\vn, New .Ici-.-cy, March Itli. 1S58. Several 
of lii.s ancestors served as ofiicers in tlic American lievolution and were loyal siiji])orters of the 
Continental army. lie was educated at the Pennsylvania Institute, and later took a medical 
and scientiilc course at the University of Pennsylvania, whence he was <rraduatc(l with hii:h 
_ honors in l^SO. Immediately after rc- 

ceivinji- his decree, he ])ractieed in 
indaystown. New Jersey, there remain- 
iiit;- until INS'.I. wlu'U he came to Trenton. 
While in Imiaystown he became promi- 
nent in iJiihtics, heinjr a uiemher of the 
l!e]iuhlican ("ounty lv\ecutive Committee. 
I ie was named for the ollices of Surrogate. 
Shei-ilf anil Senator, hut in each instance 
del lined to run for ollice. Since living in 
'ri'entiiu he has taken a livi'ly interest in 
lucal alTairs. and is at present President 
nf the Mciard of Tradi'. He is Visiting 
Physician tu St. Francis Hospital, is a 
nienihel' of the XeW .lersev .Medical. 

.Merier County Medical and Momnouth 
(iiiuitv .Meilieal Scieieties. and was form- 
erly Presiilcut of the latter two. He is 
an honorary ineinher of the .New .lersev 
Microscopical Soc'icty. a mcnjlici' of the 
Siinscif the lievolution. Trenton .Natural 
llistm-y Society. Trenton Lodge, X(i, ."i, 
F, and \. .M., and is assneiate editor uf 
"The Mcdicus," of Philadelphia. IF 
has Keen intere.-ted in organizing the fol- 
lowing national hanks: 'i"he I'^irmcrs 
National I'lank, at .Mleiitown. of which 
he was \'iee President until FS'.)o ; the 
people's .National Hank of .New Bruns- 
wick, and the National P>ank of llopewill. lie is \'ice President of the New P)rniiswick haidc. and 
also Chairman of the IJuilding Conmiiltee, which i~ erecting the finest hank huilding in that city. 
Tie is also a Diri'ctor of the State Loan and Building Association. In ISS] he married Emma 
l)uncan. of Hightstown, New .lersey. They reside in their handsome resideni-e. at 12'.l East State 
street, where thi' doctor also retains his ipllice. 




JliiliACl-: O. N'lUTdN. 



CoK.Ma.u's Siii;i'iii:ni). M.I)., was horn .la una i-\- lidtli. ISi'T. of (juakia- parentage, in lUicking- 
ham townshi)), Bucks county. Peinisylvania. where he spuit his early life on a fai-m. liecciving 

a puhlic school education, he attended the Doylotowii AeailiMriy and |ii'i\ate scl 1 at New 

Britain. He taught for two years. He then entered the ollice of Dr. C. \l. McCoy, of Doylcstown. 
as a student of medicine. He took a course at the Finversity of Pennsylvania, and was graduated 
in the Class of "(il. He came to Trenton the twenty-second of -Inly, IStil, to engage in the 
})raetice of his chosen ]irofession. and on May ].")th. 1S(;-J. married .lemiie Long, of Warren county. New 
Jersey. For fourteen years, Dr. Shcphercl was activi'lv connected w ith Trenton's puhlic schools. l'"or 
tln-ee years he was Trustee and was also President of the J5oard. He afterward served as Superin- 
tendi'nt. For eight years he was a memher of the State Board of Ivlucation ; was for one year 
President of the Board of Trade ; is a memher of the Trenton Board of Health, and on -luly 24th. 
FS",I4, lu' was appointed a memher of the Statt' lioard of Health. He is President <if the staff of 
Surgeons at St. I'"rancis Hospital; a men[her of the New Jersey Historical Society, and is also a 
mi'mlier of the State Charities Aid Society. I'or several years he was Physician to the New Jersey 
State Prison, and during President Cleveland's first administration acted as Pension K.xamining 
Surgeon. In ISSil, lie was nonunated for State Senator, fiom .Mercer county, hut owing to his 
extensive medical practice was ohliged to decline the honor. 




C'OltN I■,[-I^^i SH l-.i-HKlMi, M.U. 



THE CITY (W TIIIONTON. 



217 



.IdsKl'll 1!. SiiAW, M.l'.. was liciiii in 'Pii'iilun, New -Icrsrw .laiiuarv l")tli. IMII. llrisason 
(if 1 )a\iil Shaw, ilcccasril. fMiim rl y a | iii iiiiiiiciit riti/.cn of llir |''ii-st wai'il. Dr. Sliaw rcrcivnl liis 
|ii'(liiiiiii.ii'v I'lliicatiiiii at llic 'I'lnilnn .Vrailciiiy. 
ami lati-i' itikI iiiriliriiic witli I M'. W'aldlmri; 
( 'iilriiiaii. Ill llir latter part nf ISS], \\r cn- 
tfiTiI the I'liivii^it V iif I'ciiiisylvaiiia. Lirailii- 
atiiiii ill till' Class iif 'S."). llr at (Uicr nluriiril 
til Trciitun ami cuiiiiiiciiccil tlic |ira(ticc nf his 
liroffssiduat ll!l Snuth Warivii striit. .MthoiiLih 
hv i.s tluirouirhly ilcvutril in his innfosicin ,iml 
cujnvs ail c.Ntciisivr |iatniiia,L;c', it ha,- not \ivr- 
xciiti'il Iniu froiii hciiiL;a<'ti\'i' ill iiiiiiiici|ial alT.-iii's. 
Ill' was cli-ctcil l-'rccholdiT friiiii tin- Si'i-uml wan I 
ill IS'.n. l)uriiii; his llrst yr.ar in the llnanl of 
l''rii-liiililcrs. Ill' scrvnl mi the ini|i(iit.-iiil cinn- 
iiiitti'i'S nf l-'in.'im-r. .\s\'liiiii ami Wiii-khniisi'. 
I'lHiii it< ni'Lianizatii'ii in May. 1S'.I'_', lir was iiiailr 

Pinrtnr.if thr linanl. In ]><'■>'■'<. \\r was llnllor.'il 

w itli till' miniiiiatiiiii fur .Mayor of 'rri-nton. ami 
after an cKcitiiii; con test was eleeteil to I hat po-i- 
tjon. For several \i'ars he seixcil in the .\ew 
.lersev National (liianl. ainl in 1 '^^7. was ap- 
Jioiuteil .\s-istallt SuiLieoll of the Se\-entll l!e;ii- 

iiii'iit with the rank of Lieutenant. 1 ii JMll'. he 
was hoiioreil with thi' r.aiik of ( 'aptaiii. w liieli he 
held until he resitiiied from the rcLiinieiit in 1 S'-l 1. 
J le !.•< also a uienilier of the Siiruvons' Stall' of (he 
Mercer Hospital. Dr. Shaw reside<at 1 IMSoiilh 
Warren street, where he also i-etain- his ollice. ji.ski'ii u. .sinw. 




Nki.so.n 1'.. ( )i,ir]l.\.\T, M.D.. wa> horn at rniontown, Fayette eouiily.^l'eiinsyl vania. .\|iril 
•J'.lth. ]>^'u. and is tlii' son ..f (hneial Sam ml D. ()li|ilianl. lie i> the liftli nieiiiher of a f.iinily of 

ten sons. At the time of his hirtli. his father ]irac- 
liced law at lii> home, rniontown. I'eiinsyhania. hut 
with his family reimi\cd to I'rineeton, New .Jersey, 
in I'Sl'iT. Here Dr. ( (liphant and his hrothers attended 
school. rei-ci\iiiL; his ]ircliiiiiiiary education, duriiiu' 
seven \ears ill the |iri\:ite scl 1 of .hilili Scliellck. 

He i-aiiie to 'Preiitoii with his parents in l'S74. and 
attended the State Model School, where he ]nirsued a 
spi'cial eniirse preparatory to the study of medicine, 
lie I'l'ad medicine with his preceptor, 1 >r, William W. L. 
Phillips. Ill the fall of 1.^77. he entered the Medical 
Department of the Fniversity of I'ennsylvauia, .uraduat- 
inu' tli<'r<'from in the sjirinir of IS.SO. Soon thereafter he 
entered a competitive examination for one of the posi- 
_^.^ ^^L |i,,ns on the stair of the I'hilailelpliia Hospital, as 

^^^^^P' ^fe^-«i*3P??dpH^^^^^ Uc.-ideiit I'hysiciaii. He served one year, and while 
^^^^^E /? ^^^B there, Lfaiiied such practical enahled 

^^^^K" '^^^1 him to ohtaiii a laruc and well-payin.i; )iracticc at Dani- 

^^^^^^^^^ ^^^>^^i|^^H Jilaee he removed after li'rin nf 

'^ service at the hospital expired. He remained there 

nearly four years, and in eoniiection with his privat<' 
pruetiee, acte.l a- .\.-sistant Sui-eon to the Seventh Ite'.dment. .New Jcrs.'y National ( luanl. lie was 
also Surgeon for the IVnnsvlvania railroad, which position he held until he reiiiovcl to Trenton, 




21 S 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



ill IS.S."). lie first locati'(l at Xu. llOWrst State stiTrt. at wliicli jplacr lie rciiiainc-i| until l^'.M, 
when lie jiurcliasiMJ tlic liandsniiR' pnipcrty at No. I'ci \\'cst State street, where lie lliiw resides and 
retains his dlliee. ( )n April 2".HIi he was a]i]i(iintecl the lirst Suriteuii (if the New Jersey Naval Reserve. 
On Seiitenilier '.Uli. ISS"), I >r. (>li|iliant was married tn Lucy. daULditer (if Williaiii Cnrwin, 
|irii|ii-ieliir <il' (■xlensive machine wcuks at Lamhertville. New .Jersey, and L'i'andilani.diter ol' .\shiiel 
W'i'leh. Mr. \\'el<'h was |ii-(innnent in New .lersey histiiry as ex-l'resideiil of the I'nited liailmads 
iif .New .Jersey, and was, liy priifessiiin, a ei\il eniiiiieer. l[e perfected the irreater pnilicm nf the 
entiinecrinu of the l)ela\\are and liaritan canal. an<l also inti'ciduced the liloek system u( signals in 
the Iniled Stales. l))-. ()liph;nit is a memher iif the .Mereei- Cunnty .Medical Society, and connected 
with the ICye and \',:\y l)epai1ment nf St. I'"i'aneis lliis|iital, nf 'ri-entmi. 



.Vnnisd.N II. I)KV, .M.l).. wa^ Inini in lli'^hl-lnwii. Niw .lei--ey, .lanuai'y Ith, l^'iT. i'"iir 
several ye.ai's he allended the \'nn Kcii— (Inei- I n-til ute. nf that pl.ace. lie delei-niini'd tn studv 
medirilie. and cnteleil th<' iillice nf hr. llc-liler. the niii~l pIMIiiinelil ph\>ieiaii of lliuhtslown. 

'I'lieri' he 1-emaiiied for two \-c,-irs. Dr. Dev 
uraduated from the .Medical Department of the 
I'liivei'sity of I'cinisylvanin in l^si. He 
started npon the pi'acticeof his piofi-v^inii in 
hisnali\-c (own. and I'cniained lliei-c for thi'ee 
year-, meetin;^ with j;i'atif\'ini; sueces>. In 
ISN") he mo\-ed to Ti'eritoii, and ojiencd an 
ollice at o.'17 .North Wai'i'en street, where lie re- 
iiiainc(l mitil .M.-irch. l>i'.l|. when li<' mo\-eil 
into his pi'e-ciit residenci — I'J.'I South Wai-nn 
sti-eet. Dr. Dey is a general practitiouei- of 
recoL;iii/.cd sl<ill and aliility. He has lieeu the 
examiner for llie Philadelphia and licadinu' 
l!aih-oad llelief Society. aii<l also pli\sician for 
the riiiladelphi.a and lleadiui; Kailmad Coiii- 
pan\- for se\-ci'al yiai's. Di'. Dey was m.aia'icd 
oil .luiicMli. iN'.i;!, to ("arrie I'ci'i-ine. of Dutch 
Neck. New .Icrs.'y. 

Kk ir\i:n 1!. llooioi.'s. .ji;.. M. D.. was horn in 
ISdl' on Mast lIauo\-er street, wlici'c his fatlu'r 
-till resides. lie was c(lnca1ed at the Trcnlon 
.\cadcm\- and studied medicine with his fatlua' 
and the l.ih Dr. Wool vertoii. lie also took a 
medical cour-c at the rniversity of I'ennsyl- 

\ ..sii.iMi. \:niia. ui'adu.-itinL; from |hci-c in ISS'J. .\fter 

his Lii-ad nation he served one yea |- in the I'niver- 
sity of I'ennsyUania Hospital, and afterward a little o\-ci- a year in the Ni'W .Ferscy State .\sylum for 
the 1 n>ane, in this city. h'oi- lud years he was associ.alcd with his father in Liciural pi-actice, and upon 
the death of his hrother-indaw. Dr. I'.rock. in Scptcmhei', ls^(i. Dr. ito-crs moved at once to No. UK) 
Perry street and succeeded to the oHice and practice of hi> l.itc lirothci'-in-la w. Hi' is still rc-idiiiLT 
at the same ]ilacc and has a lirml v-estahlished practice. po|- three years he was City Physician, and 
dnrinix President Hari'ison's ailministr.ation was Se<-i-ctary of the iioanl of \ nited States Pension 
l']xandners for the Second ('ohLU'essioiial District. He has hciai Medical !']xamincr for the lioyal 
.\reanum since 1SS4 and for the Order of the (loldcn Chain -inee ISSC. He is also Kxaminc'r for 
Sir Charles .Napier Lodue of the Sons of St. (icoi-t;c. and the Sexennial l.caL;tli' and a lai'L'e lUimlier 
of iiisuraiiee com|ianies. He was the lirst .Medical Kxannner for the Mi'tropoliian Insurance 
Coiiqiany in this city. Dr. i!oi;ers is a 'i'hirty-second Dei;rec Mason, and is a prominent memher 
of the Yoillij; Men's I'epuhlican Cluh, He is .\ssistant Suri:i-on of thi' Seventh PcLdment, N. (i. 
N. J. On Decemher Ntli. 1SS7, he married .lulia, dau.iihtcr of the laic William -lewell, a retired 
nicrciiant of I'riiici'ton. 'I'hey ha\e three children — ELsio, Harold and i;ichar<l I!. 




TIIK CITY OF TRKXTOX. 



2in 



William .Mr|). Silmllk, M.h.. \\n> Imhh in Sii>>rx cuniiU-. Xrw .lii-(\, AiiLinst I'.hIl iscd. 
He is a (li'sci'ii<laiit 111' an nM (lianian I'ainily. wlm cmiurati'i I In tlii- cnnnliv nvcr a ccntui-v ami a 
half atici. Ill- nccivcil a lilirral cilniMtidii in 
the Iliiili Srliixil (if his n:iti\r ((iiintw ami carh' 
rvinrcd a liking; for thr niciUcal |ii'iifis>iiin. 
Jlis father, hcini; a man nf Imnihlr imnns, \va~ 
iniahh' to assist him in prm-ui'iiiL; the iicc(>>ai\- 
kmiwlidav, so ^Ir. StriiMc cainr 1" 'i'l-riit.m 
ami sciaivcil a chaacal jmsitinn. This was with 
thr viow nf aciaimiilatint;' a siillicicnl aimmnl 
of luoncv to carry Jiini tliron^^h Ihi I nixci'^iu 
of Pennsylvania medical cnnr-i'. Alter li\c 
vears of hard work and ccdnnmical li\in'j- hi- 
hc>]ies\\erc realized. llccnici-crl thai instilii- 
tion in 1S,S2, and was iirailiiated with Imnm-^ 
in l.S.S,"). He then came In this <aty, and 

eiinnneneed till' ]iraetiee of his ]il'oh'Ssiun. 
To-dav, Dr. [■^truMe is a le.idiiiL: and <iii- 
eessful ]ihysieian and suii;eiin. Hi-- medical 
colleaiiUes have ackiiowleilLied tlii- fact li\ 
electinu him President i if thcTrcnlnn Medical 
Association. He was at one lime President uf 
the Mercer Ciiuntv Medical Sixicl \-. and fur se\-- 
ci'al years was Seeri'tary for this Society, lie is 
a memhcr of tlu' [iresent Hoard of Health, ami 
was City Physician for two years. ( )ii -lime ( 'it h. 
ISSti, 1k' was married to liachel 1 lull, nf 'Trent me 
Dr. Struhile retains an ofiice in ennneclinn hIIIi 
his residence at <i'.>l Snuth Proad street. 




\\ I II 1 \M Mill s riu 1:1 K. 



Pk\.l\ml\ W. .McCaLLIAL'H. .\I.I'., was Ihhh neai- Plidueton. .\c\\ .hi -ey. ( letnller (itll. ISfil. 

After receiving;- a tiood comimin-Mlimil cdiic.-iljnn. he entered llie ."-^iiiii li .ler^cy lii-litiilc. whia'e he 

-|ien| line \ear in | n c| la riii'^ fnr l,al'a\cile ('oIIcl;!'. 
.Malrii idalin- at thai inslitutinn in the fall nf I SS] , 
he |iiirsned the l,.-ilin-Scientilie eonrse, uraduatiiiL' 
a< line nf the hnnnr-men in the ('la-< nf '^o. lie 
then lan'.;lil fnr mie \c.ii- a |iiihlic .^chnol al .\ndn\cr, 
Snssi\\ ciuinlw New .lersev, after which he entered 
the Medical I ie|iartinent nf the Pniversity of Penn- 
syU.inia, i^iadnaliliL;- with iheClassof "Si). Inacnni- 
|iclili\e examinatinn fnr an a]i|inintnient nn the Stall' 
nf Pcsident Physicians of the Pn'shyterian Hospital, 
Philadelphia. Di'. Mctialliard was sncce-.sful in liis 
elToils. He remained there one year; he came to 
'I'ventnn and Incated mi South Uroad street. Shnrlly 
ihei-cafter. he remnved In his jireseiil locatiom 

I If. .Mil lidliard is thnrnui^hly \ei-sei| in medi- 
cine and surircry. He is one of the X'isitinir Stall' 
nf Physicians at St. Francis Hospital, to wliich he 
was appninted .\pril -"iDth. ISD'i. lie is Seia'clary 
nf the Mercer Coiuity Medical Society, anil acts 
'■-I'"- '^ ^1 '■ in the same capacity for the stalT of Physicians 

at St. Fr.anci- lln-pilal. Dr. .McCalliard is Incated at Nn. 'J I o Ivist State street, where he 

has a \V(dl-eipiipped and hantl.-omeiy-aiipointed suite of olliees. 




2-20 



THE flTY OF TUKXTOX. 



CiiAUi.F.s W. (iKi.'UV, M.D., i.< ;i native nl' Maine. liaviiiLT liccn Ijhiu in 'riinnKisInn in IXn.]. 
He was |irciiarc(l for collcjfi' at Pliillips Araili-niy. Amlnvcr. Massacliusctts ; at IlallDWcIl A<-ailiniy 

ami iiiown's iVcadcniy, at Auliiirn<lalc. Massaiiiu- 
si'tts. lie also entered Harvard University and t(i(i]< 
a roui-se at liryant iV: Sli'attun's IJusiness ColleL^e. 
in jlosliin. l,ater he studie<l medieine at tlie Boston 
I'lii vc rsity. iVoni wliieli lie received his de.L'ree in 1N7>>. 
i)i\ (lerrv connncnciM] tlir |ii'ncticc of his iirnfessicin 
in llie town of Kaston, ^htryland, and was tliere two 
yi'ars. Tlienee he came (hrectly to Trenton anil was 
cnuaiicil in snccessful |ii-acticc ahont seven years. 'I'hen 
for two years lie had an ollice in Ashnry I'ark, and for 
aliont a year lu' was located in Fenninirton, New. Jersey. 
Iiut iif late years he has airain heen |)ractieinu' in Trentim. 
!)r. (ierry is a I'eunlar and homieopathie ])]iysician 
.iml snrui'on. havin.ir stmlied iioth systems. He has 
ample ahility to ,<killfnlly treat any kind of case that 
eiinii-s nuder his car(\ In Xovendier, ISSi), he was 
niairied to Miss Bennett, dauLditerof Henry J. Bennett. 
one cif the leading Imnsi' painters of this city. I >r. 
t ierry's otliee and I'esidence are at .\o. 2o2 East i'^-ont 
stri^et. 




Cii.WiLEs H. Ih'NiiAM. .M.l).. was horn on a farm near I'iscataway. Miildlcs(>x eonnty. New 
.lersev. .March I'lth, \s:','.). His p.-itei'ual ancestors came finm En-land. In tln' year KiSl. 
l!ev. i'Mniund Dnnham settled in Middlc'Sex coinity. where he man-ied l^li/.alietli JJonham. 
and afterward estahlished the Seveiitli-na\- 



liajitist Chnrch. On the matemal line he i> 

descended from I'ontins Stell(\ of Fr.ance. 

whose son IJcnjamin. hoi'u in New V(irk in 

Ki.'S."], afterward hecanh' pastoi- of tln' I'iscata- 

way Ba]itist I'hurch, now Stelton. .\t the ai:e 

of sixteen years. i)r. I)nnham laitia-cd the 

chennst and a|iothee:iry sliup nf the late Dr. 

David ('. lui.ulish, at New lliiniswick. .Vftci- 

spendint; two years there he went to Elizalieth- 

])ort with ])r. Thomas L. HmiLih. ami on 

Sejitemlier Hth. 1 >>.")S. came to 'I'l-ciituii and 

aci'epted a clerkship with the late Is.iai- D. 

James. He has since resided in this city. in 

IStil he hegan the stnd\' of medicine nnder the 

late Dr. Thomas .1. Corson, and entiiid the 

University of Pennsylvania. fi-om which he 

i^radnateil in the spi'ina- of ISiil. Hi- passed 

an examination for Assistant Suriiciin in the 

army. There heinj.' no vacancy at the time. 

he ap]icarecl hefore a contract Ixiard. tl)en 

sittini; at Phihuleliihia, and )iassed an exami- 

liati(»n for Aetini.' Assistant Snrireon. and was 

asjsifined to Ilarcwood Hosjiital. Washinjiton. 

D. C, now the National Soldiers' Home. He 

was afterward transferred to the hosjiital 

steamer "State of Maine," wlieie he remained 

until the end of the war. He then returned to Trenton and formed a ])artnershiii with Isaac D- 

James in the drug and apothecary business, xuuler the iinu style of James it Dunham, and eoii 



CHAKI.K> U. DrNNAM. 




TIIK CITY OF TltKNToN. 



2-21 



tiniicil tlic same iiiitil Jaimnvv 1st, 1X71. Since flu- ilissoliition of iiavtnorslii]) lir has ))rcn prac- 
ticing; nicilicini' in tliis city, at liis dllicc ami residence, 121 Suntli Warren street. I ti-. Dnnliam was 
on the active st.alV nf St, Francis Ildspital I'di- se\-enteen years as I'hvsieian and Surt;e(in. He 
retiri-d friim active ser\iec .a few years aiLo on ai'cnnnt nf iH lieahli. He lia< alsn Keen ('(inntv I'hv- 
sieian an<l t "(innty SchiHij Sn|ierintendciit. I >r. Dnnliam. nn .\..\emlier ."ith. lS('i7. n)ai'i-ied .\nna 
I... danLihtci- nf the late ex-SheiilV AmnsSiekel. .M r<. Dnnhain die.l nn 1 )ecemhei- 2 Ith. 1^71. 



TnnMA- II. M.vcKKNzii:. -M . D. . is a nat i ve nf Nn va Sent ia. a nd Was 1 mm i n 1^17. IIereceiv<'d 
his classical ednc.itinn at tin' Dalhinisie Cnlleuc, Ilalifa.N. Nn\,a Scniia. and enm|ileli'd his medical 
eniu'se in 1.^71 at thcllarxaril liiivei'sit \'. He 
inn ncdiately came tn Trentnn. lncatinL:<in Cent I'c 
street. l)i-. Mackenzie is a ]ihysieian and snr- 
i;cnn nf ack nnw Icdi^i 'd aliilit\' and -kill. lie 
has heen ennnccted with St. l'"i-aneis llnspital 
fnr nver twenty years. He served as City 
I'lixsician tin-ee yea is. and Physician fnr Mcrcei- 
eiiunty three years. He is at present .Vttiaal- 
inii I'hysician at the Xiw .lersi^y State I'risnn, 
and is a nicinlier nf the .Mci'ccr Cmnity Medical 
Sni-iety, scrvini;- nnc term as I'l-csideiit nf that 
hodv. Fnr three years he was Superintendent 
of the Puhlie Selmols of the city, ami is imw 
one nf Trentnn's CnniiiMssinners nf Kdncatinii. 
As City Superintendent, he made a faithful ami 
efficient officer. In 1S7>'. he married Helen 
H. Briehanan. of this city. Tlicy lia\'e t«n 
sons — Eghert and Harold. I )r. Mackenzie's 
home and nllice are at No. IKi Centre street. 

.Vlto.n S. Fei.i.. M.I)., was hnrn in Tivnton. 
New .lersey. ( )ctoher 2Stli. ISC,.'). Cntil he was 
ten yi'ars n|l| he was sent tn the puhlie sehnnls nf 

theeitw hut al that timi' his fathei' diid and ~inec 

then he lias heen nlili^icil tn prnvide fnr himself. 

For live veal's he was u'eiieral ntilit\' lin\' in niie 

of his uncle's hi'iekyards, and dinani; .a part nf 

that time he was diliiicntly studyiiiLi' to improve 

himself so that he miuhttakea more eonnenial, and at the same time more lii<a-ati\i' po-iiioii. 

After working- hard all d.iy at manual lahor, he would altiiid the Treiiton lUisiness Collciie at ni^'lit. 

He made the \'( ry hest use of his <i|iportunities. and hy the time he li,id reached his liftccnth year. 

he had mastia'cd the course in the husiiiess coIIcl;'!', and was thoroui^hly |irepanil to take an offi<-e 

l>osition. lie then entered the einploy of the ( )tt t^' lirewer Company, and remaineil in their office ten 

years. While he was eimaiicd a< head I kkeeper in the Ott I'i.- lirewcr I'ottca-y Company, he was 

also studyint: medicine with I >r. W. (1. McCnllouiih. .\s soon as he had reached a pla<-e in his 
study whei'e lie thought he would r<'cia\-c tlie ^^'eatest heiielit from the ecjllcLre lectures, he LMVe U]( 
his husiness ]iosition and entered the llahiu'manii Medical Colleee in riiilailelphia. from 
which he irraduated in IS'.il. Dr. I''cll immediately located in 'I'reiitoii at No. 1 |.". Pei-ry street. 

He has already heen h red with an appointment as one of the Resident Physicians at the 

City Hosjiital. and has assisted in a nuinher of unusual anil very difficult (>iierations. He is a 
general medical practitioner and sur;,'i'on, hut is already takiuL' special studies in a particular hrancli 
to which he expects soon to devote himself. He takes a irreat interest in Free Masonry, and is a 
past officer in liis local lodiie and chapter, and a Knijiht Templar anil Mystic Sininer. He was tlic 
originator of the l'"ellowci-aft Cluh, which was organized ahout live years ago, and has heen its \'ice 
I'resident since its oriranizatiiMi. 




TniiM.vs II, M.\(K1.:n/.ik. 



■22-2 THE CITY OF TIJKXTOX. 

CllAltl.KS FnANKl.lN AliAMs, .M.I).. WHS li(ini ill lliidurtdii, .\i\v .icrsiy. .hily "itli. IS,")!), His 
line (if (losci'iit is from Jlciirv .\(l;uiis, of liinintrcc Dr. .Vdanis' iimtlic-r was Susan .M. l)iiiiiis, 
ilauiilif<'r (if J(H'l Dciiiiis, wliiili family ciiiiuratiil tu lliis country in the seventeenth c-ciitury and 
settled in New .lersey. .Mcnilicrs tliereof served with the New Jersey 1roo]is in the War of tlie 
lievolution. Dr. .\danis' classical e(]iieati(in was (ihtaiiic(l at the l'"annuii l'rc|iaratory School, 
of iJeverly, New Jersey. He afterward ])ursue(l a course at the l'liiladcl|ilii:i CoIIclic of I'harniacv, 
from which he was ura(hiate(l in 1S.S2. Tie ininiediately took U|i the >tiiily of niedicine, 
fjiraduatiiii.' with honor and receivini; his dcLM-ce from the JelVerson .Mcilical ('oIIcl^c in l.S(S7. 
I>r. Adams located at oiicc in the city of Ti'ciiton. and has hccii ]iraetiein.i,' jiere eontinuouslv, 
with the e.\ce|)tion of the few mouths which he s|ieiit in travel and study in lCuro|ie. At the time 
the horouirh of ChanihersliurL;' was annexed to the city, he was IJoroUiih Physician. .Vftcrward he 
was apiiointed Analytical Chemist to the Trenton I'xiard of Ifealth. At jireseiit he is the President 
of the Mercer Comity Medical Society and a mcliihei- of the New Jerscv State Medical Societ\'. He 
is ]irominently comiected w itli the Meivei- llosiiilal and also with t he Ti-cutmi 1 )is]iensary and is 
J'resident of the I'atholo.iiical .\ssociati()ii. He is an e.\-i'resideiit and the Mediial ivxaminer of the 
Order of 'I'oiiti and also ^ledical I^xauiiiicr of the 1\ niiihts of .Malta, In IMU, he had the lioiior of 
representiiiL; Cncas 'I'rilie, .No. IDl', I. O, 11. M., in the (Ircat Council Session of the lied .Men of 
New Jersey. In June, ISDi', Dr, .Vdanis married May Roheson, of this city. He has a lar.iic and 
very pleasant residence and olliee at No. 52 West State .street. 



CiiAiii.Ks U, l>rHi{or(iHs, ^[.D.. was liorii neai' I'eiiiiiiiLiton, Mercer comit\-. \e\v ,lcrse\-. in 
lS."i;i. His preliminary education was received at I'eniiiiii;1oii Seminary, after which he took a 

thoriiUL^h course at the Loni:' Island .Medical 
CollciiC. IhoMklvn. New ^'o|■k. whence he was 
Hl'aduated with honors in 1 S,s,"i. He immedi- 
ately recei\-ed an appoiiUmeiit as A.ssistaut 
Physician to the New .leixy State Hospital for 
the Insane, at Trenton, and for live years he 
presided ovel' the male de|iartmelit of that 
institution. Dr, ISurrouiiiis faithfully and eon- 
scientiou^h' |ierforiiied his duties, and as a 
lialuial result won the esteem and respect of 
the eni|plo\i'< and inmates of the Hospital. 
Dr. l'im'roUL;h> ha^ lieeii twice niarrie(l. His 
second wife was .Miss ( )smond, of Caindcii. 
whom he married I'diruary 22(1, IM'I. He 
1 resides at No. 22',» .Xorth Warreu street, where 
he ;dso retains his olTu'e. 

\\ii.i.iAM W", W'ooi.si;-!', M, D,, was horn in 
I'euns .Manor, Ihicks county, Pennsylvania, in 
isi;',l. In ISDO, he .uraduated from the IlaiiiK - 
maim .Medical College of Chicairo, and immedi- 
atclv located in Trenton. While Dr, \\'ool>cy 
hv no nicaiis ignores the |iow(i' of drugs and 
medicines, yet he attaches much irreater im- 
jiortinice to hygiene, dietetics, ventilation, suii- 
liglit, ite., than is common among physicians. 
He helieves that it is hetter to give as little 
medicine as possihle, and to see that othi r 
conditions ai'e favorahle to health, \\'orking under this liypothesis, he has heen excee(lingly 
successful, and has hecome correspondingly popular. He is one of the start' of .Medical .Vdvisel's 
of the City Hospital, and has assisted in some very important and delicate oi>erations which have 
heen performed there. In Juno, 1S93, he married Miss .Margaret .\,, daughter of William .Mills, a 
conti-actur and builder of this city. They have a very pleasant home (jn the corner of Chestnut 
avenue and I5utler street. 




eil.\i{i.i-5^ R. llriuiocdirs. 



THE CITY f)F TRKNTOX. 



223 



Hk.nuv M. JJkaT'IV. M.D.. was Ikji-ii al l.aiiilicil villc, Xru Jersey, T)<'cei]ilHT Stli, ISoS. His 
iiidther, Miss Kershaw, nf Mandiestei-, iMiulaml. eamei.i Aiiieriea wlieii six years (lid. and I'esideil in 
New Jersey mitil her death. ,\|iiil 17l!i. 1^70. ( )m the |,aliriial >idi'. Dr. I'.eatty is in diivel de.sceut 
friini John Beatty. who with his Iwci suns e.inie tn .\nierie:i IVum .Vheideen. Se itland. in IT'iJ. 
(.)ne oi these sons, (lei)i-i;-e. lueated in 'i'rentnn 
at tlie flint (if «hat i< now CiUidnn street. 
where he owned and (i|ieiateil a f(aiy on 
the Dehuvare river hetwcen 'Trenton anil the 
Pennsylvania shore. His hi-othi r. Ih-. (Ii.irles 
Beattv, Ideated on tlie I'ennsy 1\ ania side near 
the ferrv landing, and was the fallier of ( i( iier.d 
.hilni I'leatty. In ITTli. <leoi-L;c ISeally s( i\-eil 
in the Itevolutioii, liein" Conindssin-y and 
Foraue Coniinissioner to (ieiieral W'aslnnnton. 
It was lie who furnislie(| the means hy which 
\\'ashin,L;ton and his army ei'ossed tlie Delaware 
on that meiiioralile 1 )eeeiidiia' I'-'itli. 177l'>. 
Dr. Ileattv's earl\- davs wci'e ^penl in 
Trenton. After the death of his inothei; he 
])assed tin- folIowinL;' hve years on a fai'm at 
Dutch Neck. New .ha'sey. Titiis\ille and I'eini 
Valh'V, rennsyhania. He then remained two 
vears in Ilrooklyn. New ^'ork. In \s~'.)_ he 
hccanie a stndent of medicine nndi a- 1 >i'. W'alti i 
I'l. Hall, of linrliniiton. New .iii-ey. with 
w lion I he nanained two yeai's. He then (aileicd 
Jefferson Medical Colleu'e. eradnal inii t herefrom 
with honors in ISS.'i. He received the |irize 
for the hest oritrinal work in ex|iia-inient.al 
therapenties, and for execllenec in Materia 
Mediea. Shortly aftia' hi> i;radnation l»i-. 
Beattv located in Florence, New Jia'sew where he nanained until h^Mi, at which time he n inovc'l 
to Trenton, wIkic he is now iii'jaL:i'l in hi,~ |irofe-sion.al duties. lie enjoys one of the larjrest 
jiraetiees of any )iliysieiaii in the city. He is de\dtcd to his pro to- ion. and is a close student. Hr. 
Beattv is also a Liradnate in |iliarmacy. ( )ii .luiie lillli. 1SS7, |)r. iJe.atty married Kate, danirhtia- 
of Lnke Dovie, Fs(iuire, of Florence. New .h isey. 1 Ic has heeii .Me(lical Fxainiiua' for the Frudeiitial 
Insurance' Coiriiiany for the jiast eitiht years. He is also Medical l^xamima- for I'nit Coiineil, Royal 
.\rcannm. Dtirin.i: the years of iS'.tl and \S'.)-2 he lillcd the |iosition of .\nalytieal Chemist to the 
Trenton lioard of Health. He is a |j|-(iniinenl nKanhci- of the County and State Medical Societies. 

Ly:\i.\n Tji.wfrr, .M.I)., was horn in Norlliani|ilon, New Hampshire, in 1^-'1'_'. He took a 
eourse in the I'(am>vlvania Medical College, in I'hiladclphia. uradiiatin.u' in 1S.')7. W'luai the war 
liroke out he ent(red the Fnion aiiii\- as a Sm-ucon, and was connecled with the Seventy-lirst 
llejiiment (if New York N'oluntivrs. He was detaihd for hospital S(a-viec dnrini:- a part of the time. 
and was on the tiehl looking: aftia- the waumded and dyini;- the r(anainder of his term of service. At 
the elose of the war Dr. Deavitt located in Trenton, haviuL' his home and ollice at No. .")().") South 
Warren street, where he remained until IMH, wIhh he moved his family to No. ;:ili Chestnut 

avenue. Tie now has an ollice at holh places. Dr. LeavitI has lic(ai one of tlu' st successrui 

jihysicians of Trenton. He is a mm mix r and an ex-1'rcsidiail of the Merc(a- Cotnity Medical Soeiety 
and also a memlKa- of the New J(a-sey St.ate M( dieal Society. lie served as City I'hysiciaii for two 
years, and was County Physician for one li rm. He was a uk inlicr of the Trenton lioard of Health 
for many years, and for three years was a mendier of Common Council. In i>;-^7 he was elected to 
a seat in tile New Jersey Legislature on the i;(pidiliean ticket. In is-'i'.t Dr. l.eavitt married Mi.s.s 
Martha T'.ronson, of Bucks county, Pennsylvania. Three sons are livin- and are iirotniiient in 

Trenton— Charles P.., a jihysieian ; William H., of the I leadley-Lcavitl C pany, and Harry D., a 

clerk in the .Mechanics National Hank. 




M CNm M. l!l:.\ irv. 



■224 



TIIK ( ITV OV TREXTON. 




Imjnkst 1,. l)|('KiNsiix, ^I.I)., was lioin in Trenton, Octnlirr KItli, INiiCi. I'.y autlnMitic family 
rironls, he is iMiaMi'il tn trace his ancestnrs liack 1" the year 1(>")7. wlien tliey lirst came tn tijis cduntiy. 

J lis irrcat-^ramlfatlier, .Joliii Dickinson, scrvcil 
in tlic Kcvdhiticinary war. Dr. Dickinson 
rceeiveil liis i-nihmeiitary education at the Tren- 
ton iinl)lic schools, and later attended the 8tati' 
.Model J^chool. In considerini,' the choice of a 
j)roressi(in. he had early decided njjon meilieine, 
and in thi- year ISSJ he entered the Jeti'erson 
^fcdieal CollcLTc, of Philailelphia. ]5ein,ii a 
patient studtiil. and a careful, exhaustive reader, 
after the usual three years lie was graduated with 
liiiih honors lie then came l)ack toliis native 
town and eommeneeil the practice of hi- pro- 
fession. AlthoULdi recently enten'd upon his 
professional career, he has already ac(|uired 
siiniithiuL: mm-e than a local reputation. In 
April. IMll. 1)|-. 1 lickinson was a]]pointed ( 'ity 
I'hysician. J lis ollice is located at No. o'2~ 
l-:ast State sti-ect. 

N A Ai II. l,oii>. M.l).. was horn in liich- 
nionil. Xorthaniptoii eountv. I'cnnsvlvania. 
f'eliru.-iry l-'ltli, l^CI, When liut three years of 
aL:i- his pari'nl> ino\cd to llcthlehem, Pennsyl- 
vania, his fathel', I!ev. Isaac K. Loos. D. 1).. 
h.ivin.L^ heeii called to the pastorate of Christ 
liefornu'il Church. The Rev. Dr. Loos was 
one of the most prominent cler<;ymen in the 

Reforniecl Church in the Tnited States, lie was I'lcsiilent of its (ieneral Synod, and has held 

many hiudi jiositions in its councils. Dr. Loos olilaiiud his ruilimentary education at the puhlic 

schools of llcthlehem, i;ra<luatinu from the IliLih School 

of that city in his twentieth year, .\fter icavinir tlie 

Ilijih School he tutored in Latin with his father, and 

read meilieine with his preceptor, Di'. 11. !•". I'racger. 

He alsi) ]jvu'sued a coiu'se of scientilic stu<lit'S with 

sjiecial reference to the ])re])aration for his )irol'ession. 

llaxinu: thus receivcil an exeelleiit preparation, he 

entered .Tcli'erson Medical Colleu'c, of i'hila(lel|ihia, in 

the fall of ISS.-), and graduated from that institution in 

ISSS. Shortly thereafter lie locateil in the city of 

Scranton. Pennsylvania. ]\v remained there only two 

and a half years. On aecoiint of his desire for sjiecial 

study, he temporarily iravi' up his pi-.icticc. lie entered 

upon a course of lectures on diseases of the eye, ear. 

nose and throat at the New York Polyclinic, and 

Hnished them at the Philadelphia Polyclinic, where he 

trraduated. In a<ldition to this course, he entered 

Wills l\ve Hospital, Philadelphia, and hecame assistant 

to Dr. William F. Xorris, the celehrated eye specialist 

of that city. After reniaininu with him some time, he 

locati'd in Trenton in the fall of 1S!)(). at No. 2H8 Ea.st 

State street, hut sul)se(|Uently reniox'ed to his present 

quarters. No. 810 East Stale street, wlicre lie is now enjoyiima very la rue practice. On June2r)th, 188'.), 

L)r. Loos was married to liertha Carjieiiter, dauirhter of Ahram H. j'.akcr, a retired, well-to-do farmer 

of Martin's Creek, Pennsylvania. Mr. I'.akcr is one of the Directors of the Easton Trust Coiujianj'. 



i:KM>r L. lUi KIN.Si.N, 



1>AA( H. LI.I.J 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



9-) = 



James D. Ta.ntu.m, M.|)., was Imrii in Trcntdn, New .l( rscy, Fi-hruary 27tli, 1S.J7. I lU early 
education was obtained at the New .leivcy Stiili- .Mmld ScIkkiI, and in 1S7"2 he was ^n-aduated from 

the Trelltim lUlsineSS College. .\i'ter twn years" I'XJicrienee in the dlMILI' lmsini>s he entered the 

I'uix'ersity uf Pennsylvania and tdok tlie lull i li<'al e(]urse. !.ri'adnatinL: in 1X7>^ with huncirs. Hi' 

iinnieiliately returned to Trentim ami enniniiiieed praetiee at .Xn. •L''s South lli-oad street, where he 
remained until h^'.'i'. IIi' then removed his ojlicc ami I'e.^idenee to No. lIS | Hamilton avenue, 
where he is still eni^aLii'd in the pi'aetiee of his eho^eii jirofession. ( )n .May Ith. ISS], i)r. Tantuni 
was married to J'^lla Williamson, of llueks comity, I'eimsylv ania. who ilie(l Septendiei- Uth. 1SS8, 
leaving one daughter, Margaret W. \h\ Tantum is a im-mher of the itoyal .\rianum, and has l)een 
one of its ]\Iedieal Examiners for sevei-al years; he is also Meilieal Ivxaminer for at least eight 
insurance conijianies. I le o\\ lis considcrahle real estate in Trenton, ineliiilinu: his handsome resi- 
dence on Hamilton avenue. Several colleges have recognized his s('liolarship hy confin-ring honorary 
degrees upon him. 




Abel T. Brtehe. ^I.D., was horn in Cream Riilge, New .lersey. .lune 27111, l>;o7. He was 
educated at the Freehold Instittite and the .lohns Hojikiiis I'ni versify. He eiitcre(l .h^ferson .Meilieal 
College, at I'hiladclphia. and graduated there- 
from ill l>^>i('i. For two years he |ir:icticed in 
.hicohstown. .\cw .Ii'l'scv. and then came to 
Trenton. He located at ltit'> S|iriiig strict in 
ISS.S. where his jiiactice lias;^io\vn constantly 
ever since his arrival. 1 M-. llnicre has an 
engaging manner, which has \\(<\\ him the 
praise of his |iatieiits. He was married in 
iSSi) to .Julia M. Lighthoiii-iic, of Maryland, 
and has one child — l']lcaiioi' Louise. His home 
is his professional residence. 

El.MEi; ]).\i:\\is. .M.l)., was horn .lune 
••'.lltli, lS.-,(). at Langhorne I then called .\ttlc- 
horoj, Bucks cmnity, I'eimsylvaiiia. .\t till- 
age of eighteen, he taught school at ( Md 
Bridge. Middlesex coimtx'. New .Icrsev, for 
one year. The succeeding two vears he 
taught at the Trenton .\cadcmy, and at the 
same time read medicine with his |ireccptiir. 
Dr. B. B. Bogers, Sr. In the fall of |S7I. 
he entered the Medical Hcpartineiit ol' the 
I niviisity of i'enii~vl\',aiiia. and was giadu- 
atcd in the spring of |s7o. Jlis medical 
career was heguii in ('liamhershurg and Hamil- 
ton Sipiarc, hut he suhscipieni l\' rcimi\eil to 
'J'rentoii, wluM-e he has remained since |.S7'.I. 
On the twenty-eighth of Octoher. 1.S7.'), Dr. 

IJarwis was married to .Miss Harriet .\. Kogers. daughter of Captain William Bogers, of Old Bridge, 
New Jersey. Two childnMi have liecn the fruits of this happy marriagi — Mary .\. and Harold S. 
Dr. Barwis is a memher of the .Merer County Medical Sociity. and is a meiiiher and Medical 
Examiner of the National Cnion and .\ncicnt Order of riiited Workmen. He is also a |.n)iiiin<'nt 
Odd Fellow and Im-cc .Mason, and ha> represented the llcpta^ophs. in their hiciinial Sui)r.'me 
Conclaves, for the past si.\ years, held at New ^'ork City, .\tlantic City ami Uichmond. Virginia. 
From the time of organization until the ap|M.intmeiit of Dr. Lalor, a few years since. Dr. Barwis 
was Physician to the Deaf-Miltc School, and while Chamhershiirg was yet ;i horough. he was 
Borough i'hvsician two vears ; Ije was also a mciiihcr of (he horough's lirst IJoanl of IK'alth. 
0* ' ' 



i 



% 



AUKl- T. BlMKHF. 



riiAiTKi; x.wii. 




TUKNTONS C1A15S. 
Berkeley — Lotvs — Trenton — Elks — Turners — Young Men's Keitblkan Association — Demo- 

<HATIC TiEAGUK— f'oUNTV ])KM0(1!A(V — YoUN(i Mkn's IIeBREW C'LUB— CaTIIOI.IC ClUB — 

Ni:\v .Jkrskv HisTdiiUAi. Sdciirrv — ATin.Kiir Oucamzai'ions — Canui: Ci.riss — I''ii:i.ii Ci.ub — 
C'ATiiiii.if Ynrxc Mi:\'s AssdciAiHix ny Saint Makv's I'Aiiisii — Mi:k(|:i: ('mxiv A\'iiki;i.- 

•MKN — I'oTTKHs' CluI!. 

i;i"N"l"()X i< mil cssiiitially a town where cluli-lifr limls iiiarkeil ile\-elu|iiiieiit. 'I"lu_' 

llidusaiiil ami (iiic nH'tni|i<)litaii <-ciii(litiiiiis \\ liieli leail t" chilis ami eluliincn, arc 

j^ lackiiiLi. Xcvcrfliclcss, the social ami pulitical |iha.-es d' Treiitnifs life liave irivcii 

Ihc city some \-cry liaii(i<ciiiie cluiis, anil these, at least, are marked hy a Imuiitifiil 

hnsiiitalit\' ami a spirit of bna (■(iiiicritdirli' among tlieir iiieliihers. 

'iJ^'S^fe One iiF the most rccpntly-organizcd of city clul)S, and at the same time, oiu; 

\(S/'^ destined to liecdiiie seciind tn nunc in this State, is the iicrkelcy. Selcctiiii;' its 

^ c) name in hnmir nf T,(ird John IScrkclcy, mie of the original grantees of what is now 

2) New Jersey, the (irganizatinn, which was instituted for social and intellectual 

liiirposes, has ehnsen for its di'vice the coat-arnioiir of its distinguished namesake. 

The eluh dates its existence from Deceniher, l.S!)4, anil njinn the fifteeiitli nf March. 189-5. oeeu]iied 

till' entire second floor of the i$arnctt IJnilding, 24 East State street. 

Its (iriginaliii's were the fnllnwing rc]ircseiitative 'rreiitimians : .hihn Hart Brewer. John S. 
liriiughtnn, William M. ('oiiii\er. I'redci'ie .\. Duggan, Juhii P>. Fell, IJarkcr (luniinere, Joseph 1!. 
(dlkyson, .Mexandcr Hnnl. Antlinny K. Kuser. liudulph \'. Kuser, Benedict ('. Kuser, .Alfred 
l.awshe. .\i-lhur Mnnntfurd. -Inlin ( uiild Muirheid. ( '. Ivlwanl Murray. I'rank .\. Magii\\an. William 
Udherts, William liichey, (iarret 1 >. W. N'rnmn, Ivlwin Bdliert Walk<'r. .\lhanus L. Wdrthiiigtnn, 
Samuel It. .laipies. I'^ckfiird Mudie. Welling (1. Sickel. 

Its present dllicers — I'residenl. liarkcr (aimniere; Treasurer, .loseph I!, (iilkysnn; Secretary, 
William .M. ('inidver: wlm. tngcther with William lidlierts and Frederic .\. Duggan, specially- 
appdiiited memlicrs. fnrm the ( idverning ('dnimittee. Into the hands of this conimittee the ahsolutc 
ciintrnl and gdvenmicnt nf Ihc cluli is cdmmitted. 

The Berkeley Chih, ciijnying (he |ii-cstigcdf an hdUnrcd name, has its apartui(>nts fitted in kei'])- 
ing with its jidsitinn in thecitw Xnt only great care Imt much taste has Keen exercised in the 
artistic unities nf the decdratinus, resultant in a ]iai'licularly hai-ninnidus elfcct tlirdughdut the suite 
of nidiiis dccupied liy the drga ui/.at ii UK 

TiiK T.iirrs Club. 

From thi' did Trcntun Cluli the l.ntus Cliili. as at present organized, has develoiicd. Td a large 
extent, this prnminent city organizatidu is nut, in the strictest sense, a eluh. It is n^ally a Imdy nf 
gentlemen maintaining social intercourse, through this association, in a innst infnrmal and cunti- 
dential manner. Indeed, the Bdtus hears a vcrv close relatiduship tn the nld-time Wistar jiarties 
of Philadcliihia. 

The constitutidU shuws that 'Mhe nhject df the suciety shall he the prdiiidtiiin df literature, 
science and sncial intercdursc." 



TIIK CITY OF Ti;iv\l"()X. 227 

Tlic Presidents of tlio society — for sneli it really is — since its ineiiiiencv in the latter ])art of 
1^72 have heen Dr. . lames I!. Cohajiaii. .lainiai'v Ttli. I>i7;i. to ()etciliei' 27tli. 1^7.;; Alfreij S. 
Livingston, Oetoher 27th, 1S7:-;. td his (halh. l-"ehruary 1st, 1S7"); (ian-et D. W. X'muin. Mai-ch -1th, 
1S7-"), to Jannary 5th, ISS;; ; Charles Scott, .hiimai'v -"ith. 1 SS.",, t,, .laniiar\ 2il. iSMi: .1. Invert? 
Clancy, .hnuiary 2(1. ISSC, to .lamiary 1st. 1SS7 : .lohii II. Stewart, .lauuai'y l>t, 1S^7. to his ih'ath, 
March Sth, l.S'.IO; Ferdinand W. Roehlinv, .l.aiinary .".d, IVil. to .lanuary 7th. IVi;); .hmathaii 11. 
r.lackwell. .lanuary 7th, FSi);!, to date. 

The following is a list of the nieinhci's who have sinned the coii>lil iition or the ani-eement of 
original members: W. W. F. I'liilli|]-, .lames J!. Coleman, M.l».. Wi'slcv Cri'vi'ling, Tints. S. 
Stevens, Edward S. F:ilis, .Moses 1). Naar, Charles C. .Mil.oit, Henry S. Fittie. .Mer<-er Beasley, Jr., 
Charles Scott, .Samuel .\. Keimedy, .lohn ,\. Hall, Ca|itain Ivlwai-il M. \'aiil. ISeiij. F. \.vo, \\'u\. 
L. Dayton, (F I'. W. \'room. Chailes IF Skiriw, Jlenj. N'aii Cleve, Charles Carr, .lohn Tavlor, 
Alfred Reed, Levi T. liannmii, Wm. IF I'.arton. Edward F. C.iiii|ihell. Ste|ihen D. Dill.ave. Alfred 
S. Livingston, John II. Stewait, .lohn I!. I']iiieiy. Uuht. S. WOodi-nlT, (F .\. ,\ii.lerson, Fi'wis 
Parker, Jr., Randoljili IF Moore, Clark Fisher, .los F. Naar, I-'. W. Koehliiig, l!ichai-d !•". Sl<'vens, 
AVm. WTiittaker, Edwaid T. (ireen, .lohn L. Murpliy. 

Till': TuK.NToN Ci.rr.. 

This organization was oi'iginally a cluli di^votcd entirely fo liicycling. .and wa< the lirst liii-v(de 
dull evt'r formed in Trenton. The jireliminary meeting was held in the parlors of the Trenton 
House, on June <Sth, 1SS4, at which time an organization was elfccted. Thi' name adopted was 
"The Trenton Bicycle Clul>."" S. S. Staples was elected Presi<lent ; I ). Scott (Juintin, Vice Presi- 
dent, and Sherman P. Camp, Seci-efary. .\l thi' next meeting, .lunc 12th, I SS4, a constitution and 
hy-laws were adopted, and thus t lie Ti-eiiton Cluli was l.imiched on its cai-eci'. 1 1 did much toward 
promoting the interest of hicycling in Trenton, lieing tlien the mdy liicvcling chili in tlu' citv. The 
memliers rode the old "Cohnidiia (■ran]<'' and "Stai'"" wheels in those days and hicvcling then 
was not the luxury it is to-day. 

P.urroughs S. Rose was tlie fn'st Captain of the cluF and Fianklyn W. Whitehead was l-"irst 
Lieutenant. Suhseijuent meetings were lielil in pulilic lecturc-roouis until Septemher oth. l.S8o, 
when the club rented arnl fmnishiil ■■luxuriant" cpiartei-s at No. 1(I7 Fast Hanover street, which 
is known as tlie old Arcade ISiulding. In -lidy. issti. the cluh iemo\ed to its present commodious 
quarters at Xo. 26 East State street, the rooms formerly occupied hy the Foeliiel Cluh. 

In Sejitendier, 1SS7. tlie ejuli disliandeil and rc-organizi'd tlu' following Xovemher under the 
name of "The Trenton W'hiilmcn,"' the purposes of the organization remaining the same. C. 
Thompson Sutpihin was elected President ; (lai'dnci- 11. Cain, \'iie I'lcsidiiit ; Rolicrt \'. Whitehead. 
Treasunn-, and Charles T. Aaronson, Secretary. In .\pril, ls'.i2, an impoi-tant change was made in 
the purjioses of the organization. The constitution was revised, .ill the liicycling features of the 
eluh were expunged, it resigned from (he lycaguc of .\ineiiian Wheelmen and changed its name 
from ''The Trenton Wheelmcu " to "The Trent<iii Cluh," and the piirp<ises of tlu' organization 
were changed so as to eliminate the hicycling featuri's and make it ]iurcly a social orgainzation, and 
it has so remained, although nearly all of the inemhers arc still enthusi.aslic devotees of the popular 
sport — wheeling. 

The ])reseut organization of " The Trenton ClulC is as follows : President. (lardma-II. Cain; 
Vice President. Roliert \'. Wdiitehead ; Treasurer, .\i-lhm- IF Wood ; Sc(a-ctary. Walton .M. Watson. 

Trustees — Cardner IF Cain. Poheri \'. Whitehead. ,\ilhm' IF W 1. .\lfred X. I'.arhcr. Fraidclyn 

W. Whitelu^ad. 

The memhers (thirty-two in nnmlici-) are all well-known young Fusiness and professional men 
of this city. 

Till': ]'>i.Ks. 

Trenton Lodge, No. 105, lienev<ilent and Protective Order of Elks, was instituted X'ovemher 
22d, 1S8S. The lodge at fir.st secured ipiarters in ("[idcgrove iV Fdts" Iniihliiig, Xos. 2.'! and 25 
North Warren street, where the parlors were furnished in such a manner that they were jironoiinced 
to he the liucst in the State. 



•2-28 TIIK (I TV OF TRENTON. 

On .lamiary 11th, 1S94, the lixlfro moved into the jjmperty No. 88 \\'ost State street, wiiieh 
tliev hail pui-cliascil ami fitted uj) for their acconiniodatimi. 

]''ver reailv to assist tlie needy, the Elks were tin' lii'st ti> eoine tntiie relief <if the vietinis of tlie 
Johnstown calamity ; 8100 was suhserihed shnrtly after tlie news reaeiied the city, ami the Elks 
ininiediatelv formed a relief ennmnttc'e fur the ]iuri"ise of sulieiting sul)seriiitions and reeeivinjr 
elothinjr. A lienelit triven at the Opera House under Iheii- auspices netted over SfiOO, and a base- 
ball jranie, also arranjicd by them, seeureil .^MO nmre for the sufTerers. In this way thousands of 
dollars and a larjre amount of elothinsr, foml ami uther necessaries were eolleeted. 

The charter nu^mbcrs nf the luil<.fc wci'e Itichanl .\. l)iinnelly, Charles Slee, \\'ellin<: ( J. Siekel, 
Ernest ('. Staid, Francis T. O'Neill, Harry F. Sndth. W. H. i.inburir, Watson F. \'aii Caniii, A. E. 
Allen, ('has. II. ^■o^uvL^ Fred. 1", Kat/.iaib.icli, Hnrace liiddlc, .b..-. 1!. Shaw, .bilni Hart Hrewer, 
Elijah Mduntf.ird, Haniel .1. bcchtcl. .Manuel Kline, ('has. Y. I'.andunl. W. 1!. .b.hnsldn. .\. ('. H. 
Wilson. Henry F. Cook, l'"rank N. I'eilurts. William Itichey. S. T. .1. I'.yam, Fivd. I )n.i.',i;,-ni, T. II. 
Parry, Harry ('. Taylor, ('has. .\. Ui id. .1. I!. Cnx, T. N. Cninad, S. .1. .bicksnu, .1. S. Cleaver, 
H. M. Casi)er, C. T. Sut|ihin, Ivlwin Fitzgeorge, .M. T. l.aii-d. .\m:iistus l.a Ituc .\. .1. (^'aliill, 
Feli.x .M. O'Neill. Wm. Henry Kinms. .Ino. F. Siieclcr. H. .\. Donnelly. .In... H. Heil. l']. 1). I'.oyd, 
.Ino. C. Owens, Walt<'r l.emi.x. A. I!. I\u>er, W. S. Cadwalladcr. II. O. Stewart. E. !•'. Ibioper, 
.las. M( Dnnald, W. I',. Davis, .b.hn Itellstab, Eekford .Moore. 

The lirst ollicers of the lodge were as follows : Exalted liuler. Uiehanl A. Duinielly ; Esteeme(l 
Leading Knight, Charles Slee; Esteeniecl buyal Knight. Welling (i. Siekel; Esteemed Lecturing 
Knight, E. C. Staid ; Secretary, F. T. O'Neill : Treasure!-. II. F. Smitb : l-lsipiire. II. .\. Donnelly ; 
Inner (iuard, I''. N. I'oberts ; Chaiilain, Elijah Mountford ; Trustee, A. Fl Allen; Finance ('(im- 
mittee, \\'. S. Lenox, I^dwin I'"it/.george, Manuel Kline. 

The memliershi]! list includes many <if the leading citizens (if Tnaifon. The fullciwing are the 
oflieers : I']xalted liulci-. Wm. Y. .bihnsdn ; Seca'ctary. Ivlwiii I-'itzgcorge : Treasurer. Willi.am 
Foster. 

The F'lks' building on \\'est State street is the former .'-^. K. Wilson mansion, and has been 
remodeled and refui'nislied. The parlors are adorned with i-ostly pictures, whilst the mom devoteil 
to the lodge meetings is of part icnlar beauty. Dnriiiii the wiutei- ■■ Social Sessions'' arc held, wlieii 
the programme includes, as a rule, Treiitouians who are cntia'taiuiav. Tlie-i' lioin's of festivitv 
arc cxtrcmi'h' populai' features of local life. 

Tiiio Soci.M. TniN-\'i;i;i;iN. 

Upon the tliii'd day of .lunc, IS.")."), llu' Social Tnin-\'ei'eiii was organized in the old Hoboies 
Hotel, on North Wai-ren street. I'l ion that occasion twenty i brmans signed the roll : First Speaker, 
.Jacob Angermtdler : Seci-ctary, C. ICccles : Treasurer, 1'. Seliimmell : Fii'st Turnwart. .lohn I!oh- 
linger ; Second Turnwart, .M. Straab, and Zeugwart. .\ndi-cw Mctzlei-. ( )f those who signed the 
lirst roll but four remain ; .lacob Klcmimi'. -lohn liohlinger, Charles W oei'Ucr ainl .Viidi'ew .Mctzler. 

In a few months the societv removed to Keelcr's Hall, liroad and IIano\er streets, and soon 
enlarged the rules, admitting ]persons of other nationalities to become members. In IN-")?, the 
Turn-\'erein removed to a small building near Lawrence l''ai-r<'li's store on North Li'oad street. .\l 
this period athletics, in a small way, were introduced, and about lS(i7 Professor Louis 
(ieriehten, of St. Louis, was seeureil as athletic iiistiaictoi'. In IMiS, the Turners were 
located in Winter's Hall, where they conceived the idea of having a house of their own. The old 
.\mcrica Hose house on .Montgomery street and Peters alley was secured, and lifty mcndiers appeared 
on the roll. The society next moved to •■ Washington's Ketreat," on the .Vssanpink creek. Tin 
athletic instructors at this time were .\ndrew .Mctzler and .lacob Klemnicr. The growth of the 
society necessitated further change, and Captain .lohn Winter and Christopher Wentz were 
ajipointed a House Committee. In the fall of |s71 they )nirchased the old Turner Hall properly 
on Sotith Broad strirt from Peter Crozer for .S10,000. hi ls7-'>. the old Turner Hall was com- 
]ileteil and the Turners wi-re at last established in a line mw home. The old building cost 8."), 000. 
The new Turner Hall, the most notable building on liroad street between the .\ssanpiiik and the 
Court House, and one of the linest structures in the city, was dedicated October IHth. IS'.H. The 
society estimate their property to Ije worth to-day at least $()0,U0U. 



THE CITY OK TPvEXToX. 229 

Amoiiii- tlic yimiiL:' iiicii liclonuiiit;- tn tlic 'l\inici-s ;irr many iinmiiniiit athletes who have niailc 
sonic cxrcHi'iit rcronls, hoth hciv ami cIscwIkit. The I'xhiliitinn wliieh the Tnrners' class irivcs to 
the |Mililic at various times is liiLihly intere>tiiiL:. Tic Turners starleil a rillc coi'ps in 1S77 under 
connnanil of Colonel K. C. Stalil. hut ^ullicient interest was not taken in it and it dro|i|ieil out nf 
exi^teiiee liel'oi-e \rvy joUL^. What Was kuown as a theatci- section was another lloni-isliinL; feature 
for a time, in w liieli Colonel Stahl's sei-\iees wrvv vahiahle. I'oliee .1 ustiee Coutier was l'"irst S|)eaker 
previous to M 1'. ISlniiek. Mmiy |ii-ominent citizens ai-e included anion:; the minihirs. P'ollowing 

ai'c the ]iie<ent olliicr^ : k'irst S|ieakir, Henry C. lUmuk; Sii- 1 S|ieakcr, Louis /allies; k'irst 

Tuinwait, itiiiry Clark: Second Turnwail, Al. \'ialko\ itcli ; l'"inaiieial Se(a-etai'\-, Wni. A. 
Klemaiin ; Kccordiiiii Sei ictaiy. !•". 11. kaidchrock ; Ti-easure|-. A. C. Hammer; ZeULfwai'l. Ivhvard 
Metzlcr ; Trustees. K. C. Staid, (has. .1. Woerner and Wm. Zaniicr. 



Tin: YoiNo Mi:\'s Pii:in r.i.ic.\.\ Assoei a'iiox. 

The ^'ouiil; Men's He|inhlieaii .\s>oei:ition urew out of a niovenii lit startc(l li\ .lolni C. Owens 
anil Henry V. Smith, whicji. in the ilays of iniassociated l;e|iuhlicaiis in Tnnton. hail for its ohjcets 
" the perfecting' of a rcpri'seiitativc (irL:ani/.ation of the Itepuhl leans of the lity of Trenton. ]irovidiiiff 
a place for them to hold nieetiniis and for the purpose ipf ai-ousinL: and stimulatin'j ;;reater interest 
ill politics." The lirst Liciicr.al mectiiiL;. hy virtue of a call of thirty-nine siiiiiat iires, was held at the 
r.oar<l of Tiadc' rooms, in the hnililini; now o<'cn]iiid hy S. !'. Hinihani A- Co. .\t this 
preliminary mcetin.i,' a Committee on Constitution was appointed, coiisistiii'.: of William 1'.. .Mleii. 
Joseph 1!. (iilkyson. C. Alhert ilrcwer, William Kicliey, .lolm C. Oweii>. .\l the ineetinu to 
organize. William H. Skiriii was imaiiiinoiisly elected rresideiit : .loseph It. (dlk\soii. k'irst X'ice 
President ; Thomas S. (liamlMrs. Second \'ice President : -lohn C. ()weiis. Sei retary : C. .\. P.rewcr. 
Assistant Secretary ; Alluntiis K. .\llen. Treasurer; William P.. .\llcii. Henry P. Smith. Waltia- S. 
Lenox. William A. .MacCrdli-h. William S. Covert. Trustees: II. V. Pakcr. .lo.,ph .M. .Moii-ar. 
Charle- A. .May. Mcmlicr-hip Committee: F. C. Crillilh. C. .\. Prewer, Joseph P. Cilky.son, 
Saninel .1. .lacksoii, (Jiarles 1). Waters. .VuditiiiL: Committee. The name decided upon at this 
time was ■■The 'N'otinu; .Men's Pepnhlican .\ssoei:itioii of the City of Trenton." The second 
nieetin.L' ( adjourned i was upon the t\\enlielh of l-'chrnarw PS,s;i, when the Poom Committee's 
report, reeommendiliL; the suite of rooms in the Pippolt PiiildiiiL;' al f^^JoD per annum, was adopted. 
The association reniaiiicd in tliis liiiililiiiL: until they rciiioxed to their present ICast Hanover street 
edifice. .\t a iiicctinL: held July loth. 1SX|, a mw constitution was adopted. 

This association was one of thi' most potent factors in lirint;inu' ahout the <'haiiL;e in municipal 
.irovcrnnicnt. Ii\- the lepnlilican successes of .\pril. ISSIi. followed hy thi' '■sweep" of 1S,S7. In 
.\pril. 1SS7. oec-iirrcd the i;re.at ■■ s\viep," and a reception to Mayor-elect I<"rank .\. Majrowan was 
held. inauLiuraliiiL: this -\ ^li'iii of recot^nit ion of the siii-ccssful camliilate. The rooms were opened 
aliki' to penioerats and Pepiihlicaus. and wi're heautifnlly decollated with ]ialnis. Ilaiis and plants. 
Two himdred memhers and t;iiests were present, anioiii; whom were many of llu' Democratic 
leaders. Speeches were made and Liincral nood feeling- prevailed. This was the lirst liepuMican 
Mayor elected in Trenton in twenty-six years. His majority was l.OP^. 

In Psitl. at a meelini; held ( )ctoher ■_'7tli, William H. Skirm. of the CommitI mi Chih ilmisi', 

reported ■'that the Dunn property. No. P!',) l-last Hanover street, had heeii purchased for a few- 
dollars over .SlI.oOD," and it was resolved that the associati<in indorse the a<'tion cif the coimniltee, 
and that tin' committee ]iroceed with the matter of having' the association incorporated, in Xoveiii- 
l)cr, PS'Jl, (he association was incorpor.-itcl under the act of M;n'(Ji ■27th. I>;7>'. Al this time the 
name '-Association ■' was siricken out for that of ■■(Juh." The money foi- the |.nr(hase of the 
Dunn property was temporarily advanced through the liherality of William 11. Skirm, and a <-i>m- 
iiiittee to siJicit snhseri|itions was ap|ioiiited. The cliih theren]ion issued a series of .SlOO lionds to 
be used in payinu- foi- tin- property. The liotlse was furnished hy suliscription. 

Of the ollicers, Frank A. .Ma.L'owan (-onlinned in the Presiiieiicy until January. PS'.):',, when 
William S. Hancock was elected Pi-esideiit ; John Pcllstah. Vi<-e President : C. W. Tliomp.son. 
Secretary: Charles P. Prown. Treasurer. The ]iresent ollicers of the cluh are the fiuir ahove meii- 
tion<'d, who have, since PV.);;, Peeii re-elected, tog<;llier with the following; Trustees: William 11. 



2;;o TlIK (ITV OK IIJKNTOX. 

Skinn, Tliuiiias S. Cliniiilicrs. I>;ii-kcr (liuiiiiHrr, Jolui W. Cornell, Alexander ('. Yanl. I'ielianl P. 
Wilson. I'Mwanl S. Parkinson. 

The cluK-liouse is a tlirce-story liriek, with a two-storv e.xtonsion, on a lot forty feet in frontajje. 

On the tirst tl • are the jiarlor, reailiiiir-iooni ami janitor's i|iiarters. On the second lioor arc the 

liath-rooni. hilliard-rooni and jrMnie-rooni. On the third floor are Trustee and coniinittcc-rooms. 

The rooms are |iarticularl\- worthy of notice, from .in aitistic staiid])oint. The large, tiled 
vestihule, with sidi' medallions of l.ineoln and (irant, and a .Mosaic floor containin<r "1!. ('." in 
stone, leads throll.<;h cherrv doors, with plati' t;lass ami monoifram thereon, to a wide hall. To 
the left are the |iarlors. furnished in while and ,iiold, the walls Ijcing adorneil with |iortr.-iits of 
151aine, Davton, the elder; Lincoln, W'ashinjiton (after Tloudon), (Irant and Sewell. A han<l- 
colored ]print of " ('lav Addressinjr the Si'uate" and a re]iroduction of the celehrated ])aintinir 
•• W'ashiuirton ('rossin<r the Delaware" are also a1tra<-tivi' featni-es. This i-oom is litihted hy elc'c- 
trieitv and <:as. In the anodes of the eeilinu- panels are the heads of 1,ol;:iii. llaneoek. Fai'i-aiiUt. 
Sherman. W'asliiuirton. Lincoln, (irant and ( Jarfield. The iiailiiip-i'oom. luxiu-ionsly fui'iiisheil, is 
at the end of the hall. The se<'onil story is de\'oted to liilliai'il and Liauu'-roonis, whilst the com- 
mittee and Trustees' aiiartments occU]iv the third floor. Path and toilet-rooms complite the mem- 
hers" ])ortion of the house. Th(\ianitor"s a]iartnients are in the icar of the huildiuir. A remarkahlc 
fcatiu'c of tlu' life of the cluh is, that liamliliiiL; and the sali' of any kind of intoxii-atinir liijuor arc 
positively prohihited. 

The eluh-house is, in short, one of the finest houses of its type in tlu' .State and is e(iuippi'd 
with taste ami wisdom. 

l)KMo(i!.\Tli 1,KA(;IK. 

The history of the ^'omlL: Men's |)emoeratie l.eaaue may he traced (o the licuinniiiir of the 
l)i-mocr,itic Pioncci- ('or]is. This latter association dates from th<' lampaiiin of \>^~'2. when cx-Maynr 
Daniel. I. IJechtel first ])lanned and I'arricd into elfect the oriianization of the I'orps. It is still in 
existi'Uce umler the leadership of Captain Frank .\llairc. ami has i;rown in memhership from six to 
sixty-cijrht. In the eai-ly days tlu' cor]is met in the Harnett PnildinL;-. and latci- mo\-ed to the 
Slircvc Puildins:. 

In the campaiirn of issn. some of those acti\'e spii'its interested in the loips. pidposed a 
]permaueut oriranization of the Democracy. Asa result, the Vounp ^[(>n's Democratic Leatrue. with 
thirty-five orL^anizers. was instituted. lt< mcinhership is now two hundred and fifty. The leai;ue 
met in the eorjis-rooms. in the Parni'lt liuildinu' and in the Shrcvc PnildinL;-. I'pon the first of 
.\|)ril. IS'.IO, the Demo<-ratie l.eaLiuc occupied (lie Ddlfou residence on North Warren striM't. which 
has since heeii its headiiuai-fers. In this cilificc the linL;nc. which is a stnuiL; and iiillucntial liod\- 
of the city Demoeracy. has .-m enviahlc location and home. The house itself is will adapted foi' 
political assemhlaires. rceejitions to prominent party men and similai- purposes. It is fitted tliiouiiliont 
in a plain and sulistantial manner. The lea,ane has accomplished a vast amount of pnliiical u>cfid- 
ness. The present oflicers of the Dcmoia-atic l,ea:;ue ar<' .lames II. Wilson. Pre>ident : Harry 
Provost, Seeretarv ; llaiiv W. Slack. Ti-casiu'cr. 



Tni-: Mkixmkr ('o^■^l'^■ Dk.mocuacv. 

Pursuant to a call inserted in the "True .\merican."' that the Democratic voters of Mercer 
county shotdd attend a Tneetin,i: for or.uanization. the cluh started it.- existence u|ion the first of 
Se|)teml>er, IN'.)]. Auionj; those iustruuu'Ufal in this initiatoi-y movement wei-c Petei- .\. .Mc.\uley. 
Ivlward Keailinjr, Patrick Pruther ami Philip .\. Tallon. Of the oiiicers for temporary or<ranization 
we find the Chairman was Sannu'l Cannnade, and Secretary, Charles Cassidy. I'pon a i)erinaiU'nt 
or.i;:inization (here were elected President. John Priest ; Vice President, (n-ori.'c Murjjhy ; Recordius; 
Secretary, William Fitzjjihhon ; Financial Secretary, Charles Cassidy ; Treasurer, James I5ruther. 
The (iovcrnin},' Committee was com]iosed of Samuel Caminade, Edwanl Peadinu, Michael McDade, 
Peter A. McAuIey, Thomas Cahill, Patrick Pruther. Thomas Ahhott. .lohn Crimes, Rohert Convery 
and M. A. Smith. The iiresent oflicers are: President. John Priest: Vice President, Kdward 
Reading; Recording and Financial Secretary, Frederick II. Kndehrock, Jr.; Treasurer, .James 



THK CITY OF TUKNTON. 2:'A 

Brutlicr, and this Governing Coniniittec : Joseph McEvoy, Michael Cullins, 'I'luiinas Wclih. I'atrirk 
Dianiciml. ?3<l\vard Mahcr, Thimias Henry, Thomas Al)h<)tt. Micliail .McUadc, I'atiick Bnithrr, 
II. S. Urriinan. 

The first niectinL; was hdil at Xn. Ill I'cn-y street, hetweeii I'.road and Warren, mi the suuth 
side, wliieh place is still the headipiailei-s of the i lu)i. 

The purjioses nf tliis well-knuun uriiani/.atiiin are politieal, sneial ;ind recreative. The (|Ualitics 
necessary tor eliirihility are that a piiispeetixc hk nihei- miisl he a white male perseu dlt^ddd ^talldinii■ 
and charactei', of tln' ai;e of tucnly-nne, and a hehe\cr in and suppuiter nf I )eniciei-atie principles. 
The cluhdinuse is a M'ell-fin'nishcd, cdnnniididus. tliree-stdi'\' lu'ick Imildini:. .\ liaseinent is dci-u- 
pied h\' a jauitdr. The Hi'st tldur cdusists df une rudin, handsdine]\' l'ui-iiished, and used as a jiarloi' 
and nieeting-nidni. The secdnd lldor is ilivided intd three apai'tinents, consistinu of tdilet, readinir 
and consultation-rddnis. The third lioor is a large, f'urnislied reioni, useil exelnsively for games. 



Tni-: ^'dr.\(. Mi:\'s IIi:i;i;i:\v Ci.i i;. 

FdV a veai' past the \'dniiL: Men's llcln'cw ('hili has lieen in existence, haxini.' a nieniliei-ship 
of alidut thirty. The cluh-rddiiis arc li]cate(I at 'Jli l-'ast State street, and are furnished with niiicli 
taste. One of the distiiiiiiii^hiiii; featni-es df the ehih is the lihr.aiy and I'e.idinLi-rddni. whicliwitli 
the social features renders ini'inlicrship paiticidai'ly eujdyahle. The tdlldwinu are the dUiceis and 
coniniittces : President, Samuel Kahn ; \'iee I'resident. I'>ph. I'lild ; Ti-i'asuici-. .\he Sci^icl : Seci'e- 
tarv, .lacdli Uermard ; Financial Sciaelary. 1 >avid Mandel ; SerL:i'ant-al-.\inis. l)aii lilock : Ildiisc 
Cdnimittec, E. FuM, 11. l'>ltinL!, .1. l,e\y : l-aitia-taiinnciit ('dunnitlee. 1'. La/.arus. .M. ( iiannliachci-. 
.1. Kahn; hilirary ( 'dininitti-i', ,M, l-'uld, ('. ('dim, -1. liermaiil ; .Mendiership ('dmmitlee, I ). lUdck. 
II. Frank. 

Tnio ( '.KTUdi.ic ( 'i,i i;. 

rpdU the twent\'-thii'il (la\' df.\u.i;ust, IS'.M. thi' cdrni-r-sldiie df the ■■('athdiic Chili'' Imiise 
was laiil. This handsdine structure is sitiiatcil npdii tin' south side df tlie ( huich df the Sacred 
Heart, and was tlie tir.st huilding ever crceti'd in this city dc\iiti'd exelusi\ely td the sdcial purposes 
of memhers of that religions organization. 

The clnh-house is a spacious luiilding nf the s.iiiie st\le of architectiii'c as the church. The 
walls are of grav stone, tin' Ih'oad street facade hcing two.-toi'ics in height, luit upon ( oopcr street 
thrt-e stories a]i])ear. The copings and window arches arc of clalidiately-carved Indiana limestone. 

.\o w Iw'ork is to hi' seen on the exterior, exceptinu the winddW fiaiiics. .\ wide hall leads tn the 

sjiacions jiarlor and lilirary. .\ liroail vci'anda extends ardiinil tln' iihraiy, wliicli idoin. devdted td 
literarv pursuits, Cdiitains dpen rircplaccs, with nianti'ls df I'diiipeian livlrk and c:ir\'ed dal<. .\ 
gx'mnasium, well ecpiippcd in every partii iilar, d<( upies the jdwcr lidor. The second story is 
devoted to the jiurposcs of a liilliai-d-i'oom, which opens npun aiiolhci- hi-oad Ncranda. Cpoiitliis 
lloor is a reading- room, toilet and dressing ap;iitinents. .\i-c.ide^ (h\ide these rooms, which are 
all I'lalioratelv furnished, making the cnlii-c structure one of lliellnest clulehoiises in the southern 
portion of the Slate. 

Cpoii till' day of the conicr-stoiii' laying, llie llighl IJcNcrciiil Mdiisignciii' .Mel )onnell. df Saint 
Patrick's Cathedral, New Vurk City, dllicialed in the stead df the late I'.i-liop .M iehael .1. O'Farrell. 
A parade of all the Catholic so<aetics |irccedcil the exercises. The l.itany was chanted, and the 
choirs of the Catholic churches reiidci-cd the ■■Cloria" fnnii .Mo/ait's Twelfth .Mass. .\ddresscs 
were made liv the Rev. Father lld;.^aii and Maxnr I'aniil .1. jlechtcl. 

The ansjiicious corner-stone sei-vice was littingh' commemorated in the dedication of tlic hnild- 
ing, which oci-urrcd u])on the tenth of Xovcmhcr, 1S!)2. The feature of this ceremony was the 
address of .lohii . I. Clear\-. of the ■•.\dvei-tiser," to Pisliop ( )' Farrdl. Mr. William . I. Convcry was 
toaslmastcr. 

The life of the cluhislioth sdcialand intellectual. I )urini: the wintci' and parti<'ularly \ipon 
•■Ladies' Nights" the Fyceuni Committee a |-rangcs foi' lectures upon historical, political and scieii- 
tille suhiects, which ari' usually delivered hy promineiit Ti-entoiiians, Indeed, every elforl is made 



'2;W THE CITY OF TllENTOX. 

that this dull slimiM lie an attractive and popular feature iii' tiie life of the lueiiihers of the jiarisli. 
The success of the venture leaves nothing' to V)e desired. The following is the list of odieers of the 
cluh as at pi-esi'iit constituted: Itev. Thaildeus Hofjan, I'resicU'nt : .John .1. Clearv, |-"irst \'ice 
I'ri'sident ; Win. .M. .laniicson, Second N'icc Prcsiiient ; Thomas Durnaii. iircoidiii'.' Secretary ; 
Patrick .\. Durnan. Financial Secretary; Tlionias Oaniphell. Treasurer: !■". -I. 'i'anis. Lihrarian ; 
Tlionias l)unon, .\ssistant i.ihrarian. The P>oai-d of ( Governors are : Wni. .1. Conviiy. President; 
F. W. Kcciran, Secretary: !■". .1. P>irt, Daniel Desmond. i[eiu-y .^hd,;^^Lddin. Wilham T. W'aldron, 
Patrick .M<-I\eever, Henry (raw lord, .lames Newell, 

.\i:\V .1 HUSKY HisldlMCAL SociKTV. 

fpon the seventeenth of May, in the city of Newark, the New Jersey Historical Society, with 
becoming ceremonies, celebrated its fiftieth anniversary. The illustrious record of a semi-centen- 
nial during whieli time its large and jiriceless collection of books and mementos of the past have 
been secured, and its jiublications have been issued, commcniTd in the city of Trenton. The roll 
of honor, datc<l the twenty-seventh of I'^ibruary. \X\'>, and which was signed in the State t'ajiitol, 
is as follows: .loscph P. Bradley. Newark ; (Icorge Clinton I'tish. Trenton: l!i'\. Dr. Jonathan 
Cogswell, New liruhswick : l!iv. Fly !•'. Coolcy, Ticnloii : Pt. Ucv. (leorge i)oaiie. P>urlington : 
Kichard S. Field, Princeton : Ilein-y W. (iiccn, 'I'ri'iiton ; ,\rcher ( >ilYoi-il. Newark : Thomas (iordon, 
Trenton: Ivlward Harris, 'I'reiilon : Samuel 1!. Hamilton, Trcutou : Cliailes King, l"]lizabeth ; 
William P>, Kimii'W .Xew.irk : l!ev. .\aroii .\. Mancllus, l-'icehold : lJe\, Daniel \'. Mrl.ian. I'ree- 
hold ; Uev. Dr. Nicholas .Murray, Flizalielh : Corllandt I'arkei-, Newark ; Uiv, .Vmlrcw P. Patterson, 
Princeton ; Charles I,. Pearson. Ti'entou : Stacy (1. Potts. Trenton : .loscph V. Pandolph. Trenton ; 
\\jHi;im P.. itobcson. Pclvidei-i' : Cliarle> C. Sti'atton, Swedesliorougli : Di'. .lonatlian .1. Spencer, 
.Moorestown : William .\. Whitehead. .Newai'k. In the inception of the -ncicly. it was designe(l 
that its meetings should beheld in this city. an<l that its collections should be stoi'ed iu the State 
Caiiitol. I'-ast .lersev. and parlieulaiU Newark, being moic intci-cslcd in the wni'k of the oigani/a- 
tion than were Trenton and We^t .lei'scv. the Miciely ^oon becami' pcrmaiu-ntly located on the 
banks of the Passaic. Since then it lia> ginwii into a most inlhu'Utial institution. 

,\ rin.i;!!! ( )ia.AM/,A'i io.\s. 

'I'rcnton in athletics foinici'ly occupied a more pinminent place than at present. .\ decade 
since the national game of base-ball, together with a crickit club lni-gel\' emnposed of English 
potterv operatives, were phases of the athletic moxcment. To-(Li\. howiver. these associations are 
mere memories. 'I'he college and pi'ofi'ssional games at Princeton. Philadelphia and New ^'ol•k, 
with varied attracti<ins, ha\'e renderc(l attempts to make 'i'renton a ceulci- foi- athletic entertainments 
almost futile. l-'vi'U the ''Trades l.cagues " wile a practical failure Tln' la-t noted event in this 
I'ilv was till' l'ni\ crsity of Peniisyl\-aiiia-Prini-cton t'ool-ball game, when the ited and Pbie defeated 
the Orange and Plack. on the I nter-State {''air grouiHb. Thiswa^ in November. I'^'-'l. Whether 
oi' not the ell'orts to make 'i'rcnton the meeting place belween rival teams will succeeil remains to be 
seen. The athletic amuscinents which liaxc the slrongot hold upon the eilv are c\'cling and canoe- 
ing. Tlic latter is especially ]iromineut. owing to the charaetia' n[ the Delaware river, with its near- 
by " Falls," rapids and smooth. wi<le intervening channel. The ra|)id-transit facilities to boat- 
houses are also w<irtby of ]iarticular mention, w hilst the low-lying banks of the river alVord facilities 
for the ea.sy and chea|i erection of club-houses. 

Canok Cubs. 

Canoeing on the I )elaware river owes its origin to the late Will i.im .M. ( '.irter aiic] .'^amuel ( b Fur- 
man, who lirst paddled their craft through Trenton Falls in 1N7'>. l''or a long time they followcil 
this diversion, practically alone, and it was not until 1SS4 that tlu' Trenton Cauoe Club cann' into 
existence. Its founders were William M. Carter, Kobert C. l.ueas. l''i'ederick I'"'. C. Womlward, 
Frank \\", Siglcr and .iohn .\. (iallavan. and from this lirst organization the history of the present 
canoe clubs may be traced. Within the next b'W years " unattached '' I'anoeists were to be found 
u]ion till' river, Imt the social aspects (if thesi)ort soon led to more elTcctivt' organization. The many 



TlIK (ITV OF TRENTON. 233 

ii>lvanta};c8 i)f the 1 )rla\\;irc lor this s|iiii1 led tu tlic nr-anizat i' in cil' tlic I'ark Island ('andcinii Asso- 
ciatiiiu, whicli was inciir])()ratcil -Inly l'-JiI. ISS'.I, with tlir fi)ll(i\\in,i; 'I'rnstri's : I'jlwafd 1). Aniha-SdU, 
Kllswcirth E. BodZ, HrniyC. Buchanan, .1. Walla<c HofTaiid Ficd. F. ('. WiMidwaid. 'I'lic Bivsidrnl 




I'AHK Isr,AV!) Camp. 



was William M. Carter, and the Srciitaiy and Ti-casni-ci-. William ('. Lawrence. Thenliject nf tie- 
association is the develii|inicnl and (iilti\:it iuii (if manly s|i<iits. iMniiiL: the suniniei- nf l^Mi. 
White's. UdW I'ark Island was |inreliaseil, and npun its si intlicni cxii-emity .-i liandsimie el nl i-ln aise, 




MXL 





' WaII W \n TAY SKI 



re|p|ete with mudia-n c-cmvenicnees. has lieen erected, which was ii|iened u|Min tlic lirst <if .Vu.L;ust, ISHl. 
In the sprin-r (if IS'.K), the fammi- Canailian war canoe ■• W.ih-wah-lay-see '" was launched Ujion the 
Delaware river. 



234 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 

Tlic AludiKiuin Clvili House, oroctcd at a cost of §3,000, situated on the proposed River Drive, 
Ix'twecii Cadwahidcr Place and tlie Delaware, was ojiened in December, 1892. Tliis club occupies 
one of tlu' most coiiiplctt' houses on tlir river, and the club enjoys a representative niembershi]). 

.\t the present time the t'ollowiiiii; canoe eiubs are oriranized : Park Island Canoein"; Associa- 
tion — .1. P,. .Vjrncw, Pn'sidcut ; R. (i. I.ui'as, \'ice President ; William ('. Lawrence, Secretary- 
Treasurer. 

Hiawatha Canoe Club — Fraid< W. ,\llaire. Coniniodore : .\lbert I. Ilattersley, Secretary- 
Tri'asurer. 

Al'.iouiiuin Canoe Club — Fre(l. !'>. \'nrd, ( 'miinioddre ; William Kiikbride, Nice Coniiiiodoii- : 
E. C. Hill. Purser. 

Tui-: Ti;knton I'"ii:i.1) Ci.tb. 

Ill athletir lifi' on shore, the Trenton l'"ield Club was ori;anizc(l in .luiie. is;)-..!. ll- t^rouuds are 
located near West Shdi' sti'eet. next to the propei'ty of Isaac (I. i'iehey. lv-i|uire. The cluii-house 
is a small but well-arranged l>uildini;. ovei'lookinn the base-ball field and the tennis courts. Of the 
I'lelil dull it mav lie >aid that it is the most <'.\clusive ori;anization of its ty]ii- in the city, and its 
list of members endiraccs the names of the most fashionable people of the city. Its ofiicers are : 
President, Fraidc (). Prijf.irs : Vice President. Charles S. \'an Syckel : .Secretary, Charles E. (iuni- 
mcre ; Treasiu'er, \\'intlirii]i .'■-lailc. 

TiiiO Catholic 'N'orMi .Mi:.\'s .\ssociA-noN. 

The Catliolii- ^'olnlL: .Men's .\ssociation of .^aint .Mary's Cathedral Pai'lsh i> one of (hi- oldest 
Catholic societies ill Ti'eiitoii. It was first ort;aiii/.ed ill IST'l. under the name of the ^'ollnL: .Men's 
Catholic Lvceiim. ll was not then a parish or,L;ani/.ation, its membership beinu made up irres[iective 
of jiarisli lines, Siibscipieiitiv the name was cliaiif;ed to that of the ^'ouiii;' Men's Catholic Associa- 
tion, and aj^aiii to the Catholic >'iiimii ^li'ii's Association, to avoid the confusion of havinj; the .same 
initials as the Vouiiji iMc'ii's Christian Association, 'flic objects of the association have V)een and 
are tile intellectual and moral advancement of its members. There is at ]iresent a membership of 
about tiftv. The rooms of the society are located at 22 I'^ast State street, and are nicely furnished. 
Then' is a library of about one thousand vohunes, many of which were ju'esciited by the late l?ishop 
()' Farrell. The association has numbered among its incmber.ship many of the leading Catholics of 
Trenton. 

The ]iresent ofiicers are : President, John P. Dullard : \'ice President. .Tames Mooiiey. .Ir. ; 
Kecording Secretary Michael Sweeney; I'^inaucial Secretary, .loliii K. Cudy; 'I'rcasurer, P. .J. 
ClaiK-y. The pastor of Saint Mary's Cathedral has always been (•,i--(ijfiri<i I'resiilcnt. 



Till', Mi:i,'ii;k ('orNi"i- \\"ni:i;i,MK.\. 

The Mercer CoUiitv Wheelmen were oriianized on November b'ltli. ISS'.I, with twiiitv-li ve 
members. The lirst ofiicers were Charles Perrine. Pre-ideiit : llaiiy I ). I,ea\itt. \'ice Pri'sidi'ut ; 
.lames C. Tattersall. Secretary. The club lirst had rooms mi .'^outli Warren street, but the membi-r- 
slii]) soon increased ami they removed to a spacious house at lb* West Front street. This was 
followe(l by another move in IS'.).") to I'Js .Ninth Warren street, where they remaineil until ]S'.\\_ 
wiieii the niembershi|i had n^ached the thri'e-hmidrcil mark and they secured the house at 'Jl'.i l'"ast 
State street, which is adapted in e\cry way to a wheelmen's (|Uarters. This house has been famous 
as the h<'adi|Uarters of the i.ochiel Club, now disbanded, which met there for a number of years. 
The building is the old Wilkinson propi^rty. Handsomely furnished thioiighout. the establishment 
is sustained without gambling nr a biilTet, and is in every respect a model club-house. 

Tlu' ]present ollicers of the club are : J'ri'sidcnt. Postmaster Frank 11. I,ali>r : \'iee Presiilent, 
Louis i'islier ; Treasurer. I*]. Frank Cabezola ; Financial Secri'tarv. l''lmer .'-^, .\pplegate; Recording 
Secretary. Frederick Harlow; Cajitain. Thomas W. ( )bert ; IJoard of |)irectors. Howard S. Titus, 
•lames (J. Lee, Robert \'. Whitehead, (ieorge C. Shick. 'J"he i-lub now numbers three hundred and 
thirty members, among them some of Trenton's leading citizens, 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



235 



The Potters' Club. 

Tlic conniiodions clnli-hduse (if tlic Potters' X;itiiiii:il I'nion (iT Aiiin-ica is locntid ;it the jtinc- 
tiiiii (.r I'crrv street, Clinton and Lincoln avi'nues. The liuililiiii; was |iui-(liasei| li\ the |iott<'rs 
May Nth, lS!i;!, fi-oni CedrLic \. Packer fur 811.001), undci- Ihc |>riivisions of an act (if Apia! l.Stli, 
l.S.S!), which was tlie lirst law evia- |i]aced n{iiin the statule-lM.dks cif New .h rsev nndrr \\liicli jahur 
organizations could hold jiroperty. The eluli-li<iiise was t'drnialh- ii|Hiicd with a haiii|Uct, uiiisical 
exercises and uther festivities. The lii'st fhmr cdnlains diaiMi' paiiurs and in the icar ai-e ciiniiiiilte(> 
and reading-rdiiiiis. A [lianu adoi-ns the jiarlors. which are handsunieU fninished. ( In ihc secdiid 
floor are ni(.'etini;-rdi ii ns and liath-nioni, and im tlie third H mil' arc |iiidl and liillianl t a hies. Li'cl in-cs 

njidn industrial and sdcial suhjccts are iii\-(ai fr tiim- tn time, .and, do theuhdle, the chihdidiise 

has heiai a decided sileeess. It is situated updn the edge df thai |idrtidniif Tienldii knuwiia- Ihc 
" Staffdrdshire of America," and the liuni of ne,ai--liy trallii- imlicates the |ii-esence of ihnusauils uf 
skilled and intelligent dina'ativcs. .\t their annual clectidu in .lulv. IS'.l."), the fdllduiuL: dUieeiv 
were elected : Presidcait. Andrew lilackford ; \'ii'e Presidiait, K. J. Whitelieail ; Itecdrdina Sc( rc- 
tary, Thomas H. Dennis; Financial .Secretary, \V. Sanford ; Treasurer, .John J). .McCoiiniek. 








CIlAl'TKK XW 



sK(i;i-:'r s()(ii':'rii':s. oijdkks and oiicani/.a'iioxs. 




Trknton a CiiiiCAT C'kntki! IN riii'. W'liiiK III' Skikkt Sociicties — A r>Hii:K 1!kvi1':\v hi- lin: 
HisToiiY i)K THE Masons. Oimi 1*'i;i.i.ii\vs. KNii;ins (if Pythias. 1!kii ^Ii:n. Knkuits nv iiiK 
Golden Kaci.i:. .IrNKn; Okihoi; .\mei;i(AN Meihaniis anu Othei; l!niiii;s — Tin: 1!(i.m.\n 
Cathdi.ic Societies — Tiii': TiiMrEK.wi k Socii-.iies. 

\ X^^n/ifl -^ '\'\\K niiiiiliii- mill rhaiMctcr of lirr secret societies, oi-ili'i's ami oriiaiiiziitioiis Trenton 
occn]iies a ili~tiiictive |iositiiiii. 'I'lie ra]iiil LH'owtli of tlie fr.itenial >]iiiit. |iarticularly 
since the lielieilion. has heeii exeiiiiiHtieil in a reniai-kalile niaiiner within tlie past 
tew years. There is scarcely a man in Tieiiton who lias .■ittaiiicil his majority ulm 
is not a menilicr of an ori;ani/catioii of somi' character, he it social, ecclesiastical. 
]iolitical or secret. The town has the reiiutation tln'oniihoul the I'liiteil States of 
lieini;- one of the ui'e.it ciaitcrs of orLranizations, ]iarticularly those of a secret nature. 
Till- early inti-oilnclion of the Masonic onlcr and the OiM Fellows shows that this 
spirit was rife in ihe lily when Trenton was little nmi-e than a \-illai;e. Statistics 
show that if the |iresent rate of niemlieishi|i increases that Trenton, in |iro|iortion to 
her ]io)iiila1ion, will soon rank anioiii; the lirst lities of the Inion in this matter. A cursory re\iew 
of this jihase of municiiial life is herewith .niveii. 

The introduction of Free Masonry in New .lei'sey was u|ion the fifth of .lime. l7-'in. when a dis- 
pensation was firanted to a Provincial (Irand Master of New .lersey. Daniel Conc was the lirst 
ap]ioiiite<l Provincial (irand .Master of Masons in the New World. 

The (irand l.od.L'c of New Jersey of Ancient l'"ree and .\ccepted Masons was instituted liy a 
charter from l'"ni;laiid. Decemlier IMli. 17'^li. and meet^ annually in Tieiiton. Tin linn, i)a\id 
l>rearly, l'"-si|uire, Chief . J ustice of New .lersey, was elected \\'orshi|iful Master: Hon. lioliert I.ettis 
noo]ier, \'ice President of .\ew Jersey, 1 )epu1y (irand Master; William I.eddle. I"'si|uire, late Iliiih 
SlieriiV of >rorris cmuity, Senior (irand Waideii : Daniel Marsh, F-^ipiii-e. ilepresentatixc in the 
Asseiiihly of New Jersey, Junior (irand Warden ; .lolm .Xohle ('immiintj. Hsiptire, late Colonel in 
tho Army of the I'nited States, (Irand Secretary : Maskell EwIiil:. Jr.. l%si|uire. Clerk of the (leneral 
AsseniMy of New Jersey. Deputy Crand Secretary; Joshua Corson. F>ipiire. Tliiih SherilV of 
Hunterdon county, (irand Treasurer. In the next year 'J'renton Lodu'c, No. o, was chartcreil, 
heiufr incorporated hy (he Lcjiislaturc in IS'id. Those to uhoin the act of incorporation was granted 
were Thomas Tv. WoodnilT, Charles P>urroUL;hs. Zachariah I'lossell. .lohn Mer-hon and William Ker- 
wood. From No. ■") liave sprunj; all the otlu'r lodges in this city. 

The otlicr Masonic lodires in this city are Mercer, No. oO, whose warrant was issued January 
13th, 1.S5S ; Ashlar, No. 7(i, chartered .lanuary ISth. 1S(i(i. and incorporated mi the thirteenth of 
the following ^lavch ; Column Lodtre, No. PiO, instituted April l-'ith. 1S71 ; l''raternal Lodire, No. 
130, orgaiii/ed April 27th, 11S7-1 ; Mercer Lodge of Perfection, .\. and .\. Rite, institufed Ajiril 2H(i, 
1803; Mercer Council of Princes of Jerusalem, A. and .\. Rite, instituted .May I'.ith. ISiil; Trenton 
Chapter, Rose Croix, instituted April 17th, ISfJ,^ ; Thrcc-Times-Threc Ch.ipter. \o. ■">. Pvoyal Arch 



THE CITY OF TUENTON. 237 

Masons, charturcil June lotli, lSr),S ; (Ichal Couiieil, No. ;!, Rnyal ami Select Masters, oruanizeil 
luuler a (lisjieiisatiiiii Iruiii the (Iraiiil ('(luncilnf Peiiiisylvania, March Kith, 1S(J0; Palestine ('uin- 
inainlcl'V, Xo. 4, Knights 'r(iii| ihir. ( iKiilcrcil S('|itiiiilHi- 1 1 th, 1S(12. 

The Masonic Mutual l.ilV I nsiiiaiicc Association was oi-^ani/ed Deceiiilier oth, IST-'!, and the 
Masonic Hall Association. iii(ori)(.ral((l .March 12th, 1^N4, with a ca|.ital stock of Sl()(),()()(), are 
other phases of Masonic Hfc in tlii> city. 

The Indejiendent ()rdei- of Odd Fellows was trans|jlaiiti'(l from London soil to .\inc>rica in ISlil. 

The (irand l>oil,<:i' of the i ndependi'nt Order of ( )dd Fellows was instituted in the old Masonic 
Hall, in Front street, on the thii'd of .\uL;ust, IS-'v!, liy Thomas Wildey, the foumlei' of the order 
in this country, and at thai lime the ( Irand Sii'c of the (irand i^odjfc of the I'nited States. 

The ])arent lod;^(' in this cily, known as 'i'renton. No. .'>, was institnteil .\u.unst .'id, Is;!.'!. 
.\rter \'arious \-icissitudes llic lodm' is now in a strong' position. The oilier lod;ics in this city ai'c 
Concordia, No. 4, institnteil l)eccndicr 17th, 1'S;!.'3, which for some nimis owikmI Concordia Hall. 
.'?:! West State street; Mercer, .\o. :il. instituted Fehruary "ith, ISKi; South Tri'nt>.n, No. :\l\. 
instituted Fehruary oth, ls)(i; Schiller, No. S(l, instituted .\uuust ;!d, 1S4S -. Chcruskcr. X<.. l')l. 

in.stituted 1S7U ; Fred. D. Stuait, No. lo4. institutccl l),-,i'ml>er I'.ith. ISTO; H ,.. \,,. 211. 

instituted Auiiust :!()th. iss?; Meni. No. 217. 

The Grand Encani|imeut. 1. ( ). ( ). F., of New Jersey, was inslitutiMl Ky .hihn H. Kcnui'dy, 
Grand Sire, Septendier I'.Hli. 1S4-!. 'fnaiton Encanninient. No. 2, \\:is iiistitutid ( tctoher 2d, lSo7. 
South Trenton Encani|inient. No. Id. w'as instituted April <itli. ISd'.t. 

Ruth Reliekah. Xo '.) : Canton Capital City. No. •'! ; Tati'laiclis Militant, arc other ()dil l''cllow 
orsianizations. There is also an Odd Fellows' Funeral Aiil Association anil :i City Trax cliuL;' liclief 
Committee in tliis order. 

In FS(>4. the Kni,L;hts of I'ythias were orii'anized in W'.ishiiiLiliin. The lod;^cs in this city are 
Spartacus, No. Id. oru.ini/cd Ajiril '.Hh, ISIi.S ; Hamilton, No. '.M, ornaiiized Xo\emlicr "ith. lS7."i; 
I'ythias, No. HI, orii.inizcd .\u.uu.st loth, 1S71 ; Trenton, No. liO, organized March Kitli, LS71, ami 
F.xcclsior Division, No. 11. F. I!. K. of I'., oruanized .Iune21st, ISSC. 

The Improved Order of lied Men was introduced into Trenton hy the forming of Moa.x, Xo. o. 
on the first of Septemher, 1S.")1 . The remaining: Red Men trihes in this city a i-c the Fncas, No. 102 ; 
Assanpink. No. S(l ; Iroi|Uois. No. ill!; Oiias, No, lOS ; ()nalaska, .\o. llo. and Indianola Council. 
No. 7, Degree of Pocahontas. 

The American Protestant Association is re]irescnted hy .John Cal\in Fodirc. Xo. 14. ami .lames 
A. Cartield Lod.irc. Xo. 17. 

The Knights of the Golden Eagh' were introduced hy Trenton Castle, Xo, 7. since which time 
Mercer Castle. No, 2:1; Capital Castle, No. 2.S ; Star of I'.ctlilchcni. No. (iS ( (h^rman i. ami Fyric 
Castle, No. lil), have heeii organized. Xcil lluigess Commamliiy, No. '.(, .iml Mercer Commandcry, 
No. 6, of Company A, Third J'.attalion, are of the military liranch. There is also Laurel Temple. 
No. 3, Ladies of the Golden Eagle, 

The .lutiior ( )idcr of 1 nited ,\ ni erica n Mechanics is represented hy v.arious con mi Is in this city. 
Enter]}rise, No. 0, organized ()ctol>er !Mli, ISC.S, m.arks the initial mo\cniciil. The other councils 
are >[erccr, No. of); Connnodoiv I'na-y. No. Ml; Xath.in Hale, No. ^'.i ; 'IVcnloii. No. '.10; Century, 
Xo. 100; Rutherford I'.. Hayes, No. I |:'. ; liutcd States, Xo. I Hi; Pride of Trenton Council, 
Datightcrs of l.ihcrty ; Capit.al City, Xo. 20; Mizpah. No. 2Ci. .and Pride of Natli.in Hale Council, 
Xo. 2!). 

The Patriotic Order Sons of .Vmcrica has the followin- W.i>liin-lon camps in this city ; Xo. li. 
No. 7, No, 14, No, 1 7, 

The Knights of Saint .lohn and .Malta arc resprcseiited hy the ( 'leiu- dc Lion JMicampmcnt, .No, 
1(1, witli which there is a drill corps. 

The Sons of Saint George have a District Lodge of Mercer <-oun1y. The lodges in Trenton are 
Chatham, No. 13fi : Pvoyal Oak, Xo. 3(i ; Sir Charles Xapier, Xo. 33; Victoria, Xo. 1, I. O. 
Daughters of Saint George. 

The National Union in Trenton has Four councils. Trenton. .Xo. 3ll) ; Mercer, Xo. 404 ; .)ohn 
A. Koehling, No. 50") ; .Moiniment, No. ").')(). 

Among other secret societies re|)reseiiti'd in this city arc the Royal .\rcaimm. Ancient Order 
of Shejiherds, Ancient Order Fnited Workmen, Ancient Order of Foresters, Rrotherhood of tile 



23S TlIK (ITY OK TltKN'I'oN. 

Union, Order of Chosen Friends, Order of the (iolden (liaiii. Sexennial T.eaL'ue. Tlieatrieal 
Mechanies' Association and Iini)n>ved OhUt of lleiitasoplis. 

The (irand Aniiv of tlie Itepnhlie was instituteil in 'I'rcnluu uimn the tliirty-lirst of OetohtT, 
l.S(i7. The first ])ost ere<'ted was ]>ayanl. No. S. Tlie petitioners for this ]iost were James S. 
Kiir<r, l'"raneis ('. lioherson. William \\". L. I'hilliiis. -lohn W. Ihnwn. James IT. ComiriL's. (lahriel 
Ten llroeek. Ahramti. Staats, Ivlward M. Anderson, Jolm 11. .\llen, Ivli^ar W'hittaker. In honor 
of a <listin;ruished soldier, Aaron Wilkes I'ost, No. 2-'>, has since hei'ii oruanized. 

There are twn camps of Sons of N'eterans, Ferd. \'. Dayton. No. o. and (ieneral liidiaid A. 
Donnellv, No. 21. with the .\anjn Wilkes Wonu n's lidief Corps, No. 7. 

The lahor oi'fianizations in Trenton are represented by the Potters' National I'nion of America, 
Throwers' and Handlers' .Association. Jitr.irennen's Association, Sanitary I'ressers' Protective Asso- 
ciation, all representin.Lr various ))hases of the pottery industi'v. Thert' are also 'I'renton Lodjre, No. 
;JS, Urotherhodd of Railroad Trainmen ; Washinjiton A. Hoehling Lodi^e, No. o7-'>, 15rotherhooil of 
Locomotive Kniri niters ; Trenton Lodiie, No. 25o, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen; Trenton 
Typofrraphical I'nion. No. 71, and the Hricklayers" and Plasterers' Association. 

The political oruanizations of tlu' city include the Democratic TjcaL'ue, Repnhlican Clnh. (ier- 
mania I'epulilican ('Inh. .Inmcs I'^ury Democratic .\ssociation. Si.xth Ward Hepuhlican Association, 
Fourth Ward KepuKliean Cluh, Chamliei-sliuri; licpuMican Leayue, Seventh W,ii-d liepuhlican Cluh, 
Merci'r County Democratic Cluh. 

The Saint Patrick's Alliance of .Vmerica. which is not. as many su|iposc. a Pouian Catholic 
society, liut which is an orirani/ation of men of li'ish hii'tli or pnreiitaLrc. has in Ti'entoii Pranclies 1, 
2. 4, •"), under the supervision of District No. 7. 

Of the Roman Catholic societies, the .\neient < )rder of 1 liliirni.ins. (prirani/.eil in Trenton in 
1S71, has in this city live divisions under the County lioanl. The Saint N'iiu'ent de Paul .'Society 
sustains a Pai-ticular Council with Saint Mary's Conferenec, Saint John'> Conference (Sacred Heart 
)iarish). Our Lady of Lourdes' Conference and Saint Jose])h"s Contereni <■. The Catholic ]?cnevolent 
Lcfrion is represented hy l-"atliei- .Mackin Council, No. 7<) : \'ery lev. .\iitliony Smith Council, No. 
2S7 : Father Otto Keejian Council, No. .".ot). ( )f the hcueficial societies there are Saint Anthony's, 
Saint Jose])irs, .'-laint Francis, Saint> Petei' and Paul (Slavish ) and P>avarian. Of the temperance 
oruani/.ations there art' the Younjr Glen's Total Ahstinence LeajiUe, with cadet^. anil the .\ mi uncial ion 
(women's) ."Society. .Vmonu' the rcm.'iiniuj: ortr.ani/.ations in the city arc the Catholic Voiniji Men's 
.\ssociatiou of Saint Mary's Cathedral, Saint Jose|)h's Lyceinn, Saint Mary's Cadets, Saint Francis 
Pioneer Corps, Holy Cross Society, Saint l-'lorian .Military Society and Saint Stanislaus Society. 

.\moni.' the social organizations are the liroadway ( 'luh. Tuscarora Cluh, Delaware Chih, Kcleetic 
(lull, F. L. Nitz Chill, Tn and Out Clnh. .Millli.im Cluh. .\. 1,. Wcldy As,<ociation and the Capital 
Chill, the latter heini: a leadini.' organization of .\fro-.\merieans. 

The temperance oriranizations in the city of Ti-iiitoii cluster largely ahout the work of the 
Woman's Christian Tem]icranee Union .\'o. 1, which was organized in N<ivemlier, LS7(). Since 
that timi- three other hranehes have hecu instituted. Thi' woi'k which ha-; hein done in this con- 
nection has lieen of the greatest good to the city, not only in the specific ohjet-t of the Union, hut 
likewisi' in various charities. The Union Library and meeting-rooms arc the monuments which have 
been raised in this cause. 

Around the name of Henry R. Howell, who with intiexible determination has always fought 
valiantly under a Temperance banner, the early history of the tein]ieranec movcnu'Ut in Trenton is 
inscribed. The editor of the " Iteformcr " for live vears, .Mi', llowill urged in the early liftics a 
cause which was then unjioiuilar. In ISM, Meicrr Division of the Sons of Tciuiieranee, a secret 
beneficial order, paved tlie way for latiM- cITorts. On .March ISth. IS.')], j-lxeclsior Division, No. 4, 
was organized, which included on its roll of members the most prominent Ti-eiitonians of the period. 
From the Excelsior Division grew the "■ Heforiner " and the " .\cw .lersey Temperance Advocate," 
and for many years it was an active organization. 

Within the i)ast few years the temiierancc movement in Tniilou has grown slowly, but none the 
less surely. Those interested in the work liave taken up other philanthropic lines, and these, in 
connection with the temperance cause [icr .■«', liave now the sympathy of the liberal portion of the 
communitv. 



CllAl'TEK XX L\, 



TIIK I'lJl'.SS OK THE CITY OF 'I'ltKNToN. 




'I'm: l'inM;i:i!s — Tin: I.aii:!; 1'.\pi:i;s ami 1111:11; Imhtuks — 'I'm: I )i:\i:i,iii'\ij:.\ r di- •rm; I.uiai. 

l'ui:ss — 'riijc Xkwsi'ai'khs di' 'rii-i)AV. 



POX tlir fcMirth (if M;in-li. l?;^^. the lirsl ii(\v-|iM|i.r |.uMi,<lir,| in tln' S(;itc. Isaac 
Collins' ■'Xi'W -IiTsi'V ( la/,i'tti'. " was rcim i\cil ti 1 'ri-ciitdii. 'I'Ih- jniiinal liad liccii 
estalilislicd ill liurliniituii ('itv (iurinii tlir |iir\i(iii- I )irciiili(i'. The piinlinL; ullii-c 

was j.icatrd n\, tlir (•(inicv uf State ami IIvckmI street. llie Park ItdW df this city — 

ami whilst there Idcaled the '■(lazette" eiijdyeil dlHeial | lat rdiiatii '. am 1 was in I'ael 
ci] the indiith|iieee dl' William Li\im:stdn, the | lal lidt ( id\ crmir df the l!e\d!utidn. 
Owillj;' to ill.sliHieienI ]jatrdiiaL;i' the iia|ier was ilisedntiiiiieil in Xdveiiiher, \~S(',, 

Early in the siiiinner df IT'S?, the ■■ |>'i'i|iMal I'ust di- the Trciitdii W'l-ekly 

Mercury" was lirst issueil mi Warren >trei>t. in'arly d|iiHi<ite Saint .Michael's 

Chiireh. In cdnser|iieiice df a scarcity df iiapia- in ( )ctdher, 17'SS, its size was 

reihiced. and it was issued senii-wt'ekly. It later iK't'auie a weekly, and sddii thercat'ti'r its career 

was terminated. 

From the contrihutioiis of the lati' .rdhii I ». riaiiin. the followiim- outline has lieeii ahridired : 
The '• Tnio .Vnierican " heuaii its career in Marcli, ISOl. heint! issued hy .Matthias I)ay ami 
.lacdh Mann. rpmi the entrance intd the ]iartners]ii]i of ex-Seiiatdr .hinies .1. Wilsdii, Mr. Day 
retired, and in ISO.'! Mr. Mann also dissdhi'd Ins cdiincctidn with the ririii, and iinlil 1 S 1 I the 
)ia|ier was jmhlishcd hy Wilsnii iV lllackwcIL ]Mr. Wil-dii then cdntinued the |ia|ier until his 
death. .\ ft cr dt her chant;! 'S in dw iiershiii the " True .Vineric-in " was |Mircliased hy ( Icdi'iic Sherinan. 
df the --Statc' (iuzette," and was discontimuMl. Within a shorl tinie (he |,a|icr was again issuc(l, and 
after various chan.L'cs ])asscd into llic hands of .Morris li. liainillon, now State Lihrarian. In \Sy>2, 
the ■■ True .\nieriean " hecaine the |ird|iert \- uf e.\-. indue |)a\id Naar, with I'lanklin S. .Mills n,.; 
associate editdr. In ISCiC. it was |iiircliaseil hy Moses |). Naar, .lushna S. Day and .losejih L. Xaar, 
will) issiieil it from the I'orner of State and llroad streets. .Mr. .Idse|)h 1,. Naar sul)sc(|tiently hccaine 
the dwncr. and under his editd|-slii|i the journal has hceii issued finni the c-drm>r of State ami llroad 
streets, in the Eincolii lluildiiiL;-. and frdin its present thdrdiii:hly-e(|ui|i|icd ollice on .North Warren 
street. L'nder .Mr. Xaar the ]i.a|jer h.as hecdine nietro|idlitan in its features. 

An attempt was made in I'^'Jl. hy ex-.)ustice of the Su|ireine Court .'^lacy (1. I'dtts and .Idsc]ih 
Justice, State Printer, to puhlish a relii;ious and literary pajicr. This was the " lMn|ioriimi." Its 
jitihlication otlicc was on .Nurth Warren street, d|ipdsite West Ilamiver, It was ccmtiniu'd as a 
literary pa)ier until ISl'7, when it Iddk •^ides with the adininislralidn, .and came diit as a .lackson 
sheet. 

.Mr. I'dtts Cdntinued to edit the paper until ix.".(t, when. KciiiL; ap|>ointed, hy the .Toint Meeting'. 
Clerk in Chancery, his eoimectidii with the |i.i|ier was dissdlveil, after which time Mr. .luslice was 
the piihlisher and i)roprietor, and .lose)ili C. Potts editor. On the twenly-cij:hth of .\uLMist, L'^oS. a 
tri-weekly jtaper was commencc(l hy .J()se[ih .luslice. .Jr.. and l'"ranklin S. .Mills, for eleetioneeriiiLT 



210 



TllK CITY OF TltK.NTOX. 



|uir]ii>scs. Its ))ulilicatinn \v;is continued until tiic liL'litli nf Octnlur oi' the same year, wlien, liavinfr 
liillilkil its mission, it was iliscontinucd. 

The '■ 'I'lcnlun Daily" lived for live months in the winter of ls;i'.)-4(). Tliis was the first 
attempt to found a daily orf^an in this city. In 1S48, a eam])aijrii sheet, the •" Democrat I'nion," 
was essayed. In tiie latter year the " lMn|iorium "' ])assed into the hands of .lose])h A. Yard, and 
later it was consolidated with the ••Newark Mornini.' Post."" 

{"^•om IS}.") to 1S4"). I''ranklin S. ^lills conducted the ''Sheet Anilim-."' which was |iui>hased 
liv I'volicrt (Jossman, and the title chauiicd to the "Trenton Journal." 

Another attein|i| to estahli>li a daily paper was made in \x\i'i. when the " News'" was issucil 
from the '■Journal" oliice. The "News " was sdun merireil into the " iMnjiorium." 

In INl"). the opposition tn momipulio. and particularly to the -loint Companies, led .loscph ('. 
I'litts and .IdlniC. Wclistci' to cduimencc the pnlilicatiim (.f the "Plain Dealer.'" an anli-monopuly 
iiaper. This. too. was merged into the " Fnipni-iuin." 

Peter Lott anil H. F. \'aneleve puMisheil, in lN-">.')Mnd \X-'>i>. " The .\ri;ns." a Denioeratii- ])a])er. 
The temperance movement of the early fni'lies, (Hie of tln' iiianifestatiuns df that reniaikahle ]ji-rioil, 
led til the pnlilicatiim. in \X\-k nf the " New .ler>ey 'i'eniperanee lle|-ald." Its life was short. 

In l"^!!. Charles W . .lav puMished the "Clav IJaunei'." whieli papei'. a^ its name import-^, was 
started to advance the interests of llenr\- Clay I'm- the PresidencN' uf the I'liite 1 State-, in i ijipositii m 
to James K. Polk. 

In 1S-|S^ Chaile~ W. .lay. l-"i-anklin S. Mill-, and .Inseph .Instice. .Ii-., ciimnicnced the piiMiea- 
tion of a paper called the " Trentonian." which was issued frmii the l.incuhi lIuildiiiL;-. at State 
and Proad streets. It is wm-thy of i-cmaik that fur nearly three-fciuiths uf a century this coriU'r has 
liecu used as a literary deput. IIei-e. in ISOS. l>aacCullin> i-sued his niemuralile edition of the 
Pi Me. one I if the must ciirrect editiuns e\ei- pulili>lie<l. The " Tientuniau "' ceased til exist in 1S51. 

.lames S. ^"aril. in IS-Ki, launched the " W'eekK' X'isitui- and New .lerse\' Temperance Sentinel." 
It was conducted liv various meiidiers uf the fannlv fur live veais. 

IIciu'v P.. Howell, the most distin;.iiiished of Trentiin- ad\ licates uf tcmpei:ince. ill 1 >>.")■_; cuni- 
meiieed the monthly " Pcfurnier and New .lerse\- TcmpcraMcc .\d\ucate.'" 

Durini.' the cam|iaii;n of I ^"i^. Charles W. .I.iy puMi^heil the " Pepulilican Pri\ateer,"" hut, 
after the election uf Mr. Pierce til the Proidenew the paper was di>cunt iiiued. 

In lS-")-t, James S. Di-.ike. uf Flizalieth. New .lerscy. euimiieuccd the puhlicatiun uf the " Mercer 
Standard"' as a weekly papei-. 

In l>i")'i. I'aiiich 1!. ISui'dcn issued a weekly p.a per called the " I'^rcc Prc-s,"" It wa^ puhlislied 
at No. 'il Fast State street, fuurth stury. uver the " Pefurmer" ullice. 

In I'cliruary. ixi'il. I )ursey ( lai'duer cummenci'd the puhlicatiun uf the "Munilui-." Its puh- 
licatiun was continued .ahout one year and a half. x\ hen it was suspeudi'd. 

In IMio. Charles W. .lay started the " X'uluiiteer," which was printed at the " .Munitor" oliice. 
This was a campaiuui pa|ier. and aftei' ha\ inir accuniplished it- ndssiun it Keeame defunct. 

In l>;('ifi, Charles W. .lay initiated the weekly " Cuiun Sentinel." which hecame tin- "Daily 
Sentinel" in \S~{), This latter oriran pas.-.ed inlu the hands uf .lacuh I!. l'"reese. 

I'-x-Maym- .luhn Priest started the " I'anpurium " in l>^Ci7. which has successively liceii issued 
fniUL the corner of Hanover and Warren streets, from Fa-I State street next tu the Slireve liuildin.j', 
and within the past twu years, under ulher manau'ement. fi'uni West State street. u|ipusite the Trust 
Company's huildinir. Tu this periml heluULiS the " Puhlic ( )piniun."' a leading paper uf its day. 

" Heecher"s Maira/.iue " was cunMncnced in IST'l. and was. while it la-^tcd. an inlluential puhli- 
cation. It was devoted to literary and scientillc matters. 

The "New Jersey Staats Jonrnal"" was and is ;i weekly paper pnlilished hy Culuncl l-'rncst C. 
Staid. I'"or a time tjie " Weekly Sentinel,"" a journal devuted tu the inlere-ts uf the nejiro raci', was 
edited hy I!. Ilem'i lU'rlicrt. In 1S7>! William P. Miiwer"s " l'"amilv .Mai:azine" was a venture 
which later hecame tmprolitalile. In ISS^ the " Trentuii Times."" a liriLrht and altracti\-e daily, was 
issued and, after various ownerships, is imw the only aflci-noon pa|ier of the city. Within the past 
ten years the daily and Sunday " Press "" and " I']x]iress "" w ere newcumers in the tield uf jom'ualisiu. 
The oidy Sunday paper in the city is the ''.\dvertiser," now issued fi-om •'!•'! West Slate street. It^ 
uwuers, who have made it a metrupulitan paper, are Thuuias 1'". l^'il/.ticrald. -luhii J. Cleary and 



Till-; rirv of tuknton. 



'J 11 



Charles H. Levy. "Tlie Signal," the organ nf the Slatr Schools, was iiislihilcil in ()<'tiilicr, issn, 
and lias since had a enntinuous existence. 

In 1873 the (Icnianils (if the pcojilc (if ('hanilicrslmi-g lc(| tutiic cstalih'shnicnt (if tiic ".Mercer 
County News," whit-li also issued an editidU in .Vllentdwn, New .Ici'scx-, called tiie "Times." The 
papers were consolidated. Its editor im the (iccasidu of its lii'st issue was .hihii W. IMoodv. The 
"News" is now managed hy l''lliott('. Moody. 

Trenton has had a representative in the field of social journalism. " Town Tojiics" was estah- 
lished hy Harry Donnelly, in isni. It \vas succeeded liy ■'Town Talk," whieii was sueecssivelv 
owned hy George Holeom he and ("iiarles Uarcalow. 

Within the past few yeai's iinmei'ous clnu'ch and olhei- oi'gani/.aiions liaAC issued fugiti\-e papers, 
none of which have beeonie of a permanent cliai-act(a-. 

'i'he Lalior interests of the city are represented hy the weekly '' I'ottei's' .hnn-nal ;" this siieet 
and the I'aterson " Standard " ai'e tlie only distinctive lahoi- papers in the State. 

The following is a list of the p.i pel's piililished ill Trenton during tlie present \-ear : 

"State (iazette" — Daily and weekly. Weekly on Thursday. Ilcpiil.licaii. The .hilm h. 
Murphy I'uhlishing Co. , proprietors, 'i'homas Holmes, eilitor. 

" True American " — i>ailyaiid weekly. Weekly on I'^iidax'. I )eiiiociatic. .lo>epli L. N'aar. 
editor and proprit'tor. 

"TheTreiiton Evening Times'" — .\ftcrnoon and weekly. Weik-1\ (in Thnrsilaw I )emoci-afic. 
The "Times" Assoeiatioii, pulili,~her. Chailes W. Smith, editor. 

" The New . Jersey Staats .loiniial" ( ( leriuan ) — Semi-w ickly. I )ei i.-itic. |-aiiest ('.Staid, 

editor and ]iro]irietoi'. 

"Sunday .Xdvertiser" — Weekly, on Sunday. independent. .\il\ crliser I'lililishing ( 'o. 

"fiercer ('ounty News" — Weekly, on \\'e(lnes(lay. Independent. K. <i. .Mo(id\', editor and 
puhlisher. 

".\nierican Potters' .lournal " — Weekly, on Saturday. In the interest of (irgani/,e(l lahor. 
.Tohn 1). MeCormick, e(litoraiid puMislici-. 

"The Signal"— .Monthly. The ollicial organ of the State Noiiiial and .Model Schools. I':dite(l 
hy the students. 

"The Silent Worker," edited l.y the students of tlie Stale Deaf- .Mute School. 

"The Mercer Review" — Weekly. Cor. Uroad and Front streets. 

"Trenton Freie Zeitung" — We(hies(lay and Saturday. IJenedict I'l-icth. proprietor; Charles 
Weidel, manager. 



^1^ Ti^V ''^' . 



CHAPTKK .\XX. 




'■STATK CA/riTi:." TKKN'IOX, X. .1. 
A P.iincK Ski:ic n lU' ■riiio Si;((imi Oliu'.si' .Nkwsi'ai'ki; in .\'i:w .Ikksicv. 



1I1''X a iic\vs]ia]iii- lix'fs mure tliaii a rciituvv. ami iluriiiL; tliat time iiirrcascs in 
viiriir. it is wdrlliy nl' niciitinn. Svu'li instances of jmnniaiistie lonfrcvitv are 
rare, Iml tlie Siaii-: ( 1 Azirr'no is une Immlred ami three years old, anil stands 
tn-dav iiide|ieiident an<l | n'l is|ienius mi it- merit as a newspaper. 

'I'lie story 111" the funiidatiun and di'velojiment 'if this newsjiajier is !l l)it of 
ehi-oiniIiii;y that Trentonians and tiiose New Jersey citizens under whose eyes 
tiiese \\]]v!i may lall. will liiid interestinsi. and. in a dcu'ree, insti'Uctive. 

Xew Jersey lioasted in early times of three "(lazettes." The (irst was 
cstahlisheil liy Isaac Collins, in linrlinuton, in 1777, and removed to 'i'l-eiiton 
ill tlie fiiUi i\\ iiii; s|iriiiir. In those davs leaders wi'i'e imt in fashion: nearly 
all the rcadina matter was finuiished liy voluntary lontrihutors. Isaac Culhns. the fmuider of 
that "(iazette," was an adniirahle ]innter. and his |ia|jer occu|iicil hiiih rank aiiionii- the journals 
of the day, many well-known men contrilmtini; to its cohmins. Some ten years later. Frederick 
('. (im'c(iucllc and (leori;!- M. Wilson cstahlisheil a |ia|icr, which was |inlilished. as a]ii)ears iiy 
the title, in i''roiit -treet, o|i|io>ite the l'ji!.dish ('hnr<li. Xo rerurd nf thi> paper exists. All that 
is known is. that it was sui'ceeded hy the ( iAZK'i'Ti:, which still li\c>. and has heen puhli.shcd 
witliout intermission since the fourth of Scptcmher, 17'.I2. Mi'. Matthias Day. who issued the tirsl 
numlicr of the St.vtk (i.AzicrrK -\.nii Xiow Ji;hsi:v .\ii\-i:i(||si;h, was a practical printer, and turned 
out a very neat, super-royal sheet in hrc\ier and minion type, which contained a fair proportion of 
readinji matter, consisting of news from ICurope. where nearly all tlie powers were then wai;in.ir war 
ajiainst France. In 17!)'J, (leorfre Sherman and John Mershon hotiuht the (J.vzktii: and cliant.'ed its 
name to the X'icw Jkrsey Static (iAziCTTi:, while Mr. Day, after a hrief ex|iericncc in a p.apcr called 
the " True American," was aji])oin1cd I'ostmaster at Newark, and later in life estahlished himself 
in husiness as a i>ul>lisher in New ^'ll|■k. (h'ortic Sherman was a nicmlicr of the family to which 
Roger Sherman and other [iromiiicnt ]iulilic men in Coimecticut heloimed, and. after a fair, 
common-school education, scrveil his time as an a}iprentice in New Haven with Thomas (ireeii, on 
the " I'onneeticut Journal," (irecii iiciiiL' a mcmher of the celehrated family which had jtroduced 
nuister jirintcrs for Massacliusetts and Connectient for live successive jrenerations. (;eori;e Sherman 
was a mcmher of the Society of I'^rieiids. a careful editor, never jiuttiim- forth any statement of the 
truth of which he was not convinced. lie wmte articles more uotaMc for weii^ht. decided opinions 
and lixed ]irineiples than for their Iciiiith. Ilavint;- opinions and |iriiiciples, as the (iAZKrTi; of 
to-day, he defended them with force, and sometimes as]ierity, that made him always an unjileasant, 
though not a danLrerous, opjionent. His jiartner, .lohn Mershon. was a jiractical i)rinter and a man 
of some ahility, and continued a mcmher of the linn until lS()-i, and died in ]XOl>. The disin- 
clination of the conductor of the (Iazkttk. to enter into liilti'r |iarlisanshiii (lisa]i])ointeil the radical 
Federalists of the day, a day of great partisan strife — a strife fiercer than we have kiiowii since 
nntil our Kehellion — and iiromimnt mcmhers of the party determined to estalilish a lU'W ]iaper 
"i)l>posite J. Milnor's store." 



Uetojfcrfe^ g>tate #a^ctte* 



TRENTON— PRINTED BY SHLRM.\N is" MERSHON. AT TII£ OFFICE FORMERLY OCCUriED B" M. DAT. 



VOLOME I.] 



TUESDAY, March 12, 1799. 



[Number 2. 



TO T^E PUBLIC. 

THE STATE GAZETTE. W^. oF bn 
Tutfd.y (No. 5,81 complttcd Gx yen ind t. 
nofilbi from 111 firft publication bj the (uijfcr. 
b<r, dcring wb^h time he cndcavoicd lO mike il 
«tl iifeful vehicle of mfomntion ; «nd if ihe "e'T 
liheril fupporC and <itciiri«c uiculition \*Kh it 
obUionl •ill be illowed M piouf of .ii beinj; 
fuch, he focMeded — roore b«.ng circuliled wmL 
ly th»n of aft^ other paper in the tt»l«. He hi- 
*ing now relinquifhtd the puWiciiion of il lO f» 
»of of MefTr.. Shtrman 'jf MtrjlKii, beg* leave ^.^ 
tjcommend idem lo hii fuend* tnd former cut 
iLiincrs, at pcifoc* OfU cilculiicd to condutl ihe 
bgfineit — boih biiog r<yu/j/ iMt/prinlen. 

In (jkiog lc»»e of hit pationi, (Juty. a* «ell a" 



0/Mr. Bowe\-. ci 

/>J>' o/" GfifTlR. 

Camfanj at ibt . 



nclin 



It him 



the I 



y favors he has reeelTed, and to affuTe (hem ihs' 
Ihey Ihallevci haft a grateful rcmenibraoce io hti 

tma. 

Aa he will le^veTfcninnthe id of Ap'il.tlie 
■cccffiTT of • fcttlement <^f hiB book a is obnom- 
He, iherefore. cafia oo all prrfoni who are in- 
dcbKd to hia> to tnake payment pretioo* to thai 
lime, and all 'ho hare detnandt againft hiCQ to 
preftnt iK*ir iccotinl* for (ettlemenl. 

T>ie»cco'jnt|nr.hore fubkeberi *l.ofe pipeti 
g.> bj PoU Of tHe Mill, will he forwataed !o tlit 
p3^-Let maAeii, with whom ihty are lequefled to 



CT* Perfcna with »*S«At fobfctiplipTi p»pee- 
ftir iH^oflavoed.iitnof the Li«t of Ne*-Jfr 
fe» have b*efi InOge''. are re^uefled lo retiiin ihi 
na'meiof the fubknbe'i hf the lift) of April, 3 
it iicipcSf I the worlt will be put to prcfi fom' 
ijiBe iQ that month. 

MATTHIAS DAY. 
Trenton, Mjrch .v. tTOQ- 

THE S^Sfctlbcri (efpeafgllf inform the 
P.ibl.r. th»t they hive purchafed of Mi 
M»ttwi««'D»». hia light to the A't-w-yu-fey 
A** GoTitt^', aad propnfe to continue the pubic 
onion oatWe »U>*\ C-Jidi'lonn. The vjrlou* 
Kr^cnel of rtititmg will *ir.> be eiecuted with 
CJeln)^ jrn) Afpjuh. .nd >»ii.j- regul^iily (JiicM- 
<d. In ihc Alt, they hope, bv in.iiifti)' and Mieo- 
thii»,.ta merit fome :hare of the ptSlic patronage, 

ArjlUTftefltitci enforce the utility of Ncwi.pa- 
po-i, when cflfldiifled on joft and hono«ablc pnn. 
(iplcv. aie weilaioly notKceffa'y al the pitfcol 
J«T — Th« very ConAitulioB under which wt live, 
fltnngly imp'tlTet the nit*; for il ii invp-vflrble 
\o ftfi the- bMCngi fecuTcd to ui by ihai Chinc-i 
aad tin ixnoian^, (hat in proporbon •■ pcilitii:*' 
kooivl«lge i« J^tfiifed amonj [he people, tht (Jo 
vernmcnt will find fiifTJiirt ^d tfie Ciliieo be 
h»Tif.», A* it refpeflt (*ie Grneial Goveii 
tti* pFftjJe who compofe the UmleJ Slat 
dilf.-vcnlly fiii.Dted from lhoJ"« of mofl 
dburiifiri— Heie each mdivldiial fnrTit ■ | 
ilrr [jrnttil whole— The Go'etnmeiiT wti the 
ffCiM rifhiifrcT choice, Mid chtoii^h hiin it wta 
^jlleJ inro eiiilencr, Ke mberefoir boiuid by thi 
flfoo^Jll lio .if duly, .in.t of ifitefelt, to fuppor 
ilir initiiDiir>n— hrnterafiikt'tlte glonoua fy(le« 
'•i il^^', jW Daiin. 

It I* iirml fni piinie'i i^f N'ewt pujirm, in ihti 
fiTll piib!ica:iori», in fay fnrneihing of the marmti 
11 I'hKh iliey iife trr be tondutied, and (he pnn 
t'plrt whirt will thanflerJie ibem ; bul d<'cl>ia 
tlrtw« flf ll>;»inttir/, fro-n fom^ eaufc or oihet 
fcer« of Ure l<t tn.e Infr much of ih.l lA^td 
i»h'ch thry •n^'ni xn bj.-« mjint a. ncd, »fi..l rr.i 
faiih ap[«ari rnw to b» creaied bf ihe^/jf wrt 
\),»n (I.« pn,*K—'- Ji, ihiir dtah Jbi!l ,t in 
ifim t" Ku{ alibiHigh *t mufi ultimjtcly depend 
iiflon the public paitonige for the e»iftence of 
our puhlicnff n. y,t, (>erh»pt, at tliii i^iCa, it may 
t.ol be innprDptr f" list*, ihit the Poliiict of the 
h'rrv-Jrrfry Slat, G.i'^tltr.(i\i\\b»r trulff KiOaaiL 
•"d AmisiCah, »n.l lh»[ the Conlliiimon ind 
Government 'if i>,e United Statei will ever (ae«t 
with itj decided luppnrt. 

CEOnc:". SI'F.flMAN. 
JOHNMERSHON. 

fenl Subfttibera, unlcfi olherwife ordered, o 
fame cooiliifont ai herctoroir— Two Dollar 
Ann. payable quarterly, wilU ilie iifual a 
af-eft4th(ife whilcalUt the office fur ihei 

pr'i, rr m-rivr them 'jyMail. 



A D D R t S S 
iiE\-. en / V t^-imng of th B\rth 
Washington, t» iht 

hn Mufium. 



RlSPECTBD jU'DUNCEt 
TO ilnrlvalled rw^rif and incomparaMe vj>- 
ut, wf pay the volunury tiibutc of atlmira- 
ion md spplaufe. Ttie contemplaiion (.f a 
p^rfe^ charailcr ; — of a charjflcr, iti whof.; 
iimpofition arc i-ombined all ihatis cff'^t ■ind 
'iio>\ — thcbeft and nobis principles of liumaii 
ijturc in their pure and uiicorruptcd Raie of 
Kccllercc.altbrflsthetr.oH important iiilUut- 
tion inJ the richcfl delight. Wltilc we ren- 
der our homage, let ui endeavour 10 imliatc — 
md though we maybL' unable to tqiml ihc ei- 
amplc, excri all our abilities 10 TtftmbU,\n 
forne cle™:ed degree, the Htr: and Sf.iuf>:nin 
Sjgr 2nd Pair t^r, wliofe nativicy «c jre 
alTembleJ to celebrate. 

On tSis aufpicioti anniverfar?, wccsnnot 
avoid i recoricncc to the feelings & principle- 
■hich produced, progrclTcd and coniplMCed, 
ic Iiiicpe'idrnef.i/' jlmfici. — Nat .llolic 
f.Jiivr mirth and jaytut einor.-.fuhtun, bu 
fralffu! ofcripuen in6 fiUir.n repSkn, be C 

tt;d L*ie dap. * Let us dulv eilim.iic tlie 
blelTingj with which \uc jte favoured, by 

il!e citing with what !sbori ind toil* they were 
R.iincd. ThcfarfpTcndinpbnnchc3 and"i-/sui 
uppfd" fumit of the tree of our liberty wen 
1 jrtmcd and nude itixuriL-'iit with tlietlDoduf 
ll.iu^htercd thoufiiid^ Dy the fangoinirv 
lliw'.inij wliich enriched tbc foil on 'ihich it 
grew — fwcar to pmcO it, or at i[s ficrml foc; 
-TO DIE ' L-t U$ ron/.J.r wi;h Kmpemnrf f; 
/yjw wilh/rwrrry^fo fliati JVC I'C enable.! 
\o a3 vixU di^ntt^ iVii fjtf.'ult w'ith tnui.ijili. 
It is now ton laf^ td \rjllc a momen! 
ipijrj /pf.-u!jf'ra, or Ml aitf njinj; to th' 
nduniljfcle rhtaritj o( \hn f^lfely term'i 
dern phthfopfi'j, which tcYids lo rewlut-;-. 
(lead of ryjrm. RevoluUen — may ourtoun. 
try ncTcrbc diftraflcd withanoihc*. — Rtjurm 
— none bul in ambitious dcmagogi.r would 
lire fuggelt the necefliiT of on^, in our une- 
ualied Conllitulion of Gorcrnmcnt — a Cor- 
ftitnfiot*, founded on principles perfeifta* «- 
Uft.,il iiteili^en,-t,ind titrial ti truth. Tlie 
freedom and Iiappincfi of the citizens are fo in- 
iilved with the powers and prerogative) of our 
r.«cuti»c and Legiflaiivc Authorities, ihjt 
;hc injury or dcftruflion of tiTHFK weuld 
inevitably caofe the Annihilation of both. — 
From the ruin, d(ffttif<n, or dill -norc xOCiitr- 
■hj, would proceed: — Then free-bof" 
Americani would be fee n woefully l.imeiii- 
g the proftration nf order and of Law— 
ilividual pe.ice ft fuCuriiy facnSccif — religi- 
. with her h'liy ordinances dnven fniin ihr 
dtik and the altar, and trampled ii%ihe doft, 
ir compelled to the profane dTudgciy of ninflc 
ng (he hypocrite, ihe infidel nr the tyr.mt 
Under fuch circumlUnre* whit /iinern.v 
ouli tamely Itcar ihe difjtracc ft cxiftcm-e . 



ypf.i- 



'?««•■. 



iRU.fh 



A' 



cy TAKE NOTICK. 

LL pt'fona indebted tn ihr fubrciiher f<rf 
:.^ STATE GAZETTE, are req.iell 
fetila their iCcrMinu up to the firit ul 

he btin|[ i,t,li|;ed to make py 

ftlCf, to ihat ttme 

A. I'kODASCO. 

FebfUliy 1;. j-^. 



'IrQI tu the p 



A^ 



NO TICK. 

LL pcrr)n'! in(lcb:«l lo the 

flilv uf JOHM CLt'NN. Ill* ft Lvi 



Who that had an arm and « d, 
hcHiatC in hi» cltiiti-, whether to i 

Qa»« in the loathed biinds of tyi 
furroundcd bv d.ingeitamid a hoide of jj(f»- 
bins J— nr, Iiice Calo at Uliai, rele.*fc hii ,ir- 
dcnt foul lo foar where bandhed Frcedftm 
finilei in h^r nat*-*; Heaven, among ihe Im- 

jrr^il Gous f 

Should ourCoiiflifurion everbtf ovrrrumM, 
diflijlunon of focicty would be the awfid eon. 
fequcnce.and apoliiical chao3 fucceed, more 

ud? and iiidijielted than llic ori|;;inal mafs of 

'.mmin^llft^ 1, „.,niV. tro'M »WI. n tin, fj.lcn 

Ird ort> of .civil government at firfl emcr(;c3- 
But we will not yield our mmdj to iho fn^ 

KCftioni of d.Tfjdin}; frari ADAVtS Dm 

WASHINGION I While yc p.cf.dc in ihi 
cabinet <jr coinnund in the field— we defy 
:he intri»iUr« of ihe fulifle anddefigning. or 
ihc open jlfaulu of ili^- .ledarcd cnemf 
trcouniry. We are ready 10 ii\ .ii ye di- 
'\~to follow whcreyc lead. I^t foreign 
,vjacT% ,ipprr>.icli, or f»illio-j5 myrmidons 
threaten, snd our Held* lh*ll blue 
harvcfl of bajoncll— our ariillcry (hall rival 
ihc thunder of ihe fkiesi 

Fratvrc "ould fraternii- with— that i* er 

»c Ui. She ha» conferred this fiijjul.ir f.i 

'P"nHolhnd. Itdy. the SwifaCantoru 



dia^a r>n"'n>. •n'1 iW' w^n 



eLtZ.\l)LTH CLUNN, Ewr../*.. 



^lending the bic (Ting of broth. 

■ ■ and Arab5. .She 
tceof p<nir Hibci 



and i* abnui 
y love IP the V.„nchiki 

li.U(akrri iompafrionttt __ 

nia. and tetlly piiicn forlorn and^maVade'd 
Ctiumha. I low kind ami cenerous— ft 
tlut we fhould dfdme her fe.v,c(, ^^A 
her (oLci;udc wil'' coolciea agjl^fpi 



Ungrateful Ancricani — prefer a h^fid. 
a Oireiaofy.Aiid the flow cjurfc uf the 
adminiftraiion of julln.e, 10 the (umniai 
ceedmgi of 9 liepartment?! coaimin"ioni.r. > 
pid execution of tlie ^uilieiirtf I W 
not Ulicvc the pnifcHioni nnd proicditio 
of Fr.inc( f h Ihe like a mercenary harlot w 

ipt? lo her embrace, when in thai embrace 
13 dejth ? Has Ihe a d.cjger ccmLcaled, thai 
we thus approach her wuh caution and love 
her bell at ^ d<j}^>ii€ } U hers the SyrenS 
Ice that allurcMo dcllruflion wiili its me- 
lody i So fofr. fi.) fwcet, how u'im«nly to 
drown il5 dolcct nof* with ihc rjltlin;^ of 
ar.Tis & the foU'idoflhr trumpet ' Americans 
b-n.ii deceived — yuut fji'eiy, under Gn.ljjon- 
lilh III yout fpiri: — your n.iiiiinal pride and 
ur.ilh.yed Fed.:r.i;irni. Pea<e is a blclTmg— 
«'iiile/> iJruW'defcnfivewjriialway?; glorious. 
ThCT^Vrtr mud proie<^ ihc pruni'i^-hoai, and 
the /iy.W imiil guard the /./.«;^i/-r. Wi,l,. 
out martial weapons, we fow the field and we 
plain (hi^ furrow, not lor ourfelvea bul foi 
rap.icious foes 1 

This. lay comple;ils (lie (iify.nxth fcrolu- 
ilun of the .Sun /ince GEORGE WASH- 
INGTON deccnded 10 bleG the world with 
I (lifpLiyoffuch virtue:! 31 conflitutciho har- 
mony and happiiicfjof Heaven. It wai re- 
len^d fi.r him to unite in one chamtltr pow. 
ers .md propeilie^ whidi had ptevioullv been 
efleem^id opp,,riic and liolille in ihei 
nnd eiTcCl) ;— to prove that virtue can e»ift 
amid the tempf..i:orn and difCpations of ar 
.irmy—r//.^/,,*, fmtle'henit,'nly in the .irdeni 
bofi'inof .1 foldier — wiftiom to J/uj/J and ener- 
gy tn/ee/Or-w.aftoniOi in the fiine Mrfon.^tn, 
cxhii>il tlic dauntlefj couraj^ of a HiRc 
tempered wjtli the mercy and benevolence of 
nn Amcel. It is, acj cvcj wdl remain piub- 
lem:»iital. whether Gtntr^t or PrlUtnt 
1 t'^-i\VASHl^;G^ON were the grrater or fur- 
" '"^^IpfHirg man. Oitr thing ii certain—that his 
"■.jmijoiifrain bf)iho(Iicc» wij dnly eiqualled by 
"-Jjiis irTeptriii;hab:c tondutt— unimpeachable 
iitcgrity— hj9 imiivivcable firmnefi— htsrjrt 
ibilitirs a-nd itivlntiblevaliJT. Under his mil- 
aiy corftrnand, th- Vnttid SfjltJ betantt i 
jWrdil— <'fl.iblini''d tJieir Independence— at 
thetvcd the mna brilll.mf vii^ories and clofed 
glauoiu cjiecr with triumph, ,whofe 
Iplci'idof wji iMipw.illelcd in the am'ialt of 

During his Civil AdiTtmillration, ih 
Ajneticaii name cncreafed in refpetflabdity. 
.1, learnt to form ^treaty \Wjh her for 
mer foe, and cl nm the now fnendiy pown 
is her mort natmal .illy :— Dared perform ar 
.ii of nanonal fovercignty — though Fr.^nrx 
rowncd wiihrefenimenr, and fadtionmuiier 
■dvuin ihrensjnd eyed the ir^ipr.rtant com- 
p.itt wiih difplcafiire' Our Mavy, \%hich now 

Oiajcdic on ihe ocean, commence'd 
tiiftclicc which will be cijuall; honorable and 
laftilij,- And A.Meri.., gjiiicd experience 
-one of dif mofl valuable of national ic- 
juitementj. She bccinic informed, thai 
lICa^i':» wtrt v-in arid feeble wli 

i/ic-fr/ to c«^>[l,c the »bli^.\tioni iLpulaicd 
by the prfK Tliai humility and forbearance 
followed by Nifult aiAi injury— and that 
/>^-i ^yj^i-fl in as ntcefTarytd naturals, toindi 
vidujl reparation. From the wife arrange 
ment)m»d,-by WASHINGTON dnrlnghi. 
I'lrfdnii/hip, we now reaJi'iC ihebleJTings jm 
privileges for which be laboured in ihc field 
of war. — Purfiiing the fame fyfi«m, our pti 
fent Chief Ma^if^tate, with the firmnefs of 
philofopher and ihc 7eal of a patiiqt, defeii 
ingly teceivcs the love, confidence and aj 
plaufe of the millions of grateful Freemen, 
ijv(. whole happincf* and imcjcft he watchc 
wiili untcafing vigilance and patemal care. 

Agnin behold with wondt-r- Angelj an. 

Men! rhc venerable foim of WA6H1NG 

TON is arrayed in martial g.ub^and 

hii filvereil hiir. waves aliejdy thaplume ,. 

tniimpli ;— yes. for when he quiticd the re 

irejt'of J.isold ,i(;c — h.s paradifc o( Miwrt. 

f/'fa'f.io wc.ld his (on.iuennjj fword at ihe 

head of nur invincible legioon, the Demons 

ot fjflionandRcbcllion (hrunk indifmayfrom 

hiv prcfince, and none bin the voice of eiuli- 

ng Fcdtrahfm was heard from the waters of 

Si. C/jrv 10 the f.irihefl fromiers of Gtor. 

X:.tt ImmoilalWASHINGTON-mjyih. 

t be- cheered witlifelicilici, couhilcfs a 

• nlucs. pure ai thy mind, and bnllmnl at 

c^ploiti ' And when in fome remote pe- 

.1 of tune iLou art iranD.ned 10 ihy natut 

He.u-en—iTuy thy mantle be caught by fome 

future (on of ihv love.1 Cclumhra, who. emu- 

n^ thy charadcr, ihaJI deferve the eulogy 

"'» ^"<I 'epay of a pfjlcful country, or the applaufcofan 

'licioo! Mioufiiig world I 



Inn lie Anchor Clpb. 

l/iL-f command our ve.i/rh ter/jj/l h rith and 
fire ij our ■u.-esllb tj'Titnjrdi ul, •tue are 
facr in,!„J. — Jai grent a Jihji tf ihr voliif 
cfo fuVrriinate iti1er,JI may kr f/v \itr-jfur<t 
if Its dangrf*ai treli jj i!x iertmn ru,n tf 
intrrtjli of a fitptrwr order. 

PARSIMONT and extravagance are both 
highW ir>juriou5 (o a ftate 1, but the former 
a more d.ingerous vice than the latter. By 
fufing to make proviHon for a ihreafcned 
ij, on motives of an oveiftraincd economy, 
boufands may be furtendercd 10 the dread of 
oxpcnfe, and, what is above all price, Honor 
and Independence may fall a facvifice to cal- 
lations on cents and farthings. With thit 
■ iihicvoui difpoGiion America has to con- 
id. It not only alTjils her in its raked fim- 
plicity, counting ooll without reference to 
1 advantage, but it is made ihe inllrument 
of anifice, lends iu fpetious countenaiKe lo 
:r treachery, and combined with pulila- 
iiy, h.i5 even induced fome to prefer in- 
hale, degrading tribute, 10 ihc cxpenfes of 4 
urt and an honorible war. — Could we pre- 
.lil on the pppofitjon lo rcfigfl other falfe no- 
-M and prejudice;, with which this is clofeiy 
onnecled, we Ihould have litlle to fear ftofta 
itselfeas. But while the ptefent anxiety fo^ 
novelty and innovation rxill* in defpirc of the 
lelTofi* 'vf experience ; while the aud-nty of 
republican manners, the fweeti of paftoral re- 
pofe, and the favagtnefs of voluntary power, 
are made mcrre the objcfta of our purfuit, 
than the urbanity, djgniiy and refinement o£ 
pohihcd life ; atul while rhii model -jf naiiott* 
al character' is •dfnired Ky the muliimdc^ 
though dtaWrr by the feverilh bnagiiia-.ion o£ 
thofe who, having bceu led by founder miodt 
into a new an-l dangerous path with fucccfa, 
fuppofe alt il flowery and fair, with neithet 
gin nur pit-faU. This rage icK frugality mult 
ilfo continue to qrobarrafj every meafure 
hereby Vc ihay hope to nfc ; it will' bang 
kc a mili-ftonc round tlic netk of our ccun- 
rry , md ddiver u* bound hand and Tool inic» 
the iluiches of our foe). It is however but 
,r to acknowledge, that ihefe thing* are 
forci:'n to ihe fpitit ani^ feelings of our in- 
Juflnous yeomanry, and the mote fober an4 
tefpe^ablc chfTes of our ciiiztoi. They be- 
come daily rtorc and more convinced that 
ihcir advocates arc men determined loamuf.: 
ilitmfclves, though with the dcflruOIon of 
bcH intercfls. Mirn who calumniate, con- 
demn and fhjiltlc the adminiftraiion, unrc*- 
(trained by refponfibirity. Men, whofe little 
ileni) mull be difplayed. whofe little rcfenl- 
icDta mua be gratified, whr^e inveterate prc- 
uduvi jrc not to be reOgned : Wlio are in- 
deed that four and fcfmenting qoality in « 
)ljie, by which the fedimesit of fociety la 
(lirred up to difcolot and confufc the whole 
ma(s. Yet notwilhftanding ihe great liody 
of out countrymen are tware of all ihi», it 
does noi follow ihat wr arc fecure from the. 
repeated attacks, and unweat.cd pcifevtraoC* 
if Faflion. We lnvc done inuch by our 
firm and decided mcafurcs in weakening iti 
.Hochce, and in cipofmg ir» inconCUeney j 
but by refolving to harird all in defence ot 
lit, we Hall nearly accomplilh its defeat. Wo 
dull do more i we (hall add vigor \o our en» 
dcavoti, enpreafa to our tclds. and tefj>cc\a- 
bihiy to our nanic. 

Cummerce m the fource which fuppliei the 
rcuUtin^: piittciple wf life, and while it i» 
kept free and unohfl/u.ncd, inJuflry is cn- 
oonged, arf . manufactures and agticuliure 
i>niinoc to lloutifh. and every pan of tha 
immunity is hcalihfsl and afftve ■ the bene- 
fus it dilTufej, reflet back the means of ei- 
tending them, and the expenfes aitendani on 
it« prefervjtion are, or may be, raurncd ten 
fola into the tolfers of (he rtate. Bm by 
denying our trade the necelTary proteOion, 
■;hc moiivei to iiidufhy wi|| trafc lo ciift, 
:he p(o<luce of cur couriry wdl becorvc » 
Irug, the influx nf wealth will be cut off, our 
farmer* be difpitited, and more real property 
loll to the flate than all lh«favinft of ccooo- 
c*tt leimbuxfe. 



Fi ./- ih C.rget^u-. [H. C.) Cntrte. 

MelTr* Elliott & DutJ, 
Among the many very fingular c'ucum- 
laiices which aitende.I the fetikment of this 
ountry. I have found no out that has given 
ne mere entertalnmrnt than lh>' exportation 
4 wives from Fjjgland,for ih« colony of Vsr- 
|iiii3. Dr. Iklknap, in hii American Bio. 
jraphy, a woifc tcpktc MitK inforniMion soil 



244 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



TiiK " Fkdkkai.isi-"' oi' 1800. 

Tliis thfV iliil, stvliiiiT it "'I'lic Fcilcralist ami New .Irvscy Stntr ( lazcttf." wliicli, tiiiilcr llic 
cilitdrsliiu (if (Icrsli<iin Cral't, hccamc a tierce ami Killei- ail\(ieate nf tlie l'"eileral eaiise until .liine, 
ISOO wlieii it was united with the (iAZKlTi;, and IIk; new jciurnal made its a|.iiearanee shortly after 
with the title of "The I'ederalist," l>y which name it was known until IS-J'.), at which time the F(>deral 
iiarty ceased to lie a ]Militical ]iarty. .\ftcr the close of the W'.w of 1S12, and duriuL' the sulisc(|Ucnt 
aihiunistration of President .Monroe, the paiicr took no part as a partisan in political controversy. 
On tlic fourth of .Julv, l.S2'.l, Mr. William P. Slierman, havini: sc>c\n-e(l from Mr. Prall. the jiroprietor 
of the " True .Xmcriean,"' a transfer of lli,-il name, and from his father, ( ieorue SlieiMiian. the owner- 
ship and control of "The Federalist, "' tin- title Nicw .1 i:i;si:v Sr.\TJC (!.\zi'"]"no was renewed, and hy 

this name it has Ihh'U since known, mitil ipiite 
I'ei-cntly, when, as a niattci' of convenience, it 
was alilii-cviatcd to Siatio (lAZiriTK. '{"his Mr. 
{'rail, hy the way. after disposiuL' of the "True 
.\niiric:in " to Mi'. Slicnnaii. rcmo\cc| to New 
^'ork. where he continued to reside until his 
dc.-itli. ,\t one time he was the pro|ii-iet<il' and 
editor of the "NiAV ^'ork Transciipt. "" nncl 
held responsilile eilitorial positions on several 
jonrnals, heinj: an easy, coi'i-cct and viironms 
writei', and well iiifoimed (in political topics 
and of cultivated literary taste, .\fter William 
P. Sherman had manaired the (1,\zktti-: a few 
\i'ai's, ( ieoi'iic Sherman I'esnmed his p<isition as 
ediloi-. ami held it until h'cluaiary, l<s;j.")j when 
he was >\|ceccdc(l liy his youUiicr Son, .huHes 
T. Sherman, a L:raduatc of \':\\i- Collet^e. who 
remained at its head mitil I'clirnai-y. 1S.");1. 
This Mr. Shcrnian sccm^ to |i;i\c liccu a tirm 

;iud inlluelllial Sllppollcl- of the pl-in<ipK'S of 

ihe Whii,' )iarty, and undci- his manaLrement 
the ( Iazk'ITK was one of tlic most ellicient ad- 
vocates of that ca\ise. its I'cpi'cscntati ves ami its 
candidates. The tiles show that allhouuh very 
di'cided and tirm in his conviction-, Mr. Sher- 
man was just to \i\> opponents, thcrchy i^ainin^ 
additional inllucnce with the puhlie. He was, 
after liis retirement, an anient ami useful sup- 
porter of the Uepulilican pai'ty from its tirst 
ortjianization, in IS'iti. until its suci'css in tlu^ 
election of IStil). .\ ftci' the conuneueement of 
the Pvchcllion he was a most valuahlc assistant to ( iovernor « )lden. hut failin;; health compelled him to 
relimjuish Ids work, and until the twentieth of May, lSi;2, he was eupi.^ed in no active occupation. 
lie was Init forty-ei;.dit years of aire at the time of his death, and is one of tlie few memhers of the 
editorial profession of whom nothinji hut kind words can lie spoken duiin;^ his life .as well as after 
his death. 




Til ! II,,, I , N i.M AitK wiii'iuii: .loiiN I.. >ni{i'n V sr.MtrKii in i i 

I'lU.N riN«i r.fSINl-X'iS IN TUKNTON, I.N IS.'j.'i. 



AlTK.VK.VNCK OF Tllli; " ( ! AZKTTE. " 

The G.\ZKTTK has always been marked hy ;i peculiarly neat typograiihical face. This is due 
largely to llie fact tliat its ow'ners and conductors were jiractieal j)rintcrs. In IS:!!!, .Mr. Henry 
Ilarron, who had served his aii])renticc,ship in the composing-room in Philadcliihia, became a 
partner in the concern and for years had the entire control of the mechanical department of the 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



245 





ari|L»|SSfe|^^j 






'HTrr J,;,,,- .- "" 



'OB pfmt;p: — • 



business. Down to 1<S40, the Oazette was jiulilislied as a wet'kly mily. At tliat time Sherman & 
Harron issued a tri-weckly edition, about one-third the size nf the daily, which was enlarged from 
time to time, ami im tlir lir.-f of January, 1847, gave jilace tu thr Slate Daily (Iazktte, being the 
second daily ])aper issued regularly in Trent(in. It was ])rin1cd nn a sliccf aljnul the size nf the lirst 
issue iif tlu' tri-weekly and in bmn'gciiis and nonjiareil type. in l>^"io, William Urnwn. a grailuate 
iif Princeton College, and 'Plmmas Claytnn I'xirden, a |iraetieal printer, pui'ehaseil the paper and 
took possession. Ill health traversed all their jciunialistic litness, Mi-, ilnrden retiivd in 1S.")4, 
sutfering with seated eonsumption, and ^Ir. Brown dit'd, having, in (Jctolier, 1S.54, sold the estab- 
lishment to Mr. Edmund ^[ori'is, of liurlington. 
Under the new proprietoi', the (iAZETTE suji- 
jiorted theiirineii)les of the \Miig ])arty, but <lis- 
plaved a great deal of sympathy \'nv tlie.Vmeriean 
movement, then in the full tiile nf success ; and 
when the I!e])nblican |>arly was urgaiiized, it 
tciiik an early and decided staml in its suppnit. 
placing the names of I'l-eniimf and I )aytiin at the 
heail iif the pa])er. where tliey nniaini'd until 
the thirtieth nf .luly, b^.")!!, when they were 
hauled down to be replaced by those of I'ill- 
mi ire and Donelson. This change was duetn 
the fact that tlu' (Jazktte liad bc.Mi sold to 
Cornelius M'. Tolles, of Newark, al^o a giad- 
nate of Princeton, who had lieeii eniployed oi 
the "Newark Advertiser." His conlicl of tin 
Cazette was brief. It teiniinated in bs."i7. 
when it jiassed temporarily under flic contiol 
of E. I!, liordcn, who sold il in .Inly, 1S.")7, lo 
.1. \j. Swayze. Yvry naturally, the defection of 
the (iAZETTE from Ivcpublican princi)iles caused 
a great deal of feeling, ami an association 
jirinted a rival, called "The Uepublicau Stati' 
(iazette," edited by .Tames T, Sherman and 
Henrv Harron (with wlioni the pii'^cnt pi'o- 
prietor served his apjirenticeship ), lint aftci- 
divers changes Mr. Swayze ]un-cliased il, and 
united it with the ( J Azirn'E, under the name of 
The State Gazette a.nu IvEI'iui.ka.n, and attci- 
a term of years sold it to Colonel Freese, \\lio, 
in LSIJo, disposed of it to llrook iV \',annote. 
In 1864, the "Monitor" (whieh was eilited |,y 

Dorsey Gardner and printed by Miu'phy A- I'.echtel ) was stai'lcil as a professed party paper, 
but it was devoted niainh' to the advocacv of a new thi'oU'jIi raili'oad line from New "^'ork to 
Philadelphia. It was unsuccessful and .Messi-s. I'.i-ook A- \'annole, proprietors of the Siwte 
(JAZETTE, pui"<hasud it in Deeember, ]8(;."). 

'I'm: Pi;i:si:.\i' KiccaMi:. 




'I'm: I-'l[!s'r I \t |-K<.\ IM l.Nl \Nli I'Nl \i;'.IMKN"i' IN THK Bl'M.l'IN'. 

(ai-ti-;k riimnAsiM. t, jn 186(!. 



In 1869 the Gazette was sold to .lohn I,. M\n'pliy and Chai-lcs llechtel, the former having 
entered the Gazette ofriee as an apprentice in bSoS, where lie remained until 185.5 ; the latter 
liaving been engaged on tint " Daily News" in 'I'renbin until 1S5(!, at whieh time he entered into 
a copartnership with Mi-. .Minphy in the estalili>hment of a job jirinting olliee. After the paper 
piassed under the proprictorslii]i of MnrpliyA- lieclilel, in ISIj'.), with ICnoeh R. Borden as editor, 
it rapiidly inereased in eireulation and iiilhience. They e.xpended considerable money in jiurehasing 
new types, ]iresses, &c., enlarged its iiews facilities and generally ]iut new lilV' into the husine.s.s. 
Shortly after they assumed control Mr. I'.orden died, and "Mr. William Cloke, who had been a 



Daily State Gazette. 



TKKXTON. N. J.. MilND.VV. USE 21. IWi 




Weekly State Gazette. 



\i)I. I \ [II -N'l' ^11. 



TUKNTnN, N J . TlirilShAY. JV'NE 27, lrt{*:. 







is;M9C[0!itui)wrti«. 





IN ADVANCE-»2 01> 


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SflllSBUBmEIER. 

iCCtPHUCE OF IHE T»Llt Of lOM- 
IN& * MlNlSTflY. 


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AITiniDE OF THE IRISH LEADERS. 


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ClRFENr£S-S UUm RUUIU. 


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na«r (<>D»a la it* Pumi* ni»r M 

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248 



THE CrrV OK TIIKNTON. 



reporter, Ix'Ciinic tlic tMlitor of the ]i;i])cr, :iii(l lillcil tlir |iiisiti(iii until -luly. \><')4. I Fc was youiijr, 
L'ntc'r])risiiif; and ('ntliiisia.<ti<', ami ptit all uf his (iU'rtry iiitn his work. These ehantios very soon 
lietian to tell upon the cireiilation and reputation of the Static (iAZETTi:. The jiaper took hold 
frround on several matters of irreat puhlie ini])ortanee, and exerted a marked intluenee upi>n the 
])olities an<l fiovermm'ut of the State. To its zealous and ahle ehampinnship tin' State is lartrely 
indehted for the jjresent (ieneral Railroad law ; the act of 1S77 redueimr the rate of interest from 
seven to six ])er cent. ; the aet authoriziiij.' the danmiiuL' of the Delaware river ; the (.'ongressional 
ap]iro]iriatiiins fur impi'ovini: the navi,i;ati"ii of the same str<'am. and for several other measures of 
more nr less importanee. It has exertt'd a larji'e iidluenee U|ion lej;islation at every session of that 
hodv. In the eity of Trenton its power during the past iln/en years has heeii felt in the promotion of 

many \-alualile iiiiprnvemeuts. In polities, the 




S^^T^-rrT^-... 



'''^^>^?^ 



Statk (Iazict'I'k has for years heen reeojrnized as 
the "State ort'an " of the Re].ul)liean party. It 
(leeupies a s(irt (if ullieial jjusitiun as the party's 
mciuthpieee in New Jersey, and its utterances 
are Lic'iierally accepted hy its memhers throuirh- 
iiut till' Stale as ortlnidiix liipulilicanism. It 
was fi'um the lirst an earnest supporter of 
I'l'oident JIayes' pulicy. It was strondy in 
fa\'or of i;i\'in,u that pulicy a fair trial, taking 
tlie lifiiimd that nothing;- was to lie hist if it 
failed, as nil surrender nf llcpulilii-an prin- 
ciples was piMpiixil ;nnl e\ I'l'ythiiin- was to he 
gained if it s^uceceded. It waiTcd a very dc4er- 
niiiicd wai-farc in hchalf cif "its ]iolicy," and 
excited thclili\' cdiisidcialiji' Imstilitv amiilit: 
the stalwarts. When, however, in the spriiiLr 
(if IST^, the Statk (Iazictti-; concluded that 
ihi- piilicv was a failure, in that the SdUth was 
"t(i(i stitt'-uecked and narrow-min(k'(l fraid<ly 
til rcs]iiind to the a'cnerous overtures of the 
administratidii, and ^vas ulivinush- trvini; to 
use the pretense (if ci mcil iiit i( m fur seeurini; 
cunccssiiins frnni thr i;(ivcrnmcnt witlmut 
makini;' an\' in retiu'U,"' it pnuiiptlv and 
emphatically took dilfcrent irround. On the 
twcuty-lirst of ^lay, IST.s. it jiulili.^hed a 
dnulile-lcadcd editiirial advdcat iuLT the luimina- 
tidu (if (ieneral (irant in ISSO, as the Itejiuhli- 
can Presidential standard-hearer. This article 
made eonsideralile stir in the |ioIities df the 
eotnitrv, heinjr (lUote-d and commented iipim fa\-(iralily nr nthci-wise. In l>>7o, the STA'ri; ( iAZKTTE 
passed into the hands of its ])resent owuci-. 

This uKive (.'ave Mi-. .Idhn L. Mui'pliy alisulutc cdntnil nf all dcpaitmciits df the Static ( Iazkttk 
estahlishment, and he hent all his ener.iiics in the directinn nf incrcasinu- the liusiness and eidarirint: 
the (piarters in which the jilant was Ideated, ruder the t;iiidance df Mr. Muriihy. who was indus- 
trious, ]iractieal anij untirin.i.', the circiilatidn df the newspaper lu'cw, the dcniand updii its adver- 
tising' space increased, tlu're was more work to tie done in the joh jirintint;' and lionk hindinj.' 
de]iartments, more lielp was neede(l and more machinery made necessary. 

.\ltlidut.di additidus had lieen made to the Static (!azicttk estalili-hnient in ls7'>, ciLrht years 
afterward further imiirovements were needed and made. The huildinu: was reudvated and the 
appearance of its exterior iinjiroved. New machinery was jilaced in the hindery. There W(n'c 
euttin(.', stamjiing and fiildini; macliincs ]iurehased at an expense of many hundreil ddllars, and 
more room lieing rccpiired, a large apartment, seventy feet lon.g, in the Haker ISuilding, adjoining 
the State Gazette estahlishment, was rented and fitted up as a hindery. 



Kl[(lWIN<i Sril.l, FcltTMEK I.MI'ltdVKMKNTS ANIi .-\ I.IUTI' iNS MAliK 
T(l THK BCII.III.VC IN 1875. 



rUK CITY OF TRENTON. 



240 



'SrerEonmr 



'^l^^^^ilmEii^^yl "' 



•«l 



/-rim 



ii — ^'1=:==?' 



Till- rstalilisliniciit liail l<(|i( pace witli the ,L'i-ci\\tli iif tlic city, and in the tliirty-si.x vears froni 
the time \vlirn tlic Daily Si aiI': (Ia/.ictte was issurcl liy SlicriMan iV Ilarinn, tliat .urowtli was 
rniiarkalilc. Tlif sriuuil numljcr nf the new ilaily, ilate nf .lannarv l-'itli, 1^17, enntains the 
anncanicenimt tliat the |iulilishers ■' have threat satisfaetiim in |iulilishini;- tiiis iiKirninji' a rejicirt of 
thi' |iniei'eiHni:s of Congress of yesterday, transmitted hy the ^hiaiietie 'relei.'ni|ih." 

In 1S47. tile year that tiie Daily Static (iAZKTTE was launeiicMl, Trenton \v;is a very dilTei-mt 
]ilaee from the Tniiton of to-day. Ivist of tlie i-aiial. " Tile (_'otta;j;es " eolifained the iireater iioi'tion 
of the ]ioj)ulution. At the other end of State street, ahove the State iionsi', William L. Dayton and 
a f(AV others had handsome i-esidenees ereeted notniany years hefore. The I lichees, (leiieral llossell 
and other wealthy ]ieo|ile oeen|iied elei^ant homes here, whili' on the o|i|Hisite side of the street 
ahoye the State Mouse there wen' \ery few houses, and those generally small. The feeder of the 
Delaware and Raritan canal fornii'd the northern homidary, and a f<Av strag-gling- houses connected 
the eit\' jiroper with the Sixth ward, or fjam- 
hertoiL There were a yeiy few cheaii hotels, 
and the wliole place had a rustic ap]iearance as 
eompai'ed with that of to-day. 'i'lie whole 
]iopulation of Trenton and Nottiiiiiham (the 
present city) and all adjoinint;' districts was 
not one-lifth of the present numliei'. The 
rollinjj; mill of the Trenton iron (.'ompany had 
l.ieen estahlished, an<l wire and wire rods were 
made. There were two or three foundries 
ami mai-hiiii- shops and an axe factory ; hut 
Trenton was not the manufactvu'injj or husiness 
center then that it has since hecome, nor at 
that tlate did all the inm mills in 'i'renton 
toirether employ lialf as manv hands as are 
now at W(irk in the Tiiiilon I ron ( 'onip.an v's 
liuildinus. There were no jiottei-ies here ; 
no manufactories of aiiricnlturid im|ilements ; 
no saw factory; no mallealili' iron woiks, 
and the manufacture of cotton and wnojeii 
fabrics was conducted on what wouM now 
he con>ideri-d a yery small scale, '{"here was 
not a wholesale dealer in anythini; in Trenton. 
At that time there wei'e three oi- four trains 
a day to Philadelphia and twn or tliice from 
New York, \vith yery scant acconimod.iti(pns 
for sendinjr or rcceivinj,' freif,dit. 

W'itli this threat f;rowth the Siati: ( Iazltti; 
■was jiromineiitly identilieil. 1 1 li.ad the inler- 

CStS of Trenton always at luait, and f<ir lliat .X.n.'Timik STA.n: in thk lMn...vi.-MKNT ani, ISksovation- ..i •nn.: 

,..',. . . JIl n.iuN<. IN 1883. 

reason made lor itsi'll a linn standing;' in 
the conimmiit\'. 

It wa> only two years aftei- tin' impro\ cments in the S'rAii': (iAZK'nic huildinir, referred to 
above, were made that the business rcipiii'cd a further enlariicment of the estalilishment. and 
aiiotlier story was added, makin;.' the bnildiiiL; live stories bit;!; and as it stands to-day. 

.Nbire room for jiresses w.as recpiired, and the cellar of the i)obl)ins huildini; was rented, to 
be used as a storerocMn for papia'. so that the room llicii nseil For that purpose niijibt be j;iven 
up to |iresses. The top lloor of tbi' Dobbins bnildiiii; was also rented and a stercotypini;- deiiart- 
mciit adde(| to the establishment. 

The most recent impro\-ement has been the addition of .-in eli'ctric lit;liting plant, which 
consists of a dynamo, with a capacity for supplying;- one bumlred and twenty-live incandescent 
lamps of jireat lijrhting power, and faeilitatinf; the wurk and adding to the comfort of the largo 
force tliat i.s employed during the night. 
«■-■'• 







2oO '11 IK CITY OF TllKNTON. 

The Statk (Iazicttio was cstalilislu'd in 17'.I2. In thr lilirai'y cciniirctril wiih the cilitdrial 
(U'l)artiiicnt arc jircsfrvcd cdniiilcto tiles i)f the jiaper. iindcr its iiiauy clianircs of name, sinee 

Januarv. 1707, at wliieh time a new vohnne 



r 




|lo{^ Ni^U R PHy| hs,F3?Nii««^^^ 




jTrPi'«: 



^/iiMpiifr, 










TlIK AHo\-K IlKI'ltKSKNTS THK KsTAltl.lSir M KNT AS IT KuW IS 

wiTri TiiK Ai>in'rr"N' fii- anotukjc stoky, ani> otiiku 

1 M IM:<>\KM KNTS (•(.Ml'l.h.'lKI) IN 1 SS.i. 



was stai'te(l, and the ]in)|)i'iet(irs then, appar- 
cnlly, nut rai'inL' tci preserve the volumes of 
its )iredeeessor. The original copy is a small 
slieet, 18x22 inches, and having liiit four 
eohnnns to the page. In ]S12, the columns 
wi re lengthened and another added to each 
jiage. The long "s" was used in those days, 
and up to 1S2(I, when it was diseonliiiued. 
liesidrs the complete tiles of the ( lA/.KTTi:, the 
lihrary contains hound volumes of '• Hinilap iV 
( 'lay poulc's .\nicrican Daily Register." printeil 
in riiiladcljihia as early as 1771I; the "■ New 
.Icrscy .Journal anil Political I'egister." jirinted 
at Kli/alicth-Town, N. J., in 1 7'.i2-'.i:! ; the 
•'New Ynvk State (iazette," 1 7N1) ; liache's 
"AlU'ora." and ■'.Vurora and (icncral Adver- 
tiser.'" I'hiladclphia and Fiaiikf. .rd. 17'.l'.l- 
ISI):); (he ■■Trenton Ti-ne American," INOI- 
■_'>i : the ■■National 1 ntclligcncei^ and Wash- 
ington .Vdvcrtiser," 1S()1-10, and other 
joui-nals of more recent dates which lia\-i> 
liccn alisoriicd \>v the Siaii; ( iA/.Kirt: in 
its more than a century of existence. These 
old volumes and the < 1 \/.i:i"rK"s com]ilete 
(lies are frei|Uently consulted hy lawyers 

and others in search of infoi-mafiou <-oncerning matters of which no ri'coi-d has heen kc'pt except 

that given hy these ancient tomes. 

Mr. .John L. Murjihy. its ]ircscnt ownci', 

was horn in Trenton, New .lcrse\', .huie I'.Kh. 

1S2.S. .\t the age of ten years, he entcrcl 

the Weekly S'l'A'ii-: ( J A /I :r'ii; ncwspapci^ and 

printing olliee as errand hoy and news-cairicr. 

In that ca]iacity, he carried the lirst tri-weekly 

and the lirst daily iiewsjiapcr )iuhlisheil in 

Trenton. At the age of sixtciai years, lie wa- 

regularly a|iprentice(l to .lames T. .'^herman to 

learn the ]>rinting Imsiness. lie served hi- 

time and woi'kcil with the lirm, then Shcrnian 

I'i: Ilarroii, as journeyman until INoli, in whicli 

year Ih' took the |)osition of foreman in tie 

"Free Press" otlice. At the expiration of six 

months, the ])a]ier suspended, and Mi-. Mnrpln 

honght the material and started a joh olliee. 

He was one of the jiioueers in this husiness in 

'J'renton. Three months after setting up in 

husiness for liimsclf, he took in Mr. Charli- 

Ilechtel as eipial partner, am! they removed 

to the huilding on the corner of State and 

tireeno streets, the jiresent site of the large 

])rinting estahlishment of .John L. M\npliy. 

In 180!), the firm jiurehaseil the Sr.vTK ( i.\/,i;rri:. 

and .soon increased the circulation of the 

weekly to seven thousand. In -Inly, 187o, j,,,,., j,. mi lu-nv. 




THE CITY OF TRKXTOX. 



251 



Mr. Murpliy liciui^lit (Hil the intcirst (if Mr. I'.cclilcl, and lias sinre (•(inductrd Uir luiHinc-,- liini.-clf. 
I)m-inu' his laiTri-, .Mr. Mur|i|i y lias licld scvcial iiiiiMuianl |Misitiuiis nl' |inlilic tni<t. I Ic was twice 
I'lcctcd Tax Cnlliildi- ill tlir lily of Tiriitnii. was riiilrd Stali'^ Internal lIcNcnni- .\ssrssiii- i if the 
SiTMiid Distiirt (if .\(\v Jersey, frill 11 ISIi.S uiilil tlir dllirr was aluilisliid 1)\' ad nf ('(iiitiiTss and its 




EiTiimiAi, IiKl'.AltrM KN'r. 



duties merired into those of ('ullector ; was then ( 'nllectdr unlil .laniinry, 1 SjCi, wliiii ln' ri^iLiiird in 
order to devote himself iimre e.xelusively to his extensive and im-reasini; Imsiness. lie is entirely a 
self-made man, and liis .sueeess in life is due to .ureat natural shi'ewdncss and f.ii'-seiiiiL;' husiiie'.ss 
sagacity, boundless energy, an enterprisiiiit sjiirit that is dismayed or tinind iisidc li\' no ohstaeles. 




l'K"i>F'I{l-:Ai»iN'(i Iil.l'.Mfl'M l:Nr. 



'I'he editorial force (•(insists of .Mr. Thomas I lolmes. edilnr-iii-ehicf ; Mr. Henry ('. Ihiclianaii, 
a.ssistant eilitor, and .Mr. I'"rne-t II. Tondinsoii, city editor. ()f late years, tlie |ia|ier has sleadily 
increased in e.xcellence, circulation and inllueiice. and iiccii|iies to-day a commandini: position in 
New Jersey journalism. The daily has a large and suhstantial circulation in Trenton and vicinity. 



2.V2 



THE CITY OF TllENTON. 



Tlic wccklv cilitiiin is circulMtcil tlimuL'li cvcrv iii>st-i>llii-c in the State. Sinci' Mf. M uipliy took 
alisuliitc ruiiti'dl of llir in'\vs|ia|ifr, the daily has hccii ciihifL'i'd to ci^'ht ami the wcrkly tn twelve 
))ages, and lie has jiroiiijitly acted himiii rvei-y su,i:i;estii>ii that necitrred ti> hiui I'ur the iiii|ii-(iveineiit 
of the piihlication in all its departments. 

The St.vtio (\\/.v:n'K daily and weekly newspajicr is cmly a part uf the L;i-eat piiiitiiiLT estahlish- 
nient from wliieli it is issued, '{'he resources of The .lojui L. Miir|iliy I'lililishiiiL' ( 'onipaiiy are 
superior to tliose of any other estal)lishinent in .New Jersey ill excellence, variety ami cliea])ness. 
This estalilishnient challcnjics comparison with any in tiie larire cities. It does not allow itself to 
he outdone ill either (piality or ]irice. It ha> the lust modern machinery and e([uipments of all 
sorts, the hest craftsineii and as caiiaMe and aeeom|ilishe(l foremen as the country can produce. 
In short, everything in the pi-intini;- hue that is done anywhere, is done here in the ln'st possihle 
maiuier, and at hottom prices. 

ST.\■|■|o^^■.l;^■ 1 )i:i'AirrMi:.\i'. 

This, one of the larui'st and most important Kranehes of Ihi' husiiiess. is located on the' second 
lloor of the huildiiii;-. froiitiiii;- oil liotli State ami liroad streets. As tiie views show, the dc|iai-tiiieiit 
is ver\' comnioilious. as imleed it must needs he to c(]ntaiii the immense stock which it is neccssarv 




C<il NIIM, Kn..\t AN I. S I AT liiN h:H \ I 1 1 ; I ■ \ K I'M KNT. 

(South view.) 



to constantlv carrv. Tlie li'oods eiiihraec a laru'c and complcti' variety of statioiierv, Mank-hooks, 
legal hlanks and ircneral ollicc tixtiin^s. On the shelves arc note, letter, lej^al cap and fonlseap 
jiajiers of various f;rades and styles ; envclojics in endless variety, from the tiiiest imported to the 
cheap inaiiilla ; jiens, ink and mucilafie of all the Ix'st manufactures ; L^uld ]iens and liolilers ; pocket 
cutlery ; Faher's, Ea<(le and Dixon's lead ]iencils ; automatic and pocket pencils ; crayons and slate 
]>eneils ; Fahers and Havidson's velvet riihher erasers ; steel erasers ; l'"aher's rnhher hamls ; ruhher, 
celluloid, wood and cork ]icii holders; ]ia]ier files and clijis : Icttci' tiles; iron ami L;la>s paper 

\veij,dits ; letter eo])yiiig jiresses ; letter copyinL;-! ks ; nioisteiiiiiL' hrushes and water wells and 

racks; red tape; jiiiis ; sealing wax; notarial wafers and seals, in all sizes and colors; gummed 
lahels ; Medill's fasteners; sta])le presses and staples; eyelets; letter scales, all sizes, in hrass, 
nickel ami hronze; iiost-olliee and package boxes ; manilla wrajijiing jiajicis ; hill head, envelope, 
letter and postal eard lioxes, in japanned tin ; toilet jiapers ; sheet or small cards, all colors, weights 
and (|ualities ; visiting, wedding and mourning cards; hall eards and jirograinnies ; show cards; 
tourists' and shipping cards and tags, and one of the largest and liuest .stocks of office and liluary 
suiiplies in the city, eoni]irisiiig hrass, nickel, walnut and eliony-hase ink stands and s|ioiige cups ; 
cut-glass ink stands, mucilage eujis, sponge cujis and j)aper weights, while and colored; jiorcelain 



THE CITY OF TKKXTON. '253 

and linish \n'n wijiers, pliiin ami decorated ; edluldid. ivory and jiearl jiaper folders and cutters ; 
cedar, rul)l)er and elxaiy rulers; oHicc or waste liaskcts, iin|ii)i-ted and domestic; fountain ]icns, of 
all the latest imiiroved jmtiiits ; safety jmeki't aiimxi's fui- pens ami |icncils ; slamjiS, seals and 
presses for societies. 




C"i NTiNt;-K"'tM AMI Stationkiiv DF.I'AKTMKNT. 
(North view.> 



The sto<'k of IrLial Manks consi-sts of lionds, niorti;aucs, deeds; cliaiicciy, puliic justici' and 
justice of the jieace lilaidis ; landlords' Manks; notes, ilrafts and checks, Iodsc or in Kinik fdi-ni. 
The blank-hooks consist of day-hooks, ledgei's, cash-hooks, journals, invoicc-l ks, liill-huoks, 




Patkr Stock anfi I'AcKiNrj Di.;i'\ifrMKNT. 



order-liooks, time-hooks, milk-hooks, minute-hooks, hutchers' and irnicers' Iiooks, recci))t-hook.s 
and coi)y-hooks. in all sizes and styles of hindin.L', jiass-hooks in manilla, |)ress-hoard and leallier 

covers. ,\n\- kind of I k whiili cannot he found on the shehcs will he fui'iiishcd in the shortest 

possible time froni the liindery C()nnceted with the estahlislinieiit. 



254 



THE CITV OF TliKXroX. 



Till' l)usiiu'ss (illicc is lc)c;iti'(l in tiiis iK']):u'tnn'iit, where all onlers are received and 
iiiiniediately dis]iatclu(l 1<> the variims departiiicnts hy means of elevatnrs, siieakiiiir-tnlies or 
nu'ssongers. I'Mrlicular care is taken in |iaekini;- all u'linds to ])revent injury in trans|iiirtatiiin ; 
when deemed necessary they are linxed and deli\<'ied in any |iail of the lily, nv to ex|iress or 
railroad comjianies, free of cost. 




NKWSI'AI'KU COMroSINMi l)Kr.\ltTMl-:NT, 



Jon r'oMI'oslNO l)i:i>Ain'MKNT. 



The jot) composing de])artment is especially desipied witli a view to turn out, in a ra])id and 
econondcal manner, all <'lasses of conunereial, hank, insurance, socictv and lepd work, and to this 




Jul; CiiMru^.i.\i. Dki'aktmknt. 



end is hrous;lit the aid of those lalior-savinj; appliances so es.sential in these <lays. The tyjie is new, 
and includes not only those clear-cut and delicate faces which the law of good taste reiiuires for the 
lighter kinds of work, hut the hold, well-delined and odd shapes which appeal to the fancy of that 



THE CITY (»F TRKN'TOX. 255 

cliiss of eiistiimers wlm \\:iiit sii'ikiiiL; cITrcts. Tin- luiits nf tv|M' an' arraii,tj;('il in scries, neatly 
lilheled, elassifird. and ciicln^i'd in Mack walnut dn--t-|ii-iiiit' caliincts. I'xirdcrs. card nrnanicnts, 

cuts, steret)tyi"' ami clcctr(ity|ic |ilatcs, metal and \v 1 I'uniitni-c ai'c ecntrallv lueatcil and con- 

venient. Speaking-tuhes cnniicct witli the ullicc and |ii-css-r(i(iin, an elcvatui- Idwcrs and I'aises 
tj'i)c-f()rms to and from tlie [iress-room, and a sniallei' clcvatnr is in use for paekaLres, |iri"il's and i-opy. 




Book CoMPosiNO Dkfartmknt, No. 1. 



I'.oiiK ('ii.Mi'nsiN(. l)i:r.\irrMi:\T. 



The hiiok c()in|iiisino ilc| lail mcut conipiisi's the cntii'c upper lludr. and has a capacity n[ two 
liundrcd (ictaxip paocs a dav. 'I'hc lahm' in scttino, provino'. I'cadiiiL:. corrcctint;'. inakiuL'-up and 




ItooK' CmMI'i.sIX.. Ill |-AT{ IM I \ I . N... ■.:. 



revising this aniduiit of typi' is simply eiiuniiiius. When we considci' that in (lie eomposilion of 
two liundrcd octavo pages very nearly thrce-ciuarters of a million of sejiarate characters are han(lle<l 
by the compositors, and over three-quarters of a ton of metal \n\i. into position, we get sonic idea of 



256 



TFTE CTTY OF TREXTOX. 



tlic W(irk ]>crfitriiKMl ; l)ut when we think tliat ciicli typr can lie |il:iicil (•i;;lit ilifTcrmt ways, seven 
of wliicli are wrong ami only one riixlit, we marvel at the skill, aeeuraey and jiatieuee necessary in 
a system wiiicii enaMes any one ollice to linish, day after day, sucli a vast amount of work with 
searcelv an error. This standard, however, is (|uite necessary. wln'U authoi's and ]juiilishers are so 
critical that the non-alii;ninent of a single letter, eve)i if hut a himdi-edth pail of an imli. is con- 
sidered a serious fault and uns])arinj.dy condennied. 

In this de|iartment is a com|ilete assoi-tmeiit of the plain faces, hoth oM style and I! ui, 

together with the series of head-letters for title pages, headings of ehajiti'rs, iV:c., for letter-press, 
stereotype and electrotype work ; also, fonts of (ireek, and algehraical, mathematical and medical 
signs for scientili<- work. The type has lieeii selecteil with care, anil meets tlie wants of the various 
classes of work riMpiiring large (piantities of special letters or characters. 

The (I.vzKT'n-: hook estaiilislmient has deservedly a high re]]Utation for snpciior work, a reputa- 
tion liuilt Up liy close application, careful management, a searching atteulion to detail, and tlioi'ough 
knowledge, (iood work can only he ])erforme(l with perfe<-t materials and regular iiiethods, and in 
this respect the e.xcellenee of the ( i.vzKTTK ollice is well known. 




STKKKOl V l*K FoCN IHtV. 



In fornu'r years a i)rinter's trade was incomiilete unless the jotn'neyman was not only a 
master of hoth tyjie and jiresses, hut had, in addition, a smattering of half a dozen other trades, 
and a su|ierlicial knowleilge of the dead languages. To-day, however, when the productions of the 
press-room reach into the realms of high art, and the artistic work of the compositor is really 
marvelous in its execution, the apjirentice tcini is insullicient to admit of his liecoming skillful 
in more than one deiiartment, and the se])arating of the two hranches is a ncces.sity. The press- 
room and tv]>e-composing rooms of the (lAzirrTF. are arranged according to this systiin, and the 
results are entirely satisfactory 



Sii;ui:orvi>i-; T'oinony. 



A stereotype foundry is a necessary ailjuiicl to \\\i- modern printing ollice. ami in numerous 
ways adds much to its eftVctiyeness and economy. The multiplication of plates considerahly 
reduces the expense in working large orders — the advantage inuring alike to the |iroducer and 
consumer. The jirocess in use is simple, admits of great rapidity in making the matiix and easting 
the plates, and works uji what is otherwist> the waste material of an ollice. 



THE CITY OF tri<:nton. 



^r,: 



I'i;i:ss-l!(i(i,M. 

The jircss-njiiiii is in krc|iiiii; uitli tlic ntlu r wcll-iii-nuiLivil and c-uii\riiicii| i|(|j:ivtinciits uf tln' 
luiildinj;-, and |i(isscssrs cvci-v advantaL;r nccrssary furllic c|uick. rllicimt aii'l iirdci-l\- advanccnicnt 
of the work in its jiarticuiar splicTc. Nine |in\vi'r |nTsscs, wilii tl-u' Icrn iniia-uvcnitnts in 




Book and Jor Pbess Department. 



receivinir, di'livrrino, connlinL;. intlin^, fuldiuLi and |iaslino llic slicils. mirt tlir ciinsiant! v-vai'vinu; 
demands of an I'xtcn.-ixc and inliiralc Imsinos. jlnsl and \(rniin-|iiMiif idllci- Imxc's and ink 

ciihinets, racks fcir (Iryinn |irintrd slicds, (■lr\aturs i-nnniiiL: tuihc julianil 1 k i(]ni|iiisino-r(ii)nis. 

.speaking-tul).:'S ednni/ctini;- with thr Imsincss and thr \ai-iiins d('|iartnicnts where mcessai'v, and 



'T^ 




NK\\r*rA I'KIt ri{ KJ*-S-Rf I' >M. 



other conveniences, make tlie ]iress-rooni one of the hest in llie Stall'. In fact, the e(|nipnient of 
the |)ress-riirini is as eiini|ilele as time and money can make it. 

In additiiiii |i, ilic i-i'L'nlar unik ul' the press-room, tiie l)Usiness of i-ojler-makin;; for the trade 
is a prominent fealnie. and i-eeeives the allenlion its iniporlanei' di^niands. 



25S 



11 IK (ITV OF TUK.NTOX. 



Tin; I!i.Mii.\(i l)i:i'.\i;iMi:.\T. 

Tiic liiiidcrv (iccupics tln' tiiiiil tliMirof the Imilcliiii: ami is iliviiicd iiitd tlifcc ilrjjartiiicnts, 
wliicli arc tiKiriiu.Lriily i'(|ui|i|icil witli tiir latest marliiiicry necessary fur (•(•(luoiiiical ami {'Xjn'clitious 
work. Aiiioiiir the inipriivciiiriits ai'c three steaii) eiitters. jri-eatly surpassing; the haiiil niachine in 




Ilii()K-SK\VIN(;rAN It STITt in\(i I lb, I'AIITM KNT. 



overv particular tnr euttiiiu', hcsiiles savini: a Lircaf deal nf lalinriim- work. A valuaMi' aci|iiisilic 
tit tliis di'partinciit is the fnlding niachine, wliic-h eualilcs a skiliful (ipi'ratui- Id do the work 
several hand I'nlilii-s ; and when the Liihdes arc nicely adjusted it will I'uld much innre neatly and : 




\NI> Sl-:\\INiJ DKl'AilTM KNT. 



liettcr style than can lie aecdniplished manually. Al'tci- the sheets are foldeil they are ])ackcd lip in 
hundk's, jilaced hetween hoards, suhjci-ted to hard pressure in jiatent |ii-esses especially desiiineil for 
the ])Urpose. and lahcled ami stored awa\' until nci'ded. There is ample room in the dejiai-Imcut to 
store fifteen tons of folded sheets, as was recently provcil. .\fter the last slieet of a hook that is in 
press is received from the ])ress-rooiii, the hundles are luiticil and arranged .ierldtiiii, the sheets 



THE <ITV OF TI!KXT(»X. 



259 



iiaflicrcd ami ccillatcil. ainl tliin slilc|ii-il dii the inarliiiic. (ir scwnl, arc-cinliuM to tlic rci|iiirciiirii(s 
of tlic wdik. In this |iait nf the lni>inr» llu' uiiati'st larc iici'(l>I«i lie cxci-cisiMl, as frcijuiaitlv a 
ilii/rii 111- iiiiirc ililTcrciil Imoks ari- iiiiili r way al llic saiiic time. 'I'lic stilcliiiii!' iiiacliiiic is essential 
if eeiiiiiiiiiy anil i-a| lii lily arr ti > I le st ni lieil. It riii|iliiys wire ami ilues its work i|niekl\- and siili- 
stantially. tlie ri>ult Keiii'j si i-unLiei- and neater liindini; tlian if thi'ead \\a- used. 'I'lie eapaeitx- nf 
this stitehef is eei'tainly wimdeifnL With an e\|iert ii|iei-atiir, a ui-eat deal nf wmk can he dune in a 
vefy shiil't time. It is hy far the hest lahi ir-sa\ ini; inaeliine in the hindei-y. 'I'wu standinir [ife.sses 
ai'e I'eiUlifed tn |il'ess the dilTeienl i-cilids iif \\iill<. and t w 1 1 |iai;inL; maehines ai'e used, inie of which 
nnmiiefs fiom to one less than a million. They ai'e needed for |ia;:im: hiank-hooks and for 
nnnihefiiiL: elieek-liooks, eertilieates, 111- any elass of work that rei|nires ninnheriiii;-. Thi-i-e is. also, 
in this ile|ia:-tnient a steam sawini; mai-hiiie. \\hieli does it- work \ei-\ neatl\- and rapidh-. It is 
almo.-t imlis|iens.-ilile in a w-i-ll-a|i|ioinlei| hindi-ry. To ke(-|i n|i with the exi-r-ini-i-easinLr w m-k of 
the olliee. it « as fonml neeessary to inlrodiH-e the mai-hiiies refen-ed to. With thi-ii- help work' ean 
he done niUi-h ehea|ier than otherwise, and, as .-i n.-itural i-onsei|ni-nee. iheie i- nini-li inoi-e of it to 
lie done th.-ni liefoi-e their int roduetioii. The hiiidei-y i,- in uool shape to tnin out work at verv 
shol-t iiotiee. and the low piiee- i-liai-i;ed e.-nniot fail to enmnianil tin- .-itleiitinn of the pnhlie. 

I!lI.TM:-i!<ioM. 

In tills I'oom all the i-uIIhl: for lilank-himk-. hill heads, lellii- and imte heads, t^'e.. is done on 
an iinpriiv.-d steam rulin-_; niaehine. .\ patent -ti-iker is attaehed to it. li\- which certain kind- of 
wo|-k mav he done very i-xpedil ii aisly : al-o ai-c stoi-ed liei-e the dilTcrent kind- of hoards ii.-i-d in 




I HI- vit-r\i KN r. 



l>indin<r, .such as tar, cloth, fiillci-'s, straw. truid<, honnd, \-<-. I'ali-nt talile slieafs afc ttsed to <-iit 
the hoards to the various sizes feiniired 

The ilhistr.-itioiis mi these paizes show the ( i AZiiril-: hnildinL; in \x'>'i. and siihsei|iieiit yi-ars w itli 
the iliiin-ovcnielits made thereon at intervals up to the present liinc \\ hen the last im])i-ovciii(-iit 
Wiis made, a few yeafs a,ir<i. an addition of nearly foity per cent, in Hour space was •.'aiiied. wiiich 

it was tlmUL'ht uonld acconn l.-ilc the hnsiiicss for some time to come, luit willi Die elilarjieil 

((Uurters and facilities lor more rapidly cxccutiii.t;- onh-rs. eainc im-rcasi-d demands, and imw- every 
t'iMit of availidile S|>aee is in ttse. 

At this time, ton, the hook and joli printiii-- depart nt received especial allenlion, and many 

liimdreil fonts of worn-out and old-fashiom-d ty|ie were tlirown away, and a new and niucli larfrer 
su|iply procured, which includes all tin- standard and new face-. .\n examination will conviuee 
the most skepti(-al of the truth of our claim, that a larL'<-r ami lim-r collection does not exist in New 
Jersey, and is surpassed hy few estahlisiimciits in tin- I nion. 



CII.\l''l'Kli XXXI. 



riiASKs OF (■n■^■ i.if 




'PiiK TKHNrnN Makkkts — 'I'm:!!: lliMr.i.h; r.i;(.i\MM;s AM> I'i;i;>i:nt Siatis — A llisidin' of Somk 
(ir ■riii', ()i.iii:i; ('rr\' Stkiokts — l!i\i:i,' I .Mi'i;n\i:.M|.:NTs — Attkmi'ts Wiinii 1Ia\f, IIki'.n Madk 
To l\ii'i;uvi: iiii: I )i:i.a\\ akk — l'\\ii.ri;i': i<v am, tiiksk l'iin,ii:(Ts — Tiij-; 1'ui:si:nt ('(iNnnioN iiF 
THE I'uoni.KM — .liillN 1-"FIi'II AMi iii< Si'i:a m i;( ja t. 

'"''' l!lCN"r()X. .-IS ;i criitri- I'm- ;i l;i rLT'' :i'-;i'ii'iill iii-nl ili~trii-l ami i1- pali-iit ailvaiitascs as a 

)^ ^liiplpiiiL;- pdiiit. via l>iiiliaiu Imal ami >liallii|i, was i-ai'ly rrcalcil a market town. 

^ I'mli r ami liy \irtnc of tln' |ii-c-l!i\ ulntioiiai-y inc-o:|iiiratinii ot ilji' ■■ Borougli 

']h\ Town ol' 'rrciitoii," We lind fairs crci-trd in tlic vill.-iiic This is proliaMv the 

oriixin of the Trrnlou marki'ls. An investigation fails to locate any niarkct-lionsc 

lieforc llir l!c\olntion, altlioui^li one |ii-oli,aMy fxisti'il. In fact, the lii'st allnsion 

to the snhj<'c-t is in the Tow n- I'.ook. umh-r ilalr of M.n-ih. IT^o. whrrchy .lames 

i. ^ ('lia|iman airrees to |iay thirty shilliiiL:s pel' ycai' for one of the " Stalls in the Mai-ket 

Q) I lonse."' This eililil-e was nmlel' the eal'e of the town nuiLHst rates ami ( )verseers of 

the i'ooi-. When this market was huilt no one has yet aseert.aiiuil. That the 

liuihlinL;" lieeanie antii|nateil at Ihi- time is heyonil ilouht. ( )ne of the evidenees of this is to h(> 

found in the proeeedini;s (if Col .n Couneil in IT'.'.! (l)eeemher "_".lth i, when Charles .\\foi'il 

l-t'i)(irted he had sold the old maiket for L-") Is. IDd. This mai-ketdiouse st 1 in the middle of 

W'.-irren street, fronlini: the jnnetioii of that tlioronL;hfai-e at ."^tate ~tii'<-t and extnidim; noilh sixty 
feet. Here were loeateil the town pump, stocks ol' pilloivand w]iippini:-]iosl. Tradition has it 
tliat the whip|)inir-]iost was stolen on a dark nii^ht. 

( )ii .luly ISIlh, IT!'.'-'), Council decided to l(\hld a new ni.arketdiouse. This was upon State street, 
hetweeli Hniad and Warren, "leavini:' a sipiare from Kin^' [now lli-oad] to the marketdiouso of 
lifty-cight feet." The i-onnnittee of i-onstiniclion was composed of Chai'les .\xford. .lames B. 
Macliette and .Aaron llowell. .\ house for truck and oni' for meat were erected, with a llaji pave- 
ment hftween them. These wci'e removed in ISh"). and the ones on (ireene (now IJroad) street, 
were erected, the latter heinjr enlarged in 1.S4N. In 1>^7li they too were icmoved. 

On Market street, on ^lill Hill, fronfini; I'.rcjad. >to,,d a maikct. Itsoi-i^in is of a most misty 
eharacter, hut it is known that its second story, supported hy <-iL;lit stroui; lirick columns, was used 
as a si'iiool-room. This was the Mill Hill .\cademy. a pi'imary institution ascimpaicd with the 
Trenton .\cademy. A steejile. with lu'lfry. c|-owncd this editice. The mai'ket itself, with (pidy li\<' 
stalls, eonld in no sense com pete with the Trenton markets, and in IS.'IT. the lower story was devoted 
to the Iviirle Fire ('oiii|)any as an enfrine-liouse. 

The incorporation of Mill Hill and South 'i'rentou saw the ilcmolitiou of this structure. The 
old market iiave way to another huildin;.'. 

The matter liaving for a lonj; time heen agitated of huildinjr a market-house for the henelit of 
the lower wards of the city, ami Council haviuj,' passed an ordinance to that effect, it was erected in 
Market street, east of Broad street, in l.St.">, hy private enterprise. 

.\h(Hit tlie same time tliat the market was luiilt on Mill Hill, one was erected in Hloomshury, 
at the corner of Warren and Bridge streets, ojniosite tlu; former store of J^ewis Parker. This was a 



Till" CITY OF 'niKN'roX. 



■_'(il 



f 7" 



rr.'inic liiiililiiiL:. :iim1 (Hi-ii|iicil lln riilirr walk mi I lie wrst siili' nT llic strrct. This mai-kcl \\ as liiiit;i'r 
lliaii llic (iiic "II Mill Hill, yrl niiicli iiai-n iwcr. ami c-dulaiiii'd scxi-ii stalls. ()ii t lie castrni siilr 
tlirrcwas 11(1 ImiiI |i.-itli. as il ciaciciI ilu- liutlcr :iiii| i-xlciiilnl inl"tlic |iiililir road. ()ii (lir \Vi--t 
siilc till re was snHiiiriil iMdin lirlwcrii llir 1 1 la iki •! - 1 M uisr ami llir IVinr fur llii' passaLir nl' a siiii^lc 
inili\ iilu.il. 

( )ii llir lii'^t 111' .\|.ril. ISTO. 'I'a\ liiv Market, l.iiilt Ky llir lloii. .Inlin 'i^u Im-. was tliidwii (.|Mai to 
tlir |nil>lir. 'riir liuiMiiiu'. as |iriijrrtrcl. was li ft v-i >i k • l.y mir liiiiHlrrd ami twciilx^ tVrt. ami rimlains 
fruit, meat, lisli .■iml vriirtalilr st.alls. 'i'lic cusl uf tin- laiililiuLi was .■s:;(l,()(l(). Slmrllv aftrr ilio 
crrrtiiin of 'Taylor MarkrI. Saiiiiirl K. W'ilsnn ami .lamli It. l-'icrsr Imilt a iiiaikrt on Chaiirrrv 
strrrt. on tlir run irr of all .-iliry w liirli was | irarl ira My au ra si rn I r.\lrlisioii of ( jiiaiTX' allrv. 

A main lniiMiiiL; fi'oiiliiit; on ('hami ly >liirt is liflv li\- nnr liiiiidrril fn^l. and was pfovidril 
witli.-i larL;r iiiiiiilMa' iif stalls. .\ larurliall wasal iii-st usrd :i- .-i iiirrliiiL;-| .lai-r fur \ai-ious sorirt irs. 
lull llir \rntnrr was iirxcr |irolilalilc. .\t prrsriit. l''|-i'rsr M.-irkrl is tln' ('riit|-al I'olin- Slaliiiii. 
llir hall lirilii;- ihr |iolirr Liy 1 1 1 1 lasi II 1 1 1 and Ihr anlr-roonis di'\iilrd |m IIu' iiiiv|iom> of Ihr riilii-c 
( 'olilllli-sionrl--. 

Thr roni|i.any ronijirisiiiLi llir W'a-hin^lon Maikrt \vas lonnrd I )r(iaiili(a' 1"i|li. ISC'.I. and the 
association w.as iiiror|)iivalrd hy :in art of the l.rLjislalnrr. I''rhriiaiy si h. 1 S7n. 'i'ln' inroi-|ioi'alors 
wcrr (Irorur Fit/;ii'orL;r. Adam ivNton, .lii-r|ili 1!. Yard. John 'i'aylor, llrni\- \. jlailon. ('as|irr 
IMartino, Jmlali and Cliailrs .Moni'r. .losr|)li (i. llnar^ 

Iry, David Naar. Hmiy 1'.. Ilowrll, David .Maiiko ^ ' ^" 

and .lohn F. i\lrin. 

■["hr (iriLiilial liroji'rtol's nf this iii:ii-krt W rl-r I |riiry 

N. r.artoii, .lip-r|ili 11. ^■.•l^d and ( lrori;i' l-'it/t:coi;:r. 
'I'hrir lii>l (Pi'L;ani/.:ition was .as aliovr dr^rrilnMl. and 
thr aniounl Mih-riilird sr.O.nni). '{"hr rral rslalr |.nr- 
rhasrdcost .^O'.I.OIIIl. and thr liiiildiii- s:;!!, I )( II I, makill.r 
in all .SlOo.Oni). 

Thr iiiai']<rl lias larLic halls, and is wrll ada|itrd 
for armory |)in'|iosrs. 

On thr llo.ad stivrl fnnil. :ihoilt thr middle of 
this market, i- a handsome Krow iislone sl;ilne of 
\\'asliinL:toii. li\- Thoiii. the Lirrat Seoteh sriil|ilor, 
made of >toiir l.akrn from Xrw .Irrsrv i|iiai'i'ies. .■iml i- 
an adliiiralile likeness of llie I'alhei-of his ('oiiiilrw 
This monmiieiil \\.as mneilrd on Minidaw ihr 'JCiih uf 
Drrriiiliia', 1X711. llir iii i ie1 \- li fl 1 1 a n I ii\ cr-a r\' of the 
OVir-liiemoralile ra|itui'e of Ihe Ilessi.ilis. The address was delivered li\- ('. ( '. il.iveii. I\si|nile. 
and the |iresenl:ilioii nf Ihe liihlilin'.i was iinide li\- \iee ('haiieellor .\lfird Itrrd. and llir arre|i|aiiri' 
hy the late Ihni. Daviil .\aar. I'lvsidiail of Ihe as^oeialioii. 

Allolhel- Vllltlire. ealled the ('elllr.ll .Malkel. silll.lled n|iiai Slnrklon sll'rrl. on llle rolllrr of 

l''ront. was unprorHalilr. The huildini: wa^ oih' >|iir\' liiLili. and i-o>t .•< ll'.IKK ). 

The markets of Treiitoii ai'e well su|p|iliid. Fish and shell-lish from ihe sea : early fruits and 
V('fi;L'tabk'S from solilhein New .lersey, with |.eaehes and a|i|ile< from liie U|i|irr Delaware hills, 
together with sta|iles fi-oni ihi' near-hy farms. re|iresenl. in pari, llie Slate produc-lions. The spriaal 
freifrlits, lirinjiiiifr to I'hil.idrlphia Ihr \.irird liixnrirs of Ihr Soulli. i;ive to Trmton in midwinlrr 
all till' advantaLic's of .-i mr|rop<ilis. Xrw >'ork. I hr impoiliiiL; criilrr of Fnropcan and Wrst Indian 
]iro(lurts. lands tlirm in mir rit v alinosi as >ooii ,i> Aw has I hem in her ow n m.irket.~. W illi rcason- 
alile prices. Ti-cnton ha- a market system of which she is rijihtfully proud. 







■r\ 



■&6SU2L.L^ 




^'-^Mp" 



'riiK oi.i) (Jkkmnk sthki;t Mahkht. 



.\ Ilis-roiiv OK SoMK oi'' 'rni-: ()i,iiia; Crrv STifKirrs. 

liefore and durinn the Revolution the main streets of the city of Trmton seem to ha\e lieen 
(iuecn .street (now Ilroad ). KIiil: (now Wai-reii ). l'"ronf. Second (now State). Third ( now IlanoviT) 
illid Fonrtli (now .\cailcniy ). Smaller eonnectini.' .alleys were also naiucd. i*emiin.i.'toii pike, 
I'rineelon Jiikc, the ixiver road, llloomshury roail i Warnn street) arc not yet forgotten. 



■2i\-2 



TlIK (TIV OF TUK.NTON. 




-.^;- 




lJl{o.\l> SlKI- I.I . [,U(iKlN(; NoUTM lICiiM STATK Si 1{ KKT. 



Fidiii Clia|itir IX. (City OriliiKiiiccs, ITil'-l) we learn tliat tlio vaiious streets of Treiitim were 

kiinwii as rullows : l^rmit street extemleil froiii (Ireeiie ( Broad ) to the State House yard : State street, 

ealled Seeoiid. ran t'roni Ilanlou's mills to ISeally's fen-y ; llie street leadinj;' IVoni llic •• l'"ri'einasons' 
I.odjre."" wliieli was on the corner of l'"ront and Willow. Ihe oM lniildini: still standinir, to the Potts 

lanyard, was Willow. This 
was so eallid from the t'aet 
that this tree formerly shaded 
i'etty's run. The street lead- 
ing; froni the tanyard end of 
Willow street to the road run- 
ninir from P>eatty"s ferry to i'en- 
ninnton avenue, whieh mad 
is now Calhoun street, was 
(Quarry street. Warren street 
was ealled liotli Kinjr strei-t 
and .Market street, ami was 
latei- nanu'd in honor of (ien- 
ei'al Warren, of Itevolutionarv 
lame. Piroad, earlier ealli/d 
I ^Miei'U and later ( ireeue, eoni- 
iiiemoratini;' the jialriot. (Gen- 
eral (ireene, was mentioned in 
lids list. .Montu'omery street 
extended fl'iim .lolni itiekev's, 
liy the Friends" meetin<i-honse, 
where it joined Hanover street. 

Till- House of Ihuioxei-. associated with the fiiiLilish thi-oiic. was also thus recoi^njzcd liel'orc the 

PcNolution, The street Iea<linL; fi'om lie' .Millmdist meetinu-house. which stood on the corner 

of ilroad and .\cademy, to Mont.i;omei-y, had l>y this time Keen called .\eademy. 'i'his was due 

to the liuildini;- of the Trenton 

Academy on the north side of 

the thoroujrhfaic in the ycai' 

1 7.S 1 , 

The streets of thi' city were 

at this time uniler the direction 

of thi'cc Sticet Conmiissioneis. 

who were directi'd to "]iroeUl'e 

small hoards, with the names of 

the streets painted thci-coii, to 

he |iut U|i an<l fastencMl on the 

liousesat or near the corners of 

eaeii street."" These conmiis- 

sioners were to rej;ulate the 

matter of olistruetiuL' the hi;.di- 

ways. and of i_'riiclini: and pav- 

iuii: the sidewalks, of ••iindim; 

the level " of the streets and 

of direciini: the hnildiuL; of 

houses '"on j^rade. 

I!y 1S4-J this list of 

streets had hec'U considerahl v 

increa.sed. "The street fr Warren to (h-ccuc street hy \\"illiam Potts" to tlii^ road leading to 

l,an^stroili"s mills hy (u'orL'e Sherman"s shall l.e ealled Perry street.'" This tliorou.L'hfare was laid 

out after the hattle on Pake JMie and was named in honor of Comniodori' Perry. The street leadinir 

from Warren to Willow, hy .McXcily"s tanyard, was ealled L'nion street. The .street loading from 




W.\I<UKN STKKK.T, LudKIN.i NOKTII nt<i.M STATK STIIKKT. 



TlIK CITY OF TliKXToN. 



2(;:i 







A\'il low street toward Saimicl I >ickiiisiiirs, tln'<mo|i tlic cilil llinlirr estate, was to l)e calleil Spriiijr. 
'I'lii' street lietween Fruiil and I he Assaii|iiid<. e\teiidiii;i' IVinii nld (Ireeiie sti'eet t(] (lie southeast 
eoruer of the State House yard was known as W'ashinulon. I'eaee street led I'loin tin- tVont of 
William Haneoek's ho\i-e on k'nait -ti'iel toward the Assanpink ereek. I »ela\\are stri'el had heen 
dedicated hy ex-Senatoi- Wall, 
and ( ha uneey street, named in 
liouor of tile family of thai 
name, extended from Warren 
h. Willow, 

In 1 S47, after the removal 
of the niaikets, Seeonil street 
was eliani;-e(l to State street, A II 
that |ioilion oast of Warii n. 
forniiily called ]{!ast Second, 
hecame k'ast State, The same 
rule a|i|ilied to the western por- 
tion of the lhoroni;hfai-e. 

In Au,uust, 1SI7, ihc-y-tem 
of house-nundiei-iiiL; was in-ti- 
tllted. .\t this time hciian the 
selaane of continuous nund'cr- 
iufi, like that einjiloyed .it ilic 
present time in New ^'oik Cilx, 
'I'll!' I'hiladelpliia ,-ystcm, of 
even liundreds to eacji M,„.k, is ia„,M, s,,.,.:,:,, i ,n„ s,„ ,„ ,,.,>, i-, MK^ ^,„k, ,, 

a mueli later innovation. 

In 1S4'.I— ")(), the main part of W'c.-I ( 'anal -t rcct w as ali.andoiicil. The projcctoiv i if tlii- llio|-i ini;h- 
fnro had in mind the construction of a luo^id plaza on citlici ~idc the can:d, where lar.iic sloi-cs and 
mereantilu estaljlishments could he ci-cc|ed. It is needlo^ lo.-ay that the plan proved ahortive, 

it was not until ls">(l that 
the we>t ^idcof jiroad, lictwceli 
Slatcainl l'"i'ont, w as luiiforml v 
paxed. In this ve.ai' Henrv 
.\h ( all and ('li:nlotte. hi> w i fc, 
dedicated land to x\ ideli i''ront 
street, lietween .M ( ■nl i;oniel-v 
.and Stockton streets. In ISoJ, 
ihroUL-di land dedications made 
from May to Oi-tohcr. INoO, 
('.irioll, kAviuL;', ICIizaheth, 
< (lidcii. Southard. Cross, ]Mon- 
iiionth, 'rnckei-, 1! i n i:.i;olil , 
r.ariies and ('oimueree streets 
liccanie part of the thoroULdi- 
f.iies of Trenton. In 1S.")1. 
the Millhani road, now called 
( 'linlon axeiiue, was extended 
to the .\ssanpink ca'cek, 

l>y I.Sol, the sidewalks 
leading throuLth the center of 
the city were lir.adcd and 
eurlied, paved or .irravcled. In this year, in Soiilh Trenton, the main slicels laid out for piihlie 
use were Ferry, liloomsliury, rniou. Market, I'.riduc Fall, l.amhcrton, Decatur and Centre, which 
was then called Secnud ,-treel. \\ this lime thei-e were Iwoluioii streets in the city, one in the 
Second ward and one in the Futntli ward. 




S'M'-iii SI UK (H* Sr A ri: Sri;i:i:r, \Vi>r mom Ci.inih.n Aviinck 



204 



TlIK CITY OF TRENTON. 




IJlMvn > 1 lilj-'l, L'tiiKINi. N"KI1I I l;o\1 l.\iliii;\ .Sll;l.l,l. 



Ill \>>'>l, tlic town i-ffiuiri'd sidewalks on Jackson, McrciT, Kosc, .Mill and I.iviniiston streets. 
.\l this time tile name of HloomsKurv roa<l in the old l)on)Uj.di of South Trenton mer>;es into tluit 
of Warren street. The system of street e.xteiision eontimicd with irreat rapidity. Ahout this time 
the town develo]iment of ('hamliershurir led to the layiiiu' out of many new thoroii.^difares, wliilst in 

.Millham thehy-roads and alleys 
soon arew into the dimiitv of 
streets. 

In isii'.l. Chancery court, 
i|Miii which was located the 
ild Clinncei'v huildinjr, was e.x- 
lended to Hank street. The 
' hanccry liuildiiiL.' was a larjre 
-liucture which faced State 
-licet and occu]iied the site of 
the Trust Comiiany's huildinjr. 
The State Street House, which, 
duriiiii the eai'ly part of the 
present cciilury. was tlie l''.\ecu- 

tivc I'l'sidellce. stood 1 iV its 

(>astcni side. jiank street was 
e.illed after the cild State I'.ank. 

which St 1 on Warren street, 

.Mid is iKiw iis<.'d as a hardware 
and tin sturc. 

In the early seventies, at- 
tempts were nia(U> to ini])rove 
the rejiion known as the "Swaiii|i."" which is uiidiuihtcilly the true Icication of the oriuinal "■ Little- 
worth." Its main thoroujrhfarc was Woodnilf -ti'cet. wliicli liad lici-ii dedicated hy the heirs of 
James .liihnsoii. It was located in 1S|7. the name hciiiL; later chanticd to .\llen street. Prospiet 
street had hccn opened, Cal- 
houn's lane had liecome Cal- 
houn street. In iSC,;!. l-:;i>t 
State street was e.xtendi'd 
throuLdi the Tci'dicaris propcrt \' 
to the .\ssaiipiiik creek. Liivinu' 
direct ci>nimunicali(in w itii all 
the territory lyiii^ east of the 
Assanjiiiik. In IXT'I. West 
Hanover street liecame estah- 
lislieil as the name of (Quarry 
street, and, in l.S(i7, Princeton 
and Brnnswiik jiikes hccamc 
avenues. 

The city system of paved 
streets was haseil u]ion that 
ado])tcd hy l'hiladel])liia. The 
dirt roads uradually hecaiiie 
covered with the river cohhlcs. 
This was the method employed 
on Broad and State streets, an<l, 
in fact, until tlie ]>resent year 

flSO.")) the cohhle i.avement remained on West State street. In ISTC a Ti^lford ]>aveiiieiit was 
ordered laid on Clinton avenue, from Slate street to the I'.elvidere Del.iware iiriiljre, and Perry 
street was paved in like nianner from Clinton avenue to Southard street. In is^I tlie Clinton avenue 
|)avenient was eontiiiue<l to the city line, l>el,i.'ian hlocks hein.i,' used. In IsTti perry street was 
ordered paved with Bcltrian hlocks from Southard street to Jjroad street. 




St.VTK SrUKKl-, l.nuKINti WlvST KKOM BltnAI> Sl'KKKT. 



THK CITY OF TI!KXT()X. 



205 



'riic Nicdlxili Wdiidrli ]i;i\c'liiclit rra/.c. wliicli ) i|-.i(l i(;i 1 1 y lllilicil l^lizal icI li. New .Icrscv. caUSi'il 
l!i-(iail stiTrt t" 1)0 thus ]ja\r(liii 1^71. Thai sictidii uT I'.roail stnrt hi-twccn ^hl|■kl■l and 'ra\-|ur 
was |ia\T(l wilh licluiaii hlniksin I S7'_'. which ]ia\i'iiirnl w a- cdiil iiiucd lu tlic .\>saii|iiiik in 1^77. 
Ill 1S7<; and h^77 the |initi(in liuni thi' rvrrk {n Perry street was laid in Uke manner. 

■|1ie asphahuni hldek ]iavenii'nt on Ivist Slide street was kdd hy (irchnanee (if iNS.'i. theurauite 
[pavement nn the remaiiiinu' ]iiirtiiins u|' the sti-eel lieina laid in >m;dl seelinns at xaiidu- lime<. 

W'itlnn the last live years the \ ilrilieil hiiik |ia\-enieiils on .hieks(.n >treit, ( 'liestnul ami ( d'ecn- 
wiidil axcnnes, Niirth ('lintnu aveniu- and West State street ha\e heen lai(L I'.rnnswiek ax'einie lias 
alsii heen |iavcd with asphaltum li|nik>. At |ireMnt all the Lirral arteiie> ut tra\-el in llie loiiLiesled 

|"ilti.ill '>r the city are ]iavell. with the e.\ee|itiiill I'f W'e^t llal|n\er sllcet. relinillLitiill avenue. ICasI 

State street heynnd t'lintnu avonue, and Sti'iklun street. 'I'Ihmi'jIi laekini:- in unifdrmitv. uwini;l(i 
the fact that nn general system was nhsei-xcd, thi' pax'emeiit^ are well laid and nsiiallv well cleaned. 
With the e.xtensiiin (if the "■ ,u:iHi(l riiail " mnvement and the linililim; df ( iusIhmI stdne rdads Id the 
liear-hy tdWn<hi]iS there is e\-ery indiealidn that Trentdn will feel Ihe elTect of >neh aetinn. The 
s|iii-it dfthe tdwii is tdward e(inser\alisni in llie matter (if street iiavini;. |iarli(ailarl v afl(a- :i review 

df Ihe hilter e.Xjieriellees (if 
l"]li/alietli. Uahway and .Ici'^cv 
('ity and (iiie nr l\\(i diher 
neardi\- tdwns. 



IS. JF 




ScKNH (P-V N(PHTH Cl.fN'T(P.V AVI' 



l!l\'i:i,' I Mi-ia p\i;mi:.\ts. 

In cdldiiial liino lillle 
elTdi-l was made tn ini|ird\-e 
the I N'hnvare river. ( 'ertaiii it 
is. thai a liri'ater IkhK' df water 
|passei| lp\' ihe t(PW n. .mikI tli.al 
t he aiiKPiint df silt and detriUis 
was milch less than at ]iresenl. 
kiirthernidii'. the shalhips, 
-l(id|is, yachts and |)in-|iani 
hdals which came td the tdw ii 
were iidt df -uliicieiil draiifilit 
Id nece>sitale the dee|ienina- iif 
the chamii'l. The Sllhject of 
inland navifialidli, which pre- 
ceded the ai;ilalidn fur ihe c( p|istrncli( m (pf riiih'p pads, led IIhpsc liasimi' :in interest in interstate 
cipliimerce 1(1 advdcafe the iinprdvcmenl (if Ihc Uelaware river. The Ihiw df water was very sl(p\\ly, 
hut none the less surely. (IccrcasiiiL:. and the \-essels cipiiiini; Id Treiildii were inerc^asinii' in tdiinaue. 
Liunlierton had heen made a l:(p\ (a'limcnt pui't li\' ad nf l'dn,t;'ress, and tlu' "river trade" had 
therehy i-ecei\'ed an impdilant sliinnlus. 

( )ne df the eai'licst iiKivements Iddkini; IdW.-inl ihe deepenini;' ni' the l>elaw;ire is In he fdinid in 
i><ll. \\ hell inhahitants (pf II untenhin and lliirliiiL:tdii cdimlii- presiaited a pelitidii relative td the 
reiiidxaldf the -andhar (HI I'ei'riw II; islaial hclipw I .anil pci|( pii. w liicli was referred In a (■(immillee (if 
tli(^ Ildiise, wild, on the seventh df Fehruary. rejidrtcd that •■frum the inl'ornialidii the commitlee 
had reeeive(l. it was evident that the said sandhar is a eoiisiderahle (p|pslrueti(pn and injury to the 

naviLiati(pn of the said river, and that its re \al wdiild he df t;reat piihlie aihanlai/c ; that tdwards 

the aecdnipjishnieiit of this dhjecl IcLrislativc iiiterfereiice is sdlicited — first, in furiii-^liiii>;- pecuniary 
aid to the undertaking' ; seciiiidlv. in alTdrdini;- liherly In enter updii and reiiidve the ohstriletidiis. 
tile river heiiii: cdiisidered a puhlic hiiihwav under leL;islalive (MiilrdI : thai with respect td the lii'.-l, 
the sum neeessarv to remove the ohstructions is estimated at from ten to lifleeii thousand dollars : 
that the T,ei:islature can only furnish this in one df two ways — eillier hy a iiraiit from the treasury, 
which, as the funds therein are raised hv taxes ei|Ually from exaa-y pari of the Slate, lliey do iml 
helieve the I.eirislat uri.' \voulil Ik.' willing.'- to make to a purpose in which much the uTea test pari of 
!•■■ 



2f;f; 



TiiK CITY OK 'n;i:.\iox. 



the- Slate can liavr no inuiicdiate intiTcst ; nr liy a luttci'v, which, from tlic ojiposition already 
manifested to tiiis mode of raisinj; money for local ohjects. the committee ]iresume the House is not 
|>re|iai'ed to allow: that with respect to the secon<l point on which legislative interference is 
re(|liested, the committee conccixe it i-i a<onalilc and i-iiiht that llie desiiv- of the applicants shonhl 
ln' j;ranted, and therefore reconiimaid that they have leave to pie-ent a liill Lrivinir the lihertv of 
cnterinir upon the said puMic hiirhway and removing:' the said ohstruc-tion.'' An act for improving; 
the navi,L!ation of the river Delaware ]iasscd upon the eif,diteenth of Fi'i)ruary of that year. Amonii 
the earlv plans, it may l>e noticed that upon N'ovemher "i'.lth. 1><(I'.I. a liill was ])assed authori/.injr 
Samuel Wriiiht, .li'., and ( ieoriic Hill to luiilil a wiiii: dam in the river i)ela\vare for the pui'pose of 
conveyini:- the waters thereof into the .\ssanpink creek alio\c theii- oil mill. 

Xovemlier 1 1th of the same year, an act was jiassid to authorize the liuildinj: (jf a lock in the 
river Delaware foi- the improvement of the navii^atioii of the I'ivcr. 

.lanuarv 2-lth, h^ll, William L. I'rall ami .laeoK l.andiert were ant hoi-i/.e(| liy lepislativc enact- 
nu'Ut to erect a wiuL' dam in the Delaware ri\ii\ 

On the foiu-th of Fehruary. IS].'). Daniel W. Co.xe, Samuel Wii<jht. .Ir.. .iml I'eler T. Smith 
were authorized to liuild a wini; dam in the ri\er Delawai'e oppii~iti' Market >treet. and lo|ia\i-a 

lock in the same, where it 
<-rossed that jiai't of the river 
on the east side of Yard's Is- 
land, of such size and dimen- 
sion that 1 Unliam hoats of thc' 
lariicst size and othi^r craft 
may pass up and throui^h the 
same w ith I'ase and safety ; the 
lock to he not les~ than twenty 
f<-et wiile. 

.\llliou.i:h for the ]iast 
fifty years charters jiave heen 
Lrranted, coinjianies formed and 
stock suliscriptions taken, 
nothinir has yet lieen actually 
doiu' to dam the i'i\'er. Suf- 
lieient powir dailx' passes thi' 
city to supply li'.^lit anil heat 
to prixate and puhlie institu- 
tions, and to set in motion the 
wheels of our factories, yet the 
loss of cnerL'v is still charLred 
to municipal iiculeet. In fact, no maleiial pidL;ress has hci-u in.ade in this matter since the 
t-oustruction of the W.atei- Power, ami TrciUon i^ pi-aetically in the >ame po>ition in the matter as 
she was during: the Ihvolution. 

The sulijeet of ri\ci- impi-oxcments sULTiicsts the .attempts of the famous .1 oh n l''iteh in i-onnectiou 
with the naviiiation of the Delaware liy steam. In 17(>!l, Filch reached TreiUon from Connecticut, 
anil worked at various mechanical devices as an a|>prentice in Clmnrs hrass Imtton factory and in 
W'iUon's silvei'smithy. Fitch's ^■ankee iuLiciuiity L:ave him a money-makiiiL: reput.ation. and at 
the outlireak of the Kevolution his shop ami its contents were estimated at >*;!,(HH) when the llritish 
army entered the \illaire of 'rreiilon. The t roups w ere attracted to it. hccause he had lariic coiitraet.s 
for the rejiair of .\nieriean arms. The\- proeeeiled to liurn the estalilishment. and destroy the tools 
and all his visihlc jimpcrty. 

He was a i.ieutenant at N'alley i'lii'trc, and ■■armourer" to the ( 'onnnittee of Safety. Durin'_' 
tile occupation of Trenton. i'"itch was in iiucks county, and. haviui: e.N|ierienced an attack of rheu- 
matism, his mind hecanu' lient on ■' uainiui:- a force hy steam " and relicviiii; himself of the disad- 
vantaires of locomotion. 

Stacy I'otts was one of the company formed to assist l'"iteh in his experiuieiu,-. and he and 
Lsaac Smith. Ilohert Pearson. Jr., Samuel Tucker, .\lirahani Hunt. Iteusselacr Williams, John 
and Cliarles C'lunn. and others of Trenton, t^ave their nanu's to the ap|ilication to the i.cuislalure, 




1 H IS I "N lie 



THE flTV OF TI!K\TO\. 



267 



which (il)taiiii'(l fur liiiii I'lHirlcrn years' cxchisivc jirivilrL;!' mi thi'^ >i(lc nf the llclawarc. (Aft of 

Maiih ISth. 17'^(i. I His Ijiiat. ■" I'l'iscvrraiicr."' niailc s(\(|-al tii|j.- hctw.cu l'hilaih'l|iliia and 

'I'li'iiton ill that year. 

It was ]iriih,ihly III' n\\r iif I'itch's i-x|irriiiii'iits ((iiiciTiiiiiL; whiih llciiiaiiiiii l""raiil<liii wmtc 

in IT'^'^: "Wi' lia\c nn |ihil(i<()|ihiral news hcic [l'hilai|(li)hia] at ]iii'siiit. except that a hoat 

iiiii\i'il hy a sleaiii-eiiiiinc. rows itself against tide 
in unr ii\er. ami it is a|i|ii-ili( iiilcil the cdiistruc- 
li'in may he sn siiii|)liliei| and inipiMved as to 
hecdilie liCniTalU' n>efiil," 

'Pheiv is a letler of Fitch to Stacy Potts, 
dated l'hila(hl|iiria, July l^Sth. l7S(i, in which he 





I'KNKs Al.t'Ni. TllK lJl-,1 AW AUK. 



exjife-ses the greatest satisfaction in 
hi;; ))i-usijects : ••\\'e jiave now tried 
every jiart, and reduced it tn as i-crtain 
a thing as can be, that we shall nut 
come short of ten miles per hum-, if nut 

twelve or fourteen. I will say foiirtien in tliinry and ten in practice." I'itch's iirojects. however, 
Were not altogether successful, and as a means of raisiiii; monev he puhlishid a map of the ■•North- 
west Territory." which was printed (Jii a cider pt■e^^ in I'.iick- couiily. This distinguished watch- 
maker and gunsmith of Tnailiin. the father uf tlie Americmi sleamhuat. ilie(l in iJai-dstown, 
Kentucky, in 17'-l>i. .MthdUgh llohert ['"ultim is gi\i'n the credit of ha\iiig inaugurated the use of 
steam upon American watci's. the ereilit should he given to h'ilch. wlm, twenty years hefure I'Tilton's 
exiieriments, ran his hoat n|ion the Delaware river. 



W&-sM4M(if^. 




"^■^'''''^pJT^!^^*'^^^-^ 



CHAITEU XXXII. 



TRKXTOX'S FINANCIAL I NSTITlTloNS AND lioARD (»F TIIADK. 



'ill': Oricin (ir 'I'i;i:ni(i.\'s 1?axk< — Tin; Miociianks Xatidnai, Hank — Tin-; 'ri.'KXTnN I'ankinw; 
Cii.Mi'ANV — 'I'm: 'I'KK.vruN Savi.\(; I-'imi Siuii-nv — Tiiic I'"insr Naiiunai. I!ank — I'liic liiioAU 
Stijkict Xaiiiinm. Hank — 'I'liK Tiikntun Tkist anh Sakk Dki'iisit ('(jmi'anv — Tiik 1!i-:ai, 
KsTATK Trn.K Cumpanv (ik Nkw .Ii::;skv — N'i:\\ .Ikk'si:^- Hi ii.iiim. I.han and I.\\i;simi:nt 
Company — 'I'iik lioAiih hk Tr'ahk. 



f 1 ! F N"l"( ) N lias (Acrv reason to I'ccl a jus) sense of priilc in tlie cliaraeter nT lier repre- 

4 seiilalive linan<ial inslilnlinns. 'I'limniiliniit years uf |ir(is|ierity ami aihcrsity in 

1 llie eiiinineri-ial wniid tin- liaiiks ol' Trentdii lia\c sustained tlieii- reputatiim for 

inteiiiity. l'"lurries ami atteni|iteil '•runs" within the ]iast twenty years liax'e 

j^/*"T^^ lieeii iHilhiiiii mure than sumniei- elmnls. ( 'i nisei'vat ism. yet )inii;ress, has 

,yv-/ ^6i markeil the ile\elii],nient nf eaeli inslilutiun. 'I'lii' ile|insi|iirs emliraec all elasscs, 

-din .|,||| |,i-iivisi(in is made I'ni- the smallest as well as the larirest sum. In the linan- 




^ 



^ 



eial de])ressi(in nl' th<' |ia>t three years the reeiu-il nl' the local hanks has won the 
[iraise ol' national and ."^tate authorities. The rcillowiiii;- is a history ol' the 
city's hanks : 

The ."^tatc r.ank, wliicli in its day was a famous institution. li:id an eventful history. For the 
first year of its oraanization. its hiisiness was conducted in ."^tate street, du the north side, midway 
lictween Warren and ISroad streets. In \s\-2 the li.inkina-housc on the <oriicr of ISank an<l Warren 
streets was erected. Tlu' old hank huildiiiL; is iiuw Used as a sto\'e stoic. The hank was created hy 
tlie act ]iasscd .hinuary 2Sth. ISl'i, which estahlished State hanks at Trentmi. Niav nrunswiek, 
l*]lizaheth. NiAvark, Morristown and Camilcii. 

Sta<'V I'otts, Peter (iordoii. Cliaiio liice. William Scott and .hihn U. Smith were conimissioiiors 
of the State IJank in this city. They, in comu'ction with ICllctt Tucker. Keulnai J). 'i'licker, Lucius 
Horatio Stockton. Evan Evans. Edward ^'ard. William Wo.id. l'hili|. !•". IF. well, .L-imc^ .1. Wilson, 
and .Miner Ucedcr, were aiipointed the lirst Directors. 

They were not allowed to issue notes of a less denomination than 8-">. 

On the lirst of XoW'inher, F^l.'!. an act was jiassed allowiiiLi' them to issue notes of a denomina- 
tion not less than SI. 

On till' twenty-seventh of .March. FS-|,"). an act was jiasscd to exti'nd the charter ni the .<late 
liank at Trt'Utou. for the ]iur|iose of cnahlinu- them to i-losc ii|i and settle tlicii' atTairs. T\\('lv<' years 
Were iiiven them from the t wcnty-ciahtli of .January, FSlii. 

Duriui.' the extension they Were |irivilcuc<l to issue any hills of crcilit. hank liills, or other 
circulation (if money, hy loan or otherwise, in the form or style of hankina imsiiu'ss, in order to 
eiiahle them to linally close up the concern. 

The State l>ank at Trenton had an lioiior.ahk' career, hut the ufowinu: power of tlie Trenton 
IJankinir t'ompany and the Mechanics National F.aiik forced the State eoueern to close its doors. 
Among other linancial institutions which are now nierch- memories is the Mereliants Hank, which 



Tin-: (■l'r^■ i)V 'mM'Ixton. 



■2(10 



was clmrtert'il M.nvli l'lM. IsCid. ;mil \\lii(li went iiiin ilir IkuhU i.f .1 i-ncivn- two \-cai-s latri-. In 
IsyO tlio ^Ed'ciT ('(iillily liaiik was imi ii|]( aatci I. and ii|iuii Mni-ili .",1>|, ISCi'.l, tlic Stale Saviiiii- 
llanl^ i-anir iiitn I'xistrui-c. I'^vcn after a |ieiiii(l nl' twi'Uly yeais, llie name uf .lac"!) \\, l'"ree<e tells 
the stiiry iif this institution. 

Tnt: .Mi:eii\Me< Natuinai. Hank. 



'The Meehaiiie- Xatinii:il H.-ink w as eh;i ilered ii|Hin the nineteeiilli (it h'ehrnai-v. IS.'il. nmleftlie 
name 1 if the '■ Mi'i'haniis and Mannfaet nicis Hank." The eity of 'I'liiilun in ihiil v veai's had ui-nwn 
til a si/.i' snliieient tmlemand twn linaneiid inst it ntiun- within its linuls. I'ln in l-'ehruarv llith, 1 >^ 1-k 
an ael was ]}ass(Ml atithdi'i/.iiij; them tn icmIuci' tlieii- ea|iil.d stnek wheneNcr lhe\- miiiht think lu'diier 
SCI til dii, and "ii the nineti'enth <>( Maieh, 1 N")7. tliev \\ eic anthmized to i;radnallv iuei-ease it. 

The year I.'^-'h saw the el-eel ion 1 if their haiikiiiu-hoii-e njion Iheeornerof SiiUe ami W.ari'en 
streets. I'ntil this time tlie Meeh.anies H.ank oi-iai|iied a |iro|ierly mi North \\'ai-i'eii street, which 
same jii'oiierty was ttseil hy the Ti-enlon I'lankinii ( om | laiiy whilst the hitter's Warren sti'eet ediliee 
was ill course of election. 

In l>^(io, the Mechanics and .Maiiufaetiirers i'.aiik siirreiidered its Sl.ate charter and heeaiiiea 
national hank iiiider its present title. The Imildim; so Ihhl; in use li\- the hank, after v.arious 
alterations and repairs, \vas linally ileniolished in 1S'.I4. prcp.ar.itory to the erect imi of its present 
stiaicture. The Mechanics Hank IhiildiiiL; is a hiiildiiiL; \\orthy of more than p.assiuii notice. 
( )cciipviii.L;' tlie site of the tavern in \\hich ( 'oiiLiress defeated the plan to m.akc Trenton the capit.'d 
of the I'll it ed States, the superh structure is the most recent ornament to I he architecture of Trenton. 

The presiut iNIeclianies National l>aiik liuildint!- was completed in l"eliriiar\-. |S'.)."). Wdiilst the 
structure was in the course of erection the li.ink hiisiness was condiicled in the State street store 
hiiildiiiii later occupied hy S. I'. |)unham iV Co. The style of architeclure is Italian leiiaiss.ance. 
It i~ two >tories liiiiii. with a frontage of se\-eiily-two feel on West State street .and forly-eiuht on 
South Warren. The outside heiuht is forty-two feet and the heii^ht of the lir~l stor\- is eiL;liteen feet. 

The cNlcrior i> of roi'k-t'aced hrick, hrownstone trimmiiiLi. and surmounled hv a niet.al curnice 
and halu^tl■ade. Wdiilsl the e.\terior of the liuildiiiL; is .a erownini; ornament to city archilecliire. the 
interior is said to he uneipialed in the State of New .hrsc \-. The wainscoting is of a mottled colored 
marl lie from .\fi'ica. hoth odd and rare, and is t rimmed with vellnw Xuhian marhle. The division 
lictwi'cn the corridors and the hank |iroperisof I he sa mc malerial ; the i:rill work alio\c and all 
other metal work is of o.xidizcd sil\-er. 'Idle woodwork is entirely of mahouaiiy. The four limestone 
arches cappiiii: tin- |iolished L;i':iiiite columns iie.ar the rear end of the hank are car\ed. The floor is 
of Mosaic. Three colors of marhle are ii.^ed — red aiitiiple. a l''reiicli m.arhle : (diiis l''alls. a hlack. 
and sienna, a liuhl-colored. .\(aoss the entrance the name of the h.ink is shown in the lloor. the 
letters heint;' in the Mack marhle. The President's room is on the lowir W .irreli .street corner, and 
adjoiniiit; it toward the we^t end ihe ('ashiei's room. The |)ire<tors' room is heyoiid il on the 
south side of the huildin- and li-hled from the .^kyli-ht. W the far end of the Slate street corriilor 
a railiuu divides an ap.irtmeiit for the um' of the woim n cu-tomei> of the h.ank. 

White marhle steps leail down to the lia>emenl. where is -itualed llie safe ileposil vault. It 
is said to he as iiearlv luirular-proof ,is can he made, and was coiistrueleil ri'iiardless of cost. It is 
considered one of thes.ife~l and h.indsoincst in the coiintrv. It is fitted with coupon stalls for the 
(•oiiveniiaice of cu.-tonicrs. Tin hank alreadv has in its laislody three hundred sah- deposit lioxes. 
and will have room forscvcr.al times that maiiv. 

The second lloor of Ihe hnildinii is in keepiiiL; with the li.aukintr departinciit. .\ wide llii.dit of 
ste|is leads I0 a handsome hallway, win re are localcd ciiihl olllces in suites. They are oc(ai]iied 
exclusively hy niemhia-s of the har. these L;vnlleiiieii hciii'j lion, (larrel I ). W. N'room, lion. William 
JI. r.anniiifi-, and Mdwiii Kohert Walkir. I''raiici^ I',. |,ee. Nelson I,. I'eity, Ilenr\- W. (ireeii, Ilervey 
('. Scuddcr, Esipiircs. These olliees are decorated in hhle, with i|n,irlerei| oak woodwork, electrically 
lighted, heated hy hot water and perfect in all appointments. They are the liiiesl olliees of their 
type in the State. 

The followini.' are Ihe ollicers of the Mechanics Xalion.d ISank : I'resideiil. Serine: 1'. Dunham ; 
Cashier, William W. Slelle ; Tayiiii;- Teller, .Joseph I!. Sweeny; Kecei villi;- TcOler, Taicutt Hack lis ; 
Xotarv I'uhlic, .1. (ad. Slack. Direelors — S. .Meredith Diikinson, .lohn I). Kite, Joseph Rice, 



•270 



TlIK crrV (»F TUKNToX. 



Fcnlinaml W. liorliliiiir. -Joliii Muses. Hciirv ('. Kclsov. ScriiiL' I'. 1 )iiiili.ni.. William S. Hancock. 
William M. i.aiinin^'. 

llcivwitli is the n'i"iil i>f the cniiililioii nl' the Mechanics National I'.ank at the close of husiness 
Jiilv 11th. IS',15: 



uicsiirucKs. 

Loans ami iliscotnits, . . . . . 

Ovenl rafts, secnreil. .... 

rnitcij States liomls to secure circn!atii>n. 
Stocks, securities, iVc.. .... 

Hankinu-honse, fnniitiire and lixtures. 

Other real estate aud moitt;aL:es owned, 

Pne IVom national hanks i not I'cscrvc ai;'eiits ). 

l)ue IVoni .'•^tate hanks and hankers, 

l)\ie IVom .•i|i|ir<i\'ed reserxc aiicnts. 

Checks and othci- cash iti'liis. 

Notes of other national hanks. 

I'raclional |ia|ier currency, nickels ami i-ents, 

Lawful n](iney reserve in hank, viz.: 

Specie, ....... 

Leiial tcndi'r notes, .... 



14,!)()4 



(1(1 
(10 



itedcmiitioii fund with liiitcd Slate- Treasuria- ( li\i' |ier cent, 
cii'culation ', .....'.. 



Total 



•-'71.7.".s 


■I'-', 


|r,i) 


40 


.■|( ). ( )( i( I 


(Ml 


4:!1.2S(i 


■i.') 


(lO.OOO 


00 


2-_'.4o() 


00 


s|..',s-j 


c.l 


i:;. i:;() 


s;l 


•.^'.ii;,7i)i 


< t 


I :;.■_' 17 


00 


■_' lll(l 


OS 



107.-_'7r. 
:.!.--!oO 



i^-_'..".")S.2.")7 



(in 

00 

'.I-' 



i.iAmi,i'i'n-:s. 

Capital stock paiil in. ........ 

Surplus fund. ......... 

I'mlividcd profits, less e.Npcnscs and taxes paid. . 

National hank notes oulstandim;-. ...... 

l)ue to otiiei' national lianks, ...... 

I »ue to St.-ite lianks and hanki-rs, . . . . . ■. 

i lividi'uds unpaid. ........ 

In<lividual ileposits suhject to check. . . S1,2S"),-J-"..". 10 

Demand certilic;ltes of depo-it. . . . 900 00 

Ci'rtihcil i-hecks 'uX 00 



[otal, 



.S.')00. ( II 10 no 

•_>.")(). 0( i( I on 

'.i.").(;74 '.Ki 

l.").ooo no 

17o. iL'.', '.I.-. 

."). \ir, !ii 

L'l 00 



L-JS(;,711 10 



S2,3.58,2.".7 '.12 



TlIK 'rUKNIIl.N I'.ANKINC, CoMl'.WV. 



The Trentim I?anking Comiiany, which was chartered on the third day of I)ecemher. J.SOl, 
enjoys the distinction of V)ein.<; the st'cond hank erected in the State of Ni^w .Jersey. Its iiredecessor 
was tlie Newark IJankin;: and insurance Comp.in\. which receivi-d leirislative sanction in the 
previous Fehruary. The charter when tirst irranted was to continue in force for twenty years. The 
original act of the Legislature authorized a suhscri|ition vo he opened for S.'JOO.OOO, in shares of 8">0 
eacJi, miller the <lirection of .lames Ewing. .Joshua Wriulit. (Icoriic .\hhott. Peter Hunt ami .Mmer 
iieedcr. On the fourteenth of Novend)er, 1821, twentieth of l''ehruary, IN.'IS, and in ISo-") and 
L'^7."). thu Ijtgislature uxtended the c-harter of the hank. 



nil': CITY OF TKI'lN'roX. 



271 



'I'hc li:ml<iiii:-liiiiisc st^iiids ii|i(in liistuiic |ir(i| jci-ly. I'ikui its sitr wri'c tlir cnuiit\- Imildin-s uf 
1 Imitii-ildii, wliii-h i( will lir rciiiciiilici'cil l:irii| w.-l mi Wainn sti'i-i't, niiihv.iv liclucni St;itc mid 

iM-niil slivcts. 'riic fncliiildci- (.1 lliinlii-.l ■.Minly dr.dcd Ihrlniid In thr liaiik ill 1 Sn."). wlirii 

tlic li:iiikiiiL;diimsc was envied wliidi rcniaiiicd iiiilil is.'JS. In il,,. hillir \cai- llic |ii-(>ciit -Iniriiirr 
was liiiill. \\liicli \vas L:ri'all\' iiii|irii\i'd in isji'. 

I'ndci' the Stair l.ankiiiLi system, tin' TivntiMi I'.ankinii ('.ini|iany i^surd nutcs wliidi. in tlinsr 
days (if lliulnatinu i-iurnicy, passcil al |iai- in tliis am! sniTt mndini^ (■(Hiiinonw rallli<. r|iiiiillM- 
adii|iliiiii (if the iiatiiiiial liankiiii: system, llir 'I'lTiitcn Hank did not iv-i iriianizc lint rnnainid 
simply a l.ank nf discdimt and dc|insil. Its ciitiiv is-iic of iidtcs, .niiltcd licfdiT llii' ItcKcllidii. 
Iiavr liccii ivdccincd to till- anioimi of s 1 1 II 1,(1(11). 

In not only inliiiiripal and Slatr, liiit national alTaiis. llir 'rivnliiii I'.aiik lias fl-c(|llcnt]v <-oinc to 
the aid of tlir roiistittltr'l a tit 1 ii ifit irs. I 'a It ii ■ n l.a ily ilmiiii; tlir war lictwii-ii thr Sl.atis, the 'rrriilon 
Bank gave assistami- in cvn-y hour of nnd. Around tin- liisloi\ of tliis instiliition iiia\- lie wo\i'n 
many of till' financial oprfations of thr lML:innini;s of thr ( 'aiiidcn and .\inho\- r.iilroad, ami of its 
jatrf drVrlo|imrllt. .Iosc|jh lloi la | la ftr, onrr Killu of Spain, and I he (///(/,7/,,x i if t lir roiirl whirh lir 
transplanted fnim Madi'id and I'acis to Honlnitown, wcvr drpositoi-s in this old and hon. iiahli- 
iiistitiitioii. 

'I'hr haiikiiiLidioiisr is all iiiiposiii',: slnirtiii-c, hiiilt of whilr mai-lilr. with a f.ai-adr nioilclid 
upon the (■las^il• oiitlims of an I |i llinic Iniiplr. .\ \ .aiiltcd ci-iliiiLi with a iialroii\- looks dow n upon 

thr rrlllrr, which is llrVotrd to tlir l.ll-illr<s of thr i list it 1 it io||. < )l 1 t I li ■ ra.~t side of ( I ir ha nk .'I fr 

thr rooms iisrd liy thr i)irrrtors. (';l^hir|■ and I 'i-rsidi-iit. with thr \anlls, safes and stroiiLi hoxrs. 

ThroiiLihoiit it.~ r\-rii1ful history, this rompany h.as lirrii a lower of >ti-rni:lh. Thr stress of 
linaneial -lorms has left the institution inih.arnied. and Ih.-it its ^tandiim is nio~t seeiiri' the 
follow iiiL! report willsllo^v. It was rendered .at the elo,-e of hiwiiie^s on the .-ixtli da\' of .\pril. 
1 .S'.l.'i. to the Slate ( 'oiii in issi oiler of I lankiiiL;' .and I nsiir.a i lee ; 



l,M:sori;ei',s 



r^naiis and diseounts, 

Ovenl rafts. . . . . 

I )iie from other hanks, 

( ':i,~li on hand. . . . . 

I'nited States ( h i\-eriiiiicait hoiids, 

( )tlier sloeks and hoiids. 

Heal estate, .... 

Current cxpiciises paid. 

Checks and other cash items, . 



( 'apital stock" paid in in ca-h, 

Snrplii> fund, 

I'lidixided plolils, . 

I >i\ ideiids unpaid, 

I >lle depositors. 

I Mie other hanks. 



I.I Ai;iMiii-:s, 



s-J,(H 1,224 s;i 

l.V) 45 

2'.i(i.7(i() .')4 

12.S.S22 1(1 

.")(). (1(1(1 (1(1 

I •".( I, ( )( II i 1 1 

47, i;iU 71 

4,!).s;; <)2 

C. II 1 1)1 
$2,725,11)1 7.-! 

8500, 1)0(1 on 

250.000 00 

71,. ".20 71 

5S7 111 

I.S25,()S4 47 

7S,2()2 .'iii 



$2,725, 1>)4 7-". 



The follow iiiLT are the ollicer- of 1 1 ic 4'renl oil iLankinu ( ' paiiy : {'resident. . I oseph II. llriierc : 

Casliicr. .\ii>tiii Snider: I'aviiiL; 4'cller. .lolm 1 1. Cochr.aiie: Keccivinu- Teller, William .\. (4ai4<: 
Notary I'lihlic, (4e\claiid llil-on.Sr. hircctors — .Joseph II. Hriierc. William S. Slrykia', Charles 
E. (irecn, riciijamin !•'. i,i-e, .Mhmi- |;. (hamhcrs. I-'liner 1'". (Irceii, Thomas S. Cli.amhers. William 
II. Skirm and William I,. l)a\-toii. 



272 TllK CITY OK TKKNIOX. 

Tin; Tki;.\t<i.\ S.wim; Fvsi> Socikty. 

Tlic Trciitiiii Saviiii: I'^iml Society was iii(ni]iiiratcil U|i(iii the scvciitli of Marili, LSI I, its 
cDrpnratiirs Kciim I'cti-r 1), N'mmii. -loliii ('. Uciliiiaii, Julm Ki-ad. Stacy (i. I'ults. (leorfit! Dill, 
Xciio])!)'!!! .1. Mayiianl, Kicliard .1. Bond, Thomas .1. Stiykri-, .lacnli Kliiu'. .la^pcr S. ScuddcT, 
TiiiKitliv Aliliiitt. Cliarlrs l'ai-kci- and Ilciiry ^\'. (Jrccn. 

The lirst Ipiisiiirss (i|ici-atioris nf this rxrclh'iit inslitntii iii wire cniiduclnl in the mM ("hanccry 
liuildinj;. nn the site ot' tiir strudurr miw orcnjiicd hy the Tiu-I ami Tillc rninpanics. This 
liuildinir. until |ii-artirally turn down hy the Trust ('oni|iany. fell I'loni it~ old and histori<' station, 
and at last was duhhccl hv the souhri(|Ui-t "' Thr I Jcvil's l)cn.'" l''i-oni the ( 'hani-cry Imildint: thr 
Savinjr Fund Socictv niovccl to South lii-oad street, a few doors hclow State, and in Xovemhcr, 
l.SS], moved to its jjreseut huilding. 1"2?) ICast State street, immediately adjoining; the Voun<r Men's 
Cliristiau Association huildintr. 

In its financial history the Savin<r Fund Society has had a remarkahle career. Thoroutrhly 
conservative, its intluenee has heen the sole cause of the ci'eation of many small and lari;e fortunes. 
Anionj; Tn^ntoiTs lariic |io|iulalion dependent upon daily waives foi- ilaily hread. the society has 
eucouraf.'ed liahits of thrift and cntei-pi-ise. Its deposits an' the indication of tli<' conlidenee 
imposed upon it liy our citizens. 

The olliccrs of the socict\' are: rrcsidcnt. William S. Sti-yki'r ; \'i<'e I'n'sidcnt. Charles !•', 
(ireeu: Treasurer and Secretary. Lewis I'arker ; I'ayiuL; Teller. William 11. \:\yi\ : Iveceivini; Tclh'r. 
(icortfc N. N'utt. Manaircrs — Willi.im S. Sliykcr. Charlo Swan. Samuel K. Wilson, iviwai-d 11. 
Stokes, John S. Chamlicrs. William L. Lnylon. Charles Iv (irccn. Chailcs Wliitclii'ad. .lohn Moses, 
William I. N'anncst. l-^lmer K. ('•vi-i-w. (larict I ). W. \'room. 

The following is the statement of the Trculon Savini: Fund Society upon the thirty-lirst of 
Deccmhcr. IS'.i-t : 

I.'KSOIKCKS. 

i'.onds and mort.um.-cs Sll'.l.oOO 00 

Stocks and iiomls. market value, ...... l,'.l-'!7. '-?•">•! "d 

Amovmt loaned on collaterals -I I. I'.IO (HI 

I'.ankin.ii-housc ami lot. cost 8-2-i.OOO ; estimated jiresent value. ■Jl'.ODOIll) 

Cash on de|iosit in hanks or trust com|ianics, .... ll.'JOii (IS 

Other assets, viz.. interest accinicil. ..... ]'.K\'2'I Si; 



S2,-1S(),.').^L> (i-J 



i.iAiui.i'riics. 

.\monnt dui' depositors, viz.: 

I'rinci|,al S2, l2s.;;o'.i (i:! 

Interest cicilitcd foi- the twcLc montl]> 

ending with |)ccrml.ci- •■'.l>l. ISilj. . (iLN'is ID 

.^1'. I ; )i u •".: L ! 

Suri)lns -J'.k;,!!") ol 



8-2.4S(i,."..")2 (il 



i;i;ci;ii>'is. 



Casli on hancl ami in hanks oi' trust com]i:inies .laiiuary l>t. IS'.tl, 

Lefore transactions of the day SSI,SS0 .".l 

l''rom ili'ipositors. nut incluilinti interest crcditi'd. . SHu.^Xrl 4."> 

l''rom intert'st on honds anil moi-tij;ai:cs. ..... 22, •")(>•) 00 

I'^rom interest and diviclends on stocks and honds. collateral 

loans, and from all other sources, ..... NS,.")42 SS 

I'^rom rents from liankini;-liouse, ...... S-'jO 00 

From mortffiiL'es ]iaid oi- called in. ...... ;^0,()00 GO 

From loans on collaterals rcp:dd 2,000 00 



>^1. 1 '.•■".. 7 SS (12 



TIIK C\'\'\ OK Ti;i';\'l'oV. 



i)isi',ri;si:>ri:NTs, 

Ti) (le|)()sitiirs, imliiiliiii; iiilriTst |i,-ii(| tn lliciii. . «<',i;).';,;; |s 1| 

I'lir stocks ami IkhhIs iMii'diascd. ]jai- \aluc. s 1 .",( ),()! )( i ; rust. 

iiichidiiiu |irciiiiiiiiis, ciiiiiiiiissidiis, \-i.. .... III.TWI i;7 

For ctUTriil i'\|M'iisi's. \\/.. : 

Fur salaries, ...... -S'.i,'-'-** *•" 

Fur taxes aiiil rc|iaii-s (HI liaiil^iiiii-liiiiisc, . .">.") | c,.", 

Fi>r statidU'i'v. inintiiii;, fuel. li'_;lils, i\:e,. . ,"')i;; 7'.) 

|(),2.SS I 



For taxes, except 1)11 haukiug-lioLise 111- cither real estate, . . 1,22'-) 2'.) 

Cash on hand and in hanks or trust couijianies, Deeeiuber ;:ilst, 

1894, after transactions of the day, 4-1.200 08 



•Sl.T.i;;.7X'S c- 
misci:i.i,.\m:iii-s. 



XtlliilMi- (if iipeii accciUlils .l.iuiiarv 1st, h^'.t'i, .... lO.fJSS 



■' :'.;;■) 



Xuilllier (if ;leeiilint~ ii|iellei| ur |-e-(i|iene(l durillL: the \'ear |N'.)|. 

Nuiidierdf aecdiiiils rlii^ed diiriiiu the \-ear 1MI|. . . . 2,()-'!li 

Interest iir (lixidelids (Tcilileil (|c]iii,~itiirsre/- the \iai' l.S;i|. . SCil.Si'S 10 

LarLi'est aiiiouiil due an y i uie ile| n isitm- .laiiuai'\' 1-t, lMl."i, irrln- 
■■'irf iif iiitei'('st and uf au\- de|iiisit made li\' (ii'der uf a cdiu't 
(if record or of a SurroLiate. ...... N,X|).", 7s 

A\'el'aL;i' aniounl of each aeeonni, .l:iiniai'\- Isl. |.S'.)."i. . . -Jdl O'J 

Kate per cent, of interest or di\ideni|s to depo-ilors during the 
year IS'.I J. .'i per cent. 

'I'm: |-"ii:si' Nation, \i, Hank. 

Tlie First National liank L;re\v out of the national liankinu ,-\stein. a ihartcr for this institution 
havini;' heen granted upon the tw cntN'-ci^lilh da\' of .lannar\-, JSCij. 'The oriLiinal capital was 
■SKIO.OOO, which was later inc ivased to s.')( )l I. ( Mill. |oir the tirst year of its career the First National 
Hank transat-ted its iinanci.d operations in the old llroad sticet room of the 'I'rcnton Savins; l'"nnd 
Society. In 1805, it rcnioNcd to its present hrow nslone Imildini; mi l'"ast Stale street, near IJroad. 

This structure is Well adapted for hankinii purposes, and is ceiilrally locate'!. Wdicn erected, 
the hank huildini: was the most noliceahle ohject in that poi'lion of the city, and altlKHiuh it has 
since heen suri-oimdcd hy huildinLis of a metropolitan type, the h.ankinudiouse has sulTcrcd nolhin.L: 
hy tile coniiiarison. 

The I'irst National Hank enjoNs a lar,L;e clienlai:i', partiiailafK' amouL; the many jiotterv and 
i-iiliher concerns of this city. 

The ollicers of the J'Mi'st .Xalion.al Hank are as follows : I'l'esidcnt. William 1. \'ainiest : \'ice 
['resident, John IF Scudder ; Cashica-, Ch.arlcs Whitehead: I'ayinii Teihi'. Willi.im S. Middleloii: 

lloeeivinjr Teller, .\ithm- II. Wdod : Xotaiy I'lihlicand .\ltorney. W Hiui-y I ). Holt. Directors — 

(le<.)rire 'S\. Comfort, Itich.ai'd .\. |)onnelly. Mahlon llulchinson, .lonath.an II. I!l;iekweli. .lolm IF. 
Scudder, William L N'annest. Joseph II. Iliehanlson. William 11. liidkaw. IlinryC. Case. 

r[ion the eh'Venth of July. I^'.io, the follow inii' was the condition of thi< liaid< : 



IIIOSorKl'KS. 

1-oans and discount.-. ........ >*1.IIII7.7<17 17 

Overrh'afts, sccui'cd and unsccm-cd. ...... •'■'••1 'i I 

Fnited States 1 d- to Mcnrc circulation .V ). ( II l( 1 (H I 

Fnited States h(ind> to secure Cnitccl State.- cjcpcisils.. .Ml.Otll) 01) 

Stoc-ks, securities, cVc., ..... Itr_'.'i7."> 72 

Hankiuir-liDUse, furnitui'c auci lixtures, ... .•;7.(H)ll (HI 

()thei'rcal estate ancl mor(j;a;4cs owned, .... .■>(l,>i2o Hii 



274 THE CITY OF TRENTON. 

Due fnnii iiatii)iial liunks (not resoiTe afrcntis), .... §39,241 27 

Due fi-oiii State hanks and bankers, 5,221 41 

l)uc tVi nil a I i|ir(ive<l reserve agents, ...... 1)5,876 50 

C'lieeks and other cash items, ...... 11,210 7() 

Notes of otlier national hunks, ....... 4,i;v') 00 

Fractional ]ia]ier currency, nickels and cents, . . . 570 2o 
Lawful money reserve in hank, viz.: 

Specie. 833,000 00 

Legal-tender notes, 12,13] 00 



45,131 UO 
Uedemiition fund with I'niteil States Treasurer (live [ler cent, of 

circulation), 2,250 00 



Total, 81,488,431 70 

LlAUlLrriKS. 

Caiiital .stock paid in S500,000 00 

Surjilus fund 2-50,000 00 

I'ndivided ])rofits, less expenses and taxes paid, . . . 4(5, (514 70 

National hank notes outstanding, ...... 45,000 00 

Due to other national hanks 2'.t,S(i() 03 

Due to State hanks and hankers 21,6.S!)y7 

Dividends un|)aid, ......... 3.()32 00 

hidividual deposits suhject to clii'ck, . . .S530,l>50 55 

Certified checks, ...... 3,772 (J3 

Cashier's (•hecks outstanding, .... 12,2()(j 32 

United States deposits 21,077 (JO 

Depcsits of l"nited States dishursingollicers, . . 23,86100 



5'.n.(;2'.l 00 



Total, SI, 488,431 70 

TuK i5i!o,\n Stukiot N.\ti(i.\ai. I!a\k. 

Yoiuigest of 'i'l'enton's mercantile hanks, and a record-lircakei' (measuring capital and age with 
results), is the Broad J^treet National Jiank. Organized on May I'.lth, 1887, it eounnenced husiness 
in the small store No. 188 South Broad street, on June 1st of tlie same year, and is thus just ahout 
eight years old. 

Its unparalleled growth proved the need of its existence. The very first day the doors were 
openeil the deposits rolled up ti> 822.0'.)0.02. The capital stock, originally $]00,000, was found 
inade(juate for the hank's growing husiness, and was increased to 8250,000 in .\ugust, ISSl). The 
footings of its tir.st statement ( .\ugust Isl, 1S.S7) were 8214,717.02 — which, on >fay 7tli, 1805, had 
grown to he 8057,C)SO. lit. 

Perhaps heca\ise oF its reputation for lilieralily in the tre.atnient of its jiatrons, together with a 
wise conservatism in its management, the Broad Street National J>ank has lieen uniforndy a money- 
maker for its shareholders. It has paid out in I'arned dividends since its incoi'poratiou S'.)l,250, 
besides leaving mitoucheil a surplus of §50,000. aiid has for future disposition a comfortalile nest- 
egg of undivided prolits amounting to 820.000. 

The meudiers of the jireseut l>oard of Hircctors who wei-e in the original hoard are Israel Howell, 
I!. >L I'hillips, Richard 1'. Wilson. Thomas S. Stevens, .Joseph V. Lanning, Oliver O. Bxiwuian. 
William (J. Howell and l'"rancis C. Lowthi>rp. In .lanuary, ISS.s. Gvorge II. A\diittaker, brick 
manufacturer and real estate dealer, was added to the nundier. l''rederick A\'alter, the grocer, 
became a I)iret-tor in .lanuary. IMIO. Frank O. ISriggs, Assistant Treasurer of .John .\. lioeliling's 
Sons Company, was chosen in .Kjiril, ISKl. 

Joseph Y. Lanning was elected President of the liank early in IXSS^ succee<ling Lewis I'arker, 
who resigne(l on account of ill health. ( )liver ( ). JSowman became \'iee President at the same time. 
.Joseph O. I?rearh'y was the baidc"s lirst Cashier, and liobert .L l>race the lirst Ti'ller. Botii con- 
tinued to fill their respective positions mitil April, l.S!)2, wlu'n, ^Jr. Brearley's health having given 



THE f'TTY OF TREXTON. 275 

way. tlic dllici' (if Assistant Casliiia- was crfatcil aiKl Mi. lii-aci' was I'l.'ctcd (o assist liini. until soiiio 
time later, wlicii Mi-. UiTarliy liiiiliiiu his licallii miiiii]ir(ivi'(l, i-esi.iincd. .Mr. {{race was tlicrcuiion 
rlcctcil Cashier. He \\n\,\< the |i(isiticiii t"-il.ay, .and lias hy his tact and niodesty of denicaiKir done 
inneli to help Mr. Laniiiii- and the Board of Directors |(j place ihe h.mk in the lii'.:li r.ink the insti- 
tution holds in the estimation of thouuhtful and conser\-ati\-e hiisiiii'ss men. He is ably assisti.'d liv 
Edwin .M. 'riiorn. Teller, who has heeii coiniecti'il with the hank since Octohei', 1.S87, and William 
S. Case. Ueceivini;- Teller, whose si-rvice dates from l)eeeinher. hSS.S. 

In 1SS7, the hank purcliaseil the handsome lots l.!II| .iiid 20.'! South Broad street, .some thirty 
hy one hundred and twenty fi'ct in size, on wliiih they erected their handsome hankin>:-housc. 
The front is hamlsoniely desimied in the I!oni.inesi|Ue styli', and is hiiilt <4 Uerea stone with marlile 
and granite trimmings. The Imildiiig is twenty-seven hy eighty-live feit in si/.e, alTording ample 
facilities for the hig business the institution is liouml to possess in thi' verv near future. 

The lot on which the hank stands was the site of A. W . y:n-(Vs soap Faetorw which our older 
citizens and many of the yotmger husiness men will rcnicmhi'r as one of Trenton's i;e\'olutionary 
landmarks. 

This is the re|iort of the condition of the I'. road Street Xation.al Hank, at th(> close of lur-;incss 
•July 11th, LSU-j : 

RESOUR(?ES. 

Loans and discounts, ........ •S<)()],4.").'> lis 

Overdrafts, secm'cd and unse<aired, ..... 314 7() 

United States bonds to secure (-inula t ion, oO.OOO 00 

TTnited States bonds on hand, 20.000 00 

rremiums on United States bonds, ...... 7,.")0tt 00 

Stocks, securities, &c., ........ ll,i»47 7'.i 

Banking-house, furniture and llxtures, ..... ;!(),. ".S;") (III 

Other real estate and mortgages owned, ..... l.">, 14.") 00 

1 )ue from national banks I not reserve agents ), .... ■iO.Cil'J 17 

1 )ue from State lianks and hankci's, ..... li.O.")'.) 7o 

Due from approved reserve agents, ...... ■')7,-)2(; 'AH 

Checks and other cash items, ...... 2, (if)-") '.)."> 

Notes of other national banks .".,020 00 

Fractional paper curi-cncy, nickels and cents, . . . 2,12.'! 72 
J^awful money reserve in bank, viz. : 

Specie, -Si;;, I'.iO 2.") 

Legal-tender notes, 11.700 oil 

.JI.SIK) 2.') 



licdcniptioii fuial with United States 'l''rcasurer ( •") percent, of 

cirenlationj. 2,2.^0 00 



Total, •S.sr.."),724 V.] 

I.I.MUI.ITIICS. 

Capital sto(-k j.aid in, .«;2.^)0,000 00 

Surjilus fund r)0,000 00 

Undivided profits, less ex]ienses and t.-i.\es p.aid, . . . 14, .'m!* 14 

National bank nol(>s outstanding, 4."),(X)0 00 

l)ue to other national banks, ....... 10,()r)2 14 

Due to State banks and bankers, Ud'.);; 11 

Individual deposits subject to ciieck, . . S|2'.l,201 2'.) 

Certified checks, ....... 75o 00 

Cashier's checks oulslandinir, .... l,.")o.") 4.") 

I31,JS;) 74 



Notes and bills redis(rounted, 17,500 00 

ISills payable, 45,000 00 



Total, §S(;.5,724 43 



27(i 



UK ( rrv OF Ti:i:.\T()X. 



'I'lic t'lilluwiiit.' ail' till- olliccrs of tlic Imnk : I'i'csiilcnt, .losrpli '\'. Lanniii^ ; Sci-rctai'v, l''raiicis 
('. Lii\vtliiii|i : l!((<i\ iiiL' 'I'cllcr. W. S. Case: I'ayiiii;- Teller. K. M. 'riidni. Dirccturs — .Icisc])li Y. 
Laniiiiiir. lsra(4 llii\vi41. William ( i. Ilcwill. 11. M. l'liilli|is, 'riidinas S. Stevens, l'"iaiik(). 1 irijjfr.s^ 
Uieliaiil 1'. Wilson, (!e(ir;;-e K. WliittaUer. {•"i:iiicis ( '. I,(i\vtli(ii|i. ( ). ( ). I'.nwiiian. l'"reileri(k Walter. 

Till': 'ruKNTiix TiiisT ANh Saii; |)i;riisrr CoMrAW. 

Trnsl and safe ile|iiisit eciin|i.-niies have Wiv a nunilier of years lieeii \'ei'y |Mi|inlai- and sueeesst'ul 
in the lai-i;c cities of the I'nited States. |i,artieidarly I'xistnu. New ^"llrk and I'liiladelphia. ('i>ni- 
|>anies cif tiiis kind ai'e imw in siieeessfnl (i]ii'rati(in in neai'ly all of the wi-althier seetiuns uf tlie 
Cniled Slat.'S. 

in Mav, ISSS, this <-iini|iany heuan husiness under the name nf Tin- Ih-al ICstate. Sale l)e|)i)sit, 
Trust and Investment ('iini|iany nf New -li'rsey. Jts lirst I'resiilent was .Indii-e l']d\vard T. (Ireen, 
Tliis ciimiianx' has iiniwn t" lari;e |irci|iiirtinns. In its linan<-e ilepartnient it has depusits ol' uvei- 
hall' a million ilnllars. on which il allows interest at tVoni two to three |ier centum per annum, and 
a.uainst which tile depositoi' may draw checks at sii:ht. In an ordinai'y liankiuir estahlishment the 
stockholders receive the earnings, and the d<'|iositor nets ni>thinL; I'oi- the use of his money. In 
trust companies the depositor is (irst considereil ami lii>f paid out of earnint;s. Last vear over 
S12.000 was paid to the depositors of this company as interest on their deposits. 

The safi' deposit department has facilities second to none as rei:ards convenience and location. 
It has two lart;'e vaults. IJencath the safe deposit \ault is a lartre stora.nc vault, ahsolutely lire- 
pl'oof : lioth of them well vi'Utilaled. This coi-poi-al ion acts in a lidu<-iai'v ca|iai-itv. and has a trust 
ilepartment. It acts a> executor, trustee, A'l'. 

The special ad\amaL;cs which a corpoi'ation constituted like this has over an individual for the 
execution of tiaists are i-ontinuit \' of service, eniciencw s,afet\', convenience ;ind ecouomv. It has 
also a surely dep.artmciU. which li.is liccijuie most valuahle and convenient to the counnunity a> 
w ell as to the courts. 

The aulhoi-i/cd capital stock of the company is .^200,(1(1(1, of which sKHI.OOO has heeu paid in. 
Some of the stronucst men in Ti-ciitou are idenlilied with the company. Its President is Ilutrli If. 
Ilamill; \'ic-e I'l'esideuls. Col. Wasiiiniiton .\. lioehlinu and lion. Henry S. Little. Its counsel for 
a nnndier of yc-ars \v,as Hon. Ilarker < i umnicn-, and it ha- a lar^e. strong; ISoard of Manaiicment. 

The following: was the londitiou of the Trenton Tru>l aucl Safe l)e|iosit ("om|iany upon 
Deeenilier :'.1>I. hs'.H : 



lionds .and moi1i;aL;cs, .... 
Slock.- and lionds, viz. : 

I!e]]uhlican ('lull, Trenton, hoiid. . 

Schcrol Districi No. -JO honds, 

Middlesex I'.ankin;.; Company Dehenlnre 

honil, ...... 

.\tchison. To|ieka and Santa I'e liailroad 

IioikIs. ...... 

I'niteil Slates Cordai;e Companv honils. 
I nited .'^tales Cordaue Com]ian\' liiiar- 

anteed stock. ..... 

National Cor<laL;e Trust Lii|uidation Cer- 

lilicate 



iM'lsoiiaKs. 



(■i>sl. 

.^100 00 
j.L'.'iO (1(1 

.")()0 00 

17.22'i 00 

:!.200 00 

.">(1(1 00 

71S ■.',■■) 



S204.(iC.2 '.IS 



Loans siM'ureil liy collaterals. ..... 

Loans on ]iersonal security, ineluiliui! hills purchased. 

Real estate, I'ost and presiait estimate<l value. 

Cash on (le|>osit in hanks oi- trust companies. 

Casli on hand, ....... 

Casli items, ........ 



I'ar 


Maik<'( 




vulii... 


valiii'. 




.•*l(lll 00 


SlOO 00 




l,2-'lO 0(1 


4,2.'>0 00 




.")00 00 


."lOO 00 




■JO. 00(1 00 


1 ■_', ,s-_'.") 00 




:;.■_'( 10 00 






."jOO 00 


2..S20 00 




71 s :]:! 






82'.i,2(i.s :!;! 


S20,4'.).") 00 


20. 4'. 1.") 00 

1.55, .S21 00 

107.2!)0 00 

(iS,(i87 05 

42,527 41 

22,96() 57 

435 05 



THK CITY ()!■' Ti;i;X'r()X. 



■in 



Otlui' assctH, viz. : 

IlitiTi'st accnu'il. 

lutLTcsl due ami imt c-(iI1ci'Iim|, 

Fiirnitui'c .-iinl lixtiiics. . 

liciits acciucil. 

Surc'tysliip and vaiil( rriil. 



i.iAi;ii.iTii>. 
( 'a|pilnl stuck paiil in in c:i-|i. ..... 

rnili\iili-(l ]iriitit.~. mt aninuiil, ...... 

|)ciiianil ili']iii>its. ........ 

'J'iinc ili'|i(i>its. ......... 

OtliiT lialiililic.':, viz., interest accaninl (jn ili-po.sits. cslinialcd. 



MlsrKi.i..\M;ciis. 

Total pnilits (if rvcrv kiml rrccivcil (Inrini: tin \i'ai- isiil. 

Aniuuiit iif iiitiTc.st jjaid Xu ami (a'c<litcd i|(|iu.sii(,|-s diirinu tlir \rar. 

Tcital rxpciiscs i)f the I'lir] idratinii dui'in;: tlif year. 

Xuinlicr 111' dipnsitiiis at tlic datr nf tliis I'cpoi'l. .... 

Nlimlicf 111' di'|iiisits nn wliirh intifot is allnwrd .at tlli< date. . 
Tiital aiiKitiiif tliiiivir. ........ 

liatc u! iiitiTc-st nn sainc. 2 and -l prr ccnl. 



■■'.-I'M ■")() 

l.'.i7ii 7,s 

:'.,2M M 

41111 111! 

.■")(l] (III 



sil. id'.i l: 



?;(i;;;i.s;;i is 

.< 1 1 in, I K « I I III 

1, ■■)■).■: u-i 

L'l •"..(; IS ,s7 

:ni.r,ri| ;;'.i 

.").(IIIO (10 

8C);!;i.,s:;4 is 



s;;i).27:! ;•:: 
>* 14. ()'.)() ■')7 
.^14.424 s!) 

i,;;.')4 

I.I IS 

><l7l.iis:; -ii 



Till-; lii;.\i. h'siAii-; 'rrn.i'; ('umi'an\- m .\i;\\ .li:i:si:v. 

This (•(iiu]iaiiy was nvoanizcd in isss. Kdward II. .Mnrpliy was its first I'fcsidciit. and was 
Iafi;c4y instininicntal in iii-;j:anizinL; and cstalilisliiiiL: this coinpany. lis uhjccts afc tn insmT thr 
title t(i I'cal c'stati-. and In insure airainst adverse e(in\i'yanees, iiKirlL'aues. decedents' dchts and all 
liens of rt'eor<]. and make scarc-hes, A'c. 

Tjiis e(iiiipany lias liccomc of innnense value to dcalei-s in real estate, to the har of the i-ounty, 
and to the eonnniinity at larj^e. The cinplo\-es of the companv' ai'e experts in their line, aiid.are 
iindci- the skillful sli]icrvision of .Mi-. .\m;ii-tc W'eiih I. the heail of ili<' depai'tincnt. 

Its 1 )ircct<irs are 11(1)1. (I. I). W. \'i-ooni. lion. William .M. Laiinini;, James lUichanan. l'>i|tiii-e. 
llti<.di II. llainili, Kscpiire, lion. l>arton 1'.. 1 1 ntiliinson and Samuel W.alkei-. Jr.. l'><niire. all of 
them lawyers of liiuh slamlinii;. of which Ilnnh II. llamill. l']si|nire. is I'lcsidcnt. and James 
lliichaiiaii, Es(|iiire. is Mee President. 



Xkw Ji;i;si;v Ihii.iii.Nc, l,o.\.\ .\.\n 1 .\\i;-i\ii;.\i' ('omi'.\n"i'. 

This company was incorporated July 17lh. IS'.II. It is a mutual institution, takini; small 
deposits montiily from its memhers, lo.anini:' thise deposits to others, .and extcndiii;.' them an 
opportunity to huild a house for them-i l\c- and their fannlics. and to p.ay olV tlnar indchtedncss in 
small monthly iiayments. The cimipaiiy hriiiLis the lender and the hoi-rower toLii'lher. Tin- money 
of the meiidiers is kejit in circulation in the proper channels, anil the eaniintrs are ilivided amoni; 
tlic meiiiliers. thus sceuriiii.' to them its i|se and increase. 

This com|iany have extended theii- husiness throuirhoiil the .'^tate, and liy the oiiranizatioii of 
local liranclies in every citv and town, thcv are in the lusl position to ci|itali/.e the money interests 
as they fmd investors in one locality, and tisc their money to supply the horrowers that ai-e located 
in other parts of the State, and in this \va\- acconimodate the menilicrs in the dilfcrcnt localities. 



•27S THE cnv OF TUKNTON. 

Till' :iutliiiri/.c(l CM])!!;!] <if tliis cnniiiany is -S K I, ODD, 01)0, and sliarcs are issued at SlUU each, 
|)a\alilc in small nionthh- iiaynimts. These- deposits are loaned to the horrower, and a system 
of ra])id (•oni]>onndinfr and reloaninu enaiiles thcni to realize the larirest returns to divide anioiif; the 
stockholders. A careful examination nf the system and the nature of the securities will convince 
the most skeptical of the safety and sccuiity I illVred to an investor in the shares of this company. 

The management are careful and conservati\-e, and at all times lookinu after the welfare of the 
memhers. The ollicers of this company are Iluiili IF. llamill. President; John II. Scudder, \'ice 
I'rcsidcnt : .lohn \'. r>o\d. Secretary : William <1. .Moure. Treasurer; Hon. Barton l'>. Hutchinson, 
Counsel. Directors — Ilujih II. Hanull, .lohn II. Scudder. William (i. ^loore, -hihn \'. Boyd, Owen 
TI. Locke, I?ai-kcr (iummere. .lames II. Durand. Charles .1. Parker, .fames C. Ucciie. All known 
to ln' iiractical lousiness men. \\\u< will ;;iiard well the njoncv inliaisted Id their care. 



l)0.\i;i) oi' Ti{.\iiK. 

On the twentv-litth of .lanuarv, IS(iS. a puhlic meetinu- of citizens was called to meet at the 
.\ssemlilv lioom of Tavlor Hall, to consider llic advisahility of organizing a Board of Trade. 
Many of the prominent liusiness men of om- city atti'nded the meeting, and ]\Ir. E. .1. (_'. Atter- 
liury was chosen Chairman and Mr. Chai-lcs Hewitt selected as Secretary. 

,\1 this mcctinu- a committee of twenty was selected to n'lmrt im a constitution and hy-laws foi- 
the organization, which connnittcc. on the si.xth of I'^eliruai'y, reported, and an organization of the 
Hoard of Trade of the city of Trcntnn was elVectrd. and the following oflicers were elected : 

I'l'csident, .liijin .\. leiehliiig; I'^iist \'ice President. .lohn Taylor; Second Vice President. 
Daniel H. P.odine ; Treasurei-, Thomas .1. Strykci-: Secrctaiw. .lames P. Stc|ihens. together with the 
following Executive Comnnttee : Charles Hewitt, .lohn S. Xohle. Samuel K. Wilson. WMlliam 
Dolton, .1. !■". Iloiiilavcr, II. C. Scudder, Elias Conk. .lann'S P. Stejjhens, Indali Muurc, Charh's 
Carr, I'^dward W. Scuddei' and (ieorgc -lames. 

The olijects of the organization were more i)articularly set forth in the following [ireamhle 
and resdlution. which were tmanimonsly adopted : 

•• WuKKK-Vs, The city nf Tirntiiu. possessing jieculiar advantages of location for trade and 
mamifactories, is rai)idly advancing in all the leading interests that comhinc in Imilding up a lirst- 
class inland city, an<l. having nnitid the representatives of cajiital, trade and manufactni'cs in an 
association known as the Boai'd of Ti'adenf the City of Trenton, it is ]irop<'i' that the ohjects of 
this organization should he clearly underst 1 anil set forth ; tlua'cfore, he it 

" licsolrctl. That the purposes of this I'.oai'd are to secure a conminnity of all interests vitally 
important to the growth and jirosperity of the city ; to further anil protect our manufacturing inter- 
ests ; to secure and utilize the local and natural advantages at om' command ; to attract and divert 
capital into the <'hannels of industrv ; to lU'gc pnhlic ami private ini]irovements ; to colli-ct and 
]ircservt' valuahle statistical information ; to <-onduce to progress and success, to the end that 
foreign ca|)ital may see in the city of Trenton an inviting held." 

Thus the ohjects of the organization were distinctly set forth, ami for the furtherance of these 
ohjects the Board of Trade has ever given its hest elforts, counsel and inllucnce. 

U[)on the fourtet'uth of March, l^Tl, the Board of Trade was incorporated. It was the lirst 
organization of its kind in the Stat<' of New Jersey to avail itself of such advantage. 

During the years of its existence some of our most prominent, pros))erous and influential 
citizens have heen connected with the Pxiard, many of whom have iiresided over its deliherations 
as President. We might name here some of the [iromincnt men who have heen President of 
the Board. John .\. liocliling, who died July, IMIii). ami whose successors were as follows : 
Charles Hewitt, INd'.) ; Alfred S. Living.^^ton, INTO; Jacol, I!. Frecse, 1S71 ; Ogden W. Blackfan, 
l.s7-_>; Ceorge S. (ireen, ISTo ; I). P. Forst, 1X71: .h.hn Moses, IST') ; William Dolton. lS7(i ; 
1). 15. Coleman. 1X77; John S. Nohle, 1S7S ; James Buchanan, 1.S71I; Adam E.xton, 1.S80 ; W. 
W. P. Phillip.s, ISSl ; B. Cill, 1S,S2-S:^; Charles Scott, ISS.") ; A. J. Rider, lSS(i-S7-8S; Dr. C. 
Shepherd, PSS'J; B. B. Hutchinson, IS'.K) ; Lewis Parker, 1X1)1-92; E. C. Hill. lSl):!-n4 ; Dr. II. 
(i. Norton, 18U5. 

Mr. AV. W. Stelle was elected Secretarv of the Board in 1S7:1. and has heen annually n-clccted 
to that oHice since, thus s<rvini: the Board foi- twentv-two consecutive \ears. 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



279 



During all these years of tluj linaril's cirgaiii/.atii)ii many iiiattcrs nf tln' utinost iiii]i(irtance 
have come befurc the Board fur cDiisidci-atioii ami actiuu, [icrtaiiiimi' t" the citv's welfare, the 
prosi)erity nf the eoniiminity. and thr adsanccmciil of tlic Lri'iicral liu<iii(>s iiitci-ests of the citv 
and the improvements incident tn a uruwinu nnniici|>ality. The ucntlcmi'ii w ho ha\e hccn asso- 
ciated with the Board have given their wise comisel and rncr^ctic inliucncc tn inan\- ami. we mi'jlif 
say, all matters tliat have had for tlnir aim the ])nlilic weal. 

The present ullicers are: Dr. II. G. Nortim. I'rcsidrni : Ira W. Wdod, h'irst N'irr President ; 
Hugh H. Ilamill, Second ^'ice President; W. W. ."-iti'lle, S(ciiiai\- : Ivlmnnd Wood, Treasni-er. 
togetlicr with the following Trustees: Lewis Parker, S. K. Kaufman, .\dani lv\|on. l']. .M. OillicM 
and Kihnund A\'ood. 




(•ii.\i''im:u xxMii. 



THE CITY OF TO-DAY 



Thicxton's DisTiNca-isiiiNf: C'iiahactehistic a I*1!(i(:hi:<sivk Cdnsekvatism — T\\]< Appkars i.\ 

I''VKI,'V rilASi: (IF ("ITV I.IKI': StA'I'ISTK S OK I'c IITI, ATH IN AMI M AN I'KAI TriiES, IS'JO TO 1895 

'I'lll'] l'"lNAN( iAI. riiMHIlilN 111' Tl! K.NIl IN. 




I.TH()r01I TiTiitnn (if tu-(lay lian for licr watcliwinil '' I'roirrrss, "" it is set in 

c"'\> ;\\ • iiniiii-r ini'lcs an<l IkiuikIs liv a wise conscrvatisni. In vain do we oxainine the 

'^^ ' N""ij*ii#- |ianrs of 'I'l'cnlon's history foi' any reconls of niunici|ial cxtravaLianci'. Our eity 

J''' "/i^.-''''\i lias met eonditions as she has found tiiein, lias irrown steadilv and surelv, Init 

'-■<-■ /^'^ has lU'Ver sought to creati' siK-h conditions. Wisdom has jire-emineiitly distin- 

•juished her course. The horoULrlis. to\vnshi|is and |iortions of to\\nshi|is whieli 

cj^*\;_jjj^ have heeome a ]iart of her existence have, as it were, irlided into their new 

(g)Q^^ ~k relations. .\'o foi'cc, no ]iersuasion, no sjieeious |iroinises were used — merely an 

(^^.^^y" inevitalili' alisorption which i-ould only make the hody cor|iorate more stronir 

and |icrnianently eii<lnrin,u. 

This heini;- true of these more jiatcnt ])hases of her develoiiment, the same s|iirit is found 

aetuatinir her Imsiness anil social life. Trenton has hecn too remote fi'om either i'liiladcl|iliia or 

Nc\\ ^'llrk to heeome the storehouse for the surplus of metroiiolitan life. The characteristics of the 

|ircseiit Ivist and West .lersev towns lyinu' eonti,L:uous to the ureat cities are wantinc in Trenton. 

That vast tide of hnnianitv which elihs and Hows aia-oss the llndson and the Udawarc, niakini;- 

near-hy towns iiiiniatin'e rc|iroduetiiins of the metrojiolis, scarce touches this city. Trenton is hii;lily 

iniUviduali/.ed. It is a city where the home is in constant touch with the linancial and social 

powers which create that home. Trenton's history, in short, is uniipie. and \\liatc\er >lii- is to-day 

is verv lari;'elv the result of her own actions and of the energies of the men and women who dwell 

within her Imrders. This, however, is not proxineialism. It is not a lack of sympathy with 

hnnianit\- which dwells in the ureater cities. I'pon the otli.a- hand. Treiitoirs name has reached 

the most ri'inote districts of every ICuropcan counlrv. The foreii;ii population of Trenton is very 

larti'e and constantly iiici'i^asimj. lUlt it is not a " drifting;- '" class ; its permanency is proverhial. 

Were the city "provincial," would this he true? Did otiiei- cities offer , ■greater induecnient>. would 

the forei,i:n-horn lesideiits, wlm have no associations with our older hearthstones, remain within 

our limits ? 

In her |ihil,-iiithropie and ecclesiastical life Trenton su|iports a lialf hundred churches, three 
liospitals and a lumiher of missions and homes, t'hm-ch societies, suc-h as thi' l']pworth f.eauue, 
Kin;:"s Dauirhlcrs, Christian I'^ndeavor d sIidIIIIi r. are of i^rcat strength, anil are doinir a nohle work in 
cverv portion of the city. The charities of Trenton are not ostentatious hut are none the less potent. 
In cit\- jrovermnent tiie spirit of conservatism prevails. Trenton has nc\er saddled herself with a 
hwsv municipal deht and tlicn Lione into hankinptey and ipiasi-i'epudiation. .Mlhouiih slow to adopt 
tlie system of .^ewers. paved streets and electric liiililin.i;. these have hecn adopted as occasion h.-is 
ari.sen, and at present Trenton eiijoy,^ the repntalioii of iicinii' one of the hestdii;hled cities in the 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



281 



T'niiiii. Tlic rr|iutatii>ns nf tlir iidlicc iuul lire ilc|i;irliiirnts ;in.' sustiiinril liy tlic siiii|ili' mi'iiticni nf 
tlirii- iianu's. 

Ti'cntdii as a cinnniri-cial cciitrr is kiinwn tlic ruiuitiT uvci'. 'I'lir traviTniL^ miii dl' the |Hi||crics 
ami i I'd 1 1 <-diii|iaiiirs iisuallv make their jicaihuiarlcrs in (lie cil w and si art I'i'dni llic ritv dn '' tri|is "' 
uliicli iiacli td Mrxicd, N'ancdiivcr. (iuclirc nv Havana. 'I'liis Irads diiTitly Id a fact cdnccrninL; 
Ti'cntdn : it is tiiat iid dtliiT i-ity in the Stati' is sd well ii|ni|i|H-il in tiir niattrr dl' lidtds. 'i'lii> is 
dwini;- iidt Sd niucli td tlir daily ti'avi'i as td tln' fact lliat 'I'lcnlini is the '"ipjial of tiii' State, where 
are lield the annual sessidns df the I>eL;islatin'e. State cun vent idns df all the |idlitical |iaitics and the 
most itnpdrtant nieetinus df the secret Sdcieties are held in 'I'lentdn. Ijcc.inse df the raihdad and Imtel 
aecdinmddatidns. The fdlldwiiiu are thi' names of the l,irL;cr hdtels. \vith their capacities ; ,\niei'i<-an. 
L'OI); Harldw's, KtO; Stati' Strec't, I'Jd ; T|-etitdn, L'dd; I'nited States. T'l : Windsdi-. ;;(l(). 

In the ""Trentdu ilduse" is the Statc'-fanieil rddin '■<)nc Hundred." where the iidUtical fdr- 
tunes (if many men df [iriindnence in State jidlities ha\e heeii made dr \\reckiil. 




KoM Sain I M v i:n s ( ■.\-i'!n;i>li M sii iti. I.' imk r 



In the life df that iiditidu df the city wliieli is strictly fashiduaMc, the characteristics of .society 
arc m...leled lar-ely updU I'hiladcjpliia lini's. Many if not all the .|Ualitics whii'h distin.uuisli that 
city ari' a|i|ilicali|c td Ti-cntdu. In this respect Trcntun is sl|-ictly cdiiservative. and has never 
addptcd the wilier ranue df New ^'mk and her mure cusindpulitan ideas. This pi-ccludcs in Trcntun, 
anv Ideal llnluniid ; nor is theie in the city an artistic, a musical nr a literary '•//(/"r. im-xr. Chlh lite, 
cdnsei|Uently. is nut a very distinct ive feature, althdiii^h the histiirieii-patridtic urdcrs. such as the 
Sons I if the llcvdlntidn. Sdir- nf the .\ ineriean Itevulutidn. I )aui:liters (if the .\meriean KeVdIutidn, 
and ('dliinial |)ames, are vci-y inliuciitial social faeturs. 

The advanta'jes (if the citv df Tnaitun have hccn sn well descaalicd hy the ruiard df Trade, that 
td dd am^ht e than npeat llieni Wduld he su|ierllniius. They arc thus stated : 

"The city df TrentdU is heautifully and healthfully located at the head df tide-water, on the 
I'iver Delaware, and is the capital df the State of -New .fersey and df .Mercer cdunty. It was scttlc(l 
ahdiit KiT'.t hy Mahlun Stacy, was the liattle-f;round of two imjiortant hattles duriuLf the Itcvolu- 
tiduary war. and in MM was the seal df the Natinnal ( loveriimcnt. It has a population of si.xty- 



282 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



five thousaml inlialiitaiUs. It lias unsurj)assLHl railroad comnumicationp, heinir <m tho main lino 
1)1" tiic IViiiisylvania railroad, and is winncrted hy a four-nnlc hranch with tlic Baltimore ami Ohio, 
the Central, and the lU'adini; i-ailmad systems. It is ecimiiMted via linrilentown with the Camden 

and And)oy railroad, and has 
short and direet connection l)y 
the Uelvidere Delaware route 
with tile coal and ii'on rej.dons 
111' i'ennsylvania. It has forty 
daily trains to New Yuvk and 
litty-oiie to I'liiladelphia, an<l 
the fares are low . It has <_rood 
canal facilities, uitli ehea|i 
trans|i<irtation rates. it has 
daily steamhoat coimection 
uitli l'liiladel|ihi.-i, via tlie 
Hiver 1 )ela\v,lic. It lias low 
freii;hts and fi'ec|Ui'nt mails. 
1 1 is the central ]i(iint of dis- 
tiiliuliiin lietween .W'w York 
ami I'liiladelphia. it is within 
t\vo hours of Long Branch and 
the seashore. Tt has teleLa-a])li 
coimections with all points, 
and lonir-distunce telei)lione 
connection with all ])oints east of Chica.L'o. It is the seat of the State Li'^islature, of the United 
States Circuit and District Com-ts, of the .New .Iei>ey Court of I'>rrors and Appeals, ("ourt of 
Chaneerv, Supreme CoiU't. Court nf I'ai'don^. and (if tlii' >h-reei- county enui'ts. There are hicated in 
and near Trenton the State Capitol. Cnited Slates Court Jlouse, State haw Lihrary, State Normal 
ami Model Schools, State Dcaf-Mute School. State Insane Asylum, State Industrial School for (iirls, 
State I'rison and Slah' .\rseiial. 




ilih.l- N W I tt.i. A \ l-INTK. 



It is the center of the jMittei-y 
trade, and manufactures half 
the china and cruckevy pro- 
duced in the Cnited State>;. 
It sends out twn hundrcil 
drununers. Its coi-jMirate 
limits ]\;wr recently heen ex- 
tended. It is well Kovcrned, 
has a small deht and low 
taxes. It is a healthy city, 
has excellent surface drainatre 
and an adnurahle system of 
sewers. It has an ahundauce 
of water. It is well lii.diti'd 
hy hoth electricity and gas. It 
has an cflicient police force of 
seventy-seven men. It main- 
tains a wcll-nianageil ]iaid lire 
dejiartnu-nt, with all modern 
ajipliances. It has splendid 
schools — a Normal School for 

training teachers, a .Modi'I School maintained hy the State, a free High School, and twenty-one 
granunai' schools, hesides three husincss colleges and several private art and music sclionls. 

"It has thirty miles of streets, many of whidi are well paved. It h.as a I'ark of ciiie hundred 
acres that is a perfet't gem ; a ])uhlic square, and many large open spaces al>out the puhlic liuildings. 




^Tftr" ^^^ 







ScKNK ON KaST HaNiiVKU STUKKT. 



TIIK CITY OF TItEX'I'ON. 



28;? 



It is soon to beu'in the ronstnictidii nl' a 1mui1c\:ii-i1 di- vivi/r drivi-, wiiicli will cxfi'iiil livr inile^; aloinr 

tlio River Delaware. It lias ((Hiiiilrtrd the I'lccti I' a s7"),nil(l niiJiiunicnt In rdniincnioratc the 

liattle (if Treiitiiii. J t lias elmi'elies i if alniust ev<'i-y ileiioiiiiiial iuii, anil a li\c ^'llllnL; .Mi-n's ( 'liri>tiaii 
Association. Jt lias ei<:lit liotels nf tlir lari^cr kind, with a eapaeity of twelve hundred quests. It 
has su]ieriiir markets, sujiplied with the Kist iiicat>, vcuetahles, fruits and jirdiluee, Tuesdays, 
'riiiirsdays and Saturdays hciiit; the farnurs' inai-ket days. It has a low death-rate. Jt has 
three natiimal banks, a s.afe deposit and trust ediniiany, and a, strdnLr, \vell-niaiiat;ed savinus hank. 
It has three daily newsjiapers, a Sunday |)a|ier, si.x weeklies and a hi-weeklv. It has a t<'leiihdne 
system with a larn'e r//V/(/(/( of Idi'al sul>sei-ili<'rs. It ha,^ elect rie ears runnini;- to every part df IIk; 
city and suhnrlis. It lias a beautiful ( )pera House and a Masdiiie Temple, ami inuiierous small 
halls. It has a Public Libi-ai-y of ten tlmusand vohnnes, liesidt's the State Lihi'arv <if forty thou.sand 
\(ilumes. It has thret' free hdspitals. a free disinnisary, a ('liildrcn"s lldiin', a l''ldrenec ^fissidii, a 
Widows' anil Simple A\'omcn's Ildinc, a Day Nursery and a Soi'ii4y fur Orj^ani/.in^' Charity. ft has 
prd.uressive buildin.i; and Inan associations. It offers numerous attractinns of a sportin;_' nature. It 
has a fleet of yachts .and sail-bnats mi the river, a IlidiiiL;- .\eadeiiiy, a |)riviiii;- Park, the .Meiver 
Cdunty Wheelmen llicyele Club and a nymnasiuni. It has the Inter-State l''air fur an annual 
cxhiliitiim. 

"It lias jiotteries, pdik-paekint: (■stablishmeiits, rdlliiiL: and wire mills, rubber wurks, 
wodlcn mills, oilcloth wurks. watch factories, tlint mills, huiiber mills, spice mills, tcrra-cntta 
works and foundries. It manufactures carriajies and waiions, bunts and shnes. a.ixricultural 
iniiilenients, steam i/n^ini'S, tools and anvils, hardw.ire, buws .and felines, biieks and lii-e-bricks, 
brushes, carpets, cigars, chains, saddlery, barrels, fertilizers, p.ajicr buxes, nrjians and jiianos, 
[lunijis, saws and saw toeth, soajis and watches. Its pieojile are intelliticnt, liberal and hosiiitablc, 
and they cordially welcumc new residents." 

As to the industrial lift' of Treiitim the statistics compiled fr the census of ISDO, show a 

marked <;ain oyer the preceding decade. The fVillowing tabulated statements presented hei-ewith 
include only establishments which I'eportcd a product of :Bo"() or more in \aluc during the census 
year, and, so far as practicable, only those I'stablishiniaits operating works loeated within the 
corporate limits of the city : 

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF TOTALS UNDER GENERAL HEADS OF INODIRV: 18S0 AND ISOfl. 



INDrSTRlES. 


Number 
industries 
reported. 


Number 
establish- 
ments 
reporting. 


Capital." 

§6,966,830 
14,919,417 


Hands 
employed. 


Wages paid. 


Cost of mate- 
rials used. 


All Lnilustries | j^^ 


73 
85 


404 

777 


8.902 
12,284 


$3,150,119 
t;,48-,300 


?7.421.3<t9 
8,740,888 





Miscellaneous 
e.\penses.t 


Vului' of 
product. 


aiUNicii'Ai. n.\i A. 


INDCSTRIES. 


ropulntion. 


As,scs,sed 
valuution. 


Municipal 
debt.} 


All Industries f J^^J 




$12,712,762 
I9,.597,l)01 


29.910 
57,458 


?1.'),I!-0,0I7 
28,033,248 


JH64,501 
953,528 


»938,413 



* The value of hired property is not included for 1890, because it was not reported in 1880. 

f No inquiry in 1880 relatiuK to " Miscellaneous «?xpenses." 

:The amount stated represents the " net debt," or ttie total atnount of municipal debt less sinliiiu,' fund. 



A striking feature of these returns is the satisfactory increase in the number of establishments 
i'c]iorted. .'^till more gratifying is the increase during the decade in the number of hands employed 
and the amount of wages paid : the wage- have increased not only actually but relatively, the 
average wages jier hand inci-casing from S:',.")! in JS.SO to .So.'Jii in IS'.tO, or ol.ll per cent. 

Part of this increase is undoubtedly due to the fact that in many industries relatively more 
men were employed in IS'.KI and less children, and also to the fact that in ten yeai's many branches 
of industry havi; improved the grades of their ]iroducts, and foi- this reason require more skilled 
and higher-paid employes. After making all ]iossible allowance fo|- these changes, for the more 
thorough enumeration of IS'.IO, and for the advance in ipianlily of manufactured product, we have 
a decided relative increase in the amount paid in wages between IS.SO and IS'.HI. 



2S.1 



II IK CITY OF TRENTON. 



-h'pOO» tioiooAV «^ 



I I 



sss s 



f -f o — 



j-:}iijqsi[(|iul pint :i(iiiuu«i 



(•fiju.miqsn'iwiso R) 



(I<JHK oupi-iBui pint A'jpiino,^ 



(•siu.irai[si|qwisa y) 'Sionp 
-<»jd HP" i«!J3 pii« aupnoiji 



s 



0/ 

'5 









'o 



(•S)u-nuiiwinitrisa i)i) 
•A'joiioii.).>nio3 



^ 




g 


00 















gg2 2 

t-occ^ to 



— p^ w 



o 


^ 


". 


g 















■V e»; -J C-t 



S » 



US 





























O O O lO 



eoo> — 



ill i 


C1U5U5 


»22 a 





s 


ssss 


s 


















*g 


s 











f-sjiK>iuiisii(prisa ifi) 
■spnpojd Xj^uoti pun Xiti.") 



(•siHouinsnqwisa s) 
•auijujo.iop— wupio 



I s)[i.>miis!irptiso 8) 
■suoaw.w pun soHwijanj 























































































SSI 



c? to OO 



^ 


^ 


a 

















800 CO 
CC U5C-» LO 



cjcea 
co<oc<i 



("■Kpi-tuitiKiiqwisa V) 
•j.Mic|ii.i— ttsoq puTt -luniDg 



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ira 



80Q eo OM O 
o o CO c-i o^ lo 



woseooo 



coec — 



b ^r ii 



s — - 






es 



-5 



So •» «C OJ — — 
«- O (K "T lO CO 



cQ o> u?io 

CO' -TOO COM 



SZ 



goo 
oo 

- l-(OCO 



CI « -r o « 

CI us lit 3C — 



ills 
=11 

« a = 
c Si r- 






•- ■ ? i 5 E'^ 1 

Sc > ^ = 5 i "^ 
= & c a = J = 5 



■s s^ 



5; ? 






TlIK CITY OF TltKNTON. 



2sr, 



As to tlir latest i-ctnnis fnv dilails u\' |i()|,ula(i(iii. lln' liiillctilis of tlii' Census Oliicc arc ul' 
interest. In IS'.H), the latest availaMe iiatiunal liiiuivs, the tulal |»i|inlaliun ,,( \\„- citv was .")7,4.")S, 
(if which 14. (US were foreign h'.rn. Of tln' 14,()4S, Canada and Xeununidland I'urnislud IIS, 
Snuth .\nieriea 7 and C'uha and the West indies HI. There were .'!, 600 Irish, 8,S.S2 Kufrlisli ftlus 
very large jicrcentafic due to tile ]iottcry men and women), 427 Scotch, 4S Welsh. Of the 'i'eutons, 
we lind .■!,il74 (iermans, SO Austrians, 2>'> Hollanders, .'17 Swiss. The Si'andinavians were rc|M-esent<'d 
hy 7 Xorwciiians, s;; Swcilcs and 4:1 Danes. Of the Slavonic |ico|iies. tliei-c wia-c 211 Kussians 
0.17 llun.uarians, 1 iioheniian and 21(1 Poles, lai'ucly ironwoi'ki-i's. The ( Ira'cod.atins furnishci] .')!l 
l'"reii(h. .')11 Italians, 1 Sjianiai'd. 1 (Ireek. There were also .'l.'l Chinese. I .hi|ianese, (IS .\fricans, 
4 from .\tlantic islands, 1 civilized Indian, 7 .Vusti'aliaiis and 2 4'urks. The nnndici' of males 
reported in IS'.K) was 2'.l, 11 (J, an<l the numher uf females 2S,;i42, with a tola! white |>o|inl.ition of 
.")•"). 72(1. The nmnhcr of ])ersons of .Vfrican descent w.as l,(ii)7. The |iopu]atioii of Ti-enton imder 
the State census of IS'.I.') is as follows, showini: the pojiulation hy wards, with the increase or 
decrease of ca(4i : 

Wanls. 

First 

Second, ...... 

4'hinl 

iM.nitli 

Fifth 

Si.Kth 

Si'Vcnth, ..... 

Eifihth, 

Nintli 

Tenth 

l':icvcnth 



1 SOS. 


iH n. 


Iiirn-;isi' 


T)ccn'a.s<'. 


4,7;is 


.'1,0711 




;!.".s 


.•1.4oS 


;i,0(i;i 


:i'.i."> 




7,():i(i 


7,;i;ii 




2'.t-". 


r>,()2(i 


r),()M2 




12 


•'),4'.»() 


r,,-,s.-, 




",).") 


•2,'.)w 


2,7!)1 


1(14 




il,SM2 


',),;',s;i 


44'.i 




4,(i;!() 


;!,S02 


S2S 




(1,(14(1 


( 1,12s 


.-.IS 




.■),'.)(1.'! 


;i,'.)4".i 


2.01 1 




(1,S()() 


o,;iis 


1,4S2 





r..tals 



(12, -'.(IS .J7,4.')S 



o.sr.o 



740 



This i> the |Mi|iidation actnally within the cily limits. 4'i-enloii iii;hlfnll\- c.an c laim as pai't of 
her |ieople those resi<lents ilirectly on her hoi'dci', which in( hulcs the followini; : 



Borough of W'ilhui', p(jpidation, 
Cadwaladci- Place. .... 
Part of Ilillciest and \ iiinity, 
Pait of Kwing. .... 

Part of Lawi'ence, . . . . 

lIomed( 11 tract, .... 

Uroad Sti'ci t Pai'k horough and \icinitv. 

Total 



..")()( ) 
2( « ) 
2( H I 

r)00 
•>r>o 

2(M) 



: 1.000 



This woidd make the population of lhecil\- (1.")..'>(1S. This oulhing tci'i'itorv is in facl a pari 
of the city. 

Till' ligurcs show that the thri'c Chamlici-shin-i; waids have a population of I'.I.IO'.'. nearly one- 
third the entile popul.ltioll of till' cit\'. while South of the Orcck o4. 120 of the Jicoplc live. 

4 he folliiwiiig is the complete S(4iool census, li\- w.ards, for the city of Trenton : 

Wards 

First, 

Second, .......... 

Third 

Foiirlh 

Fifth 

Si.xth, 

Seventh, .......... 

Eighth, 



ISM. 


ls;u. 


it:i2 


1,010 


( ■' > 1 


(i.')S 


i,;t2o 


I.IDS 


1,24'.) 


l,|s:; 


1 , 1 2'.l 


1,217 


7(J2 


S2S 


2,7(IS 


2,:57;» 


i,;w7 


i,2;io 



2S(; 



•II IK CITY (IF 'I'liKNToX. 



Wiirds. 

Xintli, . 

Tonth, 

Klcvi'iitli. 



ISOS. 1894. 

1,.">()2 \,:V.n 

i,;i")(; i,-283 

l..")7(5 1,573 



TotMl 



u.i;;;; \\.:v>\ 



111 tlic statistics for manufactures 'rr.iit..n rcportcl in |SiH), SS.") cstalilisiuncnts. witji Sl.'.Ki'-I.Ciiy 
nt' hired |ini|icrty in tin- <-n|iilal invested. The a;i}irej;ate capital was Sl'.t.'JT'^.OlI. The total value 
,,r all the plants was divided into S2.!),SO.S3,S for laud, S3,4()!),r)5-i f<,i- huihnn-s. and s:5, SDS, So;) for 
uiacliinei-v, tools and iniplenieuts. The live assets were .SI, 407, •''>•")! for raw materials, S.'5,()<S'.t,0.';4 
for stock in ]irocess and liuishecl |iroducts on li.and. and S.">.741 .■")()7 foi- ca.--h, l)ills and accounts 
reccivalile and sunih'ies. 

In rent |iaid for leiianev we find SloS.-Jll ; taxes, iueludini;- internal revenue, ?107.r)lS; insur- 
ance, S7-'),4''^''- 'ii"! i'e|iairs on Imildiniis and maihineiw, $',*()4,(((),S, and iiilei-est paid on cash in the 
l.usin.'.ss, .S-2.")().MC,. 

The aveia^'e numher of employes in Ti'eiiton in IS'.IO w;is ll.'.ist. with a total \v.ai;c account of 
•S7,'-MiS,.Si)4. Of the olliccrs, lirm niendiei-s am I clerks ahove sixteen veaisofaLie thia-cwcre 1,001, 
with wa^es a,irj,'rei:atini.' S 1,0-". 1,01 <i. The followini; statistics show the pi-eseiit numliei- of estahli.sh- 
incnts in eaih of the industi'ies mentioned. The liuurcs vai'v somewli.it from those I'eported hy the 
census of IMIO, and are ac'curale in so fai' as the present status of the city is concerned : 

.\t;ri<-ultural implement works.!'; auctioneers,"!; hakci's, oO ; harliei's, SS ; hicycle agents, S ; 
hlacksiiiitlis, 21 ; hookhinders, fi ; hont .and shoe dealers, :'>7 ; hoot and shoe makers, n'.) ■, hrick 
manufacturers, 12 ; hiitchers. 7<> ; candv manufactnici's, o ; carpenters and ImiMers, ;>7 ; carriairc 
huililers, '.) ; ciirar manufacturers. Il'.l; coal ami w odd niei-eh.ants. -'U ; eonfeetionery dealers. •")'.!; 
contractors, 7'-i ; cracker manuf.aeturcrs, 1 ; dressmakers. SO ; dry Lroods. 1(1 ; ilyeinu- estahlishinents, 
.") ; ex|iresses, local, 22 ; fcrtili/er dealci's and m.anufaitui-ei-s. 4; lire-hrick manufacturer, 1 ; Hint 
mills, 2; llorists, 7; llour ami feed merchants, hs ; Hour mills, ."> ; foundries, 5; groccn's, retail, 
2<>2 ; grocers, wholesale, (i ; hardware merchants, !•"> ; harness manufacturers, 1.'! ; ice dealers, U) ; 
insurance com|ianv. 1 ; iron coiiipanies, o ; iron foundries, 7 ; jeweler. luanufacturinL', 1 ; kiln- 
huilders, ;! ; lamp manuiacturers, 2; Chinese laundries, 2."> ; steam laundries, ."> ; wholesale liipior 
dealers. 11 ; li\'erv stahles, 22; lunihir dcalei--. '.) ; machinists, l.'l; marhle yards, 5; nieiihant 
tailor.s, 1'.); milk dealers, 'M : millinery, 21 ; moilelers. •"> ; newsdealers, I'.l ; oilcloth com]ian\-. 1 ; 
opticians, .") ; paintei's. iiouse .and siL:n, '■>'<: ]iap(a' hair manufacturers, o; pa]M'i' hox manufacturer, 
1 ; photoi_'r;i pliers, II ; piano mainilacturer. 1 ; piano tunei's. li ; jilaiiiiiL; mills. S; |iluiuhers, 22; 
pork packei's, 1; pottei'ics, 2".( ; pottei's' supplies. 2: hook ami joh printci's. 10; |i|-oduce dealei's, 
;'>1 ; reiristcrs, cash, 2 ; lailihei- manufacturers, '.I ; roofers. 7 ; sausatre manufacturers, 4 : saw 
factory. 1 ; shipwi-iirht, 1 ; soap works, 1 ; spice mills. 2 ; spring mattress company. 1 ; stair- 
huilder, 1 ; starch, 1 ; stone dealeis. li ; stor.agc wardiousi's. •"> ; taxidermists, 2; tile works, 2; 
tinsmiths, 1-"); nmhi-ella-makcrs, 2; nndertakers. 10; upholstei-crs. 4; veterinarians, 11 ; wall- 
paper dealers, 17; watchniakers and jewelers. 20; well-diggers. 2; wheelwrights. I ; wire cloth 
maiiufacturer, 1 ; wire fence manufacturer, 1 ; wire mills, 2 ; woolen mills. 2. 

Hoarding-houses, 2!l ; hotels and saloons, ■U<() ; i-estauraiits, oS. 

.Vrchitects, l,'!; artists. Hi; hankers and hrokers, ;! ; civil engineers and surveyors, l(i ; deiitist.s, 
2.'!; draughtsmen, I; druggists, Ml) ; electrical engineers, 1 ; engravers, ."> ; insurance and real 
estate agents, 10; lawyers, lOti ; music teacliei-s, 47; nurses, Ki ; physicians, S2. 



Till-: FiNANciAi, CoxnrrioN oi-- Ti!i:xrox. 

The following is an ahstract of the ri'porl of the City Ti-ea>urer of Trenton hn- the fiscal year 
ending Fehruarv 2Stli, IS!)') : 

fh: 

To halance on hand .March 1st, 1S<)4, §20. I IMC, 1 

Kec-eivcr of Taxes — 

Tax of 1S93, S20S. 102 n 

" FS04, ;5(),s,i;m rx; 

ol6,28(J (5? 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 2S7 

Dr]iiii|Vicnt taxes :\iiil assessments, ..... §22.711 (IS 

State :i|i])rojiriatit>n til scIiddIs, 1S'.)4, ..... .S4 2;)() .")2 

State tax (111 e()r|i(iratiiiiis. ....... :!,S,'!;i 77 

l-ie<'lise ',)S..4'.)S CO 

Police Court fines. ... ; . . . . ;!.()22 •'!(> 

District Court costs, ......... 1,;]")'.) ,S1 

Street |icrniit,s, ;-;;>l -,() 

]>uililinL; iierniits, ......... 2.'!2 ^O 

Rfi'ts 72.-, 00 

( )1(1 iiKiterial. .......... 124 T)! 

I'reniiuni on lionils. ........ .•!47 .",() 

Aeeru<'(l interest mi ImiihIs, ....... .",1 o;; 

Surplus Street Coiinnissidiier's a|>|iro|iiia(iMii, . . :y,\ so 

Sale of city lot, 2') 00 

Reliate on Police ( 'ouiniissiou warrant, ..... 7 (>t) 

^Ierc(>r <'ounty election cxiienses, Xovenilier. IS'.M. . . . 7-!l 10 

Lamps on raili'oad crossinii>, ...... 47.S SO 

TriMiton Passenger Railway ( 'ompany, I'oi- sti'ci4 woik, . . (;4 4.-, 

Temporary loans, ........ 20,000 00 

Rcilcmption of Martin Act sales, ...... ;11 1 7'.i 

Pximls issued duriuu' the fiscal year, ..... 21.;.itOOOO 

Ti-mjiorary imjn-ovement <-erlilieates issui'il, .... 10S,7oo 00 

To street assessments, ........ ■")-"),7!t4 14 



Cr. 

I>v ( 'onimis>ioner of tlie Sinkim; i'^und — 

A[ipropriation to loans, IMi.'l, . . . .S4S,.';(ii'i ."i.'I 

'■ •■ 1S'.I4, . . . 44,77o II 

Street assessment coll, ciions, IS'.i;;, . . 7,ol(iS'.i 

" " " 1S'.I4, . . .•;i,421 14 



S1,1.")2,7'.M 07 



«l.'!l,sso t)0 



Interest on lionds — 

Interest on coupon lionds, . . . S4.''), (ill.'! .")() 

" n.jristcred lionds, .... 7,itS0 00 

.'j;!,()7o .-)0 

Interest on tem]iorar\' loans, ...... 5,7SS 3S 

'' '■ " impi'ovenient certilii'atcs, . . . 2S,852 oO 

State school tax, l.SiJ4, 77,10") 12 

Fii'e Commission, ......... (iO, S;!'.) (;.■) 

Police Commission, ........ ()4.!).'M 27 

Park Connnission, ICi.ls.") 2'.l 

Puhlic Schools- 
City approi)riation. IS'.i:! S20,0(io 1)0 

" " ls',14, . . . S,S(;.'> ].", 

State " IS'.i;;, .... ()2,42(; .".-'> 

" " ISDl . . (jS.lOO 00 

l.")!),8i)l 4S 



Lamp.s -'S-'t or, 

Stroot.s — 

Strc'ts, 82S,;!S1 OS 

Scwcr maintenance, ..... 1,0(0 li* 

2'.M.-.1 S7 



Salaries, :{^,!'><^ -!• 

Almshou.se, 'v^-"'7 Pi 

Poor '■'• l"l ^*'> 



288 



TlIK CITY OF TllEXTCJN. 



Bcianl of Health, 

(larKage ami aslii's, ......... 

J'^ltrtions, .......... 

I'liiitiiii,', .......... 

t'ily Hall, 

(.'uiitiiiffi'iit, .......... 

McniT i-ouiity ta.x, IS'.);!, ....... 

I'dlico t'oiiimissiiiii (I'nor), ....... 

" " (.Minsliousc). 

('itizi'n.>^' Uclicf Ciimiiiittec. ....... 

FiiT I)c])ai'tiiu'iit ( extra liosc), ...... 

Excise ('niiiiuissii)ii, ........ 

("niiiniissioners of Ailjustiiieiit, ...... 

.Mmsliouse heatint: a|i|)aratus, ....... 

I*(Mir ( I'dur, .\liiislHi\ise ami I'l-iiitiiiL; Inaii ), . 

.Minsliousc j I'nor, .Minsliouse ami I 'liiilim; loan ). 

i'rintini: " " .... '• . . . 

Monmncnt Scliool Imililint;. No. 17. ..... 

.lolni .\. iJociilinji Sclio<il Imililinii'. No. ID. .... 

'rcmiiorarv loans, ......... 

Tenijiorarv iin|irovi'mcnt cei'tilicatcs. ..... 

Kc(leni]ition of .Martin Act sales, ...... 

Water Department, accrued interest ami |jremium on .s;7">.l'()l) 
loan. .......... 

Warrants issue<l jirior to March 1st. 1S'.)4 

Street improvements, ........ 

."^ewci's aiiil drains. ......... 

llalanci' on iicncral account, ...... 



\\'.\ii:i; l)i:rAi, rMi:.\r. 

Dr. 

To lialancc on hand .March 1st. IS'.ll. ...... 

{'ash received from Treasurer of \\ at'i' I lepnitmiiil. 

Or. 

Wy interest on water honds. ........ 

Balance to the credit of the Water I icpartnient. 

Sriii'i.rs Accor.NT, S.\i.i:s rNiiKi; M \KriN .Vcr. 

Aiiiiiiiiit--< lldif jiir (Jinicrs. 

Received from Ueceivcr of Taxes, ....... 

I'aiil ti]ion redemption of property, ...... 

r.alance on iiand March 1st, 1S!).5, 

.\hstract of till' linancial statement of the city of Trenton. .New .Icrscy. 
year, Fehruary -isth. lS'.).i: 

Ih: 
Bonds to he |iaid hy i.'eneral taxation, ..... 
School l.nildin,ii loans— limit, §.')(),()()(), .... 
School huildini: loans — limit, ?.">(),0()() 



S3,.")nn m 

o.ok; ;!4 

(i,844 3(J 

0,072 44 

;!,7iM; 01 

(),2:i"j 84 

87,134 74 

7()() o7 

()30 !)() 

!,.')( )0 00 

."),400 00 

8, 051 5:5 

s,000 00 

1,74S 00 

l,r,02 57 

|S2 38 

2. nil 28 

.')(){ I 1)11 

501) 00 

20,000 00 

13!), 800 00 

314 7'.) 

7B3 i)2 
13,018 71) 
30,20!) l.S 
<i7, 10(1 37 
.■',5,(i!)7 45 

$1,I5-J,7!I4 07 



Sisi (Ml 
15.0(111 Oil 

S15.4S1 00 

S14,!)37 50 
543 50 

§15,481 00 



81,132 30 
232 07 

§!)00 23 

at the close of the fiscal 



S8!)0.l)(HI (III 

4,500 00 

.30,000 00 



TKK CITY OK THKNTOX. 

ScliiMil liiiildiiiLi: liiaiis — act "f . I line .".(I, Isiio. .... -S'-);!, 000 00 

I'nrk iiii|>i-.>\(iiirnt liians — act of Mardi lllli. iss;;. . . . l;;i ,()!)() ()() 

police |)c|iarliiiciit loan — limit. ^"-'O.niK (, ..... is.(ioi) oi) 

<lciici-al loans — limit. s."i(l.(«((l. ....... |r,, lilil i)() 

I'aiil Mi'c I )c|iai1iiicnt loan. ........ -|."),(ll|() l|() 

t'liamlici^liiii'i: lionds, ........ ."il.(Hll) (10 

><.S| \,^M) 00 

N'olnnlccr lionds. iliic .l.anii.ary 1st. lS'.i-"i. not |ii-i--ciitcd lor |in\'mcnt. 

on which in1c|-c-t has ceased, ...... 2.00(1 00 

I Iclicii my loan hond, dnc M.ay Isl. Is'.ll. not [iicscntcd For |,av- 

mclit. on which intia'cst has ceased, ..... .'lOO 00 

Total hondcd del. I t'l he met hy taxation, , . . . .S'SII.IJOO 00 



280 



CV. 

1!.\- amoinit in the Sinkiir.; Fmid to the credit of the aho\'c loans as 

|-c]iolted li\ the ( 'onnni>sioner. ...... 2o>;. 12"> ')'> 



.Net lionded dc-lit to he met hy lax.ation, 



s")7il, 174 -1." 



Sti!j;(:'c J .\iia;o\K>(i;Ni' Loa.xs. 



A.stiesscil (i|ion tlie city, 

Apses.scd mion ijro|ierty heneiitcd. 



•^l'o.s-JS k; 
170,771 M 

81i)(;.(iOO 00 



Cr. 



Hy amo(nit in tln' Siid^inL; l'"nnd to the (a-edit ol' the aho\.' |(j:iiis a> 

rcjiorted hy 1 1 le ( 'oiimi i;-sionia', ...... 144, 0.").") 0(1 



Net hoiided dcht to he met hy collections IVom as^-cssments, .S">"i,o44 '.M 
Water l)e|)artnicnt loan-. ........ .■*l's;',, .",()() 00 

Cr. 

Hy amount in tlii' Siid<inL: l'"miil to the la'cdil ol' the aho\c loans as 

rc|iorteil hy the ( 'onnnissionia-, ...... IS.",.!!).") 7.S 



Net honded dcht to he met hv e.a rni ii^s IVom t he water Works, .'<100.;!01 -J'i 



Ti:.MCni;Ai;v Si:\\ i:i; Ccirriiic.vrKs. 

Statement sliouiiiL; the total amodiit of cert ilicatcs isstted for the 
ciinstnictioii of scwcrs in the city of Trenton. The |irinci|ial 
on tlicsc ccrtilicatcs is raised hy assessments <jn the |iro|icrly 
iH'ni'litcd, .■<Sl> I , .".(K I 0(1 



l![;l'( NIK.Nci I.UA.NS. 

I>sni>d to refdiid |em|jorai'y im|irovcmenl ccitilicati 
.\mo(nit of cia'tilicat cs not i(4'(indcd. 



. s;;l>."i. loo oo 
I'.u;, 100 00 

•<>!•_' 1 . oOO 00 



2U0 TllK e:lTV OF TUENTON. 



ReCAPITI'LATIuN (»!■■ THK 1 NUKHTKDXKSS dV THK ClTV. 

Amount to credit Nt-t 

Total nniount. in Sliikinu Fund. indobtediicss. 

I'.oiids to lie met l.y taxation. . SS14,()()() 00 82oS.42o .>j 8")7(),174 4o 

I'.oiids for street iiiiproveiiients, IDCi.COO 00 144. O'm Oli r)-2. 544 94 

Cost of sewers and drains. . . ,S21,")()U()() S21. •")()() (10 

I'.onds of Water Departimnt, . 2S;io00 00 IS.",. 111.") 7S 1(I0.;;()4 22 



82,110,200 00 8.')(i."),C)7r. ;i'.t si,. '..')(), .')2:! (il 

T..tal unfunded indelit.'dness S8!)5,81)G 17 

Taxks ami Assi:ss.mi:.\ts rM'Ain ami Dric tiik Ciiv ami Cash in Bank. 

Cash in liank, ireneral aeeonnt. ....... 8-">").()'.i7 l-"i 

.\ni(nnit due and available for taxes. |S'.i4. .... 2li4,7'il (Ct 

Taxes to lie collected from ( 'iininii>sioiHi> c]f .Xdjir-lincut. . . 2o,()0() (10 

Itclicienev, .......... 70,447 li-'! 



Sa!tr),8!t(i 17 
\' All i: o|- ( 'ii ^- I'i;oi'ia; i\'. 

riie followinii: statement will >\ui\\ llic a|i|ii'oxinia(e value of |)i-o|ierties lielontriuL' to the city 

City Hall iiroperty S7'i.0(l(» (Ml 

I'oiiee stations, 47.11(11) ()(» 

Alinsliouse, ;!.->,0()() 00 

Seliool-liouses, 4(i<S,0(l() 00 

Knirine-liouses, .......... 7o,00() ()() 

I'uhlie parks ISO.OOd 00 

Water works 1 , .")(J(J, ()()( ) 00 



82,oSO.OOO 00 



llercwitli is shown an ahstract of the re|io|-t of tlie Commissioner of the Sinkiui; F\md fo|- the 
fiscal year eiidiuL; I'^ehruary 2Stli. is'.i.") : 

The amount of the fund at the date of last re]iort, .Nlareh 1st, 

ISDl, was .?'i'.)2,.')(;2 SI 

There liave heen received dnriiiLT the vear the :i|i|iro|iriations foi- 
ls-,)! 4 1.77". II 

From assessments on street improvements, .... •■!1.12l 1 I 

From surjilus rents of the wat<'r works, ..... .'),000 00 

Interest on securities of the fuiiil 20, i 14 7 00 



S()94,70() ;]'.» 
Redem|iti.in of hon.ls. 12i),030 00 



Leavinir the ]ireseii( amount of the fund. ..... S")(J5,(;7(5 89 

Of which there is invested in securities. ..... lO."), ■")()() 00 

And there is cash in hank I(i0.17(i •".'•) 

The chanires in the securities of the fuml sim-c the last annual report are the followiiiLr : 

BoiKJs matured and canceled — 

V<ilunteer Ixmds, Sl^oOOOO 

Trenton Institute luinds 7,")00 (10 

Delieieney heinds of 1S74, 80,000 00 

Tenijiorary eortilicates redeemed hy City Treasurer, . , (i;),.")0() 00 



§102,300 00 



TIIK CITY OF TKKXToN. 



•>'.)\ 



Bonds Itouglit fi>r imcstniriit — 

Ti'iniiorary (/LTtilicatrs uf ISDl^ 

Till' liiimls rrdiTiiii'il iunl caiici'lcil aiiMiiiiit tn 



-Sli^li.oon (10 



Tlir loans cliariiViiMc ii|»iii llir I'lnnl which will Ikcoiiic iliir witliiii the vcar |.ri..r In Maivh 
st, is; 111. aic : 



May 1st, I'^^ilo. Water loan of l.STo, 

Januarv 1st, ISIJG. \'oluntet.T bonil installment, 



. .Sl(;(),0(lll (10 
1.3,0()() 00 

$17.".,0()0 00 






oiiAi''i'i:u x.\.\i\' 



I'.OOKS liKI.ATlXC 'I'o Till-: IIISToin' oF TltKNTi )X. 




( JiCNKi; Ai. 11 isi'(ii;ii:s — Si'i:ri\i. MdNui.i; Ani< — Tiii': Siii:\i'i:ir Sri iiii;s di' |)i:. Ciiaimi:- C 
Ar.nnTT — Tmi: ri:i\Ti:ii Cii \i;ii:i;s ami I'"ii,'S'1- ( >imiin\mi-;s. 



I'^dA I!I)IX( i llic liistiiry iif tills city, tliosr Imnks :i|i|ii rt.-iiiiiiiLj ilircctly therclo are 
'" llistiiry "f till' I'rcsliytrriau Cliurcli in 'rrriitnii, N. .1., froiii llii- l'"irst Srttlciiii'ut 
nf ill,- 'I'dwii."" liy .liiliii Ihill. l).l). (lS.")i)). Of the many cliuivli histories which 
liavr hrc-ll printed thniUlihout the I'niteil States, this is uiie nf the hesl. .\eelll-n<V 
ami seholarly treatment uf the snhjeet have left this himk cine of the nolilest iimmi- 
iiieiits t" the life uf this ilisliiii;nislieil man. 

■■Histtiry uf tin- City nf 'rreiitoii. New .lersey. iMiihraeinw a Perioij i»f Xearlv 

'Twii lliinilreil ^'eai's." hy -Inhn ( ). liauiii ( IS7I ). Mr. Haiinrs histcirv is the unlv 

(iiie nf a ueiieial iiaturi' treatiiit; nf the city. The \\(irk is es|H'eially iiMt( w iii'lhv in 

the enliipU'teliess (if its rei-nnU nf the ihlin'lies anil (if the lil'e (le| la rt li lent. 

There is alsd a useful illustrated ■■Ilistnry nf iJurliiiiitnn and Mercer (■(iiintics." liy .Majdi' 

]■]. M. Wcidduard and .Idlin I'". llai;'eiiiaii. It was issiie(l al I'hiladeliihia liy l']verts iV I'eck. in 

IS.s;!. fi-diii the press nf .1. !'.. Lippincdll iV ('(imp.-iny. The liistmy nf Treiitdii is jiracticallv 

eliiliraced in that portidii nf the liddk frnni pai;c (Hi I t(i pa,i;'e "-"ili, inclusive. 

'{"lie atteiitidii df the student (if Ideal histurv is especially called Id the '■Jlistdry df St.ite 
Street .Methddist l'",pise(i]ial Church." a pamplilet (if t;reat value, issued .Iniie lltli. Is'^i'i, hy ^ 
cdiiimiltee cdiisistint: df the l!ev. .1. I,. Sd(iy. (leii. .lames l'\ iiusliiiL;. (Icni-uc \\ . M.icpliersdii and 
Ir.i W. W'ddd, l*]s(|uires. 'i'lie "llistdi'vof the 'i'reiitdii .\eadeniy.'' hy the lion. William 1,. |);iy- 
tdu. is df milch interest. This was issueil in INSl. " The ( ieiiealdiiy df Ivirly Settlers in Trentnii 
and l-",winir," 'i'reiitdii. William S. Sharp I'rintinu' Cdiiipany. iss;',, the uriniiial notes heiui;- cul- 
leeled hy the ItiA. l»d(i(ir MM F. Cddley. alithdr df the article dU .Mercer cdunty in Uarher (.^- ll(iwe"s 
•■Historical Cdlleetions," |S||. These IKites were later edited hy I'rof. William S. C'doley. df 
I'liiladcljihia. and .Miss Ilaiinah Codley. of lOwiiii:. X. .1. 'i'liree df .Vdjiilaiit-deiieral William S. 
Stryker's alile mdiidi;raplis deal directly with Treiitdii. "The Old liarraeks'' (ISSf)) ; '' W'a.sjiino;- 
tdli's lleceptidU hy the People of Xew .lersey ill 17^'.!'' (1>>N2). and ■■Treiiloii One lliindi-cd ^■l■a|•s 
a.L'o" ( l>^7>i I. 

The histiiries df the Treiitdii IJaiikiiii.' (■diiipanyand the Sa\ini; I'luid .'^dciety ha\c alsd hecu 
jirinted. Other refereiiee-honks are the puhlicatidlis df the Hoard of Trade, the .short sketches of 
the town in encyclo|ia'(lias. such as the '' riritaniiiea." .loliuson's and .\ppletoiVs '' Lossinu's I'ield- 
IliHik of the .\nierieaii iicxdlutiou." and like sources of information. In the '"Xew Jersey 
.\rcliives." the '' i'roceedinus of the Xew .lersey Historical Society," the ■■ Peniisylvania Maga- 
zine," printed liy the Historical Society of that State, and the i;ciieral hisldries df the State df Xew 
Jersey, such as Smith. .Mulfdi-(1, I'.arlicr t\.- IldWe. liauni. iVe., may he fduud. under prdper indico.'!, 
many alhisidus td the city (if Treiitou. Tlie pamphlets puhlished hy the Hon. Charles C. Haven 
relative to Trenton are of the liiuhest value. The one liest known is "Thirty i)aysiii Xew Jersey 
Xinety \"ears .\i;-d." which is usually printed with the ".\iiiials df Trentdu." The piiems of 
" Cleiiieiiliue " contain allusions to patriotic incidents in this citv. 



'I'lIK CITY OK TltKXTOX. 



2!);! 



Di:. A ni'.iii'i's I'xHiKs. 

Altlmii^li iKii |Hililisli(il ill ■|"iciitiiii, ilic wurks u\' Dr. Cliarli's ('. Alilmit llin,\v miicli li^lii 
il|"iii the |i:ilc'>iit(>lii-\ . .nvli.i'.ilo-y, |luj;i ;iimI faiiii:i cf 'ririil.iii ami its vic-iiiilw 'I'lic lnllii\viiii.r 

titli,- 111' liis 1 ks >li(i\\ llic clalinialr si(i|ii- nl' his \\(iik. ( 'liaiiiiiiii:! v wrillcii. witli passiiiir allii- 

siniis to cnliiiiial ami lux oliil imiaiy liislnry, I >i-. Alilmtt's vuliiims iiavc L;i\i'ii the aiillim- ami 
Tri-iitiiii an iiiliiiialiniial ri|iiilali(iii. ilrsiilc nearly mir luniiliiil niicullcrd-il articlrs uf a strid I v 
trrliniral rliararlcr. |HiMisli(il in Aimaiian ami j'aiulisli scicntilic srrials. lie has |iulilishril as 
sejiarati- \ nhniiis : 

••'riic Sldiic Auc in Xcw .Icrscy.'' in animal iT|iiirt nf Sniilhsniiian Institutinn. W'ashinirtoii, 
D. ('.. 1^7"i: •■ I'liniilivc Imlu-lry, .>r I lliisliati..iis n\' the I lamliw uik in Siduc, Imhic ami Clay of 
the Xati\r Haccs iif llic ,Xi i|-|liiTn Atlanlir Scal>ii:i|-il nf Aim'i'ica," Sali-iii. Mass., (iiMU-Lii A. Hates 
ISM ; "A Nalnralist's Uanilili- .Mmut llniiir." Xi\\ ^'mk, 1 >. Aiiplitmi A" ('iini|.aiiv. 1. ;'. and "i 
IJiiliil stri'i't, ISSI; " I'lilanil ami .Mcailnw, a l'nai|i|iiissiiii;'s Cliiuniclr," Xi-w \n[k. jlai|i(i- A- 
1 '.nil I MI'S, k'lanklin Si|iiai-c. issc,; ■■ Wast,-|,aiii| Wamh rin,;i:s," Xi'W \i<\k. llar|Mr A- I'.iullii-rs, 
I'ranklin Sipiarc ; .Ldniloii. '-'A) IHcct stifit. INST; --naysilnl of liiKirs." .Xcw y>n-k. 1). ,\|i|ilctiin 
A- Ciiiiiiiany. ISS',); "Onlin^zs a1 OiM 'riims." New ^'(ll■k, I ). .\|ijilrliin A ( ■(uniianw IS'.llI: 
■■Htcrnl .Vrchanliiuical l*'\|iliiratiuiis in ilir \'allcy of the I »rla\vai-c," I'niv ( rsil v nf l'ciiiis\lvaiiia 
,\.lTlia'(il"L:ii-;il ;inil I'hiloluLiiial .Mi niuLii-a |ihs. (nnii A ('i)in|ian\-, llnshni. .\fass., IS'.l-J; ■'Krccnt 

liaiiililcs. nr In 'I'miih with Xatiiic." riiilaili'l|iliia. .1. I!. Li]i|iiiiriitt A (' |ian\-. IS'.ll' : ■•Travels 

ilia 'riTt-Tiiii," I'liila(lrl|iliia, .1. I'.. Lipiiimntt A ('iini|iany, 7l'i. 717 .Market street. 1S'.I4 : ■■The 
Jlinls Ahiiiit I's." I'liilailelphia, .1. I'.. I,i|i|iimntt A ( 'iiin|iaiiy, 71"). 717 .Market strei't, l.S'.M ; ■■A 
Cdldiiial Wiiiiiiiu," I'liilailelphia, .1. I'.. I.ippimntt A Ciiiiipany, 71-'>, 717 .Market street, IS'.I.'). 



Tin: l'i:i\ ricii ('ir.\i;'ri:i!s .\.\n l'"ii;s|- ( )i:ni.\.\.\riv;<. 



lieiiarilinu' (he eity charters ami e:iily iiiilinanees. it iii.iy he saiil that mi Xii\ (inhia- l.'itli. 17'.i^_', 
there was ]iasseil ".Vli aet tn imuipi irate a part uf the lnwiisliip nf Treiitnn, in the euinitx' nf llini- 
terilon."' 'I'lie eharter, acts ami ordinaiiees later in furce were piinted liy Sliernian. .Mirshiui A 
Thiinias, ]irinters tn the eity, 17'-l'.l, hy nrder nf Ciiinimiii Cuniieil. In ls| |, the acts ,-11111 nrdi- 
naiices of the city nf Trenton, tn wllieh wire piefLXed the aets nf the l,et;islalni'i' nf Iheeitw were 
pulilislied liy order nf ( 'oinninii ( 'niineil. ()ii .March 7tli, 1S.".7. there was passed •■.\iiact tn iiicor- 
jiorate the city of Trenton," lepealiiiL: the aet of 17'-'l'. This charier and tin- nrdinances of Cniiinion 
Cnuni'il ami iicts of the Lcn'islature relati\'c to the city were revised hy.Ianics JMvin.L;'. ICsipiirc 'I'hev 
Were printed hy I'liillipsA Hoswell, Trenton, ISf^j. In 1,S47, the nrdinances of Coninion Cnnncil, 
paused since JSlii, and the acts nf the LeL:islatiire relative tn the city, ]iassed sime 1S|(). were 
printeil liy riiillips A' lioswcll. In IS-^ii. I'hillipsA l!os\vcll piilili^hed the nrdinances nf Cnnininn 
Cnliiicil, passed since ^hly ■Jotli. 1^17, and the acts nf the l.cLiislatiirc relali\e In the city snliseipient 
tn the same jicrind. March l-'illi. ISCri. ■'An act tn rc\is|. and ainend the charier ni the city of 
Trenton" repealed the charter of l.S:!7. This later charter was printed hv the •'True .Vineriean" 
in ISCC. 

Ihi March I'.llh, |S71, the present city charter, inider the IcLiislati ve title ■■.Vii a<-t to provide 
for the more ellicieiit ,t;nvcriimeiit nf the city nf Trciitmi," was passed. In |s7o, this cjiarler and 
tlie supplements therein and the ordinances then in forci' were ordered printed hy Coninioii Coiineil, 
r]inii the lirst nf .lanuary. IS'^'.I. the linn, (iairet |). W. N'rnnm and e.\-.lmli;c William M. l.annin;: 
]irepared a well-edited volunie under direction of ( 'ominnii ( 'nnncil. It contains, heside valuahle 
lii.storie;d matter, the charter of l.'^7l and its supplements, the revised and consoli<lated "Ordinance 
concernin;f the t^eneral niiniicipal olliceis of the eily of Trenton'' (Oelolier lllth, IS.S.S), .special 
ordinaiiees, huvs and onlinaiiccs relatiiiL: to water wnrks, laws and nnliiiaiiees relating; tn selmuls, 
the ordinanee estaMishinj; the local IJoard of Health, the sanitary code and the acts and ordin.-mces 
relating: to the excise deiiartineiit. Since ISSi), the ordinaiiees of the city have not heeii enmpilecl 
ill hook form. 



CIIAl'l'KU XXXV 




INlKoltli TIoN TO CKNKIIAL l;l(>( ;|!.\ I'll I KS. 

iSiiiiKi- Skktchks III' I'liK .Mi:n wim h.wk i;kkn I'i;u.mim;.\ii,v I iii;.\iiiikii uiiii rin.; I'iimmiokiiai, 

AMI ScHiAi. (ii.'dwni AMI l'i:ci(;i!i:ss uy Tuv.STifs. 



^f V A 'ri!A\' I'll.l';!!, staiiiliiiir ii|"in a un-it hriulit. uxi'i'lciiik,-. tlic^ cfiilnil xallry nl' the 

1 )cla\varr and sees a iircat city |uilsatiiiu- witli activity, his iirst sensiitidii wimld he 

tiiat of ]inif<mn(l wnnclcf — aiiiazcil that IVinii su hmiihh' a liciriniiiii^' Tiviitoii slioulil 

' SJ have ":i'"\vii sii urcat ami iiiuilriit. ^'(■t, all tliis iiiarvcldiis (Icvclniiiiu'iit is nut hv 

j\c,>— -c-.ji chance; im race nf "iants, in a sinulc ni:;ht, ci'catcil sci iilcasinu' a iirnsiicct. This 

*■■-'' .v ■■■■iitfali/.atiiiii cif ctt'nrt — nur nuniiciiiality — a ca|iital of cciiiKiiuic ami sucia] as \\-cIl 

^ as (if ]iulitical crcatidn. is the snlc rcsnlt of imlividiial liToi't. Kach citizen, however 

t lnnnhle oi- howevi'r [ironnnent, has a share in this U|iliui]iliiii; |irocess. Without 

the individual the city i iniM not liavi> existed. 

With ]i.'vrticldarity. we ha\i' discussed the det.ails of the vast sti'Ueture of the 
iHuniei|ialit V ; let ns now consider the .architects and those who have Imih this fair edifice. Here, 
tlien, are alitohiojiraphical nieiitioninirs of niiai of Trenton. Here are the records of the individual, 
his education and its results, the story of the fullillnient of aims and aniliitions. .Mayha]). there 
are allusions t<i the st<iek whence he came, so that the student of the science of man can trace in 
the story of suece.sses of individuals the elianents of prenatal iulluenee and environnu'nt. Most 
littintrly this story of tlic concrete eom|iletes the i-eeord of the ahstract. and gives the touch of 
human nattu'e to those material, yet inanimate, evidences of Trenton's |iroirreP?. 

l'",MoliV N. ^'ai;ii. present Maym- of Trenton, is a native of this cily. Iii~ father, .losepli li. 
^'ard. hnilt IIh lii-t I w i . Kriek houses el-eeted on Ten V street east of MontL;omel'\' street, and it was 

in one of these that Mayor ^'al'd was Imrn on .May 
ISlh, 1S17. lie was educated at the puhlic schools 
and ,at the Trenton .\c.ideiii\-. I.eavini: school at the 
aui' of se\'cnteen, he Went to Weiivci-. Coloi-ado, where 
he was fo|- two years connected with the tohai-co lirm 
of H. .1. jlrendlinticr i^- Company. Thi' ue.xt threi? 
years of Ml'. ^'ard"s life were spent on the plains, 
lietween 'j'cxas and California, drixiuLT cattli' for 
Wolfskil iV .Maclleary, a California hrm of di'overs. 
M:i\oi' ^'arll traveled that wild country nine times in 
the saddle, necessarily sulfcriuL;' mmii prixatioii and 
hardship. Tii'ini;' of fi'ontiei' life, lie returned to Tren- 
ton, hut after a shoi't stay returned \\'e>t. lie lueated 
in Cliicai;o. and sceiu'ed a |iosition with the Chicago 
Lumliering Company. I'"or two years he was in the 
lumher region of northwestern Michigan. Since then 
he has resided continuously in Trenton, and has heen 
active in its eoniniereial and political life. In politics, 
.. ,. Mr. Yard has always boon a stiiuuch Reiiuliliiau. He 




THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



20' 



liap scrvfil Mil thr City Kxrcutivr Cnniniitti'r miil nlsd mi tlir Mrrm- ('(uinty Exccutivr Ciiiiiiiiittcc. 
Ho was fivf years on the city iicilice torrc ami al'ttTwanl liavrlrd fur the New Jersfv Pottcrv Conipaiiv. 
In ISSl. lie was a])])()into(l Dcjmty M'anlen of ^iFi'ivcr coniity, mtvIiil' in tliis fa]iaritv three vears. 

He then lieranie assoeiateil with his lalher in tlie inaniil'aeture of ii railiiitis niitil April 11th. 

1SS'.), uhrii he was a]iiiointeil Deputy I 'niled States Marshal hy lion. W. IJudil Deacon. In ISIK!. 
Mr. \av'\ \\a< re-apjiointed hy the ]iivseiil I tciin i.ratie Marslial, Hon. (leoru'e i'tVilTer. .Ir. hi IS'.)."), 
Mr. Yard was iioniinated as the Kepiihlicin .Mayoralty camliilate, and was elected hv thi' hand-oinc 
majority of two thousand two hundred and lifty-fijur \-ole<. His wide and xarii'd i'.\|jcrieiiee 
eminently fits liim foi- the n^ponsihle |io.-itioii, .ind the cili/.eii> nf Ticnton are to !»■ congratulated 
that their uiiiiiicipal allaii> are diieelid hy such an ahh'. conservative and reliahie man. Mr. \:\v>l 
was a niemher of the Common Council of the horoiii;h of ( haiiihcr-hur'.: foi- two vears, havini: a seat 
in that hody when the l)orou,i;h was annexed to the eity of Trenton. .\t the next election he was 
elected to represent his ward (Ninth) in the <ity Common ('oinicil, and M'lxecl fdi- three years, 
declining a re-election. On account of his pr.-ictical experinice in Ihi' police de])artiuent, he was 
given the Chairnianshii) of the Police Committee of tlu' Council. This committee caused the new 
I'olii-e Station to he huilt, thus removing the depailnii'ut from the Cily Hall: thev also succee<|rd 
in having the poli<'e ilepartuient taken out of pdlities. .Mi-. Yard was mari-ied Decendier jstji. 
l.S7'2, to Rehecca .\.. ilaugliter of ( )tis ( hi ll in, of this eity. They have had thive daughters, all of 
whom are living — .Mary E.. wife of Frederick I!. Piles; lOlvmita \l. and .Mahel ,\. 



^\'ll.I.I.\M S. Y.VKii was horn in Tn-nton, Novemhcr I'd, is-j:;. He was sent to the comnion 
schools of the city until he was fourteen years of age. wlcii he entered the groeerv stori' of j'^aii 
Evans. After serving as v\vvk in this store- for three years he hecanie apprenticed to the hlack- 
smithing trade, and served four years. For twelve vears he car- 
ried on the blaeksmithing, eafriage-niaking and iron-railing ^ "' 
htisiness in connection with his hrother, .loseph P. '^'ard, who is 
now the sole jiropi-ictor of the husiness. In 1S,")7 he w.is elected 
Superintendent of the Puhlic Schools of the eitv, and served as 
Trustee and Sii]ierintendent for se\enteen yeai-s. He was eli'ctcd 
to the lower hranch of the State Legislature in 1S(;() on |li,' 
Hemociatic ticket, from the Second distriit. lie was .iL;ain a 
meliiher of the Legislature ill 1.^77. In ISHo he was made .liidge 
of the Court of Coninion Pleas of .Mciccr Coinilv. and lielil the 
l)osition live years. He was again appointed .liidge liv Co\criior 
jreClellan in 1S7S, and has heeii continued in that po>itioii until 
the present. -lud.sre Yard has Ipccii ac(i\-e in many iiioxc- 
nient that looked to the advancement of his native city. His 
name is promiinaitly conuccti'd with m.any hiaievoleiit aii<l 
charitahle institutions which lia\e heeii started here within the last 
forty years. He was one of the incorpor.itors of the i;ivei'\iew 
Ccineferv Association, and is the only sur\i\dr. lie was also one 

of the ineor|iorators of the Ocean Peach .\ssociation. and has held the ollicc of President since 
1872. He is a charter mcmher of the Trenton Pattle .Monument .\ssociation, charter dated Mav 
7th, 1S,S4, and also a nieinher of .Mia'ccr iio>pital .\ssociatioii. When a voting man lie joined the 
(ireene Street Methodist Episeo]ial Church of Trenton. .\t that time it was the only .Methoilist 
ehiu'ch in the city. He soon connected himself with the Sunday-school, anil has continued his 
connection as teacher, Treasurer, Superintcndcnl and Snperinteiident of Pihle class departmenl to 
the present time. He was appointed class Icailer in IS|7, and is still continued in that olliee. He 
has also heeii one of the Trii-tees of Pennington Seminary for over twenty yiars. (In March 
27th, 1S4."), he married Mary .M.. daui:liler of Samuel Hamilton, of Lancaster. Pa. They have live 
eliililren — .Mary E., Caroline .\'.. W'illi.im II. , .lane !•". and (leoige P. .Itidge^'ard resides at No. 
P]2 l'"ast I laiiover street, where he has lived foi- many years. He is very much iiiteresleil in the 
early histoi-y of Trenton, and has done mueh to preserve the rccorils of its settlement and 
devolopnient. 




Willi \m s ^' mju. 



2!t0 



THE CITY OF TItKXTON. 



(lKi)ii(;K T. Ckanmkk was Korn at l>anii't;at, Ocraii cnuiily. New Jersey, Deceiiilier (illi, 1.S4S, 
ami is (lie son of Cajitain (ieort'e ami Cliailotte S. (Collins) Cranmer. His raiiiily is of KriL;lisli 
oi-itrin ami settled at Little EiTfr Jlarlior in the early )iart of the year 1700. Cajitain Crainiier ilyiiiL; 
at the aL'e of twentv-six. the res|ionsihility of (ieorjje T. Craniiier's trainimj; fell to his nnither, who 

(levoteil all her elTorts toward seeurinir foi- liini the ad\anlai;'es of a li 1 I'diieatioii. After availintr 

himself of the facilities alToi'ded in his native villa.t;-e, he I'ntered Penniniiton Seminary in his four- 
teenth vear an<l remained there until his sixteenth. lie then entereil thr eoinitini;-roiim of a lame 
uieirautile estalilishnient at Eatont<i\vn, New -lersey. wlieie he remained aliout livi' years. He residi'd 
in Trenton from 1.S71 to l.S7(>, and then n.'turned to his native villa.ij,i'. In 1.S7.S ,Mr. Cranmer was the 
l!e|iuMi<'an candidate for nuMuher of Assenihly from Ocean county, hut was defeated hy cx-Cnited 
States Senator Kufus lUodirctt. In Sept em her. 1N7'-I. he was a]i|Miinted hy I'l'esident 1 laye-, Colli 'ct or 
of Cu.stoms for the District of Little 1vl;<;' Ilarhor. which oilice he rcsiuiied .luly 1st. ISM). In 1.S.S2 he 
was elected a meml)cr of the .\sscmhly. He was. in iss;',. unanimousl\- nonunated for Senator, and 
afti'r an excitin.ij; contest, was elected. He was i-c-elc'di'd Senator in ISSC, and a.uain in ISSO. 
Senator Cranmer was prominent in the jiroceedinus of the Cpper House, scrvinj.' upon tlie most im- 
portant committees of that hody. For four ycai's he was Chairman of the Senate Kepuhlican 
caucus and of the joint Itcpuliliean cau<-ns. In the session of ISX'.I, he was nnaniniously iiomi- 
nateil hv till' Ucpuhlican caucus for I'le^ident of the Scnati'. His term expired in .lanuaiT, IS'.).",, 
after a continuous service of one year in the House of .\ssemlily an<l nine yeai's in the Situate. He 
was an .MtciMiate 1 )cleuate-at-Lar,i;e to the National iiepuMicau Convention at ( liicaLTo in INSS. ami 
also to the .MinneaiHilis C<iuvention in ISDii. Ha\inu a taste for military alTairs, he liecame a mem- 
her of Companv .\, Seventh Ue^imenf, X. (1. X. .1.. at Ti'cnton. March !7th, lS7o, and on Aui^nst 
Dth. 1S7'"), was appointed (^uai-lei-masler of tln' i'ei;'iment, whieh pn-i(iou he <till hoMs. He has 
hcen a prouiiiu lit meiidier of the ( )i-der of the Kniiihts of i'yllii.i<. and sci'veil ;is < li'aud Chancellor 
of the State for the year endinu in I'diruary, IS'.).'). He was appointed Clerk of the Cnited States 
District Court in Jaiuiarv, IS'.).",, to succeed Liusly l!owe, Ilsiiuire. n'sii;iied. He was niari'ie<l 
ApriMlth, IS'.I.",. to Taeie Mai--ai-et Conrad, dan-liter of Wilkinson (i. and Maiilia C. Conrad, of 
Barnc'iat, Xew Jersev. 



W'li.i.iwi S. S-ri;'iKi:i;, New .lersev's historian of tin' .\meiiiaii Ivcvolution, was horn in Trenton. 
June (ith, ls:;s. His earlv eilneation was ohtained at the Trenton .\cademy. The Sti-yker I'anuly 

left llollaiiil ill 1C).")2. and settled in New .\iii>terdaiii. where, in 
the eojiiuial alTaii> of earh' New ^'olk. IIm- name hccanie ]'l'"ini- 
ueiit. < ieiieral Stryker uradiiateil from the ( 'oIIclic of Xew .lersey 
in the Class of 'oS. He immediately coiiimeiu-ed the stLidy of 
law. eiiterinf;' the olliee of the late ISarkcr Cuinmcre, at Trenton. 
In response to the lirst call for troops. William S, Stryker enlisted 
as a |irivate. .\pril Kith. IMJI. \\r assisteil in oii^-.iniziiiL;' the 
I'^oiirteeiith Ucuiuicnt. .New .Jersey \'olunteers. In l-"chruary, 
isr,;',. he was ordered to llilloii Head. South Carolina, and made 
Majiu- and .\ide-di-Caiiip to .Major-i leinral <iilliiiore. then in 
coiiimaml of the Tenth .\riiiy Corps. He ]iarticipated in tlu' 
laptnrc of Morris Island and tlie hjooily uiuht attack on Fort 
Wauner. Snhseiineiitly he was tr.uisferreil to the North, on ac- 
count of illness, and plai-eil in charire of the )iay deiiartinent, 
riiilid Stales arinv. at I'aiole Camp. Colmuhus. Ohio. In 
ISHC ( leiieial Stryker w:is made eoniiselor-at-law of the State of 
()hio. He was liiexclled Lieutenant-Colonel for meritorious ser- 
vii'cs duriuL!- the war, and resiiiued in .lune. ISIK!. Soon there- 
after he returned to New .lersey and was [ilaced on the military stall' of the (eiveriior. Since .\pril 
LJth, IS(;7, hc' has Keen Adjutant-( lenenil of New .lersey. In Fchrnary, 1S71, he was hrevetted 
Major-Ceiiend hy the State of Xew Jersey. I n the linaucial life of Trenton (ieiieral Stryker has 
acted as I'resident of the Savint; Fund Society, and of the Tri'iiton liankini:- Company. To him 
Xew Jersey is iiidehted for some of the most com]irehensive monojrraphs which have yet heen issuetl 
in this country. From information drawn from his lihrarv, rich in Americana and from the State 




W I I l.l \M S .StH\ Kl- It 




Hun. (ii:iiiEiiK T. Ci:.\n \i i:ii. 



THE CTTY OF TRENTON. 



297 



arcliivcs, (icncral Sti-ykri- has (•(iniiiilrd a " l!ci.'ist<T <>f Ollirn-s and Men i)f New Jrrsrv in tlio 
lii/vdlution " (Tivnton, 1S72), the initial wurk (if its i<inil in Anicriia, and a ■■lin-m-d cil' Olliccrs 
and Mm of New Jersey in the Civil War" ( ISTd), as well as the fulldwin!; histurieid stndies : -'The 
lii'ad Cimtroversy," "Trentdn ( >ne lltnidred Years Aiio,'' ■•New .lersi'V ( 'unlineiital Line in the 
N'irjiinia Cani]iai<,ni of IT^Sl," "The I'rinicton Sur|ii'ise," " Washiniitun's i;eee|ition hv the I'eopie 
of New Jersey in IT^'^lt." " Tlie Cajitm-eof the llloek House at 'I'onis i;i\-er. New .liisev," •• New- 
Jersey Continental Line in the Indian Cani|iaimi of 177'.t,"' -'Old I'.arrai'ks at 'i'l'iailoii. New Jersev," 
"The New Jersey \'olunteers — I.oyalists." (Iiaii'ial Strykei- has now in tin' |irr-- a n.iialile wurk, 
dealing with the Ijattle of Trenton, which will he the most eoin|ilele work of its kiml in this eoinitrw 

Joiix Tayi.ok was liorn in Hamilton S(|nare. New Jersey, on ( )etoher tUh, is;'.ii. His father 
died when ^Ir. Taylor was fourteen years old, leaving;- only a lei;ai'y of strnt;-ule foi' the family. 
Intil he was seventeen Mr. Taylor reniain<Ml in a hriekvai'il, when he seeui'ed a position as 
clerk in a retail grocery. Two years later he was given an intei-est in the husiiiess. Mr. Tavlor 
continued this connection for a year, when he associated him-eif w iih Mr. .Linns lionan in the 
i-etail grocci'y husiness. This |iartncrshi|) lasted tw(j vears, when Mi-. Ta\loi' |iurcliased .Mi-. 
lionan's interest. Tn ISCO he allied himself witli the lanl». I'. 
l'"orst. The firm continued jirosperously until 1S7l'. when .Mi'. 
Taylor sold out to engage in the ])ork-|iaeking and cattle husiness 
on an extensive si'ale. This he condneti'd with varying sueee,-s 
for fifteen years. He is now at tie.' head of the Taylor l'r(j\-isioM 
Coni|iany. In all ]iuh]ic eiitcrjirises lie has hecn a leading factor. 
Associated with li. P. Forst and Ferdinand W. llochling he huill 
the City Market. hi ]S(i(i ;Mr. Taylor organized the Tienton 
Hall an<l Building Assoi'iation, for the erection of an o]icradioUse 
and assenihly-roonis. Mr. Taylor has ever since hecn I'i'esident 
of the association. He orgaiuzcd, on tlie stage of the theater, 
'i'renton's Board of Trade, and was elccti'd its lirst \'ice I'resident. 
Conijiany A, Seventh Regiment, National (liiai-d of New .lerscy. 
also owes its existence to his efforts. In.lmie, isss, a mi'eting 
of w<'ll-known hnsiness men was called hy .Mi'. Taylor at the 
Statt' Street House, ami he laid hefoi'c them :\ |iro|iosition to 
organize an inter-state fair association. Within t\\o wei'ks after- 
ward a capital of ?.'>( I. ( l( )( ) was snhscrihcd for the ohjrei. Mr. 
'i'aylor, as a Reinililican, has served several terms in the City Council, wdiere for three years lie was 
Chairman of the Finance Committee. After a yeai- of o|i|)osition lie secureil the' removal of the 
market from the center of llroad street. He was cleeteil to the State Senate from Mercer county in 
].S!SO, served thi'ee vears and declined a rcnomination. In ISS.". he was urged hy his party leaders 
to hecome a lamlidate for (loN'ei'uor. hut on the eve of the gulierii.'itoiaal nominating convention he 
concluded not to allow liis name to come hcl'ore the eomi'iition. though sn|i|ioiti'd hy the .Mercer 
county delegation. Witliout any agcni'y of his own, .Mr. Taylor was made the Chairman of the con- 
vention. At the State He])uhlican Convention in ISSl, to form an electoral ticket in the Illaine cam- 
paign, Mr. Taylor was honored hy heing made a Senatorial i'llcctor, oi- l'",lector-at-Largc. He is one 
of the mcnihers of the Trenton I'.attle Monument Associatior.. .\t one time he had the controlling 
interest in the Fnion Pottery Coni]iany, and was a Director of the I'irst National P>ank and of tlie 
People's I'^lectric Light Company. In L^dll he married Catherine Powley, of Trenton. New .lerscy. 
He has two sons, ILirry C. and William 'l\, hoth of whom arc associated with him in husiness. 
Harry C. Taylor is also tlie .Manager of Taylor ()])era House. 




UN 'I'ayi.ok. 



TiioM.\s S. Cir wii'.Kiis was horn in Lawrence township in \X'y2. He is the youngest son of 
John S. Chamhers ami iMuma Maria Fish. His paternal ancestors were Scotch-Irish, liaviiig come 
from till' county of .\ntrim. and settled in Trenton in the year 17-!'.'. His malcriial ancestors 
were of English origin, of the county of Kent. in the year 1(;:!7 they landed at Lynn, Massacliu- 

setts. Thence, in lf'>:'.'.l. they re ved to Newtown, Long IslaiKL where they were proniinenl in its 

settlement. Tliev thin emigratol to New Jersey, where they purchased lanri in Trenton township. 



298 



THE (ITV OF TRENTON. 



now Ewiiifi tn\vnslii|i, in 17-10. Coloiu'l CIkuiiIk'I-s was cilncated at the Trt-nton Academy, 
uikUt Mr. (li'orgc S. (Iroswimr. Ipuu Icaviiiir that institution he cntcnMl the (•ni])loy of the 

Trrnton (ins r.iulit ('iini|ianv. in .laniiarv. 1^70. lie is 
to-day Secretary of tlie conijiany. He is a Itepuhlican, 
and has always hccn ]ironiinent in party cleliherations. 
^^I^M^^. ileisa nieinlicr of tlie ^[ercer County l!(|iuhlican K\- 

^^HBj^^B^ ri'utive Coiniinttec, and lias for several years Idled the 

wf \ position of Secretary. Tie was one of the orfranizers of 

-^' ' llie llipulilii an ( 'lull. and. suceeediiiLr ( 'oloin-l Skiriu as 

it- President, held that ollicc for three years. In the 
\car ISSi) he was elected a nielnher of the Leilislature. 
and touk an active pail in its session. In l.^S2 he was 
appointed liv Mayoi- \'rooin a inend>er of the City 
i'liiaid of 1 Icnlth. anil li:i- lieeli several times re-ap])ointed 
upon tic expiration of his term. lie is now tlie senior 
uiimlier of the hoard. Ilavini;- a taste for military 
alTairs. he cidisted in Company .\. Seventh I'euimcnt, 
National Cuaril. March ITlh. 1 >^7-">. and >er\cd as a 
private until .March ■J>tli, I^7>^. when he was elcetc(l 
Second Lieutenant. On I'ehiunry IStli. l.^Sf). (ieneral 
Scwcll appoinleil him an .\ide-dc-Camp on his start', 
with tlic rank of Captain, and on .lune •"inth. ISSl. 
pruiiioleil him to Lieutenant-Colonel and .^s^istant 
.\djntaut-( ieneral of the Second liriiiade, which posi- 
tion he now holds. Colonel Chamhcrs is one of the Directors of tlic Trenton IJankinir t'om- 
pany, wdicre his husiness experience has hccn of much value to that reliahle institution. He is a 
mcndicr of the Trenton I'.attle Monument .Vssoeiatioii, ha\im; scrvecl mi the I'.uildiui.' Coiimiittee. 
He was Chairman of the Committee of .Vrran.neuu'uts on the layin.ti- of the corner-stone, and also 
was a nicniiier of the Hedication Committee. He was one of ihe comnuttee to secure ajijiropria- 
tiipiis from the oriLiinal thirteen States, and as such secured linancial aid from the Lciiislatures of 
Connecticut and I'emisylvania. He has iiccn Treasmia- of the l"'irst I'rcshytcrian Church for the 
past ten years, a position which his jireat-iireat-ijrandfatlier Chamhers lield for a ])erio(l df thirty years. 




Thomas s. C'h\mi!K1es. 



Be5.i.\MIN' Fish, who died -Itmc 2"2d. T^^!". was for many vcars one of Treuton"s most noted 
citi/ens. Stroni; morally and ]ihysically, there arc few li\cs ahoiit whi<-h more of local reininis- 
eenee clinjis or which were lonu'cr or more closely idcutilicd with the history ami prosperity of 
Trenton. His paternal ancestor came from lui.uland and settled at Lynn. Massachusetts, in 1(>.">7. 
The Fish family are helieved to he a hrauch of the old Saxon family of Fiscli, Tlic ufandfather of 
our suhject, who also horc the name IScnjamin, settled in Ti-eutou town-hip (now Ewing), New 
.ha'sey, ahout 174-"). ISenjamin Fish, the suhject of this sketch, was horn N'ovendier l.")th, 1785, in 
I'.wintr townshi]). ahout live miles from tlie city of Ticiitou. His education was olitained at the 
district school in that ncitihhorliood. He came to Tfeiiton in ISOS, when the city contained only 
thirteen Inmilred inliahitants. I'or a time In- was enua^ed in the hotel and livery stahlc husiness. 
,\t the eomineiieenient of the War of 1S12 he estahlished a line of vessels hetween Bloonislun-y 
(mow Soutli Trenton) and I'hiladelphia. These were desiLTued for the trans|iortation of general 
inercliandise for tin- iiul>lic. When the British held iiossession of Sandy Hook, therehy l)loekadin.iz 
the entrance to New York liarhor, ■Sir. Fish reiidereil most valuahle assistance to the I'niteil States 
(lovcrnincnt in transportinir coinmissarv and ordnance stores hy the New .h'rsey overland route. 
He emjiloyed forty hu<;'e Concstoga wagons, each drawn liy four horses, in conveying heavy cannon 
and other material from his hoat-landing to New Brunsw ick. where they were again loaded on hoats 
anil slii|)pcd via the Karitan and Hudson rivers to the rnited States troops in northern New York. 
At the close of the war he l)ceame interested with the late (ieorge S. Crecu in the hmiher husiness, 
eontintiing this interc'st until three years hefore his death. In l-'^'io .Mr. I'ish hecame ])artnerand 
one of the managers of the I'liion Line Stagi' and Steamhoat Company, the other ])artners being 
•John. Uohert L. and Edwin .V. Stevens. This line carried all the mail, ]iassengcrs and merchail- 




iiKNJA.M tS h'ly^M 



THE CITY (^F TRKXTOX. 



■29!) 



disc tliat uri-i' traiis|i(.rtc(l l>i't\v<'cii l'liila(lcl|iliia aii.l Xcu \nvk until tlir Cniiiilcii and Aiiilniy rail- 
mail was luiill. Mr. Fi-h was a 1 )ii-oi-t(ir nf tlic^ laltii- < i|jaiiy rmiii its nri;ani/.ati(in in FsMO until 

thr time uf his (l,M-casr. lie was oil.' 1)1' the nriuinal stucklmMci-s in tlir Oi-lauarc and Uaritan 
Canal Cianpany. a Manaiicr of tlir Trcntnn Saving; Fund Snriity Irmii .hnie 14tli, 1X47, a I)ircrt(ir 
iif the TrcntdU I'.ankin;:- C(ini]iany. (iri;aiii/i'i- and Diivctm- ol' tlic i'liiladrlpliia FiTrv Cunipanv. 
President iif the Mnvliants Transportation Company, iirojntor .-nid I'lvsidcait of tlie Trenton Dela- 
ware r>rid,i;e Company, liesidi^.s holiHn.^- prondiunt oHiees in many other larye State corporations. 
He attended the I'^irst I'reshyterian Cliureh. when- he was an aeti\e Trustee for liftv-live vears. 
serving;- ahout twenty-li\i' eonseeutive years as l'|-esident of the lioai'd. Mr. Fish dic-d suddenlv in 
Trenton, in the ninety-tiftli year of his aL;e. ( )ne child only sur\ i\-ed him. a dautrlitcr Eniuia 
Maria, wife of .lolm S. Clianihcrs. Ksi|uire, Ceucral Mauaucr (jf the Trcutcju Cas Liuht ComiKUiv. 



.Tami:s \\". Lanmn(; was liorn in Trenton. New Jersey, .Imie 2;!il, IS.jo, and has ever sinic 
lived in Trenton or in this immediate \icinity. His cai-h- adxantau'cs were meai;i'i-. While vet 
yoiniii' he was hirccil to leave school and apprentice him-elf to K. 1'. Ilcn-ou. leainiuu the <>ar- 
jientcr trade. In ISS.") hr associated himself 
witli \A'illiam Hunt, uniler the firm name of 
Hunt (.V: Fannini:-. contractors and Iniildcis. 
After ahout two years this tinn was dissohcd. 
and since then Mr. Laiininir lias hcen carrxiiiL; 
on the husincss alone. In 1 sso and F"s>-1 lie 
served as a memher of the Sidiool IJoard of 
this city, and lati^r \vas a memlierof the ICxcisc 
Board. He also si^rved a term of two vears as 
meinlier of the New .lersey FcLdslatlu'e. in 
lS!)-i and ISli:',. Wddle a niemher of the New 
Jersey LcLiislatnrc Mr. Lanninu' hecame the 
father of several impoi'tant hills, anion;: them 
1 icing the act constitutinLr the P>o.-ird of W'orUs. 

a statute l-cducinii the numhel- of l-"reel|o|ders 

and an act reducinir thenumliei- of memhei< of 

Common Council, and hail the satisfaction of 

secini: every hill which he otfered pass Imth 

Houses, rec'cive the ( loveriior's siiniatlire, and 

tlms hecome law. .Mi'. LainiiiiLr was a mendier 

of the Leiiislaturc durinu- the famous race-track 

lif^ht, and when rei(Uested to do so hy some of 

tlie leadiuL' citizens of Trenton he promptlv 

chailircd ids vote and hecame opposed to ;ill 

race-track le.irislation. Mr. Lanninu did not 

make many spei'chcs mi the Hour of the House. 

as lie is a man of deeds rather than words. 

His record in the Lcirislature was liiirlily 

croditahle to himself and iileasinir to his eonstitii -nts. Octoher .'!lst, 1S77, he m.arried Sophie, 

daughter of Mieliael Slaiirer. of Trenton. As to his alulity and experience as a contrai'lor, the 

New Jersey State Hospital, the Mount Holly i'reshyterian Church, tiic New Jersey Asseniliiy 

Cliamhcr, the New Jersey State 15uildin;_' at tiie CliicaLro ]v\]iosilion, an addition to tlie Stale 

Xorinai Sciiool Hoarding Hall, the gymnasimn in connection witii tlie Stati' Sclniols. tiie i'llcctrical 

I'.tiiiding and the addition to the Scientitie i'.uildiiig at i'rinceton, speak his ]. raise. 

i'.i:.\.i.\Mi.\ I'"i-n ( ii.\Mi!EiiS, son of Joini S. and iunnia M. Chainhers, was iioni in Trenton, 
New Jersey, August lotli, I.S-'jO. He was prepared for coilegc at the Trenton .Veademy under tiie 
instruction of Mr. (icorgeS. Grosvenor, and cntereil the Sopiiomore Class at Princeton and graduated 
in lS~-2. lie studied law in the ollicc of Mr. James S. .\itkin and was admitteil to tiie i)ar a.s an 
attorney in 1.S7"), ami as <()unsclor-at-law in 1.S7.S. In IS'Sl lie was elected on tlie llepiihlican ticket 




jAMF>i W. LaN.\-|N-(J. 



.".(¥) 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



U) the lldusc (if Asscnilily fnnu tlic Scciiiid district uf Mnvcr county. During; tiic session he si-rvi'd 
as Clminnaii of tlir ('lUHiiiittci' mi Militia ami iiiciiiiicr cif tlif Cciimiiittecs on Revision of the Laws 
and till' School for J)(•af-^[utc•s. He was an active nienil.er of the National Cnard for several 
vears, enlistin.L' as a )irivate in Company A. Seventli Kejrinient, Manli ITtli. 1^7:1; was iiroinotcd 
Ca|itain and .Indue Advocate of tli<' Seventh Regiment August IDth, 1S77: elected >hiior .Maivli 
■_'.')th, lS7n. and i.ieiitenant-Colonel April 7tii. ISSO. On Ajiril ■_'lth. ISS'J. .Major-C.eneral Mott 
apiiointcd him Assistant A<ljutant-( ieneral of the Division, with the raid< of Colonel, which he 
resiLnicd shortlv after tin- deatli of ( h-ncnd Mott. lie was Clerk of the i'.oard of Trustees of the 
Kirst i'reshvtcrian Chuivh for nine years, which position he hi'ld at the time of his death, .\ugust 
•2-2(1. IS.^o. 

.Mi( ilAKl. .1. Sol. AN was horn in l'".ngland .March I'-lth. I^oo. He came to the Cnited States in 
1S(;2. and located at I'ciminirton. New .lersey. Imt after living tiiere one year, removed to Trenton. 

His early education was ohtaincil in ICngland 
and I'cnnington. Latei' Ik/ attended the even- 
ing sessions of St. .hihn's I'.arochial Scl 1, 

in Trenton. While woi'king at his ti'adc of 
ch.ain-making he managctl to secure a turther 
course at Rider's Business College, lie con- 
tinued at chain-making for seven years, when 
he liecanie warehouseman for .loseph II. 
Moore's pottery. After associating himself 
with the .\merican Crockery Company and as 
foreman of the kiln-yard at Willets" jiottery, he 
successfnllv engaged for two years in the local 
express husiness. In 1SS7 and ISSS he was 
made Tax Collector and ( hcrseer of the Poor 
foi- Millham township, after which time the 
township was annexed to the city of Trenton. 
In IS'.ll he was electc(l Police .Justice for a term 
of three vears, hut was legislated out of ollice. 
He was ap|iointed Clerk to the newly-elected 
.lu>tiec, and later was made Clerk to the Board 
of police Coinniissioners. having held the latter 
position two vears. He is in the real estate 
luisiiiess, having an ollice at 12 Ivist State 
~ticct. He is an ex-Master Workman of the 
Knights of l.alior. In pssd he married I'^liza 
Corhitt, of Trenton. Mi'. Solan has read law 
for two \-ears. lie lirst elltcrcil the ollice of 

M l< II \ I I. .1. >."! \N 

the late .\. .1. Smith, and was afterward regis- 
tered with the present City Solicitor, .John Rellstah. His administration of the ollice of Police 
.Justice gave general satisfaction. While tilling the oHice of Clerk of the Police Court and also 
Clerk for the Hoard of Police Commissioners, he was highly complimented hy the hoanl for the 
concise and correct manner in which he kejit the records of the police department, 

Wii.i.i,\M H, Mriviii.Ku was horn in Northumherland county. Pennsylvania, June 21st. 1S4(). 
When he was only ten years of age he came to Trenton, and has made this his home ever since. 
He was educated at the puhlie schools of this city, and early in life went with the Trenton Agricul- 
tural Works to learn to he a machinist. He learned his traile there, and worked in the same shop 
thirty-two years, most of that time heing foreman of the machine shop. Mr, .Mutchler is a 
thorough niechanie, and is master of his trade from iMginiiing to end. In .May, 1S'.I2, he was 
made Overseer of the Poor, and discharged the duties of his ollice with remarkahle tidelity. .Mr, 
Mutchler helongs to Concordia Lodge, No. 1, I. O. O. F., and the Ancient Order of Unitetl Work- 
men. In l.S(i3, he \va.s married to Pheebc Watson, of Buck.s county, Penn.sylvania. 





SaMLKI, JlKATlt. 



THE CiTY OF TRENTON. 



P,0\ 



Sami i:i, Ili:\iii \\;i> Ihhh and six-ut liis ciirly lilV nii ;i I'anii in MoiittioiiH r\- cuuiitw riinisvl- 
Viinia. Ill l>i"i'.i. 111' inu\r(l tii 'rrcutiiu nnil ciiiiaLic'il in llir milN l)iisiin>s, M'i-\iiiu". I'ur mic vcar, 
milk from tlir Attcrlmrv fann. He tlicti (i]]i'iii'(l a i^i'dccry st(i|-<' dii North Warren >lii'ct. ami was 
tlicrc for r\'j:hi_ yrars. J)uriiii; this time Mr. llcatli hnaim- assorialcil with i'ltcr i''iH in llic manu- 
lactiirr of Inicks. I'^ir several yeai's he was eiiiiaiied in the Jumljer hilsiiiess. In iMii. the linn of 
liiehanlson iV: Heath was fornii'il. eom|io>e(l of .hiseph I'., liieliarilson ami Samuel Heath. .M'ler 
two or three' years this llrm was dissohcil. and since then .Mr. Heath has hi'eii eondmiin;: luisiness 
alone at Nos. ;'i.'14 and .'!o(J Perry street. lie deals in Inmlier, lime, coal, eeimait and luiilders' 
material, and enjoys a laru'c tradi'. .Vhoiit two years auo the Trenton .Mateh ('oiii|ianv was started, 
with Mr. Heath as I'resideiit and Treasurer, |)ositions whieh he still holds. The match factory is 
located on Eslicr street, and is in successful o|ieratioii. He was a mcmliei- of ( 'omnioii ( ouneil for 
two vears, servinii' as Cliairmau of the I'ooi' Coinmitli'e and .also of the l,icense ('ommiltee. 
ThroUL;li his t'ft'orts were secured hetter treatment and fare I'oi' the women who were imfortunatc 
i-noU,L;li to lie inmates of tlie .Mlnshouse. and the men. who w<'re ahle. maile to work on the pooi-- 
I'arm. He also li.xed the license fee ill the city.it ><L'(K), hut lacked su 1 1| loll , anil lindinii that he 
was Ulialile to carry out his ideas, Mr. Healli declined to stand loi- a second leiiii. .More than 
thii'ty years ajio he married ]\Iarv E. liohiiison, of this city, Theii' eldest -on. kiaiik, is a memlier 
of the tirm of Fell A' Heath, hrick niauufactiirers. Tlicii- second son, Charles, is connected with 
the Trenton Match ('oinpaiiv. Their third son. liowai'd, is in his lather's ollicc. 



Is];.\i:i, HowDi.i. was horn in Trenton. .\|iiil 'JOtli, k^'JO. His schooliiiL;' was \cry limited, heiuLj 
a student in the old Ei,i;ht-Si|uare School House. I'litil he was lil'teen years of ane he ~|ient most 
of his time on a farm. At that a^c he was apprenticed 
to .Mr. W'oolesfon Itcdinond, a shoemaker, with whom 
he served tive years. In 1S41 he commenced the shoe 
liusiiiess for himself, and until ISO.") his store was on 
the northeast coi'iier of I'erry and Warren streets. In 
that year lie ino\a'il to No. lOo ]']ast State street, where 
he conducted the shoe luisiness until 1^71, when he 
was appointed Postmaster of the city. .\fter his term 
e.\|)ireil he ojieiicd a real estate and insurance ollicc on 
the second tliior of No. 10.-. East State street, and has 
since hceil acti\ely en;:aucd in this luisiness. Pie ha.- 
keen eonnecteil with most of the land associations w hicli 
have keen started hei-e diiriiii;' tlii' past ten years, and 
has acted as President of the followiiiL; : The ICeonoinx' 
Land Association, kindeii Park kaiid .\ssociation. I iiioii 
k.and .\--oci.ation, Ikimilton .\\'enue iiand Associat ion. 
(ireeliwood .\\enucand Ivist State Street kanil .\ssiicia- 
tion, and the lli-oad Street Pand Associatioii. In kSS'J 
lie koiifiht the markle-yaril of Mr. John D. Payran, and 
shortly after the death of Mr. Luther Ward, Mi. Howell 
purchased Mr. Wai'iPs markle-yard. These two yards 
have l.ieen consolidated and are still tlie property of Mr, 

Howell. He has also keen a Director in the liroad Street Pank since its orL'ani/alion. Mr. Howell 
lias also keen comiccted witli the liiiildinu and lo.in associations, having: lieeii the President of the 
I'^.ast Trenton Land and P.uildin^- Association. .Vnioiiu- his political positions have heeii that of Ta.x 

('olleetor for the First ward two years, niemher of Conn i Council for two terms. Coroner for three 

years from \X'>'I. and Justice of the Peace for akout liftceii years kefore lie was a]ipointcii Po<tmasler, 
and again ever since he retired from the Postinastership, On Fcliruary lltli, \S:','.), Mr, Howell 
joined the old (Jreene Street Methodist Episeojial Church, and was instrumental in forminir llie 
Clinton .\ venue Church. Since Angir-t 1st, ksJ-'!, 'Sir. Howell has liceii a mciiiker of 'i'rcnton Lodge, 
No. '4, lnile|Miident Order of Odd Fellows, and has pa.ssed through all the chairs ami is now Past 
(irand. Mr. Howell was married in IS.}! to Sarah Carter, of Trenton, who died in IS.")!. Jinie 
'2l>tli, ksnil, Mr. Howell was married to Susan Ivirlin, of I'enikerton, New Jersey. 




l-ltAKI. IIU\\ 1 



302 



THK ( ITV OF TRENTON. 



.liili.N II. W'li I TTAKKK was l"ii-ii ill 'riciituii ill till' yrar IS.'Ki. lie was ciliu-alcd al llic Tiiiiti in 
A( ailciiiy ami tlic l*liilailcl|iliia ScIukiI nf 1 )ia\\ iiiLi. Alli r izraduatiiii;- as a siirvcyni- and anliitrrt 
lit' located in Trenton, and has sint-e followed IIk'sc |)rot'essions. For eij^lit years lie was otlicial sur- 
veyor for the lioroii<:li of ("haniliersliuri:. and for live years held a like ]iosition for the horou-.di of 
W'illiur. While ill these |positions he made the liorouirh atlas ami all the nia|is for lidih Ikji-oultIis, 
anci is now enuaf^ed on ini]iortant atlas and map work for W'ilhur. lie has done a f^reat deal of 
national and State work. I"oi' eiirlit yeai's lie was eniraired mi the eelehrated Ocean Heach law case. 
As an anhiteel he has made a re|iiitation. .Many of the |ironiiiicnt iMihlie and |ii-i\ate luiildiiiLis of 
this city and tlirouuh<iut the State were enacted aceordiiifr to ])lans sulmiittcd hv him. Amonji 
these are ('hamhcrsliuru- lioroULdi Hall, Hamilton Axcnne .Methodist K])isco)ial Clnn-ch. IIo]iewell 
Catholic Churi'li, Centemiial I'nhlie School ImildiiiL; and fldwanl II. Stokes' "W'oodlawn" hiiild- 
injis. Ill l.s()l he married .Miss W'yckolf, of Craiihury, New Jersey. His father, John Whittaker, 
was al one time tiie owner of the f;reater part of what is now known as the Third ward. 



(Ikokck J'^i^rzoKoHCF, was horn in ICnuland, in ISi'Ci. In lS-4."), he came to .\merica, locatiiiu in 
till- city of I'aterion, w here he workccl at the trade of shoemakiuL^ I le eame to Trenton in IS.")."',. 

sillini; the daily p.-ipeiso! New 'i'oik .-ind l'hil:idelphia, 
as well as the daihes and weeklies of Trenton. He 
opened a store on I'road street where is now located the 
W'ashiiiiitoii .Market. The luisiness pro\-e(| so jiros- 
peroiis that he opi'iied a store in the old post-ollice, 
which he occupied for fifteen yeai>. When the Wash- 
iiiL:loii Market was liuilt. .Mr. l'"itz,t:eor;re was compelled 
to relilKiuish the store which stood on the siti\ He 
has hi'i'U Su|ierintendent of \\'ashiiii;ton Market for a 
uiuiilier of vears. transacting;' all the husiness of the 
WashiiiLrtoii Market Association. He was a Director of 
the City Railway ('om|iany prior to its consolidation, 
and was instiauiiental in the introduction of manv im- 
provements in its transportation sei'\ice. In l^Tii. .Mr. 
FitzireorL'c dis[ios(>d of his larue paper hiisiiu'ss. In 
IS.")!). Ml-. Fitzgeorfic married .\niie I']li/.alietli Booth, of 
riiil.adelpliia. ( )r his children, there are I'Mwin, a hook 
and joli piinlei- : (ieortre T., a druuiiist ; Mrs. Harrv 
Crook, Mis. .\lliert West, and Frank l'"itz.u'eor,ue, who is 
eimaucd in the ]ilumhint; trade. He is a niemlier of 
Mercer T>od,L'e, No. ■">'•. F. and .V. .M., has heen its 
Treasurer for eighteen sueccssi\'e years, ami at the recent election was re-elected to the ollice unani- 
mously. He was a meiiiher of the Hoard of Trustees of the old rnion Street M. 1']. Churt-h when 
it was in c.xistcncc. and afterward united with the Central .M. F. Chm-cli when it was ori.mnized. 
He was one of the principals in the oriianization, was a memlierof its lirst Hoard of Trustees, has 
coutinticil to lie ;i memher until the present dav, and is the oiil\ one ol' tl riyinal hoard left. 




(iKcHtliK Fj'lV.(iK<ii:r;E. 



Josi-:i'ii .\. SorriiwKK, niaii.-iii:er of the Soiithwiek Comhination Stores, was lioni in Trenton in 
FS.">,. Jle entered the dry fijoods husiness hefore he was liftccu years of aji;e. When Henderson ('<. 
Scudder o])ene(l his dry troocls store in Trenton, in 1S.')-J. Mr. Southwick was euLfaued as the lir-t 
clerk. In IS.")-! Mr. Southwick went to riiilailelphia, .■inci wa~ in Hlye's store, at the corner of 
-Ninth ami Arch streets. After six years with Mr. Jilye, he opened a store of his own, on South 
I'jjihth street, and continued in the dry i;oods liusine.ss there until 1S7"), when he removed to ICIcv- 
eiitli and Chestiuit streets, and ociaipied that larire store for several years. In iss:; he eaine to 
Trenton and openeil the Southwick Comhination Stores, .'>7 Fast State street. The luisiness was 
very successful, and in 1.S',)1> Mr. Southwick secured the douhle conununicatiiii: stores in the Y. M. 
C. \. I'.uililinir, which was not then linished. Tliev were titled up under his personal su|M'r\ision, 
with necessary conveniences. In Octoher, 1.S'.I2. he moved into the new stores. .Mr. Southwick 
lias been identilied with Masonic bodies for many years, has lilled many of the prominent posi- 




JiisKl'Il A. S<h:tiI WR'K. 



THE CITY f)F TTIKNTON. 



303 



tions in tlir iliffcrcnt hranclics uf tlic (inlcr nml still coiitinucs liis iiu'inlici-siii|> with his old I'hiladcl- 
|iliia Idd.m's. ill iirffcrciicc t(i hi'liii;- (liniittnl to thr iddui's of liis |iri'M-iit Ikiiiic I Ir mari-iccl l^ljcn 
Matthias in ISIj;;. Mr. SdUtliuick (mhiics from one of the oldrst families in '{"rcnton. His irrand- 
motliiT, Sarah Moore, was the last siir\i\-or of the committee of thirteen voim;^' ladies who 
reeeiviHl (ieneral (ieorue W'ashinuton u|ion his tiium])hal march tlinaii^h Trenton. She dieil at the 
extreiiio aj;-e of ninety-six years, and is huri<'d in the l'"ii-s1 I'reshytia-ian ehnrcln ai'd. At thi' time 
(if the lievolutionary war the Sipiithw iek family resideil on Warren street, next to the now Trenton 
Mouse. Captaiii .Moore, a hrother of Mr. Soiithwic-k's <;randmother, was kill.'d in the hattle of 

I'l-incetoll. 



•lolix ]!. Fell was honi in Tivnton. .\imnsl iTith. 1S:;(;. At ten yeai-s of a;:e he starteil in 
to learn lirickmakini;', which lie woiked at ele\in years. He next eimaiied in the ui'orcrv hiisiness, 
followinu- that line several yeai's. In Istid he was aii|]ointed 
.Marshal in the State Prison. seiAini:: niiiler I'etir 1'. Rohiii- 
soii, until A cliaiiL;!' in |iolities caused his remo\.il. lie 
and Mr. Itoherts liou.nht the interest of I'eter Fell in the hriek- 
yard on Princeton avenue, where he is still doiiiu husiiiess 
under the lirni name of Fell A' llolieit^. .Mr. l-"ell was made 
Seryeant-at-Aniis of the Assemhly in l>i7<'i. and his |jo|pnlarily 
led to his re-election to that ]iosition four I'ouseeutive \'eais. 
He served (111 the Ivxcise Hoard six veals from l>>'s.'!. and 
is now a nieniher of the iJatlle .Monimient ('omniis>ioii, 
liaviiif;- taken the jilace of the late Hi', .lohn W'oolverfon. 
He was Assistant Eiiiiineer in the old vohinteei- lire de|i;irt- 
iiieiit, under John A. Weart, and is a nii.'iiilier of the 
lv\eni]it Firemen's Association. ( )n (liloher I'lst, ISoT, he 
was niai'ricd to ^larv C. Plew, of I'lincetoii, Xe\v Jersey, 
and four children have heeii horn to them, two of whom ari' 
living. 




JniiN B. KK 



EcKl'oKii MooRf; was horn in Trenton, New Jersey, Octolier 2'.)tli, ISIS. He was educated at 
the Slate Model School and Trenton .Vcademy. afterward takini;- a full course at the I'olvtechnic 

('ollei;('. l'hiladel]ihia. to lit him for the |irofession of a miniiifr 
liiLiinecr. He never followed this vocation, however, hut came to 
Ti'entoii and eni.'a!i'ed in the hiisiness of wholesale notions with 
the liiiii of Howell. IJichards i^- Co., with whom he stayed four 
years. Mr. Moore has always lieen proiuineiit in |i(ilities, and is 
a l)(iiiociat of the iiroiiressive tyjie. His lirst exertions for ))oliti- 
cal honors were made in 1S77. when he was nominaled for .\ssem- 
hlynian, and won the election after a hard lij;ht. He was re- 
elected in 1S7S, hut niel defeat in ISSO, when he ran for Senator, 
thecomilvof .Mercer heiiiL: (iverw hchiiinul V l!e|iulilican. In the 
year ISS], he was a,i.'ain electetl to the Assemhly. He was aji- 
jiointed to (ill the iinexjiired term of City Clerk I'^arley, who re- 
-iuiieil, and at the exiiiratioii of thai time was electeil to the same 
|iositi(in for a full term. In issi;, he was the a|p|iointee of Presi- 
'leiit Cleveland for Postmasler, and he lillcil this ollice with en'(lit 
to himself and liellefit to the |ieo|ile. He has lieell a Ineniher of 
the Trenton Hattle Monument Association since its orjiani/.ation, 
and is now its Secretary. He was a|i|ioiiiteiI Colonel and Aide- 
de-Caiii|i (111 the stall' of (lovernor l.udlow .\|iiil I'.ilh. jssl.and Colonel and .\ide-(le-Cam|i on 
the stall' of (lovernor Ahhctt April 2'.)lh, ISSl. His father was Mr. Charles Moore, one of the 
(irifiiiial proprietors of the Moore Flour Mills, situated on South Warren street. In 1S71, Colonel 
Moore was m.arried to .\nna S. Temple, of Trenton. They reside al 111 l']ast Stale street, where 
Colonel .Moore lias lived since I s.'id. 




ElKHHil. M«"'JtK. 



304 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 




UoiiEUT JJ. IJONNKV. 



C'liAiii.Ks B. Cask was Ixn-n in lluuUnlon county. New .Ilisiv, in l.SfiO, where he was cdiR-iteil. 
In ix~x he was jriaduated from the Centcnarv Collegiate Institute, of Hackettstown, New Jersey, 
and spent tlirce rears in ^'ale University. In l^^l lieeanieto Trenton and studied law with .Judge 
Buchanan. Mr. Case aliandoncil the idea of entci-ing upon the ]>ractiee of law. and in 1SS4 hecanie 
interested in real estate o]icrations, forming a |>;nliii'i',~hiii with ."^amnel Walker, .Ir. In ISSfithis 
partnership was dissolved ami Mr. Case entered into partnershi]) with Mr. (lai-dner ]]. Cain, under 
the lii'in nann' of Case i\: Cain. This young and progrc^ssive iirni have handleil a gi'eat deal of 

propei'ty anil lia\c done a very extensive Imsiness in 
real estate during the jjast eight years. Mr. Case holds 
the |iosition of iVssistant Suj)erintendent of the Sahhath- 
s.-lHM.lof theStateStreetM. E. Clim-eh. Jn IS'.Klhcwas 
inairie(l to I'^lorence N.. daughter of Mi-. Ilcui'y C. Case. 

l!oi;i;i,"r I!. I'.onm.v was horn at .New liruiiswirk in 
1 ^ l">. .\ftei' a complete course at the puMic and L;ram- 

ni;ii- scl Is of his native city, he matriculaled at l!\it- 

licis ('ollege. lie llicli entered one of llir iliv goods 
stores of New Ihniiswiek :is clerk. In hs7'_'. he was 
appointed to a clcikship ill the Xi-w .Jersey State Prison 
and .-it once mo\'c(l to Tri'iiton. llecontinueil in his 
position until IMid. .'>ilice then he has heell ill the 
L:ciiei-al eartagi' and street-sprinkling liiisiiiess. and 
lias had charge of the iiiiiin ottiee of the Sanitary 
potters' ,\ssociation. I lis ollice is in the Masonii- Temple 
lniililing, corner State and Warren streets. f^ir nearly 
two terms Mr. I'.oiinev served as a mcniher of the C mi- 
mon i'ouiicil of the horougli of ( 'liamliersliurg. and dur- 
iiiu tliiil ti nil' lie was Chairman (if the I'i nance ( 'oinmittee 
and Superintendent of the Iiorough water system. for four years he was (Jiie of the city Water Com- 
missioners anil is now a nicmher of the hoard for the second time. He has always taken a great 
interest in the water supply and ihr extensioii of tin- scr\-icc. lie is Secretary of the Board of Trustees 
of the Clinton .\\enuc l!a|itist Chinili. and for lifleeii 

years has hecu Superintendent of ihr .'-^unday-scl I. In 

1S()7, he married Katharine I,. Seilam. They have one 
daughter. Mr<. .losepli 1 ). .\rriM.n, of New \nvk City. 

Wiiliwi II. WiiiiK was lioi'ii aliiiul three milis 
ahove Trenton, August \X\\\. \s:\-2. Hi- education was 
such as his energetic s]iirit coiild M-cine during leisure 
hours. Ill' came to Trenton when eighteen years 
of age and worked for the lirm of Cpton iV: Miller, tin- 
smiths. .\1 the age of twenty-two he started for 
himself, occujiving the corner of State and \\ arreii 
streets. After three years .laniis Wylie was admitted 
as a partner. In the year 1S.")S the Inisinc^s was 
removed to its jirescnt location, Ih^ North lliMad 
street. The space then oeeu]iied, however, was a 
room only ten hy twenty feet. For four years (leorge 
Burling was a partner. lie withdi-ew ahout \X7'2. 
Tlien Mr. White's hrotlu'r, .)ohn W., hecauH' his ]jart- 
ner until the spring of ]S7(), when he resigned. Mr. 
White carried on the husiness alone until ISIK), wln-n his 
twosons, Howard and William .T., were admitted. This 

lirm was again changed after one year had ela])Se(l, Howard While haxiiig assumed the management of 
the White Cycle Company. At present it is William 11. White ^V Son. the latter heing William -I. 
Through changes tlu' husiness has seen no alteration except continued prosperity. The ohjeets of 
the lirm are trading in stoves, and a specialty is made of plumhing, tin-roofing and sheet-iron work. 




V\I 11 WlllTK. 




Charles B. Casi-;. 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



305 




Al.KXANIiKH H. KliKKV. 



Alexander H. Rickey is a nativo of Trrntdii, iiaviiiL' Ih'cii Ixirn here Ausiust (ith, 1S47. His 
education was received in the pulilic scliools of tliis city. l>atcr lie attemlcd tlie Eastman Business 
Cdlleuc, of I'oUirldceej>sie. New Vorl';, He ililmniiird 
to study law, entering tile otiice of .Indue Alfred Itcnl. 
May L'.'id, lSi;4, he was tendered a clerkshiii in the 
(Mivernor's ollice. and since IsCili he has liccn conucrti'd 
with the ollire of tlie Scci-ctai'y of State. For nianv 
years lie held the jjositiou of Chief Cli^rk, and siiK/e 
.Januai-y 1st, IS'.K). he has Keen .Vssistant Seia-etarv of 
State, invested hy law with the >aine ])owers and to 
perform all the duties which aic imposed liy law n]:)on 
the Secretary of Stati' in Ids ahscnee. He also occU]iied 
the very responsihle jxisition of E.xaminer of Bankini;- 
and Insurance Com])anies under the Counnissioner of 
liaidss. ^Ir. Iiickey has held n iiundpci' of impoi'tant 
positions in his native city. From 1>^71 to ls7.") he 
was a nicndicr of Common Council fi-om the Third 
ward, and duriuu' that time was ( hainnau of the Fire 
Connnittee and the C'ity Hall Conindtlee and was a 
mendier of the Finance ( 'ommittie. Mr. Kickev is 
a nieiiihei- of Trenton I,odL;e. \o. ."), i'\ and .\. M.. anil 
Three-Times-Three Chajitcr. He was married in 1><7-! 
to Miss Axignsta ISarkholtz. of this city. A son — 

Carlton Hamilton Riiki'y — is a student at I'riiu'etor] Cdle.je. Mi-. Hiekev is one of the most 
faithful and valuahle oHieial- lli.it the State has evei- had, ami whilst not anxious for ]iolitical 

lionors, is very eoiiseieiilioiis in tile dischar;,;'e 
of the duties of lii> ollice. 

FnANK .M. W'riJ.ia,- was Koin in Ti'en- 
ton. Oetoher I'lMli. Im;.",. lli> education was 
ohtaiiied in the puhiic scliools and in the 
husiness college of ISryaut it Stratton. He 
entered the I'nited States service, as sea- 
man apprentice, on hoai-d the lia,i:shi)) of 
the jMii'opean S(|uadron. thi' ''Lancaster.'' 
Mr. W'eller was with this sipiadron three 
yeai's. \-isitim:- all the prim-ipal )iarts of the 
wol-ld. In ISSl the lirm of llin'm Wel- 
ler's Sons was <'stahlislied. of \\liieli l'"i-ank M. 
W'eller liecanu' a memher. They eii'j.a.L'ed in 
an extensive husiness on Hrunswiek avenue, in 
river sand. Iiaulim;'. as shipwrit;lits. and also 
di'alinjr in coal. I le is the director of the linaii- 
cial alTaii's of this successful lirm. For ten 
veai's he has heen an active Hepuhliean in tlie 
Seventh ward, evincinu' a lively interest in all 
that concerns the ]iarty. In the sprini: of IS'.il 
he was honored hv an election to t'onunon 
Council. .\s a mendier of the ' 'ouncil he serves 
the citv on the Park Committee, of which he is 
Chairm.an. ami has a place on the Street, Rail- 
road and Uridirc, City Hall, Lamp, and Poor 
Committees. Ml-. Weller is llioroui.dily ^ratified if his efi'orts procure for his constitiK'nts and the 
city any diL^ree of profit and im|iro\-ement. Hi' married, in 1SS">, I'"lorence IJeulali, dauirhter of 
Hujro Francis, of New '^'ork City. Two ihildrcn j^nicc the home of Mr. Weller — Chester Francis 
and Olive Moore. 
0* 




Fkank M. Wki.i.kk. 



30fi 



TIIK CITY OF TRENTON. 



Jdiin (j. ( JiNNODo was liiiiii ill l'liilailcl]i!iia, Auirust L'Ttli. 1S4'.I. For a few years he attnidi'il 
the ]nil>lir st'licpdls of liis native city ami then \viiii<eil fm- tlie lUisii Hill Irun Cnniiiany, of Philadcl- 
l»liia, learninii tlie traile of roll-turninj: anil ireneral machinist. When the l\el)ellion eoninieneed he 

enlisted in Company A, Kiirhty-seeoml l!et;iment. PiMin- 
sylvania \'oluiiteers, and served one year. lie then 
enlisted in lh<' I'liited States navy and served over two 
years. He was stationeil in the navy yards of I'hila- 
del|ihia. IJrooklvn. \\'asliinLrti>n and I'ensaeola. most 
of ilie time liiini:' at the latter place. 1 lavinir a very 
severe attack of the yellow fever he was olVered a dis- 
eliaiye on account of physical disaliility incurred in the 
service ; reflisinj;" this he accepted a discliariie as a 
minor. He was imahle to work in the iron mills, there- 
fore Icarneil pa|ici-liaiiL:iML; and workecl at this trader for 
alioiit six years. Jle then took a jiosilion with the 

Ivl^i'cii r Iron ('om|)any. near \\'ilmin,i;1on. In ]S77 

he came to 'rrcntoii. For three years he was employed 
liy the I'hieiiix Iron Company, and dnrinji two years 
\\a< in Cleveland. ( ihio, workint; for the()tis Steel and 
1 ron Coiiijiany. Keturniiiii' to Trenton lie ente|-e<l llie 
eniplov of David Shaw, the paiierlianjrer, of South War- 
ren sti-eet, and was enjiajred at his trade for three years 
oi- more. He then \vent hack to i-oll-tiirnint;- in the .New 
Ji'rsey ."^teel and Iron Company's woi'ks and was t>m- 
jiloyed there <i\-cr three years. .Ml', (iimiodo has taken 
a f^reat interest in politics ever since he went to the war. In the spi'iiiii' of 1S'.)4 he was electeil to 
Coimnon Council. He is a memlier of the I'oor and Street Conimittees, and is Chairman of the 
Police Committee. .Mr. Cimiod,, i> I'a-t Commander of .Vai'on Wilkes l'o>t. No. i'-"!, C. A. K. 
.Inlv l-'Stli, 1n71. he was niarrii'il to Ilaiiiet Massev. of l'liu-nixvilh\ I'eiinsvlvania. 




Jiill.N ii. liiN.NulJU 



.John S. CnAMi'.i:i;s was liorn in Trenton in l^L'-'l. and has always lived in the city. His early 
e<hication was ohtained at the Trenton .\i-adcni\'. I'pon leaviiii!' the Acadi'iiiy. he foi- ten vears 
devoted himself to fai'miiii;. In the year IS.'id, du the :J.Id of .lime, hi' was elected Treasurer of the 
Trenton (las Lijrht Company. This was the lii>t company foinied in Trenton for the pni-pose of 
li,Lditin.s the city. On.IuneSth, l.S."j7, hewasniadca I )irector and (ieiieral .Manauer. which olliees he 
has held ever since. F^)llowing these years, Mr. Chamhers' life was one of eontinued usefulness, 
oeeuiivinir many positions of trust and responsihility. In early life hetook a iireat interest in military 
affairs, and in l.S-l.'l hecame Corpoial of ( 'a plain Samuel 1!. Ilamiltoirs troop of cavalry. He was also 
an oHicer in Ca]>tain Samuel Dickinson's company of inf.inti-y. National (iuard, in IMi;. In those 
times the niemliers of the company paid ihcirown ex]icnses. In l.^fil Mr. Chamliers joined Company 
A, Seventh Heiriment, and was appointed Second Seriicant thereof. The company was then eom- 
inandeil hy Captain William I!. Mur]ihy. In the atfairs of the tire di'iiartment. .Mr. Chamhers wa.s 
also interested. He was I'lected a niemhcr of the I'nion l-'i re Company in ISJl. His ]ioptilarity 
led to his election as Secretary of the company in ISji;. and linally I'l'esideiit in IS(il). In iS-'i'.l lie 
was elected a Trustee of the Trenton Acadi'iuy, at the same time heini; made the .'Secretary, 
and in 1.S72 was made Treasurer. These several olliees he held until Decemher 1 Itli, IXSI), when 
the association was dissolved hy the Court of Chancery, jitirstiant to petition of the ]iroprietors. Mr. 
Chamhers has also heen connected with the Trenton Savini: Ftmd Society since .lainiary I-'itli. 1 S.")<), 
when he was elected a Manager of the same. He rcsiLiiicd the ollice in March, ISIili. and the s.ame 
day, the l.'Jtli, was apjiointed Secretary and Ti'easurer. These olliees he resiiiiied .Vuirust L'Sth, 
ISlitl. On the fourth of the i'ollowinjr month, he was auain elected to till the position of Manajfer, hut 
resiirned on January 24111, 1S71. For a third time, he was elected a Manairer Oetoher I'lst, 1.S.S4, 
and he has served in that capacity ever since. Recof;nizin,K his worth, the manaiicmcnt of the 
Mechanics National 15ank elected him a Director in January. l.S7!(. He was elected \'ice President 
in 1888, liut declined to ixTiiiit a re-eleetiou to either ollice in January, I.SSU. He was a])pointed 




JOUN .■?. CH.\MIli:itS 



THE CTTY OF TRENTON. 



307 



July 1 Ith. l.'^(>•"), til the (illii-r of ( '(iiiiiiiissii iiicr df the Siiikiiii;- l-"iiiiil 111' till' citv iif 'I'rrntiin. ami still 
tills the olliee. Fel)raai-v "itli. |ss;',. saw him ruiiiirrtril ^vi|ll tlic .MiTcliaiits TmnsportatiDn Cmn- 
liany as Diroftnr. Thr ulliir nf I'l-i'siilriit was Liivni him Drrrinhcr loth. IS.Sl. liuth iittirrs are 
at the prrsriit timr hrhl hy Mr. I'hamhri-s. Ivirly jniniuu- thr j^'irst I'l'i-shvli-riau Churrh hi' was 
arti\ily riiL;ai;ril iii the itMl:!''!!- wnrk of thai \iiiriah]r iii'naiiizatii)ii in is.'iC, whrii hi' was a tcaclicr 
ill the missiiiii srhiinl rdiiiurliil ihritwith. whirli siliuiil was sitnatnl uii I'riiirrtiin avenue. Tie 
was a tearlu-r fur thirtn-ii years. In 1S.")7 he was I'li-eteil Clerk ufthr IJuani of 'I'rusters of the 
i-hiirih, hulilinii' the iiusitimi until \>^7A. Ilr was a Trustrr rrniii .laiiiiary, ISd.'), to 1871 and an 
I':iilrr fium IMiC, to is; 1. i].on rrsiuniuL' all the ollirrs \\c hnami' interested in tlie nioveiiieut 
to organize tin.' Fifth I'l-eshyterian ('liunli, mi I'lim-eton a\Tiiiir. in whiih hr look a jirominrnt iiart. 
The first meeting of thr Triistris was hrld at tin' lionir of .Mr. Chamlirrs. l-'our years later he 
•withdrew from the l-"iftli Chuivli, and aftrrward rrjoiiinl the First, of which rhureh he is now 
a eonimunieant. Surely surli a rarrrr is one to he |irouil of. and oiir u|ion wliieh an\- man 
may look over with a largr drgrrr of satislartion. Frw inrii li:i\r di\olril tlirir tinir and talents to 
thr n|iliuilding of the rify in so many ways as lias .Mi'. ( 'liiimliii's, and his naiin' will he handed 
down to future generations as luing among the most patriotir miii of thr rarlv da\-s of Trenton's 
|iriisjierity. In l.S4l'i Mr. ( 'hamlirrs mai'iird Emma ^1. I'^isli. ilaugliti'i' of ihrlati' lliiiiainiii Fish. 
Four ehildrm rrsulti'd from thr union, two of whom arr still lixing. Tlii'\- arr .John S. , .Ir., a rivil 
engineei', of I'ittshui'gli, I'miisyl vania. .'iiid Thomas Strykrr, who is thr Si'rrrtai'X' of thr Trmton 
(ia.s Light Comiiaiiy, Mr, ('h.'imhrrs rrsidrs at No. ]'.t:', lii'iuiswirk avniiii'. ii|ion ground owned hv 
his family for uioi-r than mir hundrrd \rars. 



Fkedi^rick F, ( ', W'ooinvAi.'ii, 1>, l>,S., Avas horn in Monniontli rouuty, .Xrw .Irrsev, iu isrifi, 
wlirrr he reeeivi'd his rarly rduralion, llr attriidrd thr llonliiitow n .Military liistitutr to pre- 
parr for W'rst Point, llr linishrd his prrparation at a military srliool at Crotoii-on-thr-l I udson. 
In ISSf hr I'litered Wilson's drug stoir. 
Passing thr Statr IJoard r.x.'imination, hr 
liiatrirnl.'itrd at thr Pliiladrlphia Drnlal Col- 
lege and thr .Mnliro-t 'hilUlgiial ('ollrgr. At 

those institutions hr took a roinplrtr roursr 
in drntistry and a |iartial mursr in nirdirinr 
and surgrry. I>i', \\'ooilwaril as a IJrpiili- 
liran has always takrn an arli\r iutrrrst in 
piilitir<, \\r has srveral times heen a drlrgatr 
to Coiigirssioiial riiuyriitiiins and is imw a 
mriiilirr of Trmton ('omnion ('oiiiiril, haxiiiL; 
hrrli rlrrtrd ill thr spring of lS',tt, llr is 
Chairman of thr Committrrs on lioard of Tia dr 
and Shows and I'Lxhihitions, ,\moiig otlirr 
organizations of a seeret and sori.d rhar.irtrr 
he was one of the originators of thr Park Inland 
Canoeing .Vssorialion, and is now srr\ini: as 
Bugler and one of thr Trustees. On Srptrni- 
her 1st. ISS:',, ].)r. Woodward rnlistrd as pii- 
yatr in Company 1!. Srvrnih Prgimnil, \, ('•. 
N, .1., and .lunr 1st, ]SSI\, hr was appoinlnl 
.'^ergrant and lUiglrr on Ornrial l>onii('ll\'- 
stall'. III' was in coutinu.il srrxirr in thr 
National (iuard from thr timr of his enlist- 
ment until transfrri'i'd to thr .Naval Krsrrvc, 
On ari'ount of his military edueation |)r. 
Woodward was a ]irinir niovrr in thr .\aval 
Reserve Corps. Ipoii .May I'lst. IS'.i"), he was commissioned Srnior Meutenant of the First 
Division, Battalion of the Wrst, On .\ugtist lOth, IS'.i:!, he married Lilian Bloodgood, of Now 
P.runswiek, .New .lersiv. Tiny rrside at No. 'I-'A East State street, whore he lia.s Ills dental offices. 




FKI:|>I:1U< K I''. (', WuiiKW.MlM 



308 THE CITY oK IKKNToX. 

Kdminu r. IIii.i. was liorii May 11th, 18-").') ; lie is a son of the late Thomas ('. Hill. For a 
hundn-d vcars his i>atornal ancestors liavc heen Trentonians : lie is ilescendi^d on his mother's side 
from the Duteli and Hu<iUenot settlers of East New Jersi'V. His early eiliieation was ohtained 
in the imhlie schools of Trenton. suii]ilemented hy attendance at the State Model School, 
and later at the Trenton .\cailemy, where he prepared for collei:i'. and was >;raduated, with 

hitrh honors, in 1873. On account of ] r eyesight .Mr. Hill thonght it iiie.\])e<lient to contiinie 

his studies, and temiiorarily engaged in his father's liakery. He has. Imwever. remained in that 
occui>atioii for twenty-two years. The bakery husincss was iu>tituteil in the year IsCilt liy Thomas 
('. Hill, who. froni its inception. c-ndca\dreil to pla<-e his estahlishment among the foremost in the 
State. Edmund T. Hill remained in the emjiloy of his fatlier for a di'cade. applying himself to 
the details of his o<'cupation. In 1>>>^") he hecame a pai-tmr with his fathcT. and in IS'.H. upon 
the death of Thomas ('. Hill. tli<' entire husincss <-amc into the hands of Edmund ( '. In 189.') 
a stock association, known as ■■The Thomas ('. Hill iV' Son Comiiany." wa~ incorporated. Tn 

this Mr. Hill owns a majority of the stock. The cstaMisl 'Ut is thoroughly cipiippcd with all 

modern machinerv and appliances, and the woi-k piodnccd is of a high grade, t )n the lUtli of 
Septemher, l^SI. he was mai'i-ied to .li'miic ('., daughtci- of Captain Itichard .). Itichards. Company 
H, Twelitv-lirst New .l<'i>c\' \'olunteers, of Lawrence\ille. Xi'W .Jersey. l-'i'om 1SS7 to IS'.IO 
Mr. Hill represented tin- l'"irst ward in the Tnnton Common Council. During those years 
he was Chairman of the Ordinance Coiinnittce. and to his ci-cdit it may lie said that none of 
the ordinance's which ])assed through his hands were c\i'r icverscd hy the Snprenu' Court. This 
was a critical period in the history of Trenton, the tln'cc years heing devoted to nnuiicipal eon- 
solidatii>n and the alisoi-ption of s\ihurhs, adoption of the sewerage .system, development of the 
iiark iilca. the codification of citv orilinani-es and the general remodeling of munici]ial ilep.n-tments. 
He was also N'ice Chairman of the Sanitary Conmiittee. and prominent in all legislation l)earing on 
the sewerage of Trenton. .Mi'. Hill was largely instrumental in sciuring for Trenton the sewerage 
svstein, the grouml foi- the first sewci' licing hroken hy Hi'. W. W. L. I'liillips (now of Fortress 
.\hinroe) and Mr. Hill. The lattei- now has in his possession the iilcntical sliovcl useil. The 
Trenton park system had its origin in .Mr. Hill's elforts. I'poii entci-ing Connnon Council he 
mappeil out the plan as now ailopted. He si'leite<l the site of Cadwalader Park, which, now 
so successful, met at the time with the opposition of press and puhlic. .\fter a tedious 
contest he succeedeil in passing the ordinami- pi-oviding foi' the p\n-<liase of Cadwalader 
I'ark and a large tract of land to he useil in the future as a river driv. Mr. Hill was 
lirst Chairman of the i'ark (.'onnnission and practically organized tlie |iark departnu'Ut. The 
organization of this department was a woi-k of no small moment, and the lines laid down regard- 
ing jiolicing and genei-al management lia\c hi'cn pi-acticaliy followeil e\ei- siui'c. During 
IHWi and 1.S94 .Mr. Hill was President of the ILiard of Trade. \]v is d.vply interesti'd in the 
eontem]ilated shi|i canal, an inland eo.istwisi' waterway, which it is proposeil to extend from 
Iloston to New Orleans. I n this comn'ction he represents New .lersey in the Philadelphia Ctiiial 
('onnnission. He has ihi-ee times heen a delegate from Trenton to the National I'.oard of Trade at 
Washington, I). C. in his capacity as President of the lloai'il of Trade he was largely instrumental 
in settling the disastrous strike in the Trenton potteries in 1S',(|. hotli mamifaeturers and employes 
agreeing in advance to acce]it his mediation. In IS'.I.", he was a delegate to the International Con- 
gress held at Chicago. ^\■hilc Chairman of the Park Committee of Cotnicil Mr. Hill suggested to 
the executors of the Cadwalader estate that they specially impi-o\i' their tiaet of land adjacent to 
the park. He was at once offered the agency thereof, if he woidd accept it. with nirtr blanche to 
spend any amount of money he thotight best. He .accepted the position, and 880,000 was s]ient 
in improvements. In eonsciiuence, "Cadwalader Place" has hecomc one of the hest suV)urhs in 
the State, and it has acted as a stimulus to town-gi'owth in many ways. in|iolitics. Mr. Hill i- a 
Re])ul)lican, heing a i)romint'nt mcuiher of thi' Voung .Men's Kepuhlican Cluh of ■('rcnton. He 
has l)een Treasurer of the State Hei)uhlican League since its organization in IXST. He is President 
of the Reiiuhlie Building and Loan Association, President of the Chihlren's Home Society, a 
Director in the Trenton Safe Deposit and Trust Comjianv and is \'ice President of the State Mutual 
ISuilding and Loan Association. He is connected with nearl\- all of the benevolent and fraternal 
organizations of Trenton, ])articularly with the Masonic i>rder. Among other organizations, Mr. 
llill is a niend)er of the Trenton Natural History Society, the New Jersey Historical Society, the 




KHMLN1> C. UlLI,. 



Till-: CITY OF TREXTON. 



.",00 



Manufacturers' Chih nl I'liila(!cl]ilii:i. and tlic 'r\\iliL;lil ("luli uf Xrw \in]<. JIo is a iuciiiImt and 
Trustee of the Clinton Avenue llaptist Chunh. Scmie yeai-s a,i:n Mr. Hill oifered a silver eup for 
(■(inqietition aiudnu tlie eamieists on the l)ela\\ai-i'. which was tli<' miuin uf the annual canoe rejratlas 
that take ])lace each Se]iteniliei', and are held ahove the "l-'alls."' Durini;' his adniinistiatiim as 
President of the Park Island ('anoeinti Association the clnli-hoiisi' (in Park Island was liuilt. The 
Ali;iiniiuin Canoe Cluh was started liv Mr. Hill, who was the lirst Conniioddre and drew the jilans 
for the cluh-hi.iuse. 



Bahkek (ir.MMiOKr:. Ji;.. \vas horn in Treuhm, New .Tersey, .Inne ■"'itli, hS.")(;. Hi (he fall of \s~(; 
he aceejited a ])ositioii as c(irres]iundiiiL;' clerk foi- the Trenton ]5ankiii;j ( 'iiiii|iaii v. 1 le tendered his 
resiii-nation ti> tliis c(ini]>any in is""^, to ae<-e|it a more lucrative jiosilinn with the Ceiiliid I!ailiu:id 
of New .h'rsi'V, whci-c he had charu'e uf the freij^ht accounts on 
the Long Braueli Division foi' six months. He was then made 
Private Secretary to . I udu'e I^athroj), Pi'esident of the c(im]iany. 
In 1SS4 he jiurchased an interest in the linn uf lldjikins, Itossell 
it Ciiui|ianv. ext<'nsive oil dealers of New ^'urk Citv, hut at the 
ex|iii'atiou of one year lie sold out and returned to Trentun, 
wliei'e he has remained ever since. In IS.S.") he hdught an interest 
in his father's law lii'iii, and as he was not a meniher of the har 
he attended to the ollice husiness of the e(in<-ern. In ISSS he 
was elected to the Connnon Council, and while a mcmher of that 
hody he serveil (Uie year as Chairman of the Ordinance Com- 
mittee, and two years as ('hairnian of the Finance Connnitt<'e. 
in 1S'.I2 he was elected Clerk of ^fercer county, for a term of tivi' 
yeai's. He i^ a mcmher uf the (ioverning Boai'd of the fiercer 
Ciiunty liepuhlican Cluh ami a meniher of the IMercer County 
l!e|iulilican Executive Connnittee. He is a Director and Treasu- 
rer uf the Trenton Trust and Safi' Deposit Cunip.-iny. Barkek (a mmkuk,.!!!. 




Chaki.Ks II. P>.\ki:i; was hurn in Trentun in August. lsr>-_'. and i-cccived his e,n-ly cducatiun at 
the State Mudel Scliuul and the Trentun Academy. In IsT'.i, he entered the employ of liandall 

itii-kcy, at the same time attending lectures at tlu> 
Philaili'lpliia Collegi' of Pharmacy, whence he was 
giaduatcd in ISS-J. l-'ur six years he held a position 
at the head of his profession. I"ur twu years he con- 
ilucted a local expl'css husiness. \\'itli Claude ]']. I<'ellj 
nn<ler the tirni name of Fell i<.- Baker, \w engaged in 
the manufacture of lirieks. This firm has, for seven 
vears, hcen in existence, and gives cmploymi'nl to 
seventy men. Mr. ]5aker has heen President of the 
Ivjyptian Pottii-y Comjiany since its organization. This 
curpui-atiuii w.-is organi/.cd in IMH, fur thi' mamifai-ture 
uf sanitary ware, and has l)een successfully conducti'd 
since that time. I[e is also connected with the Crescent 
Prass Company, heing its Treasui'cr. In political life, 
he is a lic]iulilican, and has Ijcen j>n>niinent as a caiiili- 
datc fur elective honors. He was a])]>ointcd hy Mayor 
.luseph P>. Shaw, a Democrat, as one of the Kepulpliean 
memhers of the Fire Cununission in charge of the paid 
lire department. He showed a marked interest while 
,in,;i,, ir livKM: connected with that important liranch of municij)al 

alfairs. Ajiril '.Hh, ISl)."), lie was electeil Receiver of 
Taxes hy a niajoiity uf 2,.'!.S(), in whi<h pusition he is at ]irescnt serving the city in a most ]iraise- 
worlhy mamnr. l'"or several years Mi-. llaker was a mcmher of the uM Trentun Hose Coniiiany, 
and servid with hunur as its President. 




310 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



Ill TciiiNsox Lkkiii was liorn in Bucks euunty, l'iiinsylv;mia, in ISIO. and nuivcd to ICwin}^ 
townslii)). New Jersey, wlieii he was alxiut thirteen y(>ars of age. lie was a farniir's l)()y, reeciving 

only a liniiteil ediieation. After servinj; for 
nine months in Company 11, Twenty-lirst Re<;i- 
meiit. New .leisiy N'ohniteers. lie came to 
'I'renton in l>^l'i") and o|icne(l a irrocerv store at 
thi' collier nl' ISrnad and I lanover streets. Israel 
i liiidrieksoii was assoeiated with Mr. Lriidi in 
tills Imsiiiess. 'I'his linn was eoiitinueil inilil 
1 ^7'J. whrii the liiisine^s was sold to the Stapler 
Krothers. The linn of 1 leiidriekson iV- l,(i;;li 
next turned their attention to the iiiateh iii- 
dustrv, which was then almost w liollv iinknown 
in 'rrciitoii. They huilt a factory oii South 
Stockton street ami commenced the maniifac- 
ture of matches. 'l"wo years thei-cafter this 
linn was dissolveil ami Mr. Lc-iizh carried mi 
the eiiterpri>e hy himself until ISSH, wlieli he 
(piit the husiness. Ahout INSO >rr. r>eiLdi in- 
auLiuratcd another industry in Trenton, the 
makiii!.' of jiapcr ho.xes. Tliis was a new husi- 
ness in Trenton and it soon heeaine most profit - 
ahlc. lie is also the proprietor of one of the 
lai'Lic'st private hoanliiitr stahles in Trenton, 
situated on South Stockton street, ahout a 
sipiari' ahove the hox factory. Mr. I.eiLiii was 
married in IM'ili to Sarah .M. Ilai't, of Kwinif 
township. 

IICTCHINsri.N 1,KI<JH, 




MosKs (!oi.i)i.\(; was hoin in En.iilaml, on July 1 Ith. isi'.t. lie came to .\merica on Octolicr 
•2<l, IS.jO, and located in Tr.'iiton. He received in Eiejlaml a thorou.uh conmion-.^ehool education, 
su|ipleiiiciited hv an extensive course in mechanical drawintr. His first ]iosition in this country 
was with the Fairmoiuit U.illin;: Mill, in I'eiinsylvania. He next went to (■iiieinnati. I. ut returned 
and secured a iiositioii with the Caimleii and Amhoy llailroail Coniiiany, wliii-h he left to 
accept a jiositioii with the Trenton Iron ('..mpaiiy. In IS.').") he coinmeiieed for himself the 
ruiiiiin;:- of a general machiuc husiness, in which he continued until the clo^c of the late 
w.-ir. Mr. Coldin- was married on Decianher '-'Ith, IS-'V.I, to Eli/.aheth C.M.k. of Eiii.dand. 
He was a nieiiiher of the Comnioii Camcil of ( ■liamhershurt:. In ISlio he opened the lirst 
Mint and s|.ar works of Tn'iitoii. and has since conducted liis husiness with success. He 
lirst conducted it cntin'ly after Kn-lish methods. Later he conceived ideas of imiirove- 
iiieiits on the Alsiiii;- cylinder -rimlini;- machine. His ideas were transfonned into models 
and are now valuahle patents. .Viiothcr of Mr. ( h.ldiii'i's jiatents is a shaft for clay heds, 
whii'h, like the .ylindcr improvements, is in practical use, and a source of lar.ire income to the 
patentee. In l.ssi, his sons assoeiatinu' themselves with him, a company was fonned under the 
name of The Coldinj: tV Sons Company. The eompaiiy runs three mills. One is in Trenton. 
another in Ea.st Liverpool, Ohio, and the third in Ilockessin, Delawan'. The lloekessin mills 
prejiare only china clay, which, togi'ther with the ColdiiiL's" Hint ami sjiar, is sliipi>ed to all jiottery 
l)oint.s. The company is hy far the larjie.st of its kind in the I'nited States. The Tnntoii aii.l East 
Liverpool uiills alone iirejiare flint and spiir. grinding the (|uarried rocks into a very line jiowder. 
The material is obtained chiefly from France, England, I'enu.sylvania, New York and Maine. The 
Trenton mill is a large iirick structure, with extensive <;rounds for storage of immense piles of the 
raw material, located lietween the Water Power and the Delaware river, in the rt'ar of Thompson's 
Hour mills, ^h: (Jolding's sons assoeiated with him are William, who is the Su]ierintemlent of tho 
Trenton mills ; Edwin, of the Hoekcssin mills, and Mose.s, Jr., of the East Liverpool mills. 



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Mo.^lvS lilll.llIMI. 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



311 



Chetwood Bird. — Tlic lato Clietwuoil Bird was lidrn in rniun (•(niiity. New Jcrscv, in Novem- 
l)i'r, l.S3y. His (.'(luratii)ii was ac(|uin'il at tlic' distrirt sclmcl ;il Wdcidlii-idiii', u lien- iic' li-arncd the 
carpentor trade. Ur latrr ((inducted tlic lundx-r luisincss at Kli/alictli. Cuniiiii: to 'i'Tcntdii al.diit 
thirteen years aiid. he ]ii'(ijeeted a cai'iict-clcaiiinii otalilislmieiil. usinii U>f liiis )iur|i(ise a huildin,^ 
on Factfjry street. As a novel venture, the success of the cntcr|iri-e, with its carefullv-(h-si,i;n<>d 
machinery, was assured. Mr. Bird died Fehniary L'l'd, is'.t:;, since which time .Mr-, iiird lias car- 
ried on the husiness with the assistance of Mr. F. ('. Hancock, the niauai;cr. Mr. I '.ird .served and 
fought in Company B, Thirtieth New Jersey N'olunteers, secin<;- service for one vear. He attended 
the First Presbyterian Church. He married, June I'Sth, ISi;."), Itachel S. Luster, of Elizaheth, New 
Jersey. 

TiroM.vs M. Terr.vdell was horn in Vardleyvillc. Pcmisylvania. in the year lS.")-_). Residini; 
there for four years, he came to Trenton. His life is chcckcicd ami intcre-tiirj. startin;j as a hoot- 
hlack and newsboy. Dm'inti the early part of 
the late war his face was familiar to the soldier- 
of Camp Perrine, where he spent much i^f his 
time as a .Jack-of-all-tradcs. He then entered 
a pottery. During the earlici- poi-tion of hi- 
career he formed a strong attachment for liau 
Rice, the veteran clown, and many a "luin" 
the two men did at the circus. Itcturuing to 
tlie more serious walks of life he mo\-c(l to 
Lambertville and entered the employ of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Company a> lireman. in 
which cajiacity he served on the eclchi-atcil 
locomotive '" I'lclmont," one of the first in 
America, and the mate to the " .lohimy Bull." 
He afterward became the engineer of the same 
engine. Altogetln^r he was an engineer seven- 
teen years, during which jierioil he handled 
coal, freiglit and ]iassenger trains. When he 
left the railroad he cinbai-kecl in the wooil-sell- 
ing trade. In those days the potteries hui-ne(l 
wood, which they procm'cd from the wagons of 
the farmers in the vicinity. .Mi'. Teiiadcll coii- 
ceivc(l the idea of serving the various potteries 
with this product, and his venture was a coni- 
])lete success. Later he built the Terradcll 
Temperance House, at Hopewell, refuting the 

idea that such a house would not ]iay. He neiMv-.M. i i 

also owns the Terradcll Flats and the Tci-|-adell 

Storage Warehouse, grain elevator and wood mill, and was President of the I'cmisylvania Itelief 
Department for two terms at the time of its organization, and has .just hcen elccti'd again to that 
ollicc for the third time. llcmarric(l Fninia Lorctta Leigh, of Ibipcwcll, New Jersey. 

KnwiN H. (iiN.NKi.i.KV was horn in Trenton in \sC,\. He was ed\icate(l in N'irginia and was 

graduated fr the Dental Deiiartmcnt of the National Cnivcrsity of Washington. D. C.. in ISSC. 

The following year he came to Trenton and a^sociatcil himself with Dr. ilellyer, with whom lie 
continued until December 1st. IS'.ti'. .\t that time he opened an ollice for himself at No. ■_'■". h'-ast 
State street, second floor, where lie has a very large, comfortable waiting-room and a thorougldy- 
cquippcd oj)erating-room. During the two years that he has lieen alone he has built up a very 
large and lucrative ]iracticc, and has great rca.son to congratulate himself upon his success. On the 
twenty-eighth of .\ugust, bS<)4, he was married to Mabclla L. i'ainter, of this city. Dr. (dnnelley 
is a young man of a great deal of promise. He is genial and |ilcasanl in his niannci-, always genlle- 
inaidy and considerate in his treatment, thoroughly skillol in all branches of his profession, and 
very popular among the best class of people in the city. He is rapidly achieving the success which 
all who know him felt sure would be his. 




312 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



William W. Stki.lk was bora iu l'liilailtl|)lii;i ii]icin tin- l^lli of Octuhur, l^."!!;. His early 
oducatioii was ohtaiiu'd iu tho pulilic scliools nf that rity. WIk u a very younjjr man he rciudvcd 
til I'rincL'ton, New Jersey, where he was a chik in a statii)iiery store. Soon thereafter 15aUiniore 

hecanie his rcsiih'uee, wlicrc he acted in the same eajiacity, returninii' to Princeton after liavintr t n 

awav two vears. Jn tlie year ISfJ.') lie entered Princeton Hank, liuMinj; a position as 'rcMcr. In 
ISfiit Trenton saw him a resi(K'nt. and lieve he secm-ed a situation in tiie Mcclianics National Hank, 
llis devotion to the interests of tli<' hank brouirht him the irood will of its oflicials. who steadily 
iiromoted him. The |iositions of Receiving Teller. I'ayinii- Telhr and .\ssistant Cashier have all 

heeii lille(l by Mr. Stelle, and cuhniiiated in his a|i])oint nt to the rrsponsihle ollice of Casluer. 

whicli position he has held since ISS:? with threat credit to himself and profit to the hank. In tins 
respect, Mr. Stelle has heeii coiniectc(l with the liaid< for more than a (|n.arti'r of a century. Xo 
sooner was Mr. Stelle a resident of Trenton than he tonk an aitivi- interest in its welfare, lie 
joined the Board of Trade and worked for the city's irrowth and piosperity with cominendalile /.cal 
and earnest jun-jiose. For o\<'r twenty years he has Keen the .'^eci-etary of the Koanl. whicli fact 
alone jiroves the esteem with which his services and personality aii' held hy his i'ellow-nienihers. 
lie is a thorough .lerscvman. ami his line of ancestors on the paternal side <lates hack to 1()S2. when 
Pontius Stelle came to this country from France, securing lands in what is now Piscataway town- 
slii|j, in Middlesex county. New .Icrscy. ,V large part of these lands is still in ])ossession of the 
Stelle familv. ^Ir. Stelle mari-icd in ISo'.t, and hail three children — two daughters and a son. l*'re<l- 
crjcl^ — all of whom arc living. The latter rc'ccntly passeil a successful course of stmly at Princeton 
College, studied law in New ^'ork and lately has heeii admitted to the hai' in that city. 



C. ICnwAlMi Ml i.'i.'A'i' wa- horn iu l.amhert ville, 
New .lcrse\-. .luly 17th. isii-'l, hut came to Trenton 
liefo|-e he was two years old. lie was educated in 
tlu' New .Icrscv state Model S<'hool and the Trenton 
Pusiiicss College, and I'lirly in hfe engaged in manu- 
facturing. In ISS'J his father, .1. Howard Murray. 
starti-d a rul>her mill in this city. In 1SS4 C. ICdward 
.Murray was admitted to the tirm. under tin/ name of 
.1. Howard Murray ^- ."^on. remaining until IS^?. when, 
hv the admission nf Mr. Itichard I!. W'hitihead. the 
name of thelii'iii was changed to Mni-iay, W'hitehcail 
A .Murraw For six years it was so continued. In 
ISOo Charles K. Murray houglit the interests of the 
other mciiiheis of the tirm. and has since conducted 
the olalilishnicnt under the old name, hut is himself 
the soil' proprietor. The husincss is eoiitined chiclly to 
the rcclaimim: iif old ruhhcr. .Mr. Murray is also inter- 
ested ill the Crescent Insulated Wire and Cahle Com- 
paiiv. which was organized in ISHl. ami of which he is 
<.iie of the heaviest stockholders. As a yotnig man. he 
is extremelv active and ]iro.2ressivt'. .Mr. .Murray has served on the School Roard. lilling the 
unexjiired term of llnraci' Riddle. Last siu'ing he was aiijiointcd City Clerk hy tln' ItcpuMic-m 
Council. Ho has always taken an active interest in politics. In h^ss he was married to Floy, 
daughter of Surrogate' .lohn W. Cornell. 

Tuic T.WLOR Puovisio.x CoMP.wv, which is regarded as one of the most important of Trenton's 
commercial interests, was organized in 1.S88, with ex-Senator .lohn Taylor, one of the hest-known 
citizens of the State, as President, and his son, William T. Tayhir, as Secretary. The comi>any 
makes a .sjjccialty of jmnlsions, fertilizer and live stock. In the manufacture of fertilizer, the 
com])any huys the raw material and prepares it for the market. The trade of the comiiany extends 
throughout New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The liu>iness increases yearly ; last year 
the sales aggregating $200,()0(). Their plant is located on Perrinc avenue, and is connected with 
tlu Pennsylvania railroad hy a private siding. The two main departments arc the fertilizer ami 
the jirovision huildings, the dimen.'^ions of the former hcing thirty-four hy one hundred and 
twenty-five feet, and of the latter, thirty-tive hy one lnmdred and ten feet. 




C. Kl>\\ -vuit An Ult.w . 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



313 



jAciir, T.. Kai'ics was lidni in Tri'iitim in llir yrai- |.s7I. After i;i'ai!ii:itin,i.r fnini tlir ]i\ililir 
schodls, he cntiTcil the Trcntim Ili.uli Sclnnil. wlna-r liis l'"ni;lisli (MlucalidU was creilitahly C(ini- 
])li_'t('(l. He toiik a cdursc of instructiiMi in Stewart iV llanniinnirs llusincss ('dllciic, and u]ion 

IraNillL; the latfel', lie cntiTcil till' ('ni|iluv nf Ills 

fatliei', who was eniiairoil in a lai'Lix' wlmlesalc 
anil retail trade in iivepared liani, sausage, t^-e. , 
on I'rineeton avenue, cunaT nf Kuse street. 
Here the knowledge lie had nlitaineil was jint 
to a very practical test, to tlie end tliat ()etnlier 
1st, 1S94, his father retired fmni aeli\-e worl^; 
and left the younu' man, not yet ino|-e than 
twenty-three years ohh the entire Imsiness. 
.Mr. Kafes has an extensive traile in salt anil 
fresh meats, jxmltryand kindred ediMes. His 
father, Jaeoli Kafes, eanie tn 'rrentmi from 
(iermany in 1S4I>. He leai-ned the huteher 
hu.siness. and in ISHl i)|iened a stnre mi tlie 
site now iieen|>ie(l hv his sun. lie is imu' 
enL;a,L:ed in raisini:' thornnuhlired Imi'ses, haxinu' 
j)urehased a stock farm nf mie linndnd and 
twenty acres in Hamilton towiislii]i for that 
jmrpose. He was a menilur ot ('omninn 
t'oiincil for seven years and has served ten 
years on the Board of Chnsen I''i-eeliiiiiiei-s. 

Hti.ii M. Sw.w/.ic was Imrn in .Mon'is 

county, New Jersey, July L'lst, 1S4'.). After 

ol)taining a good edncation in the schools of 

his neighhorliood, he learned marhie-eutting at 

Hackettst(.)wn, New Jersey. In l.S7-_!. he came 

to Trenton and worked at his trade. In 1S.S4, 

lu' o|>enc(l a marhle-yard at Nos. 'JCi and '2>^ South Stoektun sti'eet, where he is at jiresent located. 

After thirty years' practical cx|ierience as a niailile-wnrker. l\lr. Swayze is cnnspicuous for his skill 

in execution and good taste in designing. In politics, 

Mr. Swa\ze is a itcpuhlican and a mcmlier of tlu> City 
IJe|iuliliean I'^xecutivc Connnittec. He is now serving 
a seciind teliii on the lloai'd nf (lioscu Freeholders. 

.\^'rIln^^• A. Skiiim was lini-n in 'i'rentnn, (.)ctoher 

|.;tli, ISII. lie was educated ilia private school and 

also in the |iiil)lic M-honls and the llutgers (irainniar 

School, of Ne\\ lliunswick. lie later entered Fish \- 

(ireen's saw mill, where he remained until ISIJ], 

when he enlisted in Company C, Third New Jersey. 

.\s a l!epiihlican, Mr. Skirin has helil several jnililic 

^L --sii^iiHL positions. I le was .\ssessor for the Second ward from 

^^^^f^K ^^^^T^^ '''^''~ '" '"""'■ '" '■'""'' '"' "''^ clccti'd to Comnron 

^^HB^ '^^^JB^^^^ Council fnr three years, and was re-elected for a similar 

■^^BS^ \ ■'^^^^^^^BP^ I,,, -III j,| \s~\). Again, in 1SS7, he was a mcnilier of 

Cnuncil, He was chaii-man of the special committee 
appointi'd locstahlish a system of lire alarms for Trenton, 
and was deeply interested in the electric light am] city 
raihvav svstems. Trenton owes much of its improved 
condition to Mr. Skirm. In h^S!) he w;is I'lccted .Mayor, 
ficrving for two years, and in April, ]S'.)i2, he was appointed hy Mayor I'.echtel as a mcml)er of the 
Board of Puhlic Works. On Deeemher 2;}d, I Sill, he mairicd Kachcl .Myer.s, of New Brunswick. 




Hl-iiH M. S\v.\v/.l-: 




314 



TlIK CITY OF TRENTON. 



Thomas Ekiilix Raub was l>oni in Easton, Pennsylvania, in ISoO. He was cilucateil in the 
])ul)lie schdols of Easton anil afterward at the Eastman ]5usiness C'olle,<re, in I'ouglikeepsie, New 
York. For several years lu' was telegra]>h operator and ticket agent at Pliillipsl)ur<r and Stoekton. 
In ISS"), lie was transferred l>y the conijiany to tlie \\'arren street station, Ti'enton. For six years 
lie was tlie faithful representative of the eompany. Tiring of railroad life, he resigned, and in 
Mareli ISUl, he fdi-nieil a pai'tuershi]) with Asher \\'ilson undn- the tii'iu name cif Wilson i\: Raul). 
This firm handleil coal and hundle kindling-wood, and was sueeessftd. Latrr, tliry <iiss(ilvrd ]iart- 
nersldp, when Mr. Rauh removed the husiness to tlie ol<l stand, 8"_'<i I'erry sti-i-rt. wiiere he is still 
located. Mr. I'auh is a itepuhUian, hut not an aetive ]iartisan. Ho is Past Master of Ashlar 
Lodge, No. 7(i, F. an<l A. -M., an<l is also Past Itegent of the Capital City Cduniil. No. :)!)2. Royal 
Areanum. He is a nuMuher of the Third Preshyterian Cliureh, and an artivc worki-r in the ehureh 
and Young i'eo])lr's Society. In 1874, he married Helen Datesman, of ICaston, Pennsylvania. 
Thev have four children. Maurice ])., Anna l^iizalictli. .1. Staidey and Helioi. 



#^ 



.ToUN II AW rnoit.N was horn in England in Noveniher. 1S,",2. He located in 'i'l'enlon in l.S(iS, 
when ,\merican ]Hitting was making its lirst suhstantial steps. l'"or twenty years, in iMigland, Mr. 

Hawthorn had Ihm'ii huilding pottery kilns. His life 
stud\- lias Keen that ll'ade which has heen followeil hy 
liis family for two and a half centuries. In fact, he is 
the oldest English kiln-huilder in this country. .Vll 
the .\ineriean kiln-lmildei's hi're served under him as 
a]iprentii-es. Pronnnently identilied with kiln-huild- 
ing in .\merica, he has the distinction of liaving huilt 
all the older kilns in Ti'cnton. In England, in lS(iO, 
^Ir. Hawthorn invented a hot-air condiustion kiln, for 
which he made a r(>putation. His most notahle work 
i~ tlie iiniiition of the hydro-cai'li<iu kiln, jiatenteil 
in England and .\nierica in IS'.H, 'ruilve of these 
remark.ahlc kilns ai-e in operation. .Mr. Hawthorn 
studied livilrogeii as one of the most inipoitant inllam- 
mahlc -\ilistances, yet one the least used. He was ini- 
jiressed with the scientilic fact that a large percentage 
of heat fi-ohi fuel uselessly i-scapcs. The coinliiued 
action of steam and air supjilicd in the kiln is c-dcu- 
lated to clTcct a great saving of fuel. The liydrogen. 
comhiued with the carhon of the coal, produces a heat 
designed to thoroughly hake potti'ry. largely reducing 
the losses from cracked ware, preserving tlie color and eliminating crazing. .Mr. Hawthorn has 
his residence an<l ollice at o'l-l Perrv street. 




.Ti'tiN H AW rilnicN 



Maimin Ki:i;<^.\.n. Si;., was liiuii in li-eland in \^-V>. and came to .\merica in 1S.')2. He li>eated 
in Trenton, and worked tifteen years as a machinist for Cooper. I lew ilt A' Company. For three 
years following, he was witli ['\>Un\ &: Miller, hardware dealers, who weri' loeateil in the store now 
occupied hy F. S. Katzenhach it Comjiany. C<io]ier. Hewitt it Comjiany also employed him to 
travel in their interest. In 1^711, he started in the coal husiness. which he suci'essfully operated for 
six year.s. Entering upon the calling of contractor for street paving, he lai<l some of the lirst 
Telford )i;ivemenl in the city of Trenton. When the old City I'.ailway Company was in operation, 
Mr. Keegau was made tlie Assistant Superintendent and held the situation several years. Hi' is a 
Democrat in i>olitics and takes an active interest in his jiarty. In the years lSi;S-71, lie was a 
inemher of the Common Council, during which time he was Chairman of the Law and Ordinance 
Committee. In 1>^71, he was elected a niemhcr of the Hoard of Freeholders. He was apjiointed 
Street Commi.ssioner in 1.S74 and held the position two years. For five years he acted as Justice 
of the Peace, and since ISSi) has served on the City Hoard of .Vsscssim's. He is connecteil with 
the Mi'i-cer County Democracy, and served on the City and County Democratic I'"xecutive 
Committees. 




Thomas E. Raub. 



THE CITY OF TREXTOX. 



315 



I, oris ('nrTiKi! was lMirn in ( MTiiiaiiy. .Marrli 17lli. I>i47. His paroiits removed to (his countrv 

wlieli he was (Jlily six years of aue. ami loealril in l'liilailc'l|iliia, wlierc lie allrnileil tlie pulilic 

schools for several yi^ars. W'lieii tlie ('i\-il war lu<ike 

out lie enlisted for three years a~ dniniincr iioy in ('oin- 

jianv I, SeN'enty-seeond Keginient, l'ennsyl\ania \'ol- 

unteers, luit liis parents olijeeted so stronL;ly on account 

of his age — fourteen years — tliat lie was honoralily ili^- 

charged after serving aliout lifteen months. Prior to 

liis enlistment, lie was learning the harher trade, and 

aftc^r his discliarge from the army he went to Xew York 

C'itv and again took uji that trade, lie worked as .jour- 

nevman several years, and then ojiened a shop in Xcw 

"^'otk ( it V, whiili he conducted almut four yt-ars. In 

1^71. he came to Trenton and opened the "Trenton 

House liarlier Simp,'" where he is still locat<'d. Mi-. 

C'outier has figured prominently in political circles. 

He was Excise License Inspector four years, I'olice.his- 

tice 1886-87, Coroner of ]\Iercer county in IS'.IO, and 

re-elected Police .lustii-c in 1S94, which position he is 

at present filling. He was made an active memlier of 

the old Trenton Hose Comjiany in 1S7l*, and lat<'r was 

elected its Foreman and Assistant Chief of Fiic Dcjiart- 

ment. l.s7li-77. ^Ir. Coutier is a popular and leading 

memlier of the numerous (lerman societies and organizations of this city. He is President of 

the Social Turn-\'erein. Treasurer of the Faeilertafcl Singing Society, a memher of the Lieder- 

kranz and T'nited (leiinan Singing Societies, the Sa'iigerliund, East Trenton Maanierchor and the 

Schw;eliisclier Volksfcst X'crcin. He is also a mendier 
of the Indeiicndent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of 
Pythias, Volunteer Fire Association, honorary mendier 
of the Xcw Jersey State Fire Association, memher of 
the Trenton Benevok'ut Society of Scci-ct Orders, and 
the ^fercer County Democratic Cluh. in .March. ISO."), 
he was married to Eliza Hernhart, of Mal.awan, New 
.lersev. Foin- sons and one daughter have lieen horn 
to them. 




li")ris t.'dr'iiKU. 




.Iacoi; C. ;\rAri,i' was horn at I'msjiect Plains, 
New .lersev, Maivh -I'.'A, IS-Jo, and soon removed 
to Piin<'eton, where his lioyhood and youth were 
spent. lie i-eecivcd his education at a iirivate 
school in I'rini-cloii. He early developed a liking for 
nieclianieal work. and. through his ahility and skill in 
handling tools, he hecamc expert in working in wocjd. 
.\l one time he thought .seriously of learning the jew- 
elrv trade, for which he showed considci'ahlc apti- 
tude. .\liandoniiig this project, he came to Trenton 
.and studied dentistry. In IMl' he hecamc apprenticed 
to Dr. .Matthews. Foster, .\fter serving Ki'. Foster for four year>. he wa^ <-ontinue(I in the otlice 
and lal.oratory as operator and workman for another four years. In IM'.) he started an ..llice for 
himself, instate street, nearly opjiositc the present Post Oilice huilding. in ISdO lie removed to 
his recent locati.m. No. 7 Wc-t Stat.' street, and now resides at No. Kto W.st State street. For 
many years Dr. .Maple was one of the leading dentists in Trenton. Alxuit live years ago lie gave 
uj) the practice of operative dentistry. He has made several improvements in the methods of 
dentistry, hut, as he is a generous and lil.cral man, he has freely given the j.rofcssion tlie heiiefit 
of his discoveries. Dr. .Majilc is the oldest original memher living, exi-ept one, of the Thu'il 
Presbyterian Church. 



.lA< ..!■. C. M \rl,l-. 



316 



THE CITY OF Ti;i:.\T()X. 



\\'ii.i,iA.M Jl. Lee wa.s Ijorii in the county n 
educated in a country school, and worked on a fa 




William II. Lke. 



f Mercer, New Jersey, in tlie year 18-12. He was 
rni until ho was seventeen years of age. Then he 
came to Trenton and learned the cariK'uter 
trade with Charles Xutt. with whom he served 
two years. Soon al'ti^r the Hehellion com- 
menced Mr. Lee enlisted as private in Coni- 
jiany B, Fourteenth Reginu-nt, New Jersey 
N'ohintcers. The Fourteenth served three 
yeai-s, through the hloodiest engagements, and 
was in ahcjut thirty liattlee and skirmishes. Of 
the 950 men mustered, all tliat returned were 
liut '2S0. Mr. Lee conducted hims<'lf witli 
uoticeahle courage; and hravcry. ;uid won hon- 
iiralilc ]>romotion, c<iming home as Sergeant. 
.Vt'tei- the close of 1h( war .Ml-. i>ee returned to 
his trade, wdrking foi- Tiins A' Conrad, and, 
later, liccoming foreman for William (Juick, 
which position lie occupied fur sixteen years. 
i-^ix yc'ars ago he started in husiness for him- 
r-ilf. liut, two years since, took a jiartuer — .Mr. 
i'lirson — doing a ti'acle as carpenters and huild- 
rrs and jicneral cunti'actors midcrthelirm name 
of Peirson A" Li'c. in .May. IMil. Mv. i.ii' was 
.ippninted IJuililing ]hs])ectoi- for the cit\' of 
I'reiiton. Ilis practical knowledge of the 
liuil<ling trade makes him a most excellent 
ollicial. Ill I'^fiT. lie marrii'd I-'stlicr L. Law- 
rence, of Lawreiiceville. 



F.n\v.\i;n lL\i(iiis Stokes came to Trenton in 1S40 from Moore.-^town, Burlington comity, New 
Jersey, where he was horn. l''or a nuniher of yi'ars he was one of the leading photographers and 
picture dealers of this cit\'. lie also served the city as a nieiiilier of the School lioanl for a long 
time and was President of that hody for live years. For a long term he was a memher of the 
Board of Watta- Commissioners. Mr. Stokes is one of the oldest Odd Fellows in this city, having 
joined Trenton Loclge. No. .'!. ahont fifty years ago. lie has since transferri'd his luemhcrship to 
Fred. I). Stuart Lodge. No. l.")4. Some time after coming to Trenton Mr. Stokes married l\'rmelia 
S., daugliter of ex-Mayor J()se])li Wood, of Trenton. Since IStiO, ^Ir. ami Mrs. Stokes have resided 
in that historic mansion on South A\"arreii street known as " Woodlawn." Here six children have 
t)een horn to them, only three <if wlioiii are now living. Their only daughter. Marion II., is now 
the wife of Charles Swan, of I'liiladelpliia. Their two sons, Edward Ansley and .John Woolverton 
Stokes, are ])roniinent young men in this city, the former a memher of the legal fraternity and the 
latter a real estate hroker. "Woodlawn'' has heen the home of very many prominent j)eoj)le, 
among whom may he mentioned the family ipf Treiits. .lolni Cox, a drsceiidant of Governor Cox; 
Governors ]\Iorris, Diekerson and Price, Mr. .lames M. Uedinoiid, Mr. .los(|ili Wood, ex-]Mayor of 
this city, and the jiresent owner. Nearly all of the celehratrd nun of this emmtry. from 1720 to 
the jiresent, have heen entertained in this hospitahle home. The Ikiusc was rebuilt as early as 
1720, tlie brick used in its construction being imjiorted. In tliose days the property formed ipiite 
an estate, comprising over two hundred acres, and was called Kingsbury, a name which was later 
clianged to Bloomsliury. Gradually it has been reduced to its present j>ro))ortioiis, wliicli are still 
am](le. The name "^\'oodIawn" is. indeed, very a])i)roi)riate, for the beautiful lawn is thickly 
covered with noble trees, many of them ]ilanted nearly two centmaes ago. 

John Wooi^vehtox Stokes, youngest son of Ivlward II. Stokes, Esquire, of " ^\'oodlawn," 
was liorn in that historic Trent mansion in ISGi). He was educated at the Trenton High School 
and later took a thorougli course at Riders Business College. In 1888 he ojiened a real e.-^tate and 
insurance oflico in the Trenton Saving Fund Society building, where he is at present located. 




Kiiw AUi> H. r^i'-\< 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



317 



In cciiinrTticin with real rslalc ami iiisuraiii-c iiialt<'i-s, lie i-c|in'sc'iits liis fatlirr in tlio latter .s exten- 
sive local property intirrsts. in cullrctinii- rents. insui-iiiL; |ii-(i|icrtirs. nriiotiatinji- loans, invest- 
inii- money and liuyin-i' and selliui: stocks, Mr. Stokes has a lariic rlicntaiic. He is a I)ireet<ir of 
the Standard Fire Insurance ('oni|iany. lie is fond of hm-scs and lias a tli(ironL;hly-c(|iii])|iccl 
stahle. In social life .Mr. Stokes is well known not only in 'i'nntoii Imt in .\ew York and I'hiladel- 
jihia, in the lattei- city hcinu a nieinhei- oF the ( icrniantown Ciiekel Chili. In musical eircles ho 
liijoys a i-e|intation as a vocalist, and has organized an amateur company of talenteil Tri'ntunians, 
wiio give evening entei'tainnicnts in the vicinity of the 
capital. He is also the possessor of much histrionic 
ahility. 

.T.\cor> lU.ArTii was lioi-ii in (iermany, ,\pi'il (llli, 
1849, and eanie to the l'nite<l Stati's on .\pril I'Jth. 
lSo5, settling in Trenton, Centre Street I'liMic School 
furnished him hi- ediii;itioii. In ]SIV2. desiring to 
ae(illire a trade, he entered lln' >liop of a llaiio\-ei- 
street harher. In .^hlreh, 1^7'-', he opeiieil a shop 
of his own at No. 1-") Ccntii' stieet, which he has 
since successfully condnclcil. lie resides at ooo .^outli 
Ih-oad strr'et. Politically .Mr. I'.lantli is a I >enioci;it. 
He was elected a niendier of Conniion Council in ISS-'l. 
ser\ing until l.SSG. The lirst yeai' of his ollieial life he 
served on the Poor Committee, was on the Printing 
Committee the sei-oiiil, and tlii' tliini was place(| on the 
City Hall Coniniittee. discharging his duties ci<dil,il)ly. 
He was again honored in l.S'.i;; hy his election on the 
F.xcise Board, and is now its presiding ollieer. 




IIk.nhv .1. Buirns was horn in Wiightstowii. .Vcw .Ti'rscy. in is.").'i. Kaiiy developing a tahait 

for music he was given a few lessons on the organ. .Vfterward he walked io I'.ordciilow n, a distance 

ot si.\ miles or more, to take lessons from a inusic- 

^ teacher there When a young man of nineteen he 

took the agency for an organ and traveled tlii'ougli 
Pinlington county, giving lessons and selling organs. 
.\t till' same lime he was organist in the Jaeohstown 
Paptist Chm'ch. In issi) he opened a music stoi'c in 
.Mount Holly and is slill llie pinpi-jctor of ,-i large husi- 
ncss there. .Soon aflei- this he opened a hranch store 
at .\sl>ni'y Park and (hat store is still unilia- his control. 
In ISS'.I he came to Trenton ami openeil a music store 
here. On account of its gi'cat popularity as a musical 
rcsoi't his store has come to he known as the "Palace 
of .Music.'' (iuite recently he lias removed to the largo 
an<l elegant store Xo. P!l) ICast State street. He is not 
only a musician of tin- highest order hut he is also a 
singci- of recognized aliility. For some time lie lia.s 
lieen the hass soloist of the choir ill llic State Street 
.Nlcthoilist Kpiscojial Chui'ch and Musical Director in 
the Sunilay-school of that churcli. His services are in 
demand as leailer of singing at conventions and other 
)iul)lic meetings. Ho is a niemher of tiie Mondel.s.sohn 
Choral Inion, and a memixr and Steward of the St;ito 

Street Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1S7S Mr. P.urtis married Carrie C. .Jolies, of I'ointville, 

New Jersey. Thoy have had eight children, six of whom are living. 




IlKN'UV .1. BCHTIH. 



31S 



THE CITY OF THEXTOX. 



John W. CouNKi.L was born in Kwinji townslup, Mercer (■(Hiiity, N'l'w .lrr<cy. in ls|l. lie 
received his earlv edueation at country schools and was afterward a student at W'ilKraliani. .Massa- 
chusetts, and other seminaries. He taught school ahout four years, ami in ISi;.") came to Trenton 
and engaLred in the real estate business, whic'h he conducted for aliout four years more. He ne.\t 
engaged in the sale of agricultural implements and seeds. lie was in this business for fifteen years, 
being located on North Warren street, one door south of the Trenton House. When he entered 
the l)usiness the lirm name was Hlackwcll it Coni]iany. It so eontinueil for two years, wiun it 
became .1. W. Cornell i»i- Comiiany, and consisted of Mr. Cornell and Mr. M. II. Tomlinson. In 
1SS4 Mr. Cornell disposed of his interest in the business to Mr. Tondinson. .Mr. Cornell was 
elected Surrogate of Mcrci'r comity in IS.'^l. and is now serving his third ti'i'in in that oliice, having 

been re-elected in IS'.'l by .'), OS!) majority. He served 
as Assessor of the l'"irst ward for a numlier of years, 
and has long been a ineiiiber of the Tn'iiton Board of 
Trade. In l-Sfi.") Mr. Cornell married Alice (ialc, of 
( 'uinlierlaiid cnunty. 

CiiAiM.Ks \. I!i;iii was Imrii in Midillcscx county, 
New .lersey. in ISoi;. lie came to Ti-ciitoii in ISSO^ 
and entered a grocery store, wliere he workecl seven 
vears. lieing iiiterc>st(^d in ]iolitics. in .January. ISSS, 
he |inirurc(l the position of CI. rk of the City District 
(■lurt, and in June of the same year was ai)iiointed 
to liis jireseiit position. Secretary and Treasurer of the 
board of Watii- Coiimiissioiiers. In .\pril lie entered. 
a> partner, the wholesale grocery tiriii of llrowii. Stout 
A- Companv, and is still partner in that concern. In 
the vcar \s'.)-2 he was united in marriage to Miriam W. 
banning, daughter of Joseph Y. Lanning, Esipiirc. 
LH.Mu.K. A. KK,,.. President of the Broad Street National Bank. 




Cii.\i!i.i:s 1'. Knvo.N- was liorn at Morrisville. Pennsylvania, July I'.tth, bSJl. His education 
was obtained at the ])ulilie ,<ehool. .\t the age of fourteen he entered the dry goods and grocery 
store of Isaac' Parsons, in Morrisville. In Pliilailel- 
phia, at the age of eighteen, he found employment 
in a ci)achmaking factory. .Vftcr llnishing this trade 
he procured a ])ositioii stocking lilies at the Arms 
and Ordnance Works, in Ti-eiitoii. lb' next learned 
pattern-making. He again maile Philadelphia the 
scene of his laiiors. but soon came to Trenton at the 
solicitation of Charles Carr, then of the Phrenix Iron 
Works. After a year he was olTered the jiosition of 
foreman at the pattern shoji of the New Jersey Steel 
and Iron Com]ianv, which jiosition he has held ever 
since. In politics Mr. Kitsoii is a Democrat. In b'^iSl 
hi' was elected to Council from the Fourth ward, served 
on the Finance Committee and the eonunittee that had 
charge of the remodeling of the City Hall. In ISS:] he 
was made President of Council, luit in the following 
year he refused another nomination. ^Ir. Kitson is a 
member of South Trenton Lodge, No. oG, Independent 
Onler of Odd Fellows, and lias fille<l all its otiices. He L 
was also a charter member of Knights of Pythia.s Lodge 
No. ?, of Philadelphia. In 1894 Mayor Shaw ai)])ointed 
-Mr, Kitson as Police Commissioner. I'pon the completion of the term he was re-ap|ioiiiteil by 
the ]irt'sent Pepubliean Mayor, Hon. Emory N. Yard, and is still sc'rving in that capacity. In 
lb(J3 ho married Andrcss G. Mitchell, and has three children, two sons and one daughter. 




Cmaui.ks p. Kitson. 




J(IHN W. COBNELL. 



THE CTTY OF TRENTON. 



319 




^ >\ V III AN (.'itXDN, SK. 



Jonathan C'oxcin, Sr., was Ihh-ii in Kn-hniil. AultusI .''1st. ISIiT. Ho cainf- to .\incri(;a at tho 

age of seven. liM-itiiiii- in .lerscy City. wIhtc lie resided several years. He attended tlie .lersev City 

])ulilie selidiils. I'lieuee he nmved tn llaltinmre, sunn 

returninu U< .lersey City. Healsn lived eiiiliteen iimntlis 

in Benningtim. \'erniiiiit. Finally lie eanie In "Prenlnii, 

in 18G3, and liavinu' a kniiwledi;e uf the |intter\- hnsi- 

ness he heeanie foreman nf tlie Cnxcm iV- Tliiini|i,-un 

Enijiire ]iiitterv. 'Mv. Cuxcm then aeee|ited siniilai- 

pdsiticins with the Ott i\: ]>rewer Cmnpany ami the 

Mercer piittery. He .suhse([Uently was ((iniieeted with 

the Greenwood Puttery Company, Ueini;- ti'udered 

the position of (General Manager fni- the International 

Piitterv C(im]iany. he aei'epteil the pnsitinn, wliieh he 

later relinquished to lieconie ^Manufacturing Manager 

for the Ott t*i: l^rewer Company. The increasing demand 

fur decurative ami nrnaniental pottery ]ii-oin|ited Mi-. 

Coxon to Di'gani/.e the Ceramic .\rt ('nnipanw and asso- 
ciating with him some of Ti-enton's most inllnential 

citizens a corpoi'ation was formed, with .Mr. Co.xon as 

President and Walter S. Lenox Secretary and Treas(u-ei-, 

Mr. Coxon was a niemher of Common Cmuicil for three 

years, and foi- three terms reiiresiaited the First ward 

on the ]ioard of Freeholders, Keing Hirector of the 

hoard for two years. He is now a memliei'of (he I'ai'k Commission, ha\ing heeii I'e-.ippointed at 

the expiration of his lirst term. In |Militics .Mr. Coxon is a IJe|inliliean. lie was oni' of the organ- 
izers and is a Past :Master of Fraternal Lodge, No, 1:1'.), Free and .\ccepted .Masons. In l.S.")i) .Mr. 

Coxon mariied Hannah .Joshua, of l-aigland. 
His sons follow the trade of iheii- father. 
.Mr. Coxon i~ a \eteranof the lati' war, having 
gone to till- front as a private in Conipany .\, 
T\\ cnty-lirsl New .lersey X'ohmtecrs. .\ftcr nini' 
miiutlis in the army he reeeiveil an honorahle 
disch.'irge. He is an active memher of .\aroii 
Wilkes I'osI, No. 2;!, (i. A. 1!., and is also a 
memlii r of Company .\, Seventh Kegiment. 
National (lu.ird of .New .Jersey. 

Uviiox V. (IrxsoN was born in England, 
coming to ,\mei'iea at the age of fifteen. He 
settled in New .lersey, and for a year workcil on 
a farm, Tlic following year he was clerk in a 
eonntr\- ~loi-e. He s]ient one year in Iowa ami 
another in Minnesota. Removing to Butte 
(it v. .Montana, he engaged in the clotliing 
Ir.idc, and in the course of his wanderings has 
xi^itrd and wurked in Deadwoixl City. Coln- 
lado : (lalvesloii, 'I'exas ; California. Kansas. 
Davton. Ohio; i'ittshurgh, Pa., .and Dakota, 
linalK- locating in Trenton in .\prij, l.S,S4. 
Securing a ]iosition with Richard .\. ])unne]ly 
A- Companv as thinl salesman, his enterprise 
sdiin made liim the held salesman of tlieeslali- 
lishmenl. Lallei'ly, he liccamc its manager, 
which position he tilleil for ten years. In 

Oclolier. JS'.M. he purcliasi'd from Ki.liard A. Donnelly the entire stock of clotliing, and conducts 

his husiiiess in tlie ucll-known Opera House store. 




H\ ito.N F. (Jl-nson. 



120 



THK CITY OF TRENTON. 



Thomas Smith Stevkns, D.D.S., son of Israel 15. Sdvciis and Joannah 1'. Smith, was horn 
in Lawrcnt-c township, I*\'l)rnary 8(1, ISoT. His ])atrrnai ami maternal ancestors \vi;re among the 
first settlers of New .Icrsev. Pxith families were large lainluwiirrs in what is now Lawrence town- 
ship, pan of this property heing still in the possession of the family. While cpiitc young Dr. 
Stevens graduated from the Lawrenceville Classical and Connuereial High School. He studied 
dcntistr\- with Dr. .1. M. i)a\is. fur many years the leading dentist inTrentun. 1 »r. Stevens took 
a comjilctc course in tln' Tcnnsylvania College of Dental Surgci-y, also in Dr. D. I laycs Agncw's 
I'hiladelphia School of .\nalomy. and graduated froui tlic I'cnnsyhania College n{ Dental Surgery 
in \X(\2. .M'ter his gradiiaiiuii li<' and Dr. I'orter succec'ded Dr. Davis and carried im the liusiness 
for Ihi-ec nr foin- years under the iianie "f Stexcns iV: Porter. .Miout this t'wwr Dr. Da\-is pnrcliased 
i)r. Porter's interest and tlic lii'm hccame Davis A- SlevcMis and su remained foi- ten yeai's. Then 
Dr. Stevens started for himself, and has Keen in the active practice of his profession until the present 
lime. He was Cajitain of Company .\, Seventh Ih'gimcnt of the National (Uiard, for several years. 

He takes great interest in all matters jji'rtaining to natural history, es]ieeially niicroseopy, in 
which departuicnt he is a skillful investigator, and has written many valuaMe papers, among whicli 
is "An .Vnalvtical Kev to the (lencra and S]iecies of the Potifei-a " or wlu'id animalcules, pulilished 
in the ''.hnu'nal of the Trenton Natural History .'^nciity" and re])uhlisheil hy the "American 
Micr<is<Mipical .InLu-nal,"' Washington, D. (.'. So scarce are the works on this interesting and 
w<inderful familv of animated spheres ( in which teeth, stomach, muscles and even hrain lie hidden 
in the compass of an invisililc mote ) that there has hern a demand for this ki'V hy investigators in 
this liranch. not onlv in this, hut in many foreign counlrii's. lie was one of the organizers of 
till' Trenton Natural IIistoi-y Society, and was its President for many years. Dr. Stevens" husiness 
aliility has heen recogin/ed hy his fellow-citizens. From \s'(; to ISSl he lilh'd the ])osition 
of Citv Ti-casurcr with great satisfailion to the people. He was one of the organizers of the Broad 
Street liank. and lias heen one of the Directors since its organization. In ISC,.") he married Sarah 
S.. daughter of the late .Tames .\. Phillips, of Lawrence townshiji, and they n^iile at No. i) South 
liroad stri'ct. Dr. Stevens has heen very successful in tin- pi'.icticc of his pi-ofession. 

.lo.N.vr H.V.N CoxoN, son of Charles and .Mai-y Coxou. was horn at Loiigton. Statfoi-dshirc, luig- 
land, .inly ■'>{]). 1N4:1. He came with his ]iarents to .\iiiivic.-i in Isp.). and located at Paltimore, 

Marvland. (■radiiating from the gi'animai' school at 
the age of thirteen, he entered Peniiett's ipieensware 
mamifaetorv. at P.altimore. In |S.")S Charli's Co.xon 
m.anufaet m-ed IJockin'jham anil yellow-ware at South 
.\inlio\- hut soon returned |o P.allimoi'e. In |S(i:! the 
I'annK' came to Trenton .and the eldei' Coxon, umler a 

firm nai if Coxon iV: Thompson, mannfai'tui-ed C. C. 

and w 1 lite gia nit e. ( )n the ilcath of Charles Coxon. in 

ISIiS. the management of the Imsiui'ss fell to .Iimathan 

Coxon. The Mercer |iotti'ry at that time lieing in 

course of i'i-ectioii. Mr. Thompson sold his intei-est in 

the Coxon \- Thompson pottei-y to Patenian i^- Darrali, 

and with .lonathan Coxon entereil the new concern. 

Mr. Coxon heeame the tirst .Managci- employed at the 

MiTeer pottery and manufaetm-ed the lii'st hodies and 

glazes. While employed here he returned lo Coxon t^' 

Company's ]iotlei-y to act as attorney for his mother's 

half interest. This jiositioii was hi'ld until the jiottery 

was sold to .\lpaugli iV .Magowan. .\t that time the 

- name was changed to the ••Fanpire." Mr. Coxon was 

instructor of line arts in the l''aience .\i-t Company, of 

Hrooklyn. Later at the Clasgow pottery he was (icn- 

eral Superintendent. In a few years he had formed a jiartnership with .lolm Lenekel and .\ndre\v 

Cochran to niaiuifaeture sanitary and phnnhing supplies. The name •• Eiiuitahlc " was given this 

plant. !Mr. Co.xon liad full management of the hody and glaze departments. .\t the end of live 




JoS.VTll.vN Co.Vo.N. 




Thomas s. stkvkns 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



321 



yciirs (if succ<'ssfnl liusincss tlicy sold llidr interest Id tlic 'I'mitmi I'otlcrv Sviiilicatr. He is now 
i-etireil. In l.S(i5 lie luarrieil Einiua, (hmjihter of the late Klias 1». Warner. Four children iiave 
Keen Ixirii to thorn — Harry E., M'alter F., ('<ira A. and Ciiarlotle M. Harrv K. is interi'stecl in the 
IJrian-Coxon pottery. Tlie plant is devoteil to the niannfaeture of poivelain hath and laundrv tuhs, 
sinks, i**.-!-., and is known as the Hamilton I'oivelain Works. 

John Haut Hukwer was horn in llnnlerdon eoinity. .\ew Jersey. March 2i)th, 1S44. Hisearlv 
education was received at the Trenton .\cadeniy anil the i.awreliceville Classical and ( 'omnicrcial 
High Schoiil. In !><(;■_' he was graduat.'d from the Delawaiv Literary I n.-titute. at Franklin. New 
York. The followinL; year he entered upon his Im^iness careei- in liilhi. N.-w ^"ork. In IMi") hi' 
came to Ti-eiiton and eniiaged in the pottery lni-iness. The name of the lii'm was I'.loor. OtI A' 
Hrewer. ainl theii- plant was just heyonil tin' 
Stone llridge, in that part of the cit\- known 
as Millham. He continued to he a mendiei- 
of the linn opi'ratinu- what is known as the 
(m A I'.rewer pottery until August, IS'.).",. In 
IS'.i-l h,. organized the Hart Brewer I'ottei-y 
Company and hecame its Pri'sident. acting in 
that capacity oni' year, when he witlali'cw . 
He is \\n\\ eomiccled witli the Ivpiitahle Life 
Insurance Company of Xew 'N'oik. In IST'i 
he was elected to the Xi'W .lersey Legisl.it ui'e. 
While there he introilueil the Delaware Ham 
hill and succi'cilcd in having it passed. He 
was a mend)er of the Forty-seventh and l''oit\- 
eighth Congresses, fi'oni ISSO to ISSl, and 
served on the ('onimittees on Accounts, Kail- 
ways and Canals, and Manufactures. His 
principal work in Congress was upon the suh- 
jects of the tariff, tin.' Life Saving Scrvii-e and 
the jiroteetiou of connnercial travelers. ()iie 
of his s]ieeches ou the tai'ilf was ])raise(l hx- 
party leaders and was extensively used as a 
camjiaign document. ^Ir. P>rewer"s sole aim 
has heeii to make Ti'iaiton truly the ''StafTord- 
sliire of America." He has also sought to 
afliliate the pottei'y interests all o\-er the coun- 
try. In order to do this he helped to orgainze 
the Cnitt'd Stato.s Potters' Assoeiation, of which he has heeii one of thi' leading memhers, having 

.served as Secretary, President, ami Chairman of the KNecutive C nnttci'. lie has alsi) heen 

Secretary and President of the Ti-cnt(.n Potteis' .\ssoiia1ion. He was one of the organizers of the 
Trenton Watch Company, and succci'ded in ha\iiiii- it located here. He supi'rintended the huilding 
of the factory, and was Pri'sident of the company for three years. He is a lineal di'scendant of 
John llai't. one of the original signers of the Heclai-atiou of I iidepiaidence. 

Imiw.mjh C.\i;hoi.i. Co.mik t, I). |).S., was horn at Dovei-, Morris county, in 1S.")S. IL. was 
educated in the eoniinon schools of his native ]ilaci', and was afterward sent to thi' New .lersev Sl:ite 
Normal School. His professional edu<-ation was receiveil at the .Michigan rnivci'sity, .\nn .\rhor, 
Michigan, whci'c he graduateil and received his degree in 1S.S2. I''or a few years he piracticed suc- 
cessfully at .\dri.in, Michigan, then at Scranton, Pennsylvania, and in 1SSS he eauic to 'i'renton, 
where he has icmained \nitil the ]iresent time. His ollices and waiting-rooms are on the seconil 
Hour of the luiihling on the northeast eormr of State and Warren, and front on hoth streets. Hi'. 

C lict I Iocs a general dcnt.il ]iractiee, extracting, ojierating and nianufactui'ing, and has huilt U]i 

iiuile a iiusiness here. He helongs to the Mereer County Wheelmen and is an enllmsiastie. rider of 
tile wheel. He was married in 1<'^.S2 to Bessie Parsons, of Hinghamtoii. N. Y. Four ehilclren have 
been horn to them, three hoys and a giil. Dr. Condict has a |ileasant country residence at IlilJi'rcst. 




.ll>|[-\ 11 AU 1 BkKW KU. 



322 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



Jnnx T. Mddkk was horn in Canada in 1857. He reccivcil a lilitial cchicatidii in tlie pay- 
.schools of his hi)nic and then learned the potting trade. He came to this city in 1S78 and secured 
a position witli Tlioinas Madchtck A- Sons as foreman of all the elay shojis. He then aceejjted a 
position with the Empire Pottery Company. Since 1892 Mr. Moore has heen Sui>erintendent of the 

Enterprise Pottery. He has taken a (Iccji interest in i)oli- 
tics and was elect cil to the Excise Hoard as one of its 
Rcpnhlican menihers. Mr. Moore has heen active in the 
organizations of his trade, tlie Knights of Lal)or and the 
tf' "^ ^^^^^ Sanitary A\'are Pressers' -Vssociation. He served for three 

years as Trensnrer for the local sanitary association and 
in tlie same ca]iaeit\' for tlie district association, which 
comprised all |)otters in the I'nitcd States, and of hotii 
of these organizations he was one of the organizers. 

J. ITknhv Ki.Ki.N was horn in New York State, 
Eehruarv 2d, 1S.")7. He came to Trenton when four 
years of age. and ri'ceived his cchK-itiou in the 
cit\-"s ]]Ulilic sehodls. In l>;7n. he started ids lin>i- 
iiess cariMT with tlie New .lersi'V Steel and lront'(jni- 
|,;ni\-. Ill' has since continui'd witii tlie conipany. 
For the j)ast twenty years he has heen Paymaster for 
the great estahlishmi'nt. Mr. Klein is a Democrat. 
l'>efi>re the annexation of the lioi'ough of Chamhers- 
hin-g. he was Tax Cullector for the horongh, holding 
tills ollice for two years. When consolidation was 

effecte<l, Mr. Klein was the Mayor of ( 'hamher.shurg. In 1S'.)4. Mayor SIkiw appointed him as 

a nii'ndier of tlu^ Hoard of Fire Connnissi(mers, and he is now acting as Pi-esident of that lioard. 

lie is the Secretary of the Iron M'orkers' Reneficial Society. Mr. Klein was married in 1.S77, 

and has three chil<lren. 




.7. Hknuv Ki.ki.n'. 



P>ii!ii ^\'. Sric.NCKi! was horn in the city of New York in 1S4"). lie i> the son of Rev. Jesse k. 
S|)encer, D.I)., now a retired minister of the Pi'otestant I']pisco]ial Church. .\t the time of his hirth, 
his father was Professor of Dead Languages at Hnrlington ( ollcge, Hnrlington. New .lerscy. Ihrd 
\\'. S]>cncer was educate<l at (Juackcnhoss" Collegiate Institute and at Cohnnhia College, hoth in New 
York. .\t the conijilction of his e(lueation. he entered the em|iloy of the Erie liailroad Conqiany. 
His faithful service soon hrought him promotion, and he has lillcd the positions of Division Super- 
intendent, Paymaster, Cashier, Assistant Treasurer and Treasuri^r. .\fter twenty-live years' service 
with that company, he liecame a mend>er of the firm of Camphell. .Morrell A' Co., of Passaic, New 
Jersey. Jlr. Spencer was elected to the ollice of President of the People's Hank and Trust Com- 
]>any, of Passaic, an<I still holds that jiosition. In 1S74. lu' was chosen to represent his district in 
the Connnon Conncil of Passaic, and lu'ld ofht'c until 1S7'.). when he was further honoreil hy heing 
electt'd Mayor. This honor he was given three ti'rnis. of two years ciicli. after which he was again 
elccteil to Connnon Council, in iSS."), and he is now the |iresiding ollicer of that hody. In .May, 
ISSil, (iovernor (Jrcen ap]>ointed him a State Assessor, and he was re-a])])ointe<l in lSi).'>. I'or two 
years he was President of the Board of Assessors, and is now the \'ice President thereof. During 
the late war, he enlisted in the Seventh Regiment of the State of New >'ork. and through the thick 
of the liglits that followed the o\itl)reak of the hloody War of the Rehellion, he carried himself like 
a true man ami soldier. His corn-age and foresight hrought with tlnin ]iromotion. and he spi-edily 
rose in the estimation of his fi'llow-sohlicrs in arms, and, later, in the regard of his fellow-ollicers. 
In 1S7(), (iovernor Hedle ai)pointed him Colonel and an .\ide-dc-Cam]) on his stalT ; 1.S7.S, he was 
ai)i)ointed ^lajor anil Deputy (iuartermaster, and in l^sj he w;is made Hrig.-idier-ticneral and 
Inspeetor-tieneral of Ritle Practice. tJeneral Spencer has four children — one son, Bird F., who is 
in the Twenty-first United States Infantry, and three daughters. These latter are accomplished 
and charming women. 



TITK CITV OF TUKNTOX. 



323 




JoHX l>. Mai;(.i:i;i M \v;is Imni in r.U(k> ((luiily. I'cinisylvaiiia. in IS.")], wlii'vc lie iittt'iidcil tiio 
])u1)lir si'liiiols. Si-\cial ycai's lirl'ofi' I'cacliinL;- his niajoritv liu went to Laniliertvillc, wliero lie 
Icarni'il liun>i'-|iaintinL;- ami (Inin'aliiiL;. In 
1S7."). al'ti'i- III' hail lirciiiiir a ji invnr\-iiian, he 
started a liusinrss uf liis nwn in l.aniliiitv illr. 
New Jci'scy, anil rcniainnl llaaT nntil issc,, 
wlu'U lie canic t" 'ri'cniuii and ii|irncd a sIuit 
and (lilicr Xn. '■','■',>> Siuiih I'.niad stritt. Mr. 
Margeriun thnrnnuldy inastrrrd tlic tradr uf 
paper-hanirin;^ and li(iiis<'-paintinti ami thm 
essayed the inun.- artistic hranrji nf thr Imsi- 
ness. Possessint; natural nil'ls as an aitisi, 
wliicli liv studv and prai-tit'e lia\c hrcn ui'catK' 
dcvrlii|>i'd. hi' has heautilird many uf thr 
prinripal Imildinus of Trt'nton. As a few of 
the many samiiles of his skill in artistic Imu^i' 
decoration then- may he mentioned thr ^'. M. 
C. A. Imildinn', the I'ennsylvaiiia railroad di'|io( 
at Clinton street, the Forst-ltiehey luiildina-, 
the Trenton Trust and Safe Dejiosit ('oin]iany, 
the State House and the izildiiiL;- of the donic. 
the Broad Stnet M. K. Chunh. thr Fir-t 
Baptist t'hureh (addition). In ]X''2, .Mi'. 
Margeruni was married to Miss Miller, of 
I.and)ertvillc'. 

Jere.miah 1). (lKA^■ was horn in llui-ks 

county, Pennsylvania, Se]iteinlier :^4th, l.SI-S. 

His fatlier, Peter E. dray, a, lineal descendant 

of Galfridus (iray, an early settler in New 

Jersey, was horn mar I'dcnnngtou. Xcw . Jersey. Since l.'>(i'.) he has l)e(>n a resident of 

New Jersey. His pi-esent home is Trenton. As a teacher he has had twenty-eight years' 

experience ; has served as I'l'incipal of the Clinton 
.\cademv, (drard .\ venue (irammar School, Trenton, 
and now is at the head of the puhlic school at Peini- 
iiV^toii, New -Icrscy. In FS'.K) and h^'.tl he was teacher 
of higher mathematics and physics in Amlu'i'st College 
Smnmer School, ^rassachusetts, now known as the 
Sau\cur ( 'ollc;^!' of Langua.ijes. Mi'. ( Iray received his 
education in the puhlic schools and at the Carversville 
Xormal College, I'ennsylvaina. In l.'^'Sl Cnion Chris- 
tian College, and ill I'SS.") I,afayctte Cojle.ge. conferreil 
upon him the degree of Master of Arts. He is also 
ipiite well known as an author, liaving written a liis- 
torv of the Christian CInn-ih and a serial history enti- 
th'd •■.Xcw .li'iscv (lovernors : Who Tliey Are and 
What Thcv l)id." The latter appeared in the " Daily 
True .\nierican," Dcceinher, ISS'.). In these articles 

he was associated with I'rancis 15. i He is also 

author of " Wentwortirs Teachers" Kdition of Naviga- 
tion," I'SUl. Ills leading work is his " DilVereiitial 
and Integral Calculus.'' At ]. resent this is in maim- 
scrii)t. He has made a key to this work, containing 
solutions to the higher curves for more than oik; 

thousand prohlcms. He has doni' considerahle work in assisting authors in writing text-hooks; 

notahly among these may he nientiuncd Mr. Wentwcjiih. Ho also furnished coiisiduruhlc matter 



J"I1N I). MAKiilJUM. 




.1 l.Kl.MIAIl 1). (JlE.W. 



324 



THE CTTY OF TRENTON. 



for the throe sii])jileiiR'i)tarv vohiincs of I)r. ]>r I'tiy's aiMitions to '' Imu yclnpailia liritaiiniea." 
In ISUl lie orifiinated the '•Capital City News," wjiidi he eoiitinued to puhlish for nearly a year. 
He has held several loeal ofliees, and in Novemlnr. 1SS7. was a]i]iointed to a elerkship in the 
Cu.stoni Ih)Use, New York City. This he dccliiie<l to accept. K(.ir many years he has heen Cuinity 
Exairiiner of Teachers, lie has tiu'ee children. His son Nonier was fxraduated froni Dickinson 
College last .hnie, and is now Principal of the llopcucll I'ldilie l^chool. 

GkoH(;k W. PiucE is a native of Brooklyn. New 'i'ork, where he was horn in 1S.")-J. Since 18G0 
he has resided in Trenton. He was educated at tiic city ])uhlic schools, and when a hoy associated 
himself witii S. S. Hill to Karn the Imteher's tra<le. In ISSS Mr. Hill, after sixty-tive years' exper- 
ience, retired froni the husiness, an<l Mr. Price at once made arrangements to jiurchase the estah- 
lishmcnl. Since then he has continncd the husiness. He still occui)ies the old stalls, Nos. 4.'5 and 
4-1, in tlie City .Mai-ket. hut has huilt a new sausage factory, an illustration of which appears on the 
opjiosite pagi". He has so far enlarged tlic ca]iaiity of the works that now he is ahlc to turn out 
;>{)(),()("> pounds of sausage iluring the season, ami uses altogether ahout !)()U,(K)U jiounds of pork pei- 
rear. .Mr. I'l'ice is one of the hcst-known residents of WilKur. For several years he was one of 
the Borough Connnissioners. and was Chairman of tlie Conmnttee on Street Railways and Lamps. 
He is now a meniher of the Sihool Hoard of the liorough, and is serving as Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on P)Uil<lings and ( iroUMils. Mr. Price's political atliliations are with tln' I )em(>cratic party. 
In liS7(> he married Jennie Longstreet, of Trenton, New .lersey. They reside in the handsonn' 
residence at the corner of State anil Chamiiers streets which Mr. Price recentlv erected. 



Knwi.N' (liii:i;.N was hoi-n in 'N'oi'kshin', England, <)etohcr .")th, 1822. He learned the trade of 
wire-drawer in his native eountiv and worked at it tlicic foi' some years. In March, IS^S, lie came 

to Ameiii a, and for mw year and nine months 
he workecl at his trade in New York Citv. ()ii 
the second of tianuary, IS.jO, he moved to 
Trenton, ami innuediately entere([ the eni])loy 
of the Trenton Iron Coin{)any. I'or over 
thirty years he worked for that company, and 
for more than twenty years of tliat time he 
was Superintendent of their wire nulls. In 
l.SSO, Mr. Green retired from active service in 
the mills. Several years hefore that time, he 
had heen carrying on the music Itusiness, hav- 
ing hought out Mr. Fletcher in I.SB.']. Mr. 
(Ireeii dealt in ]>ianos and organs and all kinds 
of musical instruments. He continued the 
husiness until 1N.S4, when he sold out to Peter 
Kendriek i*: Son. Mr. Green has always heen 
very much interested in music. He sang in 
the l'"ourth Presliyterian Church for eleven 
.« jv _ ' fl^^^^^^^K^^^^^^^I^^^^ ''1^" ''"' choirs of other city 

^S M^^ ^^^^^^^^H^^^^^^^^JBI ehurclies. Forty years ago, he was a nuMuher 
* y"" m !-'.ff^ ,,f f)||, (.],(, ii- (,f the ohl Greene Street M. E. 

Clinrch. .Mr. Green was one of the organizers 

of the first nnisical society in this cdty. This 

ua- known as the Trenton Musical Society, 

and was composed of the hest citizens of the 

town. In conui'ction with Mr, Fletcher, ^Ir. 

lialdwin and Mrs. Dr. Warner, he formed the 

Trenton Quartette in 1853. The memhers of 

tliis f|nartetto arc still living. ^Ir. Green ])layei| the violin in the Langlotz Orchestra here a 

nunilter of years ago. In .July, 1S.')(), he joined South Trenton Lodge, No. 3(j, I. O. 0. F. He 

also helongs to Mercer Lodge, No. 50, F. and A. ^L; ralcstine Connnandery, No. 4, Knights 




KliWIX (ilEKF.N. 



THE CITY OF TRKXTOX. 



325 



Tcinplar, and Tlmr-Tiinrs-TlinH' ('lin|it(r. Ilr is als.i a iiinnlHr nf (lie Sdiis of St. George. Mr. 
(ircfU was hrouulit uii an Episi^opaliaii. (In .liily I'-'lil, ls|:;. h,- marricil .Miss Amelia Birtwhistle. 
They have five ehilWren — Sarah N., Mary, Lewis !•]., cmiildyed with .\ihert (lr<'en. sueeessor to 
(ii-ein iV lilaekwell. New \<>vk and iirimklyu ; Olive .\inc-lia. now .Mrs. W. ])ra<lfnrd I'arker. (if this 
eity ; Waher A., wire-ih'awer in (ieorgctown, Conneetiriit. .Mr. (Irern is now living a (juiet, retired 
life at Xo. 329 Elmer street. 



W'u.l.lAM T. IvxToN was hiiiai in Trenton, New -lersey. .\iignst I'.ltli, iS.")."i. I'lion the eomple- 
tioii of his education he entered the I-lxton hakeiw and was eni|iloyed there over twentv yi'urs. In 
.lanuary, ISSS he started in luisiness for him- 
self. .Mr. Exton gives his jiersonal attention 
to the management of his luisiness, heing often 
on the wagon all day long. This spirit of hard 
\voi-k, together with his thorough knowledge of 
the husiness assxires him continued success. 
He is now located at -Vl') South J'.r<iad street, 
where he lias a large, jileasant stoic and in the 
rear a fnlly-eiiui])pcd hakery. In January, 
1S,S2, -Mr. Exton married Matilda, daughter of 
(JeorgeS. Smith, of Trenton, Xc\\' Jersey. In 
the fall of IS'.to lie acee|itcd the nomination for 
Assemlily from the Third district, and although 
this district generally gives ahout seven hiiii- 
dreil Democratic majority he succccderl in 
turning it to one thousand six hundred l.'epuli- 
licaii. In 1S'.)4 he was nnanimousK' reiionii- 
iiatcd. There Were many candiilatcs prior to 
the primaries; ]\Ir. Exton, however, had the 
solid sup]iort of the husiness men of Ids dis- 
trict, and secured every ilelegate in I'very ward. 
His was the only name mentioned in tln' lon- 
vcntioii. He defeated the highest man on tln' 
i )eino(a-atic ticket hy four thousand three hun- 
dred and forty-two, tlu.^ largest majority i\ir 
given a legislative candidate in Mercer comity. 
Mr. Exton sei-urcil the repeal of the hill plo- 
viding for a Board of J'lihlic Work-. This repeal was carried over the ( ioveriior's veto. He was 
also active in the passage of the hill aholishiiig county courts as at present constituted, and making 
the judiciary elective. 

Tin; H i:\iil. K^-r.K.wrir ('omcwi' was foriucd in .March, \S'.)0, with Charles ^I. Ileadley, 
President and Treasurer, and William II. I.ea\ ill. Sccri'tary. They <icciipy a whole liuilding, at 
12 South Warren street, where they carry a large and com|ilete stock of mantels, gas-lixtures, 
heaters, ranges and all the numerous accessories to that line of husiness. Tiiey have executed 
iiianv large contracts and have always gixin satisfaction. 'I'lii' hot-water plant in the City .Vims- 
house, which is the largest in the city, is the work of this coinpany, who liave also lilted U]> ninin'r- 
ous otlier ]ilaces in the city with plnmhiiig, gas-lixtures, mantels, itc. 'I'lie greatest care is mani- 
fested in all that is done, and nothing is sjiared that will tend to tlie sueeessful liiiishing of any 
work undertaken. They give em]iloynieiit to a large corps of competent workmen, and all work is 
guaranteed to he lirst-class. The husiness has l)een a .successful one froni (lie heginning, an<l is 
cunstantlv im reasing. ^Ir. Ihadlcy is .a tiioroiigh husiness man, and was emploveil witii liurrouglis 
ii- Mounlford many years. .Mr. l.eavitt is a son of Dr. Eyriian Leavitt, and was eonnecled with tlie 
Dunn Hardware and Paint Company for ten years, where he ac(piired a mastery of the di'tails of 
the husiness. He resides at 'lO") South Warren street, in the house so long occupied l>y his honored 
father. Mr. H<adlev resides at Fallsington, Pennsvlvania. 




Willi \M '1'. i;\n 



826 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



t'liAKi.Ks Dii'i'ni.T, D.D.S. — I'or over furty years l)r. l>i|i|Milt lias Kci'ii one tif tlic prdiuiiuMit 
dentists of Trenton. He is a native of this city, havinu; lieeii liorn liere .June 3(1, 1833. His early 
('(huatioM was ol)taine(l in tlie jiulilii- ami jirivate sehools of tiie city, and in l^^ol he eomnienced the 
study of dentistry liere. He coniiileted his studies with Dr. William H. Hall, one of the leadinj; 
dentists of riiiladil|iliia. in IS.").'!, and immediately loeati'il in Trenton, where he jiraetieed his ]iro- 
fession continucuisly until IS'.);!. Many liave lieen the ehanj.'es ami improvements in dentistry since 
he heuan to praetiee. When he eommene<'d he was ohliired to make from the crude material all of 
the teeth which he Used, and in addition to that he I'ciined and alloyed fxold and silver for nutal 
])lates in his own lahoratory. He is indeed a mechanic anil a thorou^di master of his [irofession in 
all of its details. His success has ht'cn phenomenal. His practice was so irreat for many years that 
he was cM)m]ielled to have an assistant in order to attend to hi~ many patic'iits. l)r. l)ippolt was 
one of the foundci's of the New .Icrst'V State l)iiilnl Society and has served asi^mendier of tin; 
l">.\aniinini: Hoard for two \-eai's. a nu'inher of the Ivxecntivc Committee for two years ami \'ict; 
President for one \-cai'. lie was also a menilici' of the counnittee appointed tonhtain a law rejiU- 
latinu' the study and practice of dentistry in the State. Dr. Dijipolt has heen twice marriecl ; lirst 
to Ih'urietta Post, who cliecl ahout one year after their marriage, and later to Mary B., dauuditer of 
I'lcnjamiu .M. Clai-k, of Cianlmry, New .lersey. They have one dauLihlcr, .Mi's. Kdwanl I!. Parsons, 
whose husliaiid is eii,!.'a,i;c<l in the wholesale seed luisiness. Dr. Dippolt owns a <freat di'al of real 
estate in dilYcrcnt parts <if the city. Much of his pro]ierty is loeatecl neai' the corner of State and 
llidad streets, and consists of piominent lm>iiicss houses. The care of all of his piMjieitv he assimics 
]iersonally, and this has ln'cii sullicii'iit to occuiiy his time and attention since he .L'ave up the active 
practice of his ]irofession. He has a handsome residence at No. 203 East State street, ojijiosite 
the post-ollice. 



William II. Cai i i>\\ i:i.i. w.-is horn in London, I'^iiiilaml. lMiiii;iat iiii; to this country when a 
chiM. his parents settled in New ^di'k Citv, wlnrc the\- rcmaiiKMl for aliout cii;htccii vears. His 

father, licv. .\lfreil Cauldwcll, is a Hajitist (dcrt;\-man, 
now residinu' in .l'',tna, Pennsylvania. Mr. ('auldwell's 
education was proc\ircd in llii' puMic schools and at 
HulPs IJusiness College, Pittshur};li, Pennsylvania. Ih' 
heuan life as errand hoy, and ap|irenticed himself to 
the trade of tailoi'im;- in Pitlsl luruli. linishiiii:- with W. 
.1. Owens, of Trenton, New .Jersey. For ten years \\c 
worked for Sinclair. \'aiinest ^- ('oin|iany. hut in .lanu- 
.iiv, iss;i, estahlishcd a |ilace of liusiiiess at No. 17 
North J>road street. He was elected Councilman in the 
lioronuh of ChamhershurL'. holdiiiir that ollicc three 
years and until the horouuh was consoliilated with 
Trenton. lie is a Hepuhlican. On May l.'Uh. |s74, 
he mai-iicil Katie W. Owens, a niece of ^\'illiam .1. 
( )weiis. of this i-itv. 

Pons Dii:iii.. .Ii;., was liorii in Trenton, New 
.lei-ry, March (Uh, ]S(;2. He attended the puMic 
>chools, and, after com|iletiii,L' tln^ course, lu' learnecl 
the trade of potter, which he worked at in \arious 
potteries nntil Novemhi^r, IS'.)|, dui-int;- which time 
he was President of the Sanitary Local Inion. 
Soon after his father's death he assnmed full chartre of hi.s father's estate. .Mr. Diehl ha.s 
always manifested i:reat interest in the operations of the lire ilepartmeiil. He was presiding; 
olliecr of the Liherty Fire Comiiany (N'olunteer), and is at present servin.i.' on the P>oard of Fire 
Commissioners, apjiointed hy .Mayor Shaw. Mr. Diehl is eoimeeted with the Democratic Peajrue, 
and also takes an active jiart in several social ort;aiii/,ations, where he is well liked hy his fellow- 
menihers. On Deceinher 3()th, PSSG, .Mr. Diehl was married to Katherine Ostermeyer, of 
this city. 




Wn.i.iAM U. e.vrr.DWEi.L. 




1^ 



Jk 



Cii \ui,i> Inri'MiT, Ii.li. 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



327 




Frederick A. Kemijch was liorn in (Icriiiany in ISJS. He was (■ducatcil in his native land, and 
learned his father's trade, that n! taijni-jni:. ilr alsn served three year'^ in the i'riissian army. 
In 1S73 Mr. Kemler setth'il in Trentim. F(ir a nuin- 
her nf vears lie wcirlced at liis trade, ins first einjilnvei' 
lieing Janie.s (_)wens, tlien a prominent nien-hant lailnr. 
In IS.S'2 Mr. Kemler stai'ted a lailur shu|i of his own at 
Centre and Bridge streets. Soon lie moveil to iii> 
])resent loeation. corner Centre and i-'erry sti'ec^ts, 
wliere lie lias his sho|i and residence. Ily |iatient in- 
dustry and strict attention to husiness, he is known all 
through South Trenton as a reliaMi' custom tailoi'. .Mr. 
Kender is a Democrat. In lS'.i2 he was electeil a 
memlier of tlie t'oiinty Hoard of l'"reeliiildei's, a posi- 
tion which he still holds. In ()ctolier, ISTli, he mar- 
ried .Josi'phina Ermeling, of this city. 

I'lIlLll' FKEri)E.\'.MA(ili:i; was horn in Ti'i'iilon. 
Novelliher 13th, 185G. His earlier education was gained 
in the local puhlic schools, and later he was a [lupil of 
the Trenton Business College, lie acted as clerk in a 
grocery store about three years, afti'r which he engagid 

in the trade of cigarmaking. C(imi)leting his trade, he i,,;, ,,, ,;,, ,, ,\. kkmi.kk. 

went into the manufacture of cigars for liimsclf. and con- 
tinued in that business about two years. .Mr. l"'n-udeiniiaelier was the Tn-ntoii n^preseiilativc of the 
Bergner & Engel Brewing Company from bsS'J until lS'.)-_', when he ai-cepled an otTer from the 
Trenton r>rewing Comjiany to act in the capacity of Managing Salesman of ihiir outpiU. His 
familiaritv with the tradi' (|Ualilies him to an minsual degree for the performance of his duties, 
which are ehiellv the inspection of ilu- liranch houses of the lireweiy and the extension of the 
boundary lines of tlie territoi-y which the company pi-ae|ically eontrols. He was Chief of tlu' 

Tri'iilou \'oluiitei'i- Firi' department from ISSS until 
|S'.)2, when the \-olmiteer system was abolishecl. He 
was a niemher of the Ivigle Company, and held the 
olliees of I'orcman, 'i'reasurer and \'ice I*rcsi<lcnl. 
When the paid de|iartment was inaugin'atcd, he was its 
Chief foi- the lirst twenty-four hours, siu'rendering the 
ollice to the present Chief, William Met; ill, at the stroke 
of the gong at 12 o'clock midnight of the first day. 
lie is a niembci- of the Reptiblican Club of Trenton, 
and is also enrolled in the Knights of Pythias, Inde- 
pendent Order of Odd l''ellows, .Masons and several 
other organizations. He was married in 1.S77 to So]iliic 
M, Widmaiin, of New Egypt. He lias one son, 
(ieorgu D. 

Jon.N (1. SroiT is a native of Trenton, having been 
horn herein 1S3(). lie was educated in a pay sclionl 
and also in the public schools. He learned the snulT- 
making business with (ladilis it I'ott.^. in Trenton, 
lie also worked in a brickyard, an<l linally learned 
shoeniakiiig. The latter was aci|uirc(l inider the instruc- 

ti f his father. In the yi^ar bS.'.S, hi' was elected Overseer of ibc I'oor. and accei.tably lillcd 

that ollice until lS(i2. For nine years more he was the (leiieral Supcrinlcnch'nl of the Trillion 
Ilor.se liailwav Compauv, He was also a memlier of the I'.oard of He.iltli for four years. In \x~:], 
he started in tlie snulV business. Connected with this business, he also established tlial of cigars, 
tobacco and smoking articles at No. lilO South Broad street, where In- still c(,iitinMcs in the same 
business. He married, in 1S7(), Emma S. I.arison, of Trenton. 




.I.iilS (1, SI.H 



328 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



W'lLi-KT n. Cnoi'KH was lidni ill Trriitciii ill N'nvcnilici', IS-")7. His iiMlcrnai ancestors, wlio 
wtTC Eiifilisl), acf()iii]iaiiicil William I'ciiii nii liis sci-diiil voyage to this einiiitn-. tliat tliev iiiijrht 

:i\(ii(l religious pcn'seeution. 'I'liey settled in 
lliicks county, Pennsylvania. His grandfallu'r, 
.lames .\. Snedekor, acted a.s escort to General 
Lafayette from Princeton to Trenton. l)r. 
('iio|ier received a lilieral education in liis na- 
tive city, graduating with high Imnors from 
the liiiliUc schools, State ^fodcl School and 
liider i\: .Mien's lousiness Collcg('. He then 
essayed civil engineering, which he fulldwcd 
fur 111 icc years. He then heeame Private See- 
ntaiy to Colonel I). K. Allen, with whom he 
traveled thrungh the Ivistern and Middle States, 
the three provinces of Canada, Prince Edward's 
Island and Xova Scotia. Ill 1S77, lie returned 
to 'Prciitiiii. and stuilied vet<'rinary medicine 
twiiycais with |)r. liradshaw. After a thorough 
inuisc at the .\mcricaii N'etcrinary College, of 
New Vnik. |)r. ('(iii|icr graduated with high 
hiiiiiirs ill ISN-J. Soon thereafter, he located at 
Salem. New .Jersey, where he was successful. 
(Ill aeciiunt iif failing health, he travi.'lc<l fur 
snine time. In lN>is, during President Cleve- 
land's lirsl .■idminislration, he aeceiited a com- 
missi<iii as < io\cnimeiit \'etei-iiiarv lns|iector, 
ami was re-ap|ioiiite(l hy I'residi'iit Harrison. 
< )ii .March 17tli, IMi-i. lie opened his present 

„,,j,, ,1 , ., I (illiee and lal>nratur\- at X". olHSuulh Warren 

street. |ir. ('(Kiperlias met with great success 
as a vcterinarv surgeon, and is now acknnwlcclged tu he in the fruiit rank nf that |irofession. In 
1SS2, he was marriecl to Sallie .M. Strasser, of 'ri'eiitoii. I'.esidc heiiig a iiiemlicr nf \-arious 
organizations, Dr. Cooper is a memlier nf the State 
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to .Vnimals. the 
New Jersey Trotting Horse iirccdcrs' Association, and 
lias heen Secretary of the \'eteriiiary .Medical Associa- 
tion for the past nine years. 

TiioM.vs M. ^\'llITI■; was horn in St. I.ouis, 
Alissouri, .Tune lOth, ]X-\\. .\t ten years dt age 
he came to Trenton ami niaile his home with |)r. 
.Joseph P. Turner, at Pine (irove. After passing 
through tile jtulilic schools of tliis city, he took a thor- 
ough course in jiedagogy tit the New .Jersey State 
Normal Sdiool. .\t the eoinmeneenient of the Rehel- 
lion. he entered the First New Jersey Cavalry, in 
which he served over two years. Tn lS(i9, he enihraecd 
tiie profession of teaching, liis first (wperienee heing in 
I.anihirtville, where lie was Vice Princi]ia] of the jiuh- 
lie school fur ahout six months. Thence he went to 
Somerville, where he remained two years, and then 
removed to (lloueester City, where for si.\ years he 
was Princijial of the High ScIiocjI. While a resident 

of (doucester City, he also servi'd on the Poard of County I'"\aminers. Tn ISSO, Profe.ssor 
\\'liite returned to Trenton and was at once made a nicmhcr of the Ikiard of School Trustees 





TuuMA.-> M. Win 1 1.. 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



329 




and also a}>i>i>iiited Principal of the Centre 8fret't Crammar School. This ]iosition he lias 

held continuously ever since, with the exccjition of a few months last year, when the 

Principals of the three i;raniinar sehncils were teiii[»ii-ai-ily (liani!:ed. DurinL' the liftccn years 

that Pnifessor AMutc has l)ecn at the head 

(if the Centre Street School the srade <if the 

institutiiin has been raised. He was tiie tir>t 

Principal in the city to introduce kinilert;artcn 

work in the schools. Professor White is a liorn 

teacher and a wise and careful administratnr, 

and has the whole scIhki] under his enustanl 

supervision. The students fmni the Ceiiti-e 

Street Scliool enter the Iliuh Sehnul excellently 

prc'iiared in the fundamental principles of a 

thorough education. In l.STO he mai'ried I'^liza- 

lieth 1). Measey, of Blackwooiltown, Xew-liTsey. 

They have five children — Marie Mathilde. 

.Joseph T., .Jennie L., J^illie B. and ]5essie P. 

\\'ii.LiAM H. MiiKKL was liorn in Cape ]May 

county, N. J., June Gth, 1^5;!. He attended the 

pulilie schools of the peninsula, and linislii'd 

his education at the New Jersey State Noruial 

School. He applied himself to i)harmaey and 

hccanie a student of medieine under lir. 11. 

Thomas. In 1876 he jiureliased a drusi' store 

on Proad street, Trenton. This he conducted 

until IN.SO, when he opeueil a new store at S7 

S])rin.ii street, where he ri'mained until the 

completion of his handsome huildint:' at the 

corner of Sprinix and Calhoun stn^ets, in 1S'.)4, 

which is one of the largest cstahlislunents in the city. Mr. Miekel lias a well-cstahlished drug 

trade in a rapidly-growing section of the city. He was i'oliee .lustic'e during the years l^T'l and 

ISSO, a memlier of the lloai-d of Ilralth in l^S] and 
PSS-J, a memlier of the Hoard of Puhlie Instruction in 
ISS.-Jand PSS4, a;id in May, ISIt:!, was appointed Health 
Ins]icetor for a term of three years. He is a particularly 
faithful and painstaking oOicial. In ISTCi Mr. .Miekel 
was niarrii'd to JOmma (i. Crossley, of Trenton. 

Jicssic P. Lam; was hf)rn in Ocean county, New 
.lersey, in 1S|7. .\t the age of three years his i)arents 
moved (o Staten Island, New York. lie entered the 
Staten Island |i\dili<' school, hut after tlu' deatli 
of his father ln' moved to Ocean county. There 
he attended a country school. He stuilied nights 
to ac(pnre a fmtlier education. In spite of disad- 
vantages he made considciahh' ])rogress in tlie study of 
art, and thoroughly learned the trade of house and 
siirn jiainting, hringing to his woi'k more than ordinary 
ahility. In 1>>7") he canu' to Trenton ami engaged in 
painting in its various lii'auche.s. In ISS.') he opcni'd a 
wall-pa]ier store on Hamilton avenue, and was the lirsl 
one to engage in the wall-pa]MT hiisine.^s in Chandiers- 
hurg. In 1S71 Mr. Pane was marriid to Louisa Lathmp, of Ocean comity. New Jersey. They have 
tw.rchildren— Uudolphus and Pe.ssie. .Mr. Laiw occupies Die large .<tore and residence at lid!) 
Hamilton avenue. 



Wn.i.lAM II, Mil K 1.1.. 




JKS.sk B. I.iVNK. 



330 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 




Albert F. R. Tatze was l)orn in Berlin, ClcTinanv, in DcrtnilxT, \x-V.K lie ie(tive<l a litieial 
education in liis native city, where he became a practical jeweler and watchniakcr. While yet very 

younf;, he emiirrated to this country and for several 
years worked as journeyman in New York t'ity. He 
came to Trenton in isi;7, and after workinir at his 
trade, ojicnrd a notion and variety store on Broad 
street, wliich was, for two years, a prolitahle invest- 
ment. He then ]iure]iascd the huilding No. 183 South 
iJroad street, which he fitted u]i liandsoniely and 
opened as a lirst-class jewelry store. Mr. Lutze has 
one of the leading estaliiishnients in this city. On 
Ai)ril lOth, 1871, he marrit-d Enuna Moll, of Trenton, 
and has four son.s and two daughters. 

.Tosi:i'ir H. Mooke, the son of Imlah ^loore, of 
Moore's ]\lills, was horn in Trenton in l.S4(>. He 
ohtained his education at the Model School and the 
Philadelphia Polytechnic College, graduating from the 
latter institution in 1S(>(), after taking Master's degree. 
He returned to Trenton and followed his jirofession as 
mechanical engineer for live years. He then bought out 
the East Trenton Porcelain Company, and conducted 
the pottery business about fourteen years. In the year 

188(>, he became connected with the Merchants Transportation Comjiany, and, in ISOO, was made 

Su])erintendent of the same. Hi- practical knowledge of business and its methods, witli wide travel 

and nuich research, lits him in full measure for 

the res])onsil)lc olliei' he lills. In 1879, he 

nuirricd Mary E., (laughter of the late Charles 

Carr, the well-known founder and ma<-hinist. 

t'n.VKi.Es S. Biiii.iov was born in iJccrlield, 
Cund)erland county, New Jersey, in 18.58, and 
was educated at the public schools in Philadel- 
])hia. For sevi'ral years he clerked in the store 
of his father, .Tosi')ih C. iiurley. in ('amden. 
New Jersey. In 188() he went to Bristol, Peiin- 
sylvania, and formed a ]iartnershi]i with Mr. 
Samuel 1. W'hitakcr, carrying on a grocery 
business under the name of the Philadelijhia 
Ca.sh Stores. They operated two stores in 
Bristol, and in 1887 ojiened three stores in 
Trenton, located as follows : Perry, corner 
Stockton street ; Second, corner Fiu'man street, 
and Hudson, corner Mott street. Mr. Burley 
immediately located here, and Mr. W'hitaker 
stayed in Bristol to manage the stores there. 
In 1800 the partnershij) was dissolved and 
since then Mr. Burley lias been the sole i>ro- 
prietor of the Trenton stores. The Hudson 
and ]\[ott street store has been sold. Last 
March ^^Ir. Burley opened a store in Hights- 
town, New Jersey, which he is now conducting 
in connection with his Trenton stores. i\Ir. Burley buys and sell 
strong Re])ublican in ])rinciple but has never taken a very activ 




Chahi-f.s S. BrBi.F.Y. 



s on a stiietlv cash ha? 



e niterest ni i)olitics. 
1888, he married Emma Moore, of Camden, New Jersey. Thev have one son, liiisse" 



is. He is a 
I II .biiiuai'v, 




rKTKK K. Bakei:. 



TIIK CrrV OF TRENTON. 



331 



PouLsox A' CoLEMAX. — Till' fuiuTal direct iiij;- (inn i if I'dulsdii v^- ('nlcinan, ronsistiii"; of George 
II. I'liulsim and .Tedt'diali (ireen ('uli'iiian, was I'drnicd in Api'il, ls><S. Fur funrteen vears Mr. 
I'liulsdU had worked as undertaker with Messrs. 
Dishrow it \'an ( 'leve and 11. L. Oislirnw. In 
tlieir estalilislunent, wiiieli is located ii|miii tlie 
lirst tloor and hasenicnt "f No. 211 South W'ai'i'cn 
street, the tirni possesses every device necessary 
for ))ro]ierly eonilnetinu' their hnsincss. I'"vcry 
aceessorv for cinhaluiiiii; and dcsii;ns for the (lead 
are in their cnstodw The wat;iins and teams 
whicli they use are the lincst in tlie State, and 
inasniucli as tliey give each call their personal 
attention. ]iarti<-ularly in cniei-gcneics. the linn 
has met with a due share <if po[iular appre- 
ciation. 

John H. M.MrriNK'r'ri; was horn in Trenton, 
New Jersev, in 1S,")2. and has always resided in 
his native city. .U'ter attenilini: the puMic 
.schools, he was earl v apprenticed to the carpeiilcr 
trade. He worked as a .journeyman carpenter for 
the firms of Sutton iVr .lohnson and Lindsay i»c 
Johnston until ISSl. Then, in couneclioii with 
his lirother, William Iv. he coniineiiccil Kusi- 
ness under the name of .lolni 11. Maitiiielle iV.- 
Brother. In ISSS this parlneiship was dis- 
solved, and since then he has eonducteil the 
husiness alone. He has I'reeted over one thou- 
sand homes in this city. Among some of Ins 
most notal)le l)uildings are Lawi'cm-c I'^ai-rcll's douhle stoi'cs, on I'eiry sti-cct, <i|iposite Stockton, 
the Greek Catholic Church and the Hamilton Avenue Mi'tliodi>t Fpiscopal Church. 




.lollN JI. Maui IN KTTK. 



Cn.u;r.i:s II. l)ii,rs. 1).I).S., was horn in Ringoes 
Hunterdon county. New .hrsey. May ISth, IsCiS. He 
was earl\' sent to tlii' puhlic school and to the .\cad- 
emv of Science and .\rl. in his native town. In 
iSS'.l he graduated with lardit from the New Jer- 
sev Slate .Model School, of this city. He then en- 
tei'cd the rni\-ei'si1y of Pennsylvania, where he ]iinsned 
a course in the Dental Department, graduating in ISDl. 
He imincdiatelv opened an olliee ill Bristol, Pennsyl- 
\aiiia, and remained three years, estahlishing a sue- 
lessful pi-actice. Ill .\pril, ISitl, lie eaiiie to Trenton 
ami opcnc'l an olliee at No. 221 Fast State street. He 
still retains his olliee in Bristol. Dr. Dilts is a iiiemlier 
of the Royal .\reaiHim and has heeii through all the 
ollices of the local council in Bristol, where he is now 
Regent. While a studeiit of the I'liiversity of ['eini.-;yl- 
vaiiia he was a meiiiher of the James Triuiian Di'iital 
Socielv. He wa.s also initiated into the Iota I'liapter of 
the I'hi Kappa I'sj Fraternity. This fraternity nunihers 
among its liiemhers some of the most celehrated pro- 
fe.ssional men of this country. Dr. Dilts has always I.een much interested in imhlie si.eakiiig, ami 
was one of the most active niemhers of the Then<aiii<' Dehatiiig Society iluring his .Mod. 1 Seliool 
days. He had the honor of serving that society in all of its olliees and as cliairmaii of all of its 
most important comiiiitteus. 




C'iiAitl.i» H. Dn.Ts 



r;^2 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 




Frank J. Birt. 



Frank J. Birt was born in Trenton in 1864. Hit; early etlueation was received in St. .John's 
Parochial School, of this city, and in Eider's Business College. Later he attended Seton Hall 

College, Soutli Orange, New .Jersey, and the Philadcl- 
liliia College of J'harniacy, l)eing graduated from the 
latter institution in 1886. For a year he was clerk in 
a drug store in New York City, and in 1887 hecanie 
proprietor of the store at the corner of Centre an<l 
Bridge streets, Avhere he is still located. ^Ir. Birt con- 
ducts the iildest-estaldished drug store in South 
Tnuton, and does a general drug and prescription 
husiness. 

A\'.\LTKit Fiirrii was luirn in Ilalifn.x', Fjiglaml. 
in the year ISCil. His fatlier, Saniut'l Firth, canie to 
America in 1865 and innnediatcly located in Trenton. 
Tlic following year he started a grorery store, which 
he conducted \nitil l^'^o, when Walter suci-eedcd to the 
husiuess. In 18SS he huilt a three-story hrick store 
and dwelling, corner of North Clinton and Houghton 
avenues, where he conducts a general store. Mr. Firth 
is a prominent nienilier of Onala.ska Trihe. Improved 
(Jrder Red Men, which was organized in his new huild- 
ing. He is an exempt member and has l)een Vice 
President of Liberty Steam Fire Engine Comjiany. 

He is Treasurer of the .lohn C. Smith Bowling Club, being one of its organizers. He was married 

on Ai)ril Slli, ISS.",. to Annie Sutcliff, of Philadelphia. They have four children, two hoys 

and two girls. On .Vpril '.Mli, 189.5, Mr. Firth was elected to a seat in the Common Council liy a 

majority of one iiundred and forty-two votes over two 

candidates, in a sti'ongly- Democrnlic ward. As he is 

a staunch Rejiublican this demonstrates his popularity, 

which is not limited to his war<l alone. His father 

was, for a time. Cliaii-UKin of the .MiJlham Township 

Conunittee, and was one of the tirst organizers of a 

.scJKiol district in that locality. 

AicusTiXK A. (iuiiuuN, 1). D.S., was born in 
Trenton, New .Jersey, in (he year 18(;7. His 
e(lucation in the luiglish branches was impai'tcd 
to him at the parochial school of the Sacred Heart 
Church, and was followeij liy a course at Rider's Busi- 
ness College, anil later by a further course at St. N'in- 
cent's College, Westmoreland, Pennsylvania. ^Making 
dental surgery his siiecial study, he entered the Pennsyl- 
vania College of Dental Surgery, and after graduating 
from that institution, he took a special line of training 
at the .lefferson Medical College, Philadeljjhia. He is a 
nu'udx'r of the Pierce Society of Dental Surgeons. He 
worked under instructions with Drs. Knifhn, Smith 
and Hellyer, and had considerable exjierience in the 
Pennsylvania Hosjiital, receiving the reeonnnendation of Dr. Morton 
institution. His oIKce is located at 109 South Warren street, where In 

practice. His knowledge of the profession should certainly enable him to become one of the fore 
most dentists of the city. 




Ali^lsTINK A. Gridbix. 

the chief surgeon of that 
is building up a lucrative 



THE CTTY OF TREXToX. 



333 



Sa.mikl E. HonsoN was Ixini in r>ui'liiit;tim c-mnily in iM'.s. I li' came tn Trmton in 1SS4 to 
learn tlie mulortakin.;:- lnisine>s. ]-\,v two years lie was with Charles 1>. OiLiill. and after that time 
■with IVaijamin L. HishrdW niitil the hitter's death. 
Ml-. Ilmlsiin is a jiraetieal and llicii-iin,i;h emhahiiei-, 
ha\ iiiii- tii'adnated tVi mi the 1 'td] lia ScIkk ,| nf JMiihalm- 
ilii:-. in lirniiklyii, Xew \'(<vk. and the l\L!y|,liaii Sehnol 
(if l-aiihalniiiiL;-, in Xew Ynvk City. ]Iis iindeitakinii- 

estahhshment. Xn. ;!1 A\'est State street, \\a< ii|ielled 

•liiiie nth. 1S',I4. He is a prominent memlier of 
Ma.sonii- and I. (). (>. l'\ loducs of this city. In ISMI 
he niarrieil Lydia, daiiirhter of Ceoru'c' l.awton, of 
Trenton. 




~\MI I I l\ ll..].~..S. 



^\'EsLEY C. Owens was horn in Xew Ih'imsw iek. 

New .Jersey, in Deecniher, 1SI7. .\fter e.im|ilel inL: a 

course of study he secured em|iloyiiient with Lord A' 

Taylor, in New York City, reniainiiii;- u itli ihem ihii- 

te(.'n years. Sluirtly afterward he eanii' to 'IVentoii. his 

lirst en<;agenicnt heing with the elothinL;- lii-m of Wil- 
liam .T. Owens i\: Coni|iaiiy. For nearly llfleeii \eai~ 

.Mr. ( )\\iiis carried on the -ale of notions and riii-ni-h- 

ings at Xo. 17'iSoutli Uroad street, .\lioiil nine \-ears 

ago he reliniiui>lied liis store, since which time he has 

heeli retired from acti\-e husiness. l''or lifli'i'ii yi'ars his duties as Seeretarv of the Washington 

Market Association have oceu|jied much of \\\- time. He is also a Director of the (d'eeiiwood 

('eiiielcry .\>-oeia!ion and is acti\e in the ini|iro\'enieiit 
ot thai model hiirving-ground. In isc'.l lie married 
Fli/ahiih, daiiLilitii- of the late .\daiii l'].\tou, and has 
t\\o chiMren, Mary !•".. and Dr. Hudson Owens. Mr. 
Owens' m.itei'iial ancestors were the \'an Liens and 
I'.iickalew s, among the lirst settlers of Middlesex county, 
New .lersey. His paternal ancestors were early settlers 
in l'iims\l\ania. making their home near wliat is now 
known as Lewistown. Mr. < )wens' father was one of 
the lirst niemliers of the orii^inal ( Ireene Stri'ct Metliod- 
i-t l'",pi-copnl Chnich. liotli of his gn-at-gnuidfatliers 
were in the licvolul imi. 

Ilow Ai;ii N. liieiiAiiiis, son of .Toll n .L l!icliards. a 
prominent groicr of this city, was horn near Durliam, 
liiicks i-oimty, i'cunsylvaiiia, Septeinher lOth. L"^(>'). 
When onl\- nine years of age he moved to Trenton 
and was educated at the ]inlili<' schools of tliis city 
and at the New .lersey State Model School, graduat- 
ing from the latter institution in 1SS4. .\t this 
lime lie entered the (Iruu store of Irving W. Kelly, 
on the corner of Perry and Montgomery streets. While clerking for Mr, Kelly he studie.l 
pliannacy, and atlende.l lectures :it the I'hil.adelpliia College of Pharmacy, from which he was 
graduateil in isxs. On Octoher (itli, IS'.id, .Mr. liichards I.ecame proprietor of the drug store and 
has since conducted the husiness with marked success. lie gives the store his undiviiled atten- 
tion, and heing of genial disposition is universally liked and highly rcsiic<'te(l l.y all with whom 
he comes in contact. On Decemher I'.Hli, ISSS, he was married to Lillian H., daughtir of Samuel 
J. Kelly, and sistfU' of his former employer. 




II.JW AKI. N. Ki. 



384 



THE CITY OF TRENTON. 



IIahisy I). (liUDN. I).1).S.. was Ixn-n in I'liilailiOpliia, Pennsylvania, in OctolxT, 1S4-"). Wlirn a 
voiini: man lie came ti> Trcntim. ami for live years stn<lie<l ilentistry with Dr. Charles l)i|)]iiilt. with 

whom he was assoeiated as assistant and partner for 
twenty-two years, i^ince this time he has ()ccu]iieil liis 
jiresent otiiees, located on the second llmir of his hand- 
some residence, IS,") Sonth Broad street. In 1x71) Dr. 
(iihon married ^hiry 15. Page, of Trenton. They have 
four danirhters and one son, Harry D., Jr.. a nienil>er 
.if the Class of "'.)■') in the Philadeliihia Dental Collejre. 
Dr. Cihon startecl life a poor hoy. with very little or 
no ontside lu'lp, hut has suceecded in estahlishini: him- 
self as one of the most successful dentists in Trenton. 




Ci..\UK.NcK Kmii.ic (^riNi'iN was horn in Ihunillon 
townshiji Fehruary 24tli, lS(i"). He ol)taine<l an excel- 
lent education in the Trenton Institute, Pelmont (iram- 
mar School, and later took a course in the Ti'enton 
l)Usim-s ColK'jic, irraduatinir fi'om the latter school in 
iss:',. In l.SSii, he entere(l into partnershiii with his 
lirother. D. Scott <iuintin, .Ir.. the celelirated trainer of 
horses. This tirm estahlished the [jrcsent Trenton 
Uidiuir Academy, which has proved a hii; success. Since 

II Mlli i I ' ■ ■ I III ' ^. ' ■ ' 

.\)iril 1st. IX'.'l. the academy lias hccn under the sole 
control of Mr. Clarence tiuintin, who, like the rest of the (^lintin family, is a thorou,i;h iiorseman. 
His success in traininji hiuh-clas.s horses is marvelous, and he is eipially successful in tcachinir that 
rare acconi)ilishnient — irood I'idini;-. In connection with the academy is a lixcry and hoardiuLT stahle. 
The huildinj; is large and tlioroughly adapted to the 
husiness, extending from Academy street to Commerce 
street, .\mong the horses that liavi' heen trained hy 
Mr. (iuintin were tlu' cek'hrated heauties "Boston," 
"Sweetheart,"' •• Patsy" and "New York." The 
academy is admirahly conducted and is liherally patro- 
nized hy Trenton's hest citizens. On Novenil)er oth, 
IS'.t-i. Mr. (iuintin took to the altar of Hymen Eliza- 
hetli W. Iiuloii. one of Ti'enton's most estimahle voung 
ladies. 

l.iiiH Dii:ill,. Su., was horn in France in ]N2S. 
He receivecl his education and also learned the trade 
of hutclier in his native country. When ahout twenty- 
si.x years of age he came to Anu'ric-a, and si'ttlcd at 
once on a farm nc'ar this city. For some time he did 
farm work, and then .secured a ]iosition in the ruhher 
mills, where he worked several years. In ISS.'!, he 
openeil a cafe at Si) Klagg avenue, which he success- 
fully conducted until the time of his death, March 
■JOth, IS'.)."). Mr. Diehl was more or less prominently 
connected with the })olitical life of the city and county. For ahont foiu' years he was Con- 
stahle, and from IS.Sli to ISIX) he was a memher of tlu' ])oard of Chosen Freeholders. In 1S.")7, 
Mr. Diehl married .lane Doh<Tty. who dic(l in ]S~:\, leaving live childi-cn. Stcjihcn L., Mary, 
Louis, Jr., Jennie and Sarah. Mr. Diehl was i|uite an athlete in his day, and was at onetime 
a famous sprinter. 




I - lniiii.. >K. 



THE CITY OF TltENTON. 335 

Bro\vek X- Putts. — Trevdiic II. P>iii\v(r was hoin in Freehold, New Jersey, in 1863. He was 
e<hicate(l at a i-oiintrv sc-Iumi] and the Frcelidld Institute. He entereil a store at Manasi|uaii and 
latcT was eni|Flnyc(l \<y AUicrt Clayton, of Ti-cnton. There he remained four years. Mr. Hrower is 
a member of the Hoard of Direetors of the V. M. ('. A. and ex-Pro.sideiit of Trenton Loeal Union of 
Christian Endeavor Societies, .lohn .\nderson JNitts was horn n(>ar Mount Holly in 1S.")7. His 
early life was i)assed on a farm in liurlinLiton eoiuity. lie was edueate(l at a eountrv school. 
Coining to Trenton, Mr. Potts entered the employ of Owen II. LiK'ke, .shoe dealer, where lie 
remained several yeai-s. Tlu' jiartiiership of the ahove linn was formed in .\]iril, 1S8S, when thev 
became dealers in fancy groceries, domestic and im|iorted. Their liivt ston' was located in ('lark 
Brothers' building, on the corner of Warren and West Hanover streets, 'i'heiicc thev removed to 
5 South Rroad street, where they cdntimied business until they rcmoNid to tlieir present large and 
tlioroughly-eiiui|iped store in the Wimlsor Hotel building, 117 and 111) I'^ast State street. The 
untiring enei-gy of both inembi'rs of the firm has [ilaced them in the lirst rank among local dealers. 






INDEX 



A. 

Abrahiimsnn, C. M., 
Adams, C. F , . 
Allinson, I). Cooper, 
Apgar, W. H , . . 



Bainliridge, Willis P. 
Haker, C'.II, . , 
Haker, L. F., . . 
Baker, P. E., . 
Barwis, Elmer, . 
Roaslev, Mercer, . 
Heatty;il. M, • 
Hird, Clietwood, . 
Bird, John T., . . 
Bin, Frank J., . . 
151amli, Jarol), . 
Itonney, Kobt. B., 
Brewer, J. Hart, . 
Bruere, A. T., . . 
I'riilon, C. P., 
H rower & Potts, 
Buchanan, James, 
Kurley, (;has. S , . 
Burroughs, C. II., 
Burtis, H. J., . . 



C. 



Cain, Gardner II., 

Cantwell, F. V., 

Case, C. B., . . 



Cauldwell, W.II., . 
Cliamliers, Benj. F., 
Chambers, J. S., . 
Chambers, Thos. S., 
Clark, James, . . 
Clark, W. A., Jr., . 
Condiet, K. C, . . 
Cook, E. G., . . . 
Cooper, J;i.s. R., . 
Cooi>er, W. II., . . 
Colenian. J. B., . 
Cornell, J. W., . . 
Coutier, Louis, . . 
Co.xon, Jonathan, Sr. 
Coxon, Jonathan, Jr 
Cravthorn, C. J., . . 
(ranmer, Geo. T., . 
Crossley, W. J., . . 



D. 



Payton, W. L., . 
Diehl, Louis, Sr., 
Diehl, Louis, Jr., 
Dey, A. II , . . 
Dickinson, E. L., 
Dilt.s, C. H, . . 
Dippolt, Charles, 
Dunham, C. IL, . 



E. 



Elmer, William, 
Evans, E. W., . 
Exton, Wm. T., 



F. 



Fell, A. S., . . 
Fell, J. B., . . . 
Firth, Walter, . 
Fish, Benjamin, . 
Fiizgeorge, George, 
Freudenmacher, Philip, 



107 
222 
193 
192 



. . . 199 
. . 3ti9 

. . . 164 

11 lustration. 

. . . 225 
1,S8 
223 
311 
18t) 
332 
317 
304 
321 
225 
208 
335 
189 
330 
222 
317 



Gerrv, 0. W., . 
(iihon, II. D., . 
(tinnelley, E. H., 
Ginnodo, J. Q., 



G. 



198 
214 
304 
326 
299 
306 
297 
207 
211 
321 
187 
214 
328 
207 
318 
315 
319 
320 
215 
296 
200 



183 
334 
32(! 
218 
224 
331 
326 
220 



210 
192 
325 

221 
303 
332 
298 
302 
327 



220 
334 
311 
306 



Golding, Moses, . . . 

Gray, J. D 

(Jreen, Edwin, . . . 
Green, J. M., . . . 
(jregory, B. C., . . . 
(iribl)in, A. A., . . 
Gritiith, \V. H. G., . . 
Guiuinere, Barker, Jr., 
Gnminere, W. S., . . 
Gunson, B. F 



310 
323 
324 
150 
102 
332 
209 
309 
191 
319 



H. 

Ilamill, Hugh H., . 
Ilaiuilton, M. K , . . 
Ilanimiii, Levi T., . 
Hawth(ji'n, John, . . 
lleadley-Leavitt Co., 
He.ath, Samuel, . . 
Hill, E<lmund C, . 
llodson, S. F,, . . . 
Ilowell, Israel, . . 
Hutchinson, B. B., 
Hutchinson, _S. B., . 



Johnson, Wm. Y., 



K. 



Kafes, J. L , . . 
Keegan, Martin, 
Keniler, E. A., . 
Kitson, Cha.s. P., 
Klein, J. Henrv, 



L. 
Lalor, Frank H., . . 
Lalor, \V. S., . . . 
Lane, J. B., .... 
Lanning, J. W., . . 
Lanning, Wm. I\I., 
Leavitt, Lyman, 
Lee, Francis B., . . 
Lee, William IL, . 
Leigh, Hutchinson, . 

Loos, I. B 

Lutze, A. F. R., . . 



M. 

Mackenzie, T. H., . . 
Macpherson, G. W., 

Maple, J. C 

Margernm, J. D., . . 
Martinelte, J. IL, 

McCuiiough, w. c;.. . 

.McFaul, J. .\., Rt. Rev. 
Mctialliard, B. W., . 
McKclwav, .John, 
Mickel, Wm. H., . . 
Moore, Eckford, . . 
Moore, J. II. , . . 

Moore, J. T. 

Montgomery. John A., 
JIurray, C. Edward, 
Mutchler, Wm. IL, . 
Murphy, John L., . . 



N. 
Norton, Horace G., 



O'Farrell, M.J.,Rt. Rev., 
Oliphant, N. B , . . . 
Oliphant, S. I)., Sr., . . 
Owens, W. C, .... 



P. 
Parker, Lewis, . . 
Patterson, John H., 
Pierson, L. C, . . 



191 
145 
199 
314 
325 
301 
308 
333 
301 
200 
195 



190 



313 
314 
327 
318 
322 



142 
208 
329 
299 
187 
223 
197 
316 
310 
224 
330 



221 
190 
315 
323 
331 
212 
172 
219 
207 
329 
303 
330 
322 
200 
312 
300 
250 



216 



170 
217 
184 
333 

185 
149 
102 



Poulson & Coleman, .... 331 

Price, Geo. W , 324 

Perrine Lewis, Sr., .... 195 

Perrine, Lewis, Jr., .... 196 

Phillips, W. W. L., .... 207' 

Q- 

(.^uintin, C. E., 334 

R. 

Raub, Thos. E., 314 

Reed, Alfred, 191 

Held, Chas. A., 318 

Rellslab, John, 189 

Rice, Wm, 213 

Richards UN., 333 

Rickev, A. H , 305 

Rider,' A. J., 106 

Rohhin.s, Carroll, 199 

Roberts, C. E 202 

Rogers, R. R., Sr, 210 

Rogers, R. R., Jr., .... 218 

Rusling, Jas. F., 182 

S. 

Sattcrthwait, Linton 201 

Satterthwaite, Jos. H , . . . 215 

Scarborough, John, Rt. Rev., 168 

Scndder, H. C, 201 

Shaw, Jos. B., 217 

Shepherd, C, 216 

Skirra, A. A., 313 

Solan, M. J., 300 

Southwick, J. A 302 

Spencer. Bird W., 322 

Stelle, W. W 312 

Stevens, Thos. S., 320 

Stockton, J. P 186 

Stokes, E. H., 316 

Stokes, J. W., 316 

Stout, J. G 327 

Struble, Wm McD., .... 219 

Strvker, Wm. S., 296 

Swayze, H. M., 313 

T. 

Tantum, J. D., 225 

Taylor, John, 297 

T.aylor, John L., 207 

T.aylor Provision Co., The, . 312 

Terradell, T. M., 311 

Turner, J. P., 212 

V. 

\'an Clcef, John T 198 

\'an Syckel, Bonnet, . . . 184 

\rooni, Ciarret D. W., . . . 189 

W. 

Walker, E. R , 202 

Walker, Sanniel, Jr., .... 188 

Weeks, II. M., 209 

Weller, F. M. 305 

Wetherill, ILG., 211 

Wells, J. M., 214 

White, Thos M., 328 

White, W. H., 304 

Whittaker, Jno. IL, .... 302 

Witte, Eugene B., 215 

WoodruMIR. S. 202 

\Voodward, F. F. C 307 

Woolsey, W. W. 222 

Woolverton, John, .... 207 

Worthington, A H 213 

Wyckoli; W. W., 213 

Y. 

Yard, Emorv N., 294 

Yard, W. S.; 295 



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